中外物流发展文献综述

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《跨境电子商务物流发展探析国内外文献综述3000字》

跨境电子商务物流发展研究国内外文献综述1.国外研究现状在国外，针对跨境电子商务物流发展，很多学者从一些现状入手，分析了当前部分企业的成功经验。

这些，不仅对于国外的跨境电商企业拥有积极意义，也可以充分为我国企业借鉴。

Hamoene（2012）认为，从全球范围来看，跨境电商企业物流发展最为发达的是美国，全球排名最靠前的四大快递巨头FEDEX、UPS、DHL、TNT，都为跨境电商企业提供服务，让其产品可以顺利达到用户手中。

其中FEDEX、UPS更是在全球范围内，凭借其独特的网络优势让跨境电商企业的便捷优势最大程度得到发挥。

Oledae（2013）同时认为，美国的跨境电商企业除了拥有良好的经济环境，有数量巨大的速递物流企业为其提供服务之外，其更是因为有先进的电子商务行业发展经验之外，同美国的速递物流企业在长期的发展中形成了彼此相互合作的独特的发展策略，从而让跨境电商企业逐步打造了自身的物流管理竞争优势。

Caline（2013）认为，成功的跨境电商企业巨头均在全球建设有完整的国际物流服务网络，基本覆盖世界200个国家和地区。

同时，这类企业的物流网络运转效率高效，其在全球配送时限基本控制在三至四个工作日，即使是相对比较偏远的地区，跨境电商企业的物流也能确保尽量在一周之内送达客户所购买的商品。

跨境电商企业正是因为拥有如此高效的全球物流网络，才获得了高速的发展。

同时，跨境电商企业的物流网络构建之所以如此成功，还得益于跨境电商企业对全球各地经济、文化的良好吸收和掌握。

同时，大多数跨境电商企业拥有快递集散网络也是让跨境电商企业可以控制自身的物流成本，同时提升了物流管理效率。

JameKarlan（2013）认为，国外跨境电商企业之所以在物流管理方面竞争优势明显，主要是因为其可以通过不断完善起来先进技术、管理理念、管理工具来强化自身的物流管理体系。

同时，这些跨境电商企业还因为拥有一批高素质的员工队伍，使自己的物流系统高效运转，在保证了成本可控的同时，单位跨境电商企业物流成本逐步下降。

《我国物流仓储产业发展研究国内外文献综述2200字》

我国物流仓储产业发展研究国内外文献综述1 国内研究现状我国的物流仓储产业起步较晚，大部分是由计划经济体制留存下来的物资仓储公司和大型仓库扩建而成。

另外，由于我国长期以来都是劳动力密集企业，即仓库内大量的集装、搬运、堆垛、计量等作业都是由人工手动完成的，作业强度高，工作条件差。

从生产效率上看，人工操作的劳动效率低，存储容量利用率不高。

陈志祥的《生产运营管理教程》觉得精益生产是一种国际级的管理思路，对车间实物流和车间布局进行分析和调整优化，可以显著提高企业的创新力。

孙长新《生产经营管理》认为精益生产是企业的主要核心，去除生产过程中的8种浪费问题。

冯倩等提出了自动化医药物流中心的存储策略，建立了货位分配优化的模型，并采用经典的遗传算法解决该多目标优化问题。

原秀晶等采用了随机存储策略，使用了权重系数法求解该多目标优化问题，提高了自动化立体仓库的存取效率。

陈月婷等提出了基于Pareto最优解的改进粒子群算法（Particle Swarm Optimization，PSO)，用置换的方法来改进计算的速率，可以有效解决立体仓库的货位分配优化问题。

陈月婷等首先使用了分区的概念，对库区进行分区优化，并在此基础上运用改进的遗传算法，结合小生境技术以及精英保存方法来解决货位优化问题。

之后，陈月婷等提出首先对库区进行扇形分区，在库区优化的基础上，采用基于Pareto最优解的遗传算法对货位优化模型进行求解。

罗键等首先提出了货位分区的策略，在分区的基础上，采用离散粒子群算法求解货位优化问题。

罗楷文建立了库房选择决策模型，利用层次分析法选出目标库房，并采用遗传算法求解货位布局优化问题。

柳赛男等提出了货位耦合的分区分配策略，依据货位离出入库的距离划分优先级，采用基于Pareto最优解的遗传算法对货位分配进行优化，实验结果能够较好地分配货区的货物。

袁源主要研究基于分解的多目标进化算法，针对生产调度领域的一个重要问题，提出了一个新的模因演算法，并应用改进的NSGA-II算法和分层策略处理该多目标优化问题。

《国际贸易与国际物流协同发展研究国内外文献综述1800字》

国际贸易与国际物流协同发展研究国内外文献综述目录国际贸易与国际物流协同发展研究国内外文献综述 (1)1.国外研究现状 (1)（1）国际贸易与国际物流的关系研究 (1)（2）运输成本与国际贸易相关 (1)（3）对物流系统的研究可确保国际贸易的可持续发展 (1)2.国内研究现状 (2)（1）研究新型物流与国际贸易的相关关系 (2)（2）对外贸易与现代物流的联系 (2)（3）国际贸易与现代物流之间反馈关系相关研究 (3)3.国内外研究现状简评 (3)1.国外研究现状（1）国际贸易与国际物流的关系研究亚当·斯密在著作《国富论》1中写到国际贸易的理论基础是贸易国的比较优势和提供的资源，现代物流体系的发展将为国际贸易的发展提供更多的空间[1]。

Michae1 E Porter 2认为一个国家的经济发展水平是由国际竞争力决定的，对外贸易是物流业发展竞争优势的保证[2]。

（2）运输成本与国际贸易相关蒂尔道夫(2004)在通过建立分析模型来研究运输成本与国际贸易之间的联系、运费与贸易方式之间联系[3]。

Spies J和Kleinert J（2011）在重力方程中，建立了一个制造业和运输业的理论框架，研究结果显示，距离影响贸易超过运输成本渠道。

运输价格反过来又受到两国之间的距离和出口的影响[4]。

D Laussel 和Riezman R（2006）假定国际贸易的成本是恒定的，则建立两国之间国际贸易的模型。

通过研究这些平衡点的稳定性，研究证明运输成本将会影响国际贸易的发展，它们之间会相互影响[5]。

（3）对物流系统的研究可确保国际贸易的可持续发展1亚当·斯密:国民财富的性质与原因研究[M].北京:商务印书馆, 1972～19742Porter M E . Competition in Global Industries: A conceptual framework[J].business review, 1986, 35:1-32.Joseph R. Carter John 和 N. Pearson and Li Peng3(1997) 由于经济的发展、社会文化习俗、制度结构和贸易实践等方面的原因，中美企业之间存在着许多不同的物流壁垒，因此，为了研究各种形式的国际物流障碍，有必要建立一个科研项目 [6]。

