A rose for Emily中译本赏析,以杨岂深的译本为例
翻译与解析
A Rose for Emily 解读与译赏A Rose for EmilyWilliam Faulkner【原文解读】过去几年一直在讲《英美短篇小说解读与译赏》（自编讲义），每讲一次，对福克纳的这篇小说都有一种新的认识，都有一种翻译的冲动，一旦动笔翻译，便在标题上卡壳了。
但正式决定要试着翻译这篇小说而收集相关评论时，才发现此篇小说早已有人译为《献给爱米丽的玫瑰》。
许多评论家都对此篇小说的主题给出了不同的看法，并找出了各种理由一定要“献给”爱米丽玫瑰。
其最终原因，他们的解读因为根据汉语译文标题《献给爱米丽的玫瑰》。
为什么一定要“献给”爱米丽的玫瑰”呢？爱米丽因为什么而值得“献给”玫瑰呢？这是专家们喜闻乐道、争论不断的话题。
尽管如此，仍然禁不住原文小说的诱惑，也禁不住想亲自动手翻译的冲动。
专家们对小说内容的分析给自己的翻译提供不少的理解上的帮助；他们的论争也同时加深了自己对原文的理解。
此篇小说翻译理解时，参阅过肖明翰博士对此篇小说的研究论文（肖明翰，再谈《献给爱米丽的玫瑰》———答刘新民先生，四川师范大学学报社会科学版2000年1月）。
他认为，此篇小说试图说明杰弗逊镇上的人及其以清教思想为核心的旧传统是造成爱米丽的悲剧的真正原因。
【翻译津要】尽管原文标题有寓意，但寓意如何，因人而已。
不同的人往往会有不同的理解。
这就是为什么不同的学者对这篇小说有不同的解读。
毕竟理解是一种阐释过程，但凡阐释必有主观性，翻译也是一种阐释，也必有译者的主观性。
从翻译的角度和读者的角度，个人感觉标题译为“悲情玫瑰”更好，因为全文中唯一出现rose(玫瑰)的地方是小说的第五部分中(171)A thin, acrid pall as of the tomb seemed to lie everywhere upon this room decked and furnished as for a bridal: upon the valance curtains of faded rose color, upon the rose-shaded lights, upon the dressing table, upon the delicate array of crystal and the man’s toilet things backed with tarnished silver, silver so tarnished that the monogram was obscured.其中rose一共出现过两次：rose color和rose-shaded lights。
ARoseForEmily鉴赏知识分享
Emi l y A Ros e For鉴赏A Rose For EmilyThe short story “A Rose For Emily ” draws a vivid picture of thesouther n tow n Jeffers on of the Un ited States. Though the plot is not complicated, yet it can be regarded as a panorama of Faulkner ' s works. It attr acts readers ' attention successfully and makes us immersed in the whole story. And the ingenious usage of symbolism is a distinctive feature, which makes the story filled with profound implicatio ns. There are several differe nt symbolic subjects in it, such as the house, Miss Emily, Barron Homer and so on. In this thesis, the author tries to discuss them one by one from his point of view.《献给爱米丽的一朵玫瑰花》写得精致、完美；有如大理石上的雕刻图案，含有值得永久纪念的神圣意味。
世界驰名的威廉•福克纳(William Faulk ner) —向以长篇小说震撼世人。
他的《喧哗与骚动》、《押沙龙，押沙龙！》已成为20世纪无可争议的杰作。
意识流的手法娴熟运用，确立了他作品意象迭变、繁复多元的风格。
ARoseforEmily英文分析及简评
“A Rose for Emily” is divided into five sections.The first section opens with a description of the Grierson house in Jefferson. The narrator mentions that over the past 100 years, Miss Emily Grierson’s home has fall into disrepair and become “an eyesore among eyesores.” The first sentence of the story sets the tone of how the citizens of Jefferson felt about Emily: “When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to the funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old manservant – a combined gardener and cook – had seen in at least ten years.”It is known around town that Emily Grierson has not had guests in her home for the past decade, except her black servant who runs errands for her to and from the market. When a new city council takes over, however, they begin to tax her once again. She refuses to pay the taxes and appear before the sheriff, so the city authorities invite themselves into her house. When confronted on her tax evasion, Emily reminds them that she doesn't have to pay taxes in Jefferson and to speak to Colonel Sartoris, although he had died 10 years before.In section two, the narrator explains that the Griersons had always been a very proud Southern family. Mr. Grierson, Emily’s father, believes no man is suitable for his daughter and doesn't allow her to date. Emily is largely dependent upon her father, and is left foundering when he dies. After Mr. Grierson's death, Emily does not allow the authorities to remove his body for three days, claiming he is still alive. She breaks down and allows authorities to take the body away for a quick burial.Section three introduces Emily’s beau, Homer Barron, a foreman from the north. Homer comes to Jefferson with a crew of men to build sidewalks outside the Grierson home. After Emily and Homer are seen driving through town several times, Emily visits a druggist. There, she asks to purchase arsenic. The druggist asks what the arsenic is for since it was required of him to ask by law. Emily does not respond and coldly stares him down until he looks away and gives her the arsenic. When Emily opens the package, underneath the skull and bones sign is written, "For Rats."Citizens of Jefferson believe that Miss Emily is going to commit suicide since Homer has not yet proposed in the beginning of section four. The townspeople contact and invite Emily's two cousins to comfort her. Shortly after their arrival, Homer leaves and then returns after the cousins leave Jefferson. After staying in Jefferson for one night, Homer is never seen again. After Homer’s disappearance, Emily begins to age, gain weight, and is rarely seen outside of her home. Soon, Miss Emily passes away.The fifth and final section begins with Jefferson women entering the Grierson home. After they arrive, Emily's black servant leaves through the back door without saying a word. After Emily's funeral, the townspeople immediately go through her house. They come across a room on the second floor which no one had seen in 40 years, and break the door down. They discover a dusty room strangely decorated as a bridal room. The room contains a man's tie, suit and shoes, and a silver toilet set which Miss Emily had purchased for Homer years before his disappearance. Homer's remains lay on the bed, dressed in a nightshirt. Next to him is an impression of a head on a pillow where the townspeople find a single “long strand of iron-gray hair.” It is thus implied that not only had Emily killed Homer with the arsenic, but also has had an intimate relationship with his corpse up to her own death.简评：Miss Emily met Homer Baron, a foreman with a construction company, when her hometown was first getting paved streets. Her father had already died but, not before driving away her eligible suitors. As rumors circulate about her possible marriage to a Yankee, Homer leaves town abruptly. During his absence, Miss Emily buys rat poison.When Homer returns, the townspeople see him enter Miss Em ily’s house but not leave. Only when she dies do the townspeople discover his corpse on a bed in her house and, next to it, a strand of Miss Emily’s hair.This Gothic plot makes serious points about woman’s place in society. Throughout the story, the reader is aware that these events are taking place during a time of transition: The town is finally getting sidewalks and mailboxes. More important, values are changing. The older magistrates, for example, looked on Miss Emily paternally and refused to collect taxes from her; the newer ones try, unsuccessfully, to do so.Caught in these changing times, Miss Emily is trapped in her role as genteel spinster. Without a husband, her life will have no meaning. She tries to give lessons in painting china but cannot find pupils for this out-of-date hobby and finally discontinues them. If Homer is thinking of abandoning her, as his departure implies, one can understand her desire to clutch at any sort of union, even a marriage in death.The theme is developed through an exceptionally well-crafted story. Told from a third-person plural point of view, it reveals the reactions of the town to Miss Emily. As this “we” narrator shifts allegiance--now criticizing Miss Emily, now sympathizing with her--the reader sees the trap in which she is caught, and the extensive but unobtrusive fores hadowing prepares the reader for the story’s final revelation without detracting from its force.。