物流文献综述字

物流文献综述字随着物流产业的发展，物流文献也逐渐成为了学者和从业者们关注和探究的热点之一。

从物流的定义到物流管理的具体实践，物流文献对物流领域的研究和实践起着举足轻重的作用。

本文将深入探讨物流文献的来源、分类、涉及领域、应用价值等方面，并对目前国内外物流文献的现状和未来趋势做出分析和展望。

一、物流文献的来源与分类物流文献主要来源于学术期刊、学术会议、专业书籍、报刊、互联网等渠道。

其中，学术期刊是物流研究的重要领域，包括Transportation Research、Journal of Business Logistics、Journal of Supply Chain Management等。

学术会议也是物流研究的重要平台，比如国际物流与供应链管理学术会议（ILSCM）。

此外，专业书籍、报刊和互联网也是物流文献的重要来源。

根据物流文献的内容和性质，可分为理论研究类、实证研究类、应用研究类三类。

理论研究类主要是对物流概念、理论和方法的探讨和阐述，包括物流的定义、物流成本管理、仓储管理、运输管理等。

实证研究类主要是对物流实践问题的研究和解决，如物流效率、物流信息管理、货运市场发展等。

应用研究类主要是对物流实践操作的改进和创新，如物流模拟、物流系统设计和优化等。

二、涉及领域物流文献涉及的领域非常广泛，可以从宏观层面的全球货物流通、区域物流、交通运输、管理理论等方向进行研究；也可以从微观层面的物流信息技术、物流设施设计、物流组织与管理、物流服务等方向进行研究。

此外，物流文献与其他领域的交叉也非常密切，如物流与信息技术、物流与环境保护、物流与金融等。

三、物流文献的应用价值物流文献对物流行业的发展和创新起着巨大的推动作用。

它不仅可以为从业者提供参考和指导，更可以为决策者提供决策支持和战略指导。

通过对物流文献的研究和分析，我们可以更好地了解物流行业的发展方向和趋势，并为物流企业的改进和创新提供重要的思路和方法论。

物流文献综述近3年之内的

物流文献综述近3年之内的
近三年来，物流领域的研究涉及了许多重要的主题和趋势。

其中一些主题包括智能物流、物流网络优化、绿色物流、最后一公里配送等。

智能物流方面的研究主要集中在利用物联网、大数据分析和人工智能技术来提高物流效率和可视化管理。

物流网络优化方面的研究关注于如何优化物流网络结构以降低成本、提高效率，并减少环境影响。

绿色物流研究致力于减少物流活动对环境的影响，包括减少排放、节能减排等方面。

最后一公里配送方面的研究主要关注最后一段配送环节的效率和成本优化，以满足电子商务和城市配送的需求。

在近三年的物流文献中，还涉及了一些新兴技术在物流领域的应用，比如无人机、自动驾驶技术等。

这些技术的应用对物流行业的未来发展具有重要意义，可以提高配送效率和降低成本，并且可以应对人力短缺等问题。

此外，物流行业在全球化、供应链管理、风险管理等方面也有不少研究。

全球化背景下，跨国物流合作、国际贸易物流等成为研究热点。

供应链管理方面的研究主要关注供应链的整体优化和协同管理。

风险管理方面的研究涉及物流中的各种风险，如自然灾害、
政治风险等，以及应对这些风险的策略和方法。

总的来说，近三年来物流领域的研究涉及了多个重要方面，包括技术创新、可持续发展、全球化等。

这些研究不仅为学术界提供了丰富的研究成果，也为物流行业的发展提供了重要的理论和实践指导。

随着信息技术的快速发展和全球化背景下物流需求的不断增长，相信物流领域的研究将会持续深入和扩展。

物流文献综述范文模板例文

物流文献综述范文模板例文【中英文版】Literature Review Template for Logistics物流文献综述范文模板The field of logistics has experienced significant growth and transformation in recent years, with numerous studies exploring various aspects of this dynamic industry.This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of key trends, challenges, and opportunities in logistics.By examining a range of academic articles and industry reports, this review seeks to identify the most influential factors shaping the logistics sector.近年来，物流领域经历了显著的增长和变革，许多研究探讨了这一动态行业的各个方面。

本文旨在提供物流行业关键趋势、挑战和机遇的全面概述。

通过研究一系列学术文章和行业报告，本综述旨在确定塑造物流领域的最有影响力的因素。

One of the primary focuses of logistics research is the optimization of supply chain operations.Many studies have investigated methods to enhance efficiency and reduce costs within the supply chain.Key areas of interest include inventory management, transportation planning, and warehousing.These studies often employ advanced mathematical models and optimization algorithms to develop effective solutions for supply chain challenges.物流研究的主要焦点之一是供应链运营的优化。

现代企业物流管理模式研究国内外文献综述

现代企业物流管理模式研究国内外文献综述随着全球经济的快速发展和市场竞争的日益激烈，企业物流管理成为了提高运营效率和降低成本的重要手段。

本文将综述国内外相关文献，探讨现代企业物流管理的模式和方法。

一、物流管理的定义和重要性物流管理是指对企业内外物流活动进行计划、组织、指挥、协调和控制的过程，旨在实现物流活动的高效运作和资源的最优配置。

物流管理的核心是通过优化供应链、提高运输效率和降低库存成本，为企业创造价值。

二、国内外现代企业物流管理模式的研究1. JIT（Just-In-Time）模式JIT模式是现代企业物流管理中的一种重要模式。

它通过减少库存和缩短供应链的环节，实现生产和供应的精确匹配。

国内外研究表明，JIT模式可以显著提高生产效率和资源利用率，降低成本和库存水平。

2. SCM（Supply Chain Management）模式SCM模式是一种注重整体供应链优化的物流管理模式。

它通过整合供应商、制造商、分销商和零售商等各个环节，实现供应链的高效协同。

国内外研究表明，SCM模式可以提高供应链的响应速度、降低成本、提高客户满意度。

3. ERP（Enterprise Resource Planning）模式ERP模式是将信息技术与物流管理相结合的一种模式。

它通过整合企业内部各个部门和外部供应商的信息，实现物流信息的实时共享和高效管理。

国内外研究表明，ERP模式可以提高物流运作的效率和准确性，降低物流成本和风险。

三、现代企业物流管理模式的优势和挑战1. 优势现代企业物流管理模式可以提高运营效率、降低成本、改善客户满意度和市场竞争力。

它可以实现供应链的协同和优化，减少库存和运输成本，提高物流信息的准确性和及时性。

2. 挑战现代企业物流管理模式面临着信息技术的快速更新和供应链的复杂性等挑战。

同时，还需要解决供应链中的信息不对称、合作关系不稳定和风险管理等问题。

四、结论现代企业物流管理模式的研究已经取得了丰硕的成果，JIT、SCM和ERP等模式在实践中得到了广泛应用。

《绿色物流发展研究国内外文献综述》3400字

绿色物流发展研究国内外文献综述（一）国外研究现状国外物流业发展现状随着物流内涵的不断扩展，物流管理手段、技术在不断地改善和提高，缩短物流时间、节省物流费用、提高物流效率、促进物流组织合理化是经济发达国家的共同特征。