A-rose-for-Emily文章赏析
Analysis of "A Rose for Emily"姓名：**** 学号：***** 班级**** Like so many American writers, Faulkner found himself again and again writing short stories, some of which are considered as equally important as his best novels. Good as his short stories are, they seem always at the threshold of being absorbed into the Yoknapatawpha saga — that legendary matrix which is Faulkner’s real achievement. However, for a beginner of Faulkner scholarship, his short stories may well be an easy start. “A Rose for Emily” is Faulkner’s first short story published in 1930. Set in the town of Jefferson in Yoknopatawpha, the story focuses on Emily Grierson, an eccentric spinster who refuses to accept the passage of time, or the inevitable change and loss that accompanies it. Simple as it is in plot, the story is pregnant with meaning. As a descendent of the Southern aristocracy, Emily is typical of those in Faulkner’s Yoknapatwapha stories who are the symbols of the Old South but the prisoners of the past. In this story, Faulkner makes best use of the Gothic devices in narration, and, the deformed personality and abnormality Emily demonstrates in her relationship with her sweetheart is dramatized in such a way that we feel shocked and thrilled as we read along."A Rose for Emily" recounts the story of an eccentric spinster, Emily Grierson. An unnamed narrator details the strange circumstances of Emily’s life and her odd relationships with her father, who controlled and manipulated her, and her lover, the Yankee road worker Homer Barron. When Homer Barron threatens to leave her, she is seen buying arsenic, which the townspeople believe she will commit suicide with. After this, Homer Barron is not heard from again, and is assumed to have returned north. Though she does not commit suicide, the townspeople of Jefferson continue to gossip about her and her eccentricities, citing her family's history of mental illness. She is heard from less and less, and rarely ever leaves her home. Unbeknownst to the townspeople until her death, in her upstairs room she hides all day with the corpse of Homer Barron, which explains the horrid stench that emits from Miss Emily's house.The story’s complexities have inspired critics while casual readers found the work one of Faulkner’s most accessible (and shortest) works. The popularity of the story was due in no small part to its gruesome ending.The story explores many themes, including the society of the South at that time, the role of women in the South, and extreme psychosis.In the story, the townspeople's points of views on Emily actually reflect the society's value at that moment to some extent. Although the townspeople don't have direct contact with Emily, their views on her and her family greatly affect her life. Their praises and admiration influence her father to keep her sheltered longer than she actually needs to be. Her father controls her thoughts and lifestyle. Emily feels that she is released when her father is dead. She dives into love with Homer and neglects people's judgments on her. When she realizes that Homer intends to leave her again, she makes sure that he would always be with her, whether he is alive or not. In his death Emily finds eternal love which is something no one could ever take away from her.William Faulkner regarded the past as a repository of great images of human effort and integrity, but also as the source of a dynamic evil. He was aware of the romantic pull of the past and realized that submission to this romance of the past was a form of death (Warren, 269). In "A Rose for Emily", Faulkner contrasted the past with the present era. The past was represented in Emily herself, in Colonel Sartoris, in the old Negro servant, and in the Board of Alderman who accepted the Colonel's attitude toward Emily and rescinded her taxes.The present was expressed chiefly through the words of the unnamed narrator. The new Board of Aldermen, Homer Barron (the representative of Yankee attitudes toward the Griersons and thus toward the entire South), and in what is called "the next generation with its more modern ideas" all represented the present time period (Norton Anthology, 2044). Miss Emily was referred to as a "fallen monument" in the story (Norton Anthology, 2044). She was a "monument" of Southern gentility, an ideal of past values but fallen because she had shown herself susceptible to death (and decay). The description of her house "lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps--an eyesore among eyesores" represented a juxtaposition of the past and present and was an emblematic presentation of Emily herself.I. The Symbol of Miss Emily.In this short story, Miss Emily is a static character who refused to believe that the times were changing and refused to change into the new society. As a Mississippi Southern Belle, she was born and raised in a wonderful state. She is considered a “monument” of southern manners and an ideal of past values. Her southern heritage and points of view are represented through her actions. Her stubbornness and unrelenting attitude are very strong characteristics of the southern heritage, so Emily symbolizes the old southern tradition; her death symbolizes the collapse of the old southern traditionⅡ. The Symbol of the House.In this short story, Faulkner applies symbolism to compare the Grierson house with Emily’s physical deterioration, her shift in social standing, and her unwillingness to accept changing. When compared chronologically, it is used to symbolize Emily’s physical attributes. And Faulkner also sets the house as a symbol for Emily’s change in social status. When Miss Emily died, her and her house both become symbols of their dying generation.Ⅲ. The Symbol of Rose.William Faulkner’s symbolic use of the “rose” is essential to the story’s theme of Miss Emily’s self-isolation. The rose is often a symbol of love, and portrays an everlasting beauty. And for Emily, the “rose” clearly defines something sacred. It is symbolizes the love between Emily and Homer Barron, and Homer Barron was Emily’s only “rose”.