物流业较为发达的西方国家，在政府和社会力量的推动下，以现代化物流基础设施规模、质量的提高和第三方物流企业的发展为中心，使物流业发展水平不断提高。

目前，欧美发达国家物流业规模已超过高技术产业而成为新的经济拉动因素。

随着信息技术的不断发展，互联网和电子商务应用的广泛普及，大大降低了国际贸易和国际物流的运营成本，是国际物流得以长足发展。

国际物流的效率在很大程度上取决于新兴信息技术的应用程度，其发展趋势是建立智能化运输系统，将运输仓储电子化管理过程与网络财务支持系统、电子商务融为一体。

配送中心在国外物流业的发展过程中，具有相当重要的地位。

配送中心的类型与业务非常全面。

既有加工配送型，也有单纯储存配送型既有专业产品如汽车配件、食品配送等，也有综合物流中心既有物流与展览展销的结合，也有跨区域的综合集成空运、海运、铁路、公路的全球物流配送中心。

配送中心一般都广泛采用各种高科技手段，如信息管理系统、电子数据监控系统、现代化立体仓库、条形码扫描等，同时还包括整套的供应链方案设计、港口电子网络化管理、仓库进出货自动管理、卫星定位系统等。

良好的基础设施与通信技术的运用，促进了国外物流业的高速发展与成本的降低。

在高速发展的同时，国外的企业还采取积极的措施来降低物流业对环境的影响。

主要包括两个方面，一个方面是对物流系统污染进行控制，即在物流系统和物流活动的规划与决策中尽量采用对环境污染小的方案，如采用排污量小的货车车型、近距离配送、夜间运货以减少交通堵塞，节省燃料和降低排放等。

另一个方面就是建立工业和生活废料处理的物流系统。

发达国家政府还积极倡导在污染发生源、交通量、交通流等三个方面制定相应的政策来降低物流业对环境的破坏。

物流文献综述

物流文献综述物流管理是经济发展的关键因素，动态的物流系统能够满足市场的持续需求。

物流管理一直是由科学家和学者研究的一个备受关注的话题，越来越多的研究正在开展，从而推动物流管理的发展。

本文将简要综述近十年来有关物流管理的有关文献。

近十年来，有大量的研究围绕着物流管理。

首先，人们对全球物流管理进行了大量的研究，特别是在全球市场化、竞争力和供应链行业趋势方面的研究。

折射出当今全球日益活跃的物流市场结构和流量的变化趋势。

例如，针对印度现行供应链模式及其变化趋势，研究有Kakkar (2009)、Sikdar和Sikdar (2015)等。

此外，学者也就网络式物流、物流集群以及商业主管机构对供应链发展的调控等多维度进行了深入的探讨，以期实现全球经济发展。

如粗放网络式物流结构及其及其分析，Smith和Scarborough (2008)、Cagnina等(2012)研究了网络间的互动关系、关键流程和软件等。

有研究也探讨了供应链集成的重要性，如Oh et al. (2011)的研究，提出了集成传统供应链管理系统的方法。

此外，学者们还开展了大量关于物流运输的研究，主要集中在如何提高物流系统的效率上。

研究表明，为了有效地满足客户的需求，企业必须建立可靠的物流运输系统。

与此同时，环境保护对于物流运输也变得越来越重要，Nash et al. (2013)和Azadeh et al. (2016)这两个研究都强调了绿色物流系统的重要性。

最后，有关物流安全及技术中各种技术的研究也引起了人们的广泛关注。

例如，智能物流技术（Sasaki et al. 2013）和物流安全技术（Mudassir et al. 2014）也引起学者们的关注，他们对这些技术的运用也做出了深入的探索，以实现可持续的物流绩效。

总之，在物流管理方面的研究有很多文献彰显出大量的见解。

从本文叙述中可以看出，人们对整个物流管理系统、物流运输以及物流安全技术都进行了深入的研究。

关于物流业发展战略分析的相关文献综述

关于物流业发展战略分析的相关文献综述摘要随着市场竞争的加剧，人们对服务行业的要求越来越高。

因此，物流行业必须提高自身的各方面品质。

此外，《**北部湾经济区发展规划》以及中国—东盟自由贸易区的建立都给**物流业提供了巨大的发展机会，**物流业应该抓住这个机会快速发展。

本文献综述将就**自身物流业发展情况以及**北部湾经济区、中国—东盟自由贸易区的建立背景下**物流业的发展战略的相关文献进行综述。

关键词：**物流业，发展战略，中国—东盟自由贸易区，北部湾经济区，综述1、关于**物流业研究文献综述**经济发展相对而言比较落后，物流基础薄弱，但是**自身具有着良好的地理优势和政策优势。

杨伟钦在《**中小物流企业发展战略》中指出，**经济正在快速发展，物流市场的潜力较大，市场广阔。

他同时也指出，**自身物流设施有待完善，**的物流网络还不发达，物流资源存在浪费现象。

同时企业自身的管理也不规范，**物流企业目前还是处于各自为政，分散经营的局面，并没有整合物流资源，共享物流信息。

叶洪强、谭淑慧、许金龙等在《**物流业发展存在的问题与对策探讨》也指出了上述问题，同时提出了政府的在**物流发展中的重要作用。

该文献中指出了**物流业要在政府的引导下加快物流基础设施的建设，注重交通网络的完善，加强物流市场的管理，为**物流业提供一个良好的发展环境。

2、关于两大发展背景下**物流业发展战略研究文献综述中国—东盟自由贸易区于2010年1月1日正式全面启动。

**对东南亚的贸易往来不断加深，贸易对物流的要求也越来越高。

李万青在《东盟背景下**物流发展战略的设计与实施》一文中指出在中国—东盟自由贸易区的背景下，近几年和东盟的贸易大幅的增长，**物流的要求也提升为区域性的国际物流。

他指出了现在**物流不能适应中国—东盟要求的问题。

例如：**物流体系的不完善，经营分散不足以适应中国—东盟自由贸易区日益增长的物流需求。

同时他也提出了相应的发展策略。

【跨国物流问题研究文献综述1600字】

跨国物流问题研究文献综述针对国内外研究现状，国外对于跨国物流配送业务的研究由来已久。

对于跨境电商与跨国物流配送的未来发展相关的深入研究。

国外的Tuan Nguyen Trong、Phuong Phan Thi Khanh(2012)判断在剧烈的市场中慢慢消失了的大多数跨境电商公司,在其快速蓬勃发展前期中忽视了物流配送的重要意义,他们相信物流业发展水平在电子商务企业开发中占有着至关重要的战略地位,跨境电商和跨国物流配送的关系也就是这样。

Hsiao(2017)则指出,跨国物流配送业务的未来发展需求量与必要性正伴随跨境电商的蓬勃发展而日益提高,而跨国物流配送服务商也唯有通过不断创新和提升相应服务水平,才能在越来越剧烈的市场竞争中维持其优势。

而在跨国物流配送业务方面。

Boyson和Csorisi(1999)指出,第三方物流配送是未来跨国物流配送蓬勃发展的新趋势,第三方公司企业物流配送的稳定对跨境电商的蓬勃发展无疑是有益的。

Ewa Płaczek(2013)指出,互联网电子商务与物流业需要通过信息资源重构,在解决需求的基石上考虑服务实现的时机,因而在跨国物流配送业务的分配环节,需要有适当灵活性的运送体系,从而适应多样化的供给需求。

Jazairy(2017)等人给出了在未来进一步发展第三方配送与供货商伙伴关系中,提升成本效益以及准时交货领域方面的物流配送绩效的指导方针。

外国专家学者们善于汇总了FedEx、UPS等外国大规模物流配送龙头企业发展战略的经验,并汇总出了一些领先发展理念,以提供其他物流公司参照借鉴,为蓬勃发展跨国物流配送业务作出了贡献。

相比较于国外，国内则在跨国物流发展的研究领域较晚。

但是从起步发展到现在，已经发生了翻天覆地的变化。

关于这一方面的研究主要表现在以下两个方面。

一是基于跨国物流业务的技术研发。

跨境电商与跨国物流配送协调发展方面一般有如下看法,庞燕(2015)指出服务的高质量是电子商务蓬勃发展的保障,同理,跨境电商网络平台的蓬勃发展也对跨国物流水平提供了相应的条件。