Ⅳ. The Symbol of the Small Town.Most of Faulkner’s works are set in the American South with his emphasis on the southern subjects and consciousness. In the short story, the small town does not only reveal the social and economic history of Yoknapatawpha Country, but also symbolizes the social and economic history of the south.Ⅴ. The Symbol of Homer Barron.Homer Barron who came from the north represented the Yankee attitudes toward the Griersons and also toward the entire south. He was very adaptable to change. So he symbolizes the north and the next generation with its more modern ideas.Ⅵ. The Symbol of the Negro-Tobe.Although Faulkner doesn’t write a lot about him, he is not a nobody. Because of the slavery system, Tobe lives a walking corpse life and spends his time quietly. He has no freedom of speech and action, so he talked to no one, probably not even to Emily, for his voice had grown harsh and rusty, as if from disuse. As matter of fact, we can say, the Negro suffered from aphasia under the long pressure. And only after Emily died, did the Negro become freemen. So Emily’s death symbolizes the collapse of the old tradition, and the disappearance of Tobe symbolizes the disintegration of Keeping Slavery System.。
a rose for emily解读与译赏
a rose for emily解读与译赏《A Rose for Emily》是美国作家威廉·福克纳的短篇小说，被认为是福克纳最杰出的作品之一。
这个故事揭示了一位孤独的南方女性艾米丽·格里森的生活，以及她与社会的冲突和疏离感。
故事以艾米丽的葬礼开始，随后回溯到她生前的往事。
艾米丽是一个古怪而孤立的人物，她居住在一个受到时间遗忘的南方小镇，被当地人视为传奇。
她的父亲在她年轻的时候过世，使得她变得孤独和隐居。
她与一个北方建筑师霍默·巴伦的关系引起了镇上人的不满和猜疑，但他们之间的真实情况始终是个谜。
艾米丽的生活充满了秘密和谜团，她甚至杀害了她的恋人霍默并将他的尸体保存在一个密封的房间中。
这种行为揭示了她的精神崩溃和对时间的无法接受。
她试图保存过去的美好时光，但却无法逃脱时间的流逝。
作者通过描写艾米丽的故事，深入探讨了社会和传统观念对个体的压迫和破坏。
这个故事中的玫瑰象征着美好的过去和爱情。
艾米丽失去了父亲和她的恋人，她试图保留他们的存在并抵抗时间的消逝。
她在封闭的世界里过着与现实隔绝的生活，就像一个被遗忘的花朵。
然而，随着时间的推移，玫瑰凋谢了，就像艾米丽最终被时间所击败。
《A Rose for Emily》是福克纳对南方社会的批判，揭示了社会对个人的限制和破坏力量。
艾米丽代表着被压迫和被孤立的个体，她的悲剧反映了整个社会体系的腐败和堕落。
通过描写艾米丽的故事，福克纳呈现了一个关于时间、孤独和爱的复杂而深刻的图景。
总之，《A Rose for Emily》是一部充满象征主义和深度的文学作品，通过描述一个女性的孤独和精神崩溃，揭示了社会对个体的压迫和摧毁。
福克纳通过这个故事，向读者展示了一个关于时间、爱和社会的不公的悲剧。
ARoseforEmily书评
ARoseforEmily书评第一篇：A Rose for Emily书评Book Review of A Rose for Emily--The Conflicts between Old and New A Rose for Emily is a masterpiece written by William Faulkner with sort of Gothic style.This short story is too abundant to penetrate completely.Therefore, I would like choose a perspective—the conflicts between old and new to discuss about.Change is a natural rule as same as life and death.While, at the beginning of the new thing emerging, the old generation always defenses the ancient tradition with total efforts.In this short story, Emily is a symbol of old traditions of South.She sticks to her family honor and turns down everything fresh.We can see that from these typical conflicts I select below.The first conflict—tax affair was appeared in para.5.At the first sentence ―when the next generation, with its more modern ideas… this arrangement created some little dissatisfaction.‖ The new generation can’t permit Emily to be free from taxes.They invoked the challenge, ―they mailed her a tax‖, while the old fought back—―and there was no reply‖.In the fires round, the new generation got a disappointment.Then in para.6, the second round started.The government set up a special meeting to save their first failure.Finally, they decided to dispatch a deputation to persuade Emily face to face.―Knocked at the door through which no visitors had passed since eight or ten years earlier‖ illuminates that the hostess of this house eludes the historic revolution.It was the old Negro not Emily herself who handled their reception.Next, the description of Emily’s house makes people feel creep.―It smelled of dust and disuse‖ ―It was furnished in heavy, leather-covered furniture‖ ―the leather wascracked‖ etc.Especially, a profound ―stood‖ in the last sentence when picturing the crayon portrait of Emily’s father illustrates that the old thoughts were still alive.Para.7 has the first appearance of Emily.―They rose when she entered.‖ They ―rose‖ may be out of their respect to the old cultural Emily stood for, or may be because they were surprised by Emily’s appearance.―a small, fat woman in black‖ ―a thin gold chain descending to her waist and vanishing into her belt‖ shows that she hated changing.―She looke d bloated, like a body long submerged in motionless water‖ This magical sketch makes people’s hair stand on the end.The old thoughts were degrading but the old warrior didn’t vanish.Para.8 exposes Emily’s distasteful attitude towards new thoughts.―She did not ask them to sit.‖ The ―just‖ explains the absolute arrogance ofEmily, it causes that ―the spokesman came to a stumbling halt‖.Although the conflict hadn’t started yet, Emily occupied the superiority.Para9—15 is a fierce argument between Emily and depu tation.―Her voice was dry and cold‖.The repetition of ―I have no taxes in Jefferson‖ accounts for the ―dry‖ and ―I received a paper, yes‖ ―Perhaps he considers himself the sheriff‖ and ―See Colonel Sartoris‖ ―Show these gentlemen out‖ demonstrates the ―cold‖.―dry‖ and ―cold‖ also mean that she despises newfangled stuffs.Para.16 is a transition.In first conflict, ―she vanquished them, horse and foot‖, then it naturally leads into the second conflict ―she had vanquished their fathers thirty years before and the smell.Chronologically, the second conflict happened earlier than the first.Para.17 gives the background of ―the smell‖ affair –―her father’s death‖ ―her sweetheart went away.‖ These two disasters create suspense to readers.What’s the relationship betwee n them and ―the smell‖?Para.18—22, the author drug out ―the smell‖ affair from women’s complaints.―the mayor‖ who was ―eighty years old‖ expressed his incapability—―what will you have me do about it?‖ The mayor is also aprotector of old generation.Therefore, he made a negative decision on handling ―the smell‖ problem.Para23—25, town people showed their dissatisfaction again.―One from a man who came in different deprecation‖ narrates his fear towards the judge.―One younger man, a member of the rising generation‖ made a more powerful utterance.Obviously, Judge Stevens disliked ―the younger man’s‖ bold tone, so he said ―Dammit, sir‖ to disapproved of him.Para.26 says how the town people solved the ―smell‖ problem.Without the endorsement from government, four men determined to handle this difficulty by themselves.From the view of a long distance away, they were ―like burglars‖ ―sniffing along the base of the brickwork‖ ―one of them performed a regular sowing motion.‖ Until now, readers might understand what they doing were.Suddenly, the author cuts shot closer.―a window that had been dark was delighted and Miss Emily sat in it…her upright torso motionless as that of an idol.‖ This portrait of Emily truly scares me.She saw the invasion of someone else, perhaps she has already collapsed mentally, and hence she did nothing but sat like a stone.In this conflict, the new generation won.After all, ―after a week or two the smell went away‖.Besides the occurrence I analyzed above, the love tragedy between Emily and Homer Barron also can be considered as the consequence of the conflict between North and South.In this novel, Emily symbolizes the South, old and tradition, the Yankee represents the North, new and modern.Both young guys might be interested in each other when they first meet.But they possessaltogether different values or concept of lives.So they inevitably separated before long.The conflict between the two partners symbolizes the conflict between the South and the North.And the absurd murder aggravates the contradictions.When I finished reading the story, a sincere sympathy emerges in my mind.Emily is totally a tragedy of the old traditions.She is a prisoner of the past, of the social and moral taboos of the South.In our daily life, everything is changing everyday.As an individual, we can only adapt ourselves to the protean environment and should learn to accept new things.In the war of ―new against old‖, the former always is the winner by the test of history.第二篇：书评书评范文（一）——《菜根谭》书评一个非常非常平凡的人，写了一部让历史永远不能忘却的奇书，那就是《菜根谭》。
A-rose-for-Emily赏析
A-rose-for-Emily赏析Ⅰ.Introduction“A Rose for Emily”is a classic story representing Faulkner’s favorite subject, theme and style. The story is set in the town of Jefferson in his imaginary Yoknapatawpha County, the “mythical kingdom”. The story begins w ith a funeral of the eponymous Miss Emily. It does not follow a particular order of chronological time. The narration flows backwards or forwards in a line of reality, revealing significant details of Emily’s life and the murder of the Homer Barron by Emily, which are suspended till the end of the story. The narrative is also divided into five parts, allowing for flexible shifts in time and displays of Emily’s image at various stages of her life. Through the story about Emily, the author tries to pinpoint an unavoidable fate of the aristocracy and various changes in the South America after the Civil War.In this story, Emily Grierson, the main character, is a victim. Dominated by her father and his rigid ideas of social status, she has been prevented from ma rrying during her lifetime. One year after her father’s death, she falls in love with a northerner. When she finds that her lover is not going to get married with her, she poisons him so that she can keep him with her forever. Though the plot of the story is not complicated, yet it can be considered as a minor program of his works. In it are examples of Faulkner’s artistic preoccupations and techniques: the exploration of psychological reality, the social structure and mores of a southern community, the nature of time, and the relation of the past to the present. This paper will approach the story from the following aspects: analysis of Emily’s character, the root causes of her characters and her destiny.Ⅱ.Analysis of Emily’s charactersEmily is the main character, the protagonist of the story. In this story, the author mainly focuses and reveals the main characte r—Emily. In order to analyze Emily’s character, some question s have at first to be answered: What type is this story or what kind of theme this story plans to reveal? Whenanswering these questions, it becomes much easier to analyze her character. Miss Emily is kind of quiet and perverse, proud and aloof, haughty, brave and tough, a representative of traditional convention and so forth. The followings are going to expatiate on them.2.1 Miss Emily’s haughty characterAt the very first, Emily is easy to be regarded as a haughty woman. In the story, the writer not only reveals the abnormal phenomenon of Emily’s grotesque character and her ill-sexed psychology, but also lively portrays her as a strong figure of haughtiness. Miss Emily Grierson is the socialite of her town. Naturally with this status there is a certain reputation she has to withhold. She not only represented her family name but, in a sense the people of her town. Because she was such a dominant figure the townspeople had put her on a pedestal and were very attentive to her actions. During the time in which her father was alive Emily was seen as a figure to be admired but never touched. Many wooers she had but according to her father’s standard, none were suitable enough.2.2 Miss Emily’s isolated and eccentric characterBesides, Miss Emily is isolated and eccentric. From the whole story, there is no doubt that she was an isolated one from the beginning of the story to the surprising end. All her life is the town people’s topic after meals.They regard her as a monster. And because of her family, in particular, her father, she nearly get separated from her neighbors, which adds more pressure to her personal affairs to fall in love with the Yankee, HomerBarron, which, at last, creates the tragedy. On the other hand, she is eccentric at the same time. When the men from the government want to tax her after her father’s death, but they are refused by Emily. The reason is quite simple, that is, when her father is alive, in Jefferson, they need not to pay taxes. She just tells the government that she has no taxes in Jefferson. What she said was the matter several years ago. And there was once a man called Colonel Sartoris explained it to her about her tax-free privilege. She does not respect the truth, that is, her so-called Colonel died ten years ago and new policy comes into practice. The narrator arranges the specific detail on her behavior of buying Arsenic. The druggist can not imagine her purpose in buying the poison and just thinks that she might use it for rat and such things. Miss Emily just stares at him, her head tilts back in order to look him eye for eye, until he looks away and goes and gets the arsenic and wraps it up for her. How strange and eccentric she is. She does not allow anyone to ask about her matter, even though it is a dangerous affair which is forbidden by law.2.3 Miss Emily’s necrophiliaMiss Emily is a necrophilia, too. Greatly surprised at the sight of the last paragraph of Faulkner’s short-story “A Rose for Emily”, the town people findthat Miss Emily is not only a murderer, but also sleeps with Homer Barron after she kills him. Then it is noticed that in the second pillow is the indentation of a head. One of the