快递业文献综述及外文文献资料

本份文档包含该专题的：外文文献、文献综述一、外文文献Transport, Logistics, and Fulfillment OptionsLaurel J. DelaneyAir TransportShipping by air used to be an emergency strategy, used only when a customer needed a product immediately, but with the proliferation of international air delivery services such as Federal Express, DHL, UPS, and Airborne Express, it is now easy and economical to move your product around the world, even overnight. You’ll generally pay a higher price per kilo than you will for ocean shipment, but in some expense categories you’ll actually rack up some savings. For example, packing costs tend to run less for air transport. One major consideration is the weight of your cargo. Are you exporting feathers? If so, air transport would be cheaper, provided you don’t use cartons that take up a lot of space. Tractors, on the other hand, should be transported via ocean.If exporting highly perishable items is your business, you’ll want to familiarize yourself with carriers that offer affordable worldwide express shipments of chilled, frozen, and fresh foods, such as seafood, meats, and produce. You will see more and more demand for this service as the market for organic, fresh, and convenience foods expands. I suggest you call the US Department of Agriculture’s interna tional marketing office for additional help. It usually has directories, workbooks, and guides to assist exporters of highly perishable products.The International Air Transport Association represents 240 airlines worldwide. When these members reach agreement on a fixed rate, they file a tariff with the US Department of Transportation. Tariffs define the rate, rules, and regulations governing air cargo deliveries for a given carrier or conference. Only when an exporter is charged by a shipper a cost that is beyond the maximum amount specified in the tariff (unless it is under a service contract) will she need to notify a regulatory agency to complain.There are two major types of equipment used in air transport:1.Air cargo containers: These types of containers are loaded by hand or forklift. They come in more than a dozen different styles and sizes.2.Air cargo pallets made of wood or plastic (corrugated plastic is used but not recommended) with netting: These are also loaded by hand or forklift.Which type of equipment you use depends on the type and quantity of the cargo you are shipping. To determine the absolute best way to ship your cargo, always discuss your situation with your transportation company. And don’t forget to find out the distance from your cust omer’s door to the closest seaport or airport. If one delivery destination is closer than the other, you’ll save your customer time but not necessarily money in the case of shipping to the nearest airport, because air cargo can be expensive.The top two considerations when choosing air vs. sea freight are transit time and the cargo itself. It usually takes a product a couple of days to arrive by air, whereas sea freight takes anywhere from twelve to fourteen days. The cargo itself, whether delicate in nature (fine art, for example) or large in size (as is heavy equipment), forces you to make the best decision for your cargo shipment.CautionAlways check with your shipping specialist to verify the pallet requirements for yourdestination country. Some countries, for example, require certain types of wood packaging to be treated with chemicals or heat before being allowed into their country.Ocean TransportShipping by ocean takes much longer than shipping by air, but it is nearly always much less expensive. T hat is why it will generally be your overseas customers’ preferred method of transport. Whereas with air shipment, the greater the volume of your shipment, the more expensive it becomes, with ocean shipment a greater volume of shipment actually decreases the cost. Ocean transport is less simple, though, because it involves many more choices that you may know very little about. These include the choice between terminals, vessel types, container loading options, and so forth. You’ll have to rely on your trans port company to give you advice.When choosing a transport company, you’ll want to find out the following:1.The frequency that the vessels sail2.The transit times3.The reliability measures4.The ports served by steamship line5.The company’s safety record6.The computerization for cargo managementThe last point, computerized cargo management, is vital these days. You want to be able to track your cargo at any given point. If it gets lost, you want to know that the transport company can find it. Cargo management is an important part of the package you offer your customers— so anytime you find a new and better way to serve them in terms of cargo, jump on it.Shopping for an Economical Transport PackageShipping lines—whose vessels are still commonly referred to as “steamships” although the days of steam-powered shipping are long gone— can be classified as either independent or conference. Independent lines tend not to have as many ports of call, which can cause shipping delays. Sometimes, while comparison shopping, you will find an independent line that quotes you a rate that is cheaper than what the conference lines are offering. Howe ver, when using an independent line you can’t be sure of your shipper’s timeliness or reliability. Conference lines, on the other hand, guarantee similar standards and rates. If you can contract with a conference line on an exclusive basis, rates are usually cheaper than, or at least competitive with, those offered by an independent line. The guarantee on rates during a specified period of time is a savings that you can then pass on to your customer or use to pad your own profit margin. Other types of ocean transport companies that have evolved over the years are NVOCCs, or non-vessel-operating common carriers, and shipper’s associations. NVOCCs book space on vessels and then sell the space to shippers with smaller cargoes in smaller-volume units. They consolidate these smaller shipments into container-loads under one bill of lading, and as a result can pass on more favorable rates to the small cargo shipper. You can also take advantage of a larger shipper’s economies of scale to move your smaller loads more cheaply. Shipper’s associations, similarly, were formed to pull together several different shippers’ cargoes to achieve greater volum e and hence lower rates.Don’t forget that ocean and air shipping itself is only part of the transport package you’ll need to assemble. To get your product to an ocean-going vessel for loading, you must also transport your cargo overland by truck or rail. How do you do this without spending an arm and a leg?The most advanced and efficient transport mode currently available to exporters to handle this problem is intermodal transportation. This is a start-to-finish transport package that takes your cargo fro m its point of origin to its point of destination (commonly described as “door -to-door”) under a single bill of lading. It involves the use of at least two different transportation modes— rail and ocean, for example— to cover the overland and overseas movement of the cargo. The company that offers the package is liable for getting the cargo from the point of origin to the final destination, and it will charge you a “through rate” to do so. The rate represents a substantial savings over what it would cost you to engage separate carriers for each leg of the trip. An added bonus: The company can issue a computer-generated bill of lading within hours of the cargo’s receipt at an inland terminal or immediately after the vessel has left port. This means faster turnaround time in collecting payment from your customer. Some intermodal service packages also offer container freight stations, which save you time and drayage (local transportation) costs by bringing their service closer to your door.TipWith the Internet and the advent of e-commerce sales transactions for B-to-C transactions, most international carriers and third-party logistics providers now offer all-inclusive door-to-door landed costs (meaning they include the price of the product, the delivery charge, taxes, duties, customs, and in a currency your shoppers understand) on single-product shipments delivered to a consumer. In 2009, this was unheard of. What a difference five years makes! If you are an exporter of refrigerated commodities, most sophisticated transportation companies can offer cost-efficient transport via refrigerated vehicles. For example, there are railcars equipped with individual generators to ensure the preservation of perishable products during transit. Some companies offer what is ca lled a “motorbridge” (trucking) service to exporters of frozen meat and other perishables, which entails a through transportation rate from the producer’s door to the customer’s door. Other companies offer multipurpose vessels for more cost-effective shipment of noncontainerized cargo, such as tin, tea, equipment, and grain. These vessels are usually smaller in size than those found in a regular containerized ship, allowing them to travel safely through rough seas and narrow channels. They also make the difficult portside dockings at newly industrialized countries easier.It’s imperative to shop around and compare rates to get the best-possible transportation package for your customer. Don’t be shy about questioning a transportation company or freight forwarder at length and in great detail about its service and rates. That is what it is there for, and you don’t owe them anything until after you’ve hired them. Always inquire about the latest and most advanced methods for moving goods overseas. Even as you read this, improvements are underway. Keeping current with the transportation industry will help you offer your customers the most innovative and cost-effective service and equipment options. Break-Bulk and Container LoadingWhat kind of vessel you choose to ship your cargo, and what special handling, loading or storage apparatus, if any, should be used, will depend on the type and quantity of your goods. Here are a variety of common options and techniques for loading your shipment.Break-BulkBetter known as less than container-load, or LTL shipment, break-bulk shipment is the most likely option to be used by new exporters, whose first orders are likely to be small. It allows your customer to test the product in his market before committing to a large quantity, such asa full container-load or more. The shipper can still load the goods into a container, but the container will be delivered to a consolidation point (port of exit) where other shippers’ goods will also be stowed in the container. The advantage of this method is that it allows smaller, low-volume exporters to have their cargo containerized, although it is not as desirable as a sealed door-to-door container, as I will discuss.To control the expense of small-quantity shipment, find a transport company that specializes in break-bulk. Naturally, when you are shipping a small trial order and hoping for repeat business, it will be to your advantage to control your customer’s costs by offering them the best rate possible. When shipping LT L, you’ll need to take extra care in packing and marking your cartons. (I’ll discuss carton marking in greater detail later.) Break-bulk shipments are commonly packed using the following materials:Pallets: Wood pallets must be strong enough to be stacked on racks and reused numerous times.Never let your cartons overhang a pallet. Your whole load might collapse! As previously mentioned, some countries require certain types of wood pallets to be treated with chemicals or heat before allowing the shipment to cross its borders. Check with your transportation specialist.Slipsheets: Used to pull your cargo to the point of loading, these sheets are usually made of fiberboard or plastic. They must be strong enough for the forklift operator to clamp onto and pull. Slipsheets cost less than pallets and eliminate the expense of transporting pallets back to the shipper for reuse. Cartons placed on slipsheets must be cross stacked, shrink-wrapped, or secured with extra-strength strapping.Crates: Wood crates are still popular with some shippers due to their strength and resistance to humidity, at any temperature and at any point in transit.All onboard packing aids should be recyclable or reusable. Use the minimum amount of material necessary to protect your product. Pallets, slipsheets, and crates are loaded using the following methods:Bulk loading by machine or hand (for bulk commodities, for example)Hand loading using individual shipping containers, with or without pallets Unit loading using palleted or slipsheet stacks into containers with forkliftsContainer LoadingShipment by container-load continues to be the preferred method for exporting goods because each container is sealed (allowing it to stay closed from the factory door to the customer’s door), strong, theft resistant, and stackable. Containers are also easy to