townspeople lifts something from it, and leans forward, finding the faint and invisible dust dry and acrid in the nostrils, and a long strand of iron-gray hair. Horribly, she kills her lover and sleeps next to him for a long time until being found out. As for the whole passage, the narrator refuses to dismiss Emily as simply mad or to treat her life as merely a grotesque, sensational horror story.Instead, his narrative method broughtus into her life before we hastilyrejected her, and doing so offered us acomplex imaginative treatment of fiercedetermination and strength coupledwith illusions and shockingeccentricities.42.4 Miss Emily’s braveness and toughnessShe is brave and tough as well. As a woman, Emily is normal. She just tries her best to pursue her happiness. In this story, the most attractive part for a great number of people is Emily’s brave pursuit of love. Only after her father’s death, she begins to have the right to love. “In the summer after her father’s death, she has her hair cut short and looks like a little girl. Soon she falls in love with Homer, who is a Yankee, a northerner and a day labor as well.” She holds her head high in her dignity as she is the last Grierson of her family though the townspeople think she has fallen because she is with a man who is different from her. However, Emily’s love affair is not affected by the townspeople and her two female cousins’ interference. What’s more,Ⅲ.Intrinsic and extrinsic Reasons3.1 Intrinsic reasons3.1.1 FamilyIt is her family, especially her father that influences her so much. Emily, the heroine in the story, is a victim. Dominated by her father and his rigid ideas of social status, she has been prevented from marrying during his life time and therefore after his death, she is left alone and penniless. Her dependence on her father continues even after he dies; she refuses to bury him and keep his portrait in a prominent place in her living room. Emily not only clings to her father’s memory, she also begins to assume his domineering traits. She does not accept the passage of time and changes or the inevitable loss that accompanies it. It is not just pathetic attempts to cling to the past, it develops into obsession and finally, homicidal mania. Rather than lose Homer as she lost her father, she kills him in order to keep him. She lives many years as a recluse. Abnormal characters are easy to form when under such strong pressure. It is Emily’s family that ruins her life and then Homer’s.3.1.2 PhysiologyEmily’s typical characters are cause by another important reason, namely, the physiological one. From Freud Sigmund’s narration, there are three conceptions which are connected to the analysis needed to understand, that is, Id, Ego, and Super-ego.They are the three parts of the fictive “psychic apparatus” defined in Freud’s so-called structural model of the psyche; they are thethree theoretical constructs in terms of whose activity and interaction mental life is described. According to this model, the uncoordinated instinctual trends are the “id”; the organized realistic part of the psyche is the “ego”, and the critical and moralizing function the “super-ego”. The Id comprises the unorganized part of the personality structure that contains the basic drives. The Id is unconscious by definition.6 Id is human’s first reaction when human physiological needs happen, which is also an unorganized phenomenon. Miss Emily just tries her best to chase her happiness as other normal women do. From this angle, Miss Emily has the right to fall in love with Homer and to have their own family. What she has done is within the common practice. However, a lot of elements result in the tragic sequel. It is she that can not grasp the physiological element and causes her unhappy or even miserable destiny.3.1.3 Pathology and psychologyThere is another important intrinsic reason, that is pathological and psychological one. From her behavior to her father Mr. Drieson, she is complete Elctra Comlex(恋父情结). She lived with her father when Mr. Grieson was alive, without communicating with others. Mr. Grieson controlled her whole life completely, which is the root that causes Miss Emily’s tragedy and Homer’s. What is more, Emily’s father drove away all the young men who were going to chase his daughter for the reason that he just wanted to hold Emily for himself. In Emily’s sub-consciousness, her father is her lover. It is this kind of abnormalpsychology that influences the formation of Emily’s abnormal characters. In Emily’s eyesight, losing her father amounts to losing her lover. And that means she will be alone from that time on. Therefore, she refuses to bury her father even though he has been dead for several days. And at last she kills her own lover just in order to keep him with her.3.2 Extrinsic reasonsWhen referred to intrinsic reasons, it is easy to think of extrinsic reasons causing Miss Emily’s characters and her destiny. What is more, the extrinsic reasons play a crucial role on her which worth of researching here.3.2.1 Cultural traditionCultural tradition makes great impact on Emily’s characters and the tragedy. Faulkner was aware of the Southerners’ association with the South tradition，not only physical，but spiritual as well; so he took pains to picture a group of Southerners who desperately submitted to the old way of life．But as an artist of the twentieth century, he observed the gradual changes of the South: the old veterans were dying of, and the old loyalties were adjusted to conform to new conditions．In “A Rose for Emily”,Faulkner described the conflicts between the old tradition and the new order, and the doomed defeat of the old tradition．Emily lived in her big and squarish frame house, which Grierson family thought the great choice. But her house was on its way to “coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps. And the once most select street which was filled with houses decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled balconies in the heavily l ightsome style of the seveties”was then encroached and obliterated by garages and cotton gins. Faulkner admired somewhat the merits of the South tradition—the compassion and humanity men like Colonel Sartoris and his peer s–inherited forced them to tell a kind lie toEmily so as to look after the single lady without insulting her dignity．But only a man of Colonel Sartoris’generation and thought could have invented it. The moral values of the South tradition were lost．The new generation of public officials may be more efficient and businessman-like. They were more practical; the next generation，with its more modern ideas，produced some little dissatisfaction with the hereditary obligation upon the town. but the old generation like Judge Stevens totally objected to the idea for it was shameful to let others know that such noble lady had smell on her faces. The conflicts between the old generation and the new one indicated the decline of the Southern tradition．Faulkner believed that it was the moral values—courage，honor，pride，compassion，liberty and justice that produced the glorious Southern kingdom，but the new generation lost the virtues，thus losing its faith and force．The loss of the South tradition and the appearance of the North industrialization caused not only the devastation of the Southern plantation system, but also the macabre disillusionment to the Southern descendants. They were reared in the ways of the traditional South, vividly taught the beliefs and the loyalties of the tradition as the South knew them．Whereas，they saw that world changing into another kind and they were themselves of that new changed world，yet apart from it．Faulkner revealed with intensity the rootless of the Southern descendants．They witnessed that the Northern industrialization penetrated the South, but their inherited Southern aristocracy forbade their acceptance of the new order of life．They stubbornly objected to the invasion of the northern way of life, but in vain．So the Southern descendants had to suffer from the loneliness and bitterness of separating from the new world．The disillusionment of the Southerners was wel1 revealed in the portrayal of Emily, which is a symbol that Emily’s characters form ed and caused her tragic end. For Miss Emily, she holds a firm conception that the Southern tradition or her family system is some sort of superiority. Therefore, when another new system－the Northern one comes into being, she just can not accept the truth and does some deeds to resist it and prote ct her “perfect one”. It is such behaviors and traditions that makes her abnormal characters.3.2.2 Social elementAnother extremely crucial factor for Emily’s characters to form is the social element. Here it mainly refers to the environment—the Jefferson community around her. For the townspeople, Grieson family never choose a northerner, a day labor. They think even though Emily is sad, she can not forget that she is a noble. They seem to be Emily’s new father after her father died. They try to control Emily on her love affair. When Emily and Homer appear together, they talk about them with scornful expression. However, the community’s opposition does not influence Emily’s persistent love with Homer. If the townspeople give up at this moment, the result of Emily may be much better. But, instead the opposition becomes further intensified. A priest gets in and fails. Then come Emily’s two far-distance cousins. From the writer’s viewpoint in the story, Miss Emily has been much better when she fall love in Homer. But the social environment pushes her to the edge of an abnormal woman again and again.Ⅳ.DestinyShe refused to release her father’s body for burial，and kept his portrait in a prominent place in her living room：She refused to cooperate with modernization in the tax-paying service, answering the tax notice “on paper of an archaic shape, in a thin, flowing calligraphy in faded ink…”Her clinging to the past developed into such obsession and homicidal mania that she killed Homer Barron when she knew he would not marry her. So she killed him and kept the body，From Emily’s tragic end and Faulkner’s other characters，we can see the portentous disillusionment of the Southern descendants in the transitional period．“They isolated themselves from the actual society, so what they could do was only to miss the past desperately until at last they died with deep agony.”9Consequently, Miss Emily suffered great pressure from the society, her family tradition, her relatives and community’s nonchalance etc. on her personal affair which finally caused her to die. Nonetheless, nobody paid much attention to whether she was alive or dead. Poor Emily is a character of misery. She is the sacrificial lamb of her time.Ⅴ.ConclusionEmily was respected as a monument by to wnspeople. Emily’s resistance is heroic. Her tragic flaw is the conventional pride: she undertook to regulate the natural time- universe. She acted as though death did not exist, as though she could retain her unfaithful love by poisoning her lover and holding his physical body in a world which had all of the appearances of reality except that most necessary of all things- life. Because Homer died, he couldn’t marry Miss Emily, then the monument continued to exist in the south people. In fact, the two generations ignored the real Emily, and create and maintain the myth of Emily as an example of southern womanhood from a last age. The writer uses the comic technique to disclose the conflict between south and north. This conflict cannot easily be solved at that time. Instead, it does great harm to Emily doomed destiny.In the above passage, Miss Emily’s characters are analyzed from different dimensions. At first, her behavior shows that she is a haughty, isolated and eccentric, necrophilia but brave and tough woman. Her characters are complex and to some extent ambivalent. From the intrinsic and extrinsic reasons above, it is known that Emily tragic destiny is doomed to happen at last.An analysis of "A Rose for Emily"William Faulkner regarded the past as a repository of great images of human effort and integrity, but also as the source of a dynamic evil. He was aware of the romantic pull of the past and realized that submission to this romance of the past was a form of death (Warren, 269). In "A Rose for Emily", Faulkner contrasted the past with the present era. The past was represented in Emily herself, in Colonel Sartoris, in the old Negro servant, and in the Board of Alderman who accepted the Colonel's attitude toward Emily and rescinded her taxes. The present was expressed chiefly through the words of the unnamed narrator. The new Board of Aldermen, Homer Barron (the representative of Yankee attitudes toward the Griersons and thus toward the entire South), and in what is called "the next generation with its more modern ideas" all represented the present time period. Miss Emily was referred to as a "fallen monument" in the story. She was a "monument" of Southern gentility, an ideal of past values but fallen because she had shown herself susceptible to death (and decay). The description of her house "lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps--an eyesore among eyesores" represented a juxtaposition of the past and present and was an emblematic presentation of Emily herself (Norton