load and unload; transport by truck, rail, or ship; and store. The only time the container may be opened while in transit is for the customer’s inspection, so the transport of the goods becomes nearly bulletproof concerning safety and pilferage issues.NoteExporting by container continues to grow. According to trade data produced by PIERS, “U.S. containerized exports were up 5 percent in February 2013 compared to February 2012, reaching 1,011,874 20-foot-equivalent units.” PIERS, a database of US waterborne trade activity, says this is the largest year-over-year increase since June 2012, when exports jumped nearly 10 percent.Containers are available in various volumes and in a number of specialized constructions to accommodate various cargo types. Typically, shipping companies provide containers, but youcan also rent or buy them new or used. If you want to do so, try eBay, contact a local shipping company to inquire about used shipping containers, or contact the Container Alliance, a network of portable storage and shipping container providers.A container can cost anywhere from $1,500 (used) to $8,000 (new). Rental costs range from $75 to $295 per month. You can also expect to pay delivery and pickup charges on any of these scenarios. The twenty-foot container, the most popular volume, works well for starting up with exports. The forty-foot container is the second-most popular choice. It’s important to resist the temptation to overload this larger container or you won’t be able to move your cargo over land! For large loads, a forty-five-foot container is an attractive bargain because it gives you a 27 percent increase in interior capacity over the forty-foot unit for the same handling costs. Containers come as large as forty-eight feet, but these are comparatively rare.Just as you conducted market research on where the best market is for your product using a variety of sources, keeping track of where all your exports are going provides a good basis for asking yourself, “Should we be looking at these markets since there are so many containers going to that part of the world?” Take The Journal of Commerce s annual ranking of the top fifty world container ports for 2012). 5Here is a snapshot of the top ten container ports, which shows heavy concentration in China (Asia):The port of Shanghai handled 32.5 million twenty-foot-equivalent container units, considered the busiest container port in the world in 2012.High-cube containers (referred to as HQ; they include twenty-foot, forty-foot, and other measurements) are oftentimes shipped at the same rate as a standard container but offer more cargo space and are typically one foot taller. Garment containers have a movable track system, so that prepressed and prelabeled garments can be shipped on their individual hangers, unloaded, moved right into a showroom, and racked for sale. Open-top containers, designed for awkward, oversize goods, such as heavy equipment, can be loaded from the top by crane. This reduces handling costs. Refrigerated containers come in high-cube and wide-body dimensions and offer temperature-controlled environments that can be monitored by means of an exterior temperature recorder, a central shipboard control, or even satellite transmission. Bulk-hatch containers, used for commodities such as corn and grains, can be loaded from the top or the rear for easy access and minimal handling. Vented containers allow for appropriate ventilation and thus eliminate potential condensation, preventing damage to moisture-sensitive goods like tobacco, spices, and coffee. Flat-rack containers, designed for moving huge goods, such as heavy equipment, lumber, and pipes, can be loaded from the top or the side, thus reducing handling costs. An expandable chassis accommodates a variety of box sizes and allows for easy offloading from ship, to train, to truck.TipIf you are interested in learning more about shipping containers and who invented containerized cargo (hint: an American by the name of Malcolm P. McLean), read the article “The Truck Driver Who Reinvented Shipping,” and try The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger, by Marc Levinson. Both are fascinating reads!Having shown you what’s entailed in getting your shipment underway, I’d like to introduce you to one of my favorite solutions for the shipping phase: the freight forwarder.The Global Freight Forwarder: Your One-Stop Transport ProGlobal freight forwarders serve as all-around transport agents for moving export cargo, typically transporting it from a factory door to your customer’s warehouse or storage facility. Their service saves you lots of time, effort, and anxiety and is available for a very reasonable fee, usually under US$200 per transaction—an e xpense that you’ll include in your price quotation to your customer and recoup when you collect payment. These are just some of the things a freight forwarder will do for you:Handle all shipping arrangements on the basis of your specificationsTake legal responsibility for the shipmentPay up-front costs to move the productArrange for a carrier to arrive at your factory door at a specified date and timeBook space with transportation carriersHandle all documentation and see that it is properly processedArrange insurance, if requestedPresent documents to your bank in a timely fashion to meet your payment terms Suggest or make on-the-spot packing adjustments, if neededMove the product from the factory door to the port of exit, either by common carrier or rail Take responsibility for getting the cargo on the vessel in time to sail on schedule, thus enabling you to meet all the terms and conditions of your payment agreement Monitor the shipment from beginning to end and keep you informed throughout See to it that the shipment arrives safely at the foreign port of entry and proceeds from there, depending on the delivery terms that you quoted to your customerIf you were to undertake the transit of goods yourself, you would probably be overwhelmed by all these logistics, and you would certainly not achieve the savings that forwarders can, given the networks of service providers that they have in place and the volume and frequency of shipping that they do. You can find freight forwarders by conducting a web search using the keywords “Freight forwarders, international transportation” or you can check for listings in trade magazines or other international directories. You should find hundreds of them. In some instances, they will be categorized by the geographic area they serve, the type of commodity in which they specialize, or the transport modes they offer, such as air or ocean—most forwarders offer both. Pick two or three that seem like a good fit for your product and shipping destination. Some may be located near your office or by an airport or port facility that you expect to use often.The Kings and Queens of International Shipping: UPS, FedEx, DHL, and TNT Logistic experts UPS, FedEx, DHL, and TNT have long been considered the best in international shipping. Check with each of these companies in regard to their areas of expertise, including whether they not only ship worldwide but also handle fulfillment needs and collecting payments from customers worldwide.The electronic filing of export information, formerly do ne with the Shipper’s Export Declaration (SED) form, is the system used by US companies to electronically declare exports with the US Census Bureau. The process, now called electronic export information (EEI), is done through AES Direct the filing is required for items valued over $2,500 or on products requiring an export license. Most sophisticated carriers can take care of the electronic filing on your behalf for a small fee and provide options for you to self-file or provide your own company’s completed EEI. Check with each international carrier. Refer for more information.Third-Party Logistics and Fulfillment CentersExporting represents a significant opportunity for online small business retailers. Setting up an e-commerce site automatically puts you in front of a potential 2.4 billion online customers. To service even a fraction of those customers, you’ve got to get up to speed on how to package and ship your products internationally.A third-party logistics company (abbreviated 3PL) provides logistics services for part or all of your supply-chain-management functions. They can warehouse, pack, and ship your products to customers all over the world, for example. Some will even produce or procure goods for you. Many of these services can be scaled and customized to your needs. Further, 3PLs allow you to leverage their industry expertise, achieve volume discounts, and realize other benefits (better carrier rates, for instance). To get up and running, many service providers require you to have a good technology program developer on board to install appropriate applications. Prepare accordingly.NoteTypically with a 3PL, you’ll need to integrate your e-commerce platform closely with that of the 3PL’s provider. Major carriers like UPS and FedEx, for exa mple, offer tools or even application programming interfaces (APIs) that make it possible to calculate the landed cost and integrate shipping tools into your e-commerce platform. Consult with them on how to incorporate their APIs within your existing e-commerce platform.Ask whether your provider can not only calculate the international shipping costs on transactions but handle the fulfillment part on B-to-C transactions as well. Decisions must be made on who will put your product in a box, label it, insert the appropriate commercial invoice (used as a customs declaration form), calculate shipping charges (including tariffs, duties, and taxes), and ensure the product arrives to a customer’s final destination timely, economically, and safely. These are things a 3PL will do for you. It may be worth investigating one or more from the list we will look at to make the fulfillment part of e-commerce easier on yourself and your customers as well. Third-Party SuppliersHere is a short list of third-party suppliers (3PLs) who specialize in helping businesses ship internationally and deal with the customs, tariffs, and currency conversions worldwide. The whole point of using 3PLs is to enable you to reach customers globally and take on new customers by using existing technology systems— all without hiring extra employees.TipSome people shy away from putting all their eggs in one basket. In the case of selling, distributing, and marketing your products worldwide, you might want to consider a master logistics provider that does it all. That way, you develop a strong relationship and achieve efficient distribution with fewer touch points (meaning less people handling your product), letting you focus on perfecting your sales and marketing methods.Simple Methods to Improve Logistics and Boost SalesThere are a few other factors to consider before getting started with international carriers or 3PLs. Here are some steps you can take to improve your international e-commerce results Comparison shop between carriers and the various carrier-shipping-fulfillment options. Saving even pennies on each package you ship internationally can save you big bucks later on, and those savings can boost your bottom line. Use various online calculators (USPS, UPS, orFedEx, for instance) to get an idea of what it might cost to send your package to China as an example of the costs.Audit your shipping and fulfillments costs quarterly. See if you are making or losing money. If you are losing money, switch carriers or take an entirely new approach toward the product you are exporting, the market you are entering, and the carrier you are using.Scrutinize the rates of different carriers to decide whether to opt for a flat-rate price on each package or go by weight or measurement (whichever is greater) on the calculation.To ship free or not to ship free? That is the key question. Free shipping is a growing trend in e-commerce. The most popular offer is free shipping in exchange for a minimum order in dollars. Second to that is free shipping for a limited time only, such as three weeks prior to a Valentine’s Day shipping deadline. I’ve always fallen for the free shipping offers, especially when I need a product and it’s coming from overseas, showing that it does have a positive psychological influence on consumers, resulting in increased sales. If you offer free shipping, make sure you don’t lose money on those sales!SummaryYou now have some guidelines telling you what transport and fulfillment methods are available to get your product to your customer and how to make a cost-effective choice. As you move on to put together a price quotation for your customer, including price per unit, total transport, and incidental charges, you’ll see exactly how valuable working with a good global freight forwarder, logistics expert, or fulfillment company can be in making the sale and delivering the goods. 二、文献综述快递业研究文献综述摘要：近年来，中国快递产业发展迅速，目前已经在中国东部地区形成了以沿海大城市群为中心的区域性快运速递圈。