Anthology, 2044).The house smells of dust and disuse and has a closed, dank smell. A description of Emily in the following paragraph discloses her similarity to the house. "She looked bloated like a body long submerged in motionless water, and of that palled hue". But she had not always had that appearance. In the picture of a young Emily with her father, she was frail and apparently hungering to participate in the life of the era. After her father's death, she looked like a girl "with a vague resemblance to those angels in colored church windows--sort of tragic and serene". This suggests that she had already begun her entrance into the nether-world.By the time the representatives of the new, progressive Board of Aldermen waited on her concerning her delinquent taxes, she had already completely retreated to her world of the past. She declared that she had no taxes in Jefferson, basing her belief on a verbal agreement made with Colonel Sartoris, who had been dead for ten years. Just as Emily refused to acknowledge the death of her father, she now refused to recognize the death of Colonel Sartoris. He had given his word and according to the traditional view, his word knewno death. It is the past pitted against the present--the past with its social decorum, the present with everything set down in "the books."We can further see this distinction in the attitude of Judge Stevens, who was over eighty years old, and the young man (a member of the rising generation) who came to the judge regarding the smell at Emily's house. For the young man, it was easy to point out the health regulations that were on the books. But for the judge dealing with the situation it was not so simple. "Dammit, sir...will you accuse a lady to her face of smelling bad?" (Norton Anthology, 2045). If Homer had triumphed in seducing Emily and deserting her, Emily would have become susceptible to the town's pity, therefore becoming human.Emily's world, however, was already in the past. When she was threatened with desertion and disgrace, she not only took refuge in that world but also took Homer with her in the only manner possible--death. Miss Emily's position in regard to the specific problem of time was suggested in the scene where the old soldiers appear at her funeral. There are two perspectives of time held by the characters. The first perspective (the world of the present) views time as a "mechanical progression" in which the past is a "diminishing road" (Norton Anthology, 2049). The second perspective (the world of tradition and the past) views the past as "a huge meadow which no winter ever quite touches, divided from them now by the narrow bottleneck of the most recent decade of years" (Norton Anthology, 2049). The first perspective was that of Homer and the modern generation. The second was that of the older members of the Board of Aldermen and of the confederate soldiers. Emily held the second view as well, except that for her there was no bottleneck dividing her from the meadow of the past.Emily's room above the stairs was that timeless meadow. In it, the living Emily and the dead Homer remained together as though not even death could separate them. In the simplest sense, the story says that death conquers all. But what is death? On one level, death is the past, tradition, whatever is opposite of the present (Hoffman, 265). In the setting of this story, it is the past of the South in which the retrospective survivors of the Civil War deny changing the customs and the passage of time.Homer Barron, the Yankee, lived in the present, ready to take his pleasure and depart, apparently unwilling to consider the possibility of defeat neither by tradition (the Griersons) nor by time itself (death).In a sense, Emily conquered time, but only briefly and by retreating into her "rose-tinted" world of the past. This was a world in which death was denied at the same time that it was shown to have existed. Such retreat, the story implies, is hopeless since everyone, even Emily, was finally subject to death and to the invasion of his or her world by the clamorous and curious inhabitants of the world of the present. "When Miss Emily died, [the] whole town went to her funeral...the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old manservant...had seen in at least ten years" (Norton Anthology, 2044).艾米丽小姐大多数时候隐藏在情节里。
A_rose_for_Emily赏析
Ⅰ、Introduction“A Rose for Emily”is a classic story representing Faulkner’s favorite subject, theme and style、The story is set in the town of Jefferson in his imaginary Yoknapatawpha County, the “mythical kingdom”、The story begins with a funeral of the eponymous Miss Emily、It does not follow a particular order of chronological time、The narration flows backwards or forwards in a line of reality, revealing significant details of Emily’s life and the murder of the Homer Barron by Emily, which are suspended till the end of the story、The narrative is also divided into five parts, allowing for flexible shifts in time and displays of Emily’s image at various stages of her life、Through the story about Emily, the author tries to pinpoint an unavoidable fate of the aristocracy and various changes in the South America after the Civil War、In this story, Emily Grierson, the main character, is a victim、Dominated by her father and his rigid ideas of social status, she has been prevented from marrying during her lifetime、One year after her father’s death, she falls in love with a northerner、When she finds that her lover is not going to get married with her, she poisons him so that she can keep him with her forever、Though the plot of the story is not complicated, yet it can be considered as a minor program of his works、In it are examples of Faulkner’s artistic preoccupations and techniques: the exploration of psychological reality, the social structure and mores of a southern community, the nature of time, and the relation of the past to the present、This paper will approach the story from the following aspects: analysis of Emily’s character, the root causes of her characters and her destiny、Ⅱ、Analysis of Emily’s charactersEmily is the main character, the protagonist of the story、In this story, the author mainly focuses and reveals the main characte r—Emily、In order to analyze Emily’s character, some question s have at first to be answered: What type is this story or what kind of theme this story plans to reveal? When answering these questions, itbecomes much easier to analyze her character、Miss Emily is kind of quiet and perverse, proud and aloof, haughty, brave and tough, a representative of traditional convention and so forth、The followings are going to expatiate on them、2、1Miss Emily’s haughty characterAt the very first, Emily is easy to be regarded as a haughty woman、In the story, the writer not only reveals the abnormal phenomenon of Emily’s grotesque character and her ill-sexed psychology, but also lively portrays her as a strong figure of haughtiness、Miss Emily Grierson is the socialite of her town、Naturally with this status there is a certain reputation she has to withhold、She not only represented her family name but, in a sense the people of her town、Because she was such a dominant figure the townspeople had put her on a pedestal and were very attentive to her actions、During the time in which her father was alive Emily was seen as a figure to be admired but never touched、Many wooers she had but according to her father’s standard, none were suitable enough、2、2 Miss Emily’s isolated and eccentric characterBesides, Miss Emily is isolated and eccentric、From the whole story, there is no doubt that she was an isolated one from the beginning of the story to the surprising end、All her life is the town people’s topic after meals、They regard her as a monster、And because of her family, in particular, her father, she nearly get separated from her neighbors, which adds more pressure to her personal affairs to fall in love with the Yankee, Homer Barron, which, at last, creates the tragedy、On the other hand, she is eccentric at thesame time、When the men from the government want to tax her after her father’s death, but they are refused by Emily、The reason is quite simple, that is, when her father is alive, in Jefferson, they need not to pay taxes、She just tells the government that she has no taxes in Jefferson、What she said was the matter several years ago、And there was once a man called Colonel Sartoris explained it to her about her tax-free privilege、She does not respect the truth, that is, her so-called Colonel died ten years ago and new policy comes into practice、The narrator arranges the specific detail on her behavior of buying Arsenic、The druggist can not imagine her purpose in buying the poison and just thinks that she might use it for rat and such things、Miss Emily just stares at him, her head tilts back in order to look him eye for eye, until he looks away and goes and gets the arsenic and wraps it up for her、How strange and eccentric she is、She does not allow anyone to ask about her matter, even though it is a dangerous affair which is forbidden by law、2、3 Miss Emily’s necrophiliaMiss Emily is a necrophilia, too、Greatly surprised at the sight of the last paragraph of Faulkner’s short-story “A Rose for Emily”, the town people find that Miss Emily is not only a murderer, but also sleeps with Homer Barron after she kills him、Then it is noticed that in the second pillow is the indentation of a head、One of the townspeople lifts something from it, and leans forward, finding the faint and invisible dust dry and acrid in the nostrils, and a long strand of iron-gray hair、Horribly, she kills her lover and sleeps next to him for a long time until being found out、As for the whole passage, the narrator refuses to dismiss Emily as simply mad or to treat her life as merely a grotesque, sensational horror story、Instead, his narrative method brought us into her life before we hastily rejectedher, and doing so offered us a complex imaginative treatment of fiercedetermination and strength coupled with illusions and shocking eccentricities、4 2、4 Miss Emily’s braveness and toughnessShe is brave and tough as well、As a woman, Emily is normal、She just tries her best to pursue her happiness、In this story, the most attractive part for a great number of people is Emily’s brave pursuit of love、Only after her father’s death, she begins to have the right to love、“In the summer after her father’s death, she has her hair cut short and looks like a little girl、Soon she falls in love with Homer, who is a Yankee, a northerner and a day labor as well、” She holds her head high in her dignity as she is the last Grierson of her family though the townspeople think she has fallen because she is with a man who is different from her、However, Emily’s love affair is not affected by the townspeople and her two female cousins’ interference、What’s more,Ⅲ、Intrinsic and extrinsic Reasons3、1 Intrinsic reasons3.1.1 FamilyIt is her family, especially her father that influences her so much、Emily, the heroine in the story, is a victim、Dominated by her father and his rigid ideas of social status, she has been prevented from marrying during his life time and therefore afterhis death, she is left alone and penniless、Her dependence on her father continues even after he dies; she refuses to bury him and keep his portrait in a prominent place in her living room、Emily not only clings to her father’s memory, she also begins to assume his domineering traits、She does not accept the passage of time and changes or the inevitable loss that accompanies it、It is not just pathetic attempts to cling to the past, it develops into obsession and finally, homicidal mania、Rather than lose Homer as she lost her father, she kills him in order to keep him、She lives many years as a recluse、Abnormal characters are easy to form when under such strong pressure、It is Emily’s family that ruins her life and then Homer’s、3.1.2 PhysiologyEmily’s typical characters are cause by another important reason, namely, the physiological one、From Freud Sigmund’s narration, there are three conceptions which are connected to the analysis needed to understand, that is, Id, Ego, and Super-ego、They are the three parts of the fictive “psychic apparatus” defined in Freud’s so-called structural model of the psyche; they are the three theoretical constructs in terms of whose activity and interaction mental life is described、According to this model, the uncoordinated instinctual trends are the “id”; the organized realistic part of the psyche is the “ego”, and the critical and moralizing function the “super-ego”、The Id comprises the unorganized part of the personality structure that contains the basic drives、The Id is unconscious by definition、6Id is human’s first reaction when human physiological needs happen, which is also an unorganized phenomenon、Miss Emily just tries her best to chase her happiness as other normal women do、From this angle, Miss Emily has the right to fall in love with Homer and to have their own family、What she has done is within the common practice、However, a lot of elements result in the tragic sequel、It is she that can not grasp the physiological element and causes her unhappy or even miserable destiny、3.1.3 Pathology and psychologyThere is another important intrinsic reason, that is pathological and psychological one、From her