物流业研究文献综述

物流业发展研究文献综述现代物流业作为与社会化大生产紧密结合的复合型产业，成为衡量一个国家或一个城市现代化程度和综合竞争力的重要标志之一。

物流枢纽城市作为区域物流网络中的关键节点和物流发展的基本载体，对整个区域物流网络的效率作用至关重要。

国外的物流业发展很快，市场成熟度高，理论研究也比较完善。

国外理论研究始于20世纪30年代，主要从“有利于商品销售”的视角来研究物流。

随着20世纪中叶世界经济开始复苏，物流地位显著提高，研究的视角明显扩大，产生出许多新理论、新学说。

其中包括：“黑大陆”说、“第三利润源泉”说和“后勤工程”说。

当前国际研究热点主要在对环境问题和绿色物流的研究、信息技术和智能化运输系统对全球物流产生的影响等几个方面。

国内物流理论研究始于80年代初，主要是侧重于物流学基本概念。

80年代后期和90年代初期，物流理论研究内容开始转为开展专题性研究，一些学者从管理和技术的角度阐述了物流运行原理和运行模式等，出版了《现代物流学》、《流通经济学》、《物流学及其应用》等颇有影响的理论著作。

近期我国物流理论研究主要集中在物流规划技术问题、供应链理论、物流模式问题等几个方面。

我国对物流枢纽建设的研究，经历了以下几个方面的研究：（1）单一运输方式的货运枢纽的建设发展。

一些学者分别对于铁路、道路货运枢纽如何实现向物流中心拓展转型进行了研究。

（2）综合货运枢纽和物流枢纽建设的发展。

以多式联运等理念为基础，充分发挥各种运输方式的优势，提出综合货运枢纽和物流枢纽的概念。

（3）区域、城市物流与经济发展之间的关系。

（4）物流枢纽城市、城市物流系统建设和发展。

2006年“十一五规划纲要”在大力发展现代物流业的专节中提出“加强物流基础设施整合，建设大型物流枢纽，发展区域性物流中心”。

国内许多大城市对“建设大型物流枢纽”的理解是将一些地方的物流中心城市建设为物流枢纽。

（5）物流系统的协同与协调。

协同化管理成为现代物流发展的趋势之一、是物流系统效率提升的关键，当前国内外主要从企业、行业、区域物流三个层次进行研究。

关于国内外绿色物流发展文献综述研究

在国外，美国、欧洲和日本等发达国家和地区在绿色物流方面已经取得了显著进展。这些国家通过推广环保物流理念、研发绿色物流技术和创新管理模式，实现了物流业的低碳、环保和可持续发展。然而，我国绿色物流发展尚处于初级阶段，存在诸多问题。比如，物流系统规划不合理，导致运输和仓储环节浪费严重；物流信息不对称，难以实现资源优化配置；缺乏绿色物流专业人才等。
2、国内外绿色物流发展的政策支持与推动力量
在国外，美国制定了《能源独立和安全法案》等法律法规，推动绿色物流的发展。欧洲通过实施“综合运输政策”等战略，建立了一套完整的绿色物流管理体系。日本政府则通过补贴、税收优惠等措施，鼓励企业开展绿色物流创新。在国内，政府部门也逐渐重视绿色物流的发展，出台了一系列政策措施，如《“十四五”现代物流发展规划》等，旨在推动绿色物流的快速发展。
5、国内外绿色物流发展的趋势和展望
随着科技的不断进步和社会对环保的度提高，国内外绿色物流发展呈现出以下趋势：一是政策支持力度将持续加大；二是绿色技术创新将成为推动绿色物流发展的关键因素；三是绿色物流将与数字经济、人工智能等新兴产业深度融合；四是国际合作将成为推动绿色物流发展的重要途径。
结论
引言
绿色物流是指通过优化物流运作流程，降低环境污染和资源浪费，实现可持续发展的物流活动。在国内外，绿色物流研究得到了广泛，主要是由于其对环境改善和经济社会可持续发展的重要作用。本次演示旨在梳理和总结绿色物流发展的相关文献，为进一步推动绿色物流的发展提供理论依据。
文献综述
1、国内外绿色物流发展的现状和存在的问题
4、国内外绿色物流发展的实践案例分析
在国外，亚马逊公司通过实施绿色物流策略，成功地减少了碳排放和能源消耗。在国内，阿里巴巴集团开展了大规模的绿色物流实践，包括电子面单、菜鸟驿站等项目，有效地减少了纸质面单的使用和最后一公里的配送成本。此外，京东物流也积极推动绿色物流发展，推出了一批环保、高效的配送车辆和无人机配送试点项目。

物流管理系统文献综述和参考文献

物流管理系统文献综述和参考文献国外物流管理系统的发展现状国外发达国家物流服务的拓展物流服务已经逐步将加工、仓储、金融、保险乃至报关、通关、卫检、中转等业务统—进来，把整个货物流通过程作为—个完整的项目来进行通盘考虑。

国外发达国家的物流公司对如物流系统的设计和人工智能在物流决策中的应用等方面都要优于国内，所以我国对物流系统的研究有待改善。

发达国家的物流系统发展已进入了较为成熟的阶段，发展主要表现在物流管理的日益信息化、专业化和合理化。

伴随着互联网的发展，也改变了传统的购物模式，出现了电子商务。

消费者通过网络浏览商品，这种网上购物的方式使消费者能更迅速、准确、全面的了解需求信息，加大了选择范围，节约了逛街时间。

进—步实现最优的生产模式和物流业务。

324672 国内物流系统的状况我国物流管理软件的供应商还不包含国外比较知名的IT商、物流商就有几百家,这些物流管理软件的公司在我国的物流软件市场上积极捞金,创造了很大的经济财富。

但是传统的ERP 以及财务软件厂商依然有很大市场占有率。

上海港虹科技在这个百家争鸣的时代脱颖而出成为了物流软件行业的新锐。

港虹科技通过长期的调研和利用自己敏锐的市场观察力发现,不断发展中的中小货代企业对信息化发展也有很强烈的需求,但是由于其本身资金不充裕,规模较小,使的市场上存在的很多物流软件根本不能满足他们的对信息化的需求。

港虹科技的Route5 海空运国际货运所代理的管理信息系统为这些企业实现信息化创造了可能。

正因为如此,港虹科技被众多企业所认同。

按照物流管理软件厂商背景可以把物流管理软件厂商分为以下几种：源自-六~维"论`文;网(加7位QQ3249`114（1）国内管理软件厂商国内软件管理厂商在财务软件和企业管理软件等方面积累了多年的经验,能够充分了解软件企业的物流过程和业务特点,在产品技术和经验上相比其他软件管理厂商占有不小的优势。

（2）国外物流管理软件品牌论文网国外物流管理软件的代表是 SAP、EXE、i2 等,它们拥有更加成熟的技术,但是不能充分了解国内物流软件企业的关系,对国内物流的现状也不了解,所更缺乏在软件的支持及软件的开发上的全程服务。

《逆向物流发展研究的国内外文献综述2500字》

逆向物流发展研究的国内外文献综述1国外研究现状“逆向物流”一词最早出现在1981年，Stock将其阐述为在相对于正向物流渠的单行道上，向相反方向逆行，但并未形成对逆向物流完备和公认的定义。

Rogers与Tibben在1998年提出，“逆向物流是为了使商品再次获得使用价值，并有效处理各种废物，从运营和成本方面，高效率规划、实施与管控自商品消费处到再制造点的原料、过程库存、产品与相关信息流动的活动。

”是早期相对较为完备的定义，也是迄今为止被广泛认可的关于逆向物流定义的阐述之一。

9Ahmet Ergulen在2015年提出由于不断变化的环境条件，例如与产品有关的不仅限于销售的生产者责任、最终消费者消费后收集产品并使其处于可在供应链中重复使用的状态、自觉处理无法回收的产品、防止废物和建立可持续发展的基础设施，都导致了”逆向物流”的出现。

逆向物流已经成为一个广泛的概念，其应用包括回收使用或再生的产品，再处理这些产品和再处理后的再分配。

Regiani de Campos （2017）研究了逆向物流在制药机构面临的问题，提出逆向物流现在正遵循一种趋势，即它被视为一种竞争优势和潜在收入来源。

[1]这种看法正在从回报成为利润障碍和成本负担的传统转变，逆向物流正在解决的可持续性问题，是拥有生命终止产品的制药组织的受益者。

Zhifang Zhou （2018）将循环经济的价值流分析引入企业逆向物流的成本核算、分析和优化[2] 。

在对逆向物流成本进行核算时，将包括二次污染和回收的环境效益两个方面的外部成本纳入考虑范围，就企业如何优化成本问题，建立逆向物流的成本核算和优化模型，为实现社会、经济、环境协调发展提出建议。

Narayana（2019）提到制药业在供应链活动中越来越多地采用逆向物流做法，以更具可持续性。

然而，由于没有自愿收回搬迁到有需要的市场，限制了反向物流对印度可持续性做法的好处。

由于逆向物流和远期物流流程之间缺乏反馈，产品退货和理赔延误等逆向物流属性的改善不会影响销售，而是减轻了市场洪泛。

中外物流发展文献综述

满分作文中考五篇预测中考满分作文1人生有好有坏。

每个人都总希望自己的人生一帆风顺，但我希望的是艰难、艰辛、幸福，因为经历了那么多的磨难，我会有丰富的经验，知道如何在未来勇敢地克服困难。

生活总是有好有坏。

关键是看你怎么面对。

有些人遇到困难很容易放弃，有些人可以勇敢前进。

我觉得这主要是一种不畏艰难，持之以恒的精神。

我觉得人的一生至少不要留下遗憾，不管有没有成就。

有遗憾的生活是痛苦的。

当你长大了，当你回首过去的时候，你会看到过去的遗憾，而别人却竭尽全力把每件事都做好，这样就不会后悔，这必然会对未来产生影响。

所以，每天上学的路上，我心里总会说：加油，全心全意做好每一件事，不要后悔，不要给自己留遗憾，相信自己，我能行!有人说：谁的人生不留遗憾?我觉得看你怎么想了。

有的人认为努力了就不会后悔失败，有的人认为一方面的成功是不够的。

他们想成为一个完美的人，但是世界上没有完美的人，所以他们感到遗憾。

但是，只要想想自己的成绩，就不会太自责，觉得欣慰。

所以只要带着快乐的心情看待生活，就不会有太多的遗憾。

嘲笑生活是你生活的关键。

只要你带着微笑看待生活，你的生活就不会平淡，平淡，充满遗憾，这样更有利于你更好的生活。

所以，不要让生活留下遗憾。

从现在开始，努力工作，认真对待生活，微笑着看待自己的人生。

你的生活会更好，一个没有遗憾的生活在等着你!中考满分作文2消逝的是有形的生命，永不消逝的是历史残留下来的精神力量，它常常昭示着历史的力量，生命的价值------第一次叫家长，心里不快总是有的，我很愧疚，但后悔当初打架也没有用了。

只好祈祷有好的结局。

忧朦胧的眼睛迟迟不愿意睁开，但脑中的思想已经开始工作，愁欲，无聊永远是难以抹去的黑影。

窗外一阵风吹来，带着忧郁的心情过着时间隧道。

时间老人似乎打了个盹儿。

迟迟不醒。

睁开眼，看着窗外的天空，好象永远是那么狭小无趣。

我忧郁着------愁双眼睁着，但心窗早已关闭;思想着但总是是一些无聊之趣，写着作业，但总是是心不在焉。

《物流企业投资效率研究国内外文献综述4100字》

物流企业投资效率研究国内外文献综述1国内研究综述陈鑫(2020)[1]在《面向中国物流业发展的思考》中客观的描述了我国物流业的发展现状，我国物流业处于行业发展的黄金期，近几年的物流总额持续增长，行业满意度也在提高，但与发达国家相比，物流行业的重点经济指标相距较大，在持续发展的同时也存在深层次的问题。

不仅对物流行业整体发展做出描述，也指出物流行业存在的问题，并给相应对策以及对未来发展趋势的描述国内学者通过多种模型对物流企业的投资效率进行测度。

实证分析中，崔媛，宋君和芮子秋(2020)[2]以19家上市物流公司作为研究对象，采用交叉DEA模型，从投入与产出的角度对2016-2018年的投资效率进行实证研究，认为从总体上看物流上市公司的投资效率在2016-2018年有着明显上升的趋势，但是物流企业之间极差明显，公司投资效率还有很大的提升空间；公司规模大小与投资效率没有明显的对应关系，也有较小的资金与劳动投入但较强的发展，盈利能力的公司投资效率更加高效。

范志国，张少麟(2020)[3]对2017-2019年的我国20家上市企业通过DEA模型进行效率的评价，然后对其运营效率的影响因素通过Tobit模型进行分析。

得出结论：○1我国物流企业综合运营效率地下，连续三年均未突破0.9，但发展趋势较好，连续三年都处于一个稳定的增长状态，但纯技术效率却差强人意。

综合效率地下是由技术效率低下造成的，表明我国物流企业再扩大自己规模的同时要注意质量和效益，注重技术方面的发展。

○2物流企业所在地区贸易总额，物流基础设施建设呈现正向影响，所在地区能源消耗量呈现负面影响，企业上市年限，信息化水平对运营效率影响则不显著，但全为正向影响。

付影俊(2018)[4]结合DEAP2.1软件进行定量分析，通过数学模型对物流企业的经营效率进行综合分析和评价，采用DEA和Malmquist指数等方法对物流企业经营效率进行分析和研究，从不同的方式分析物流企业的经营效率，所得结果比较一致，表明具有较高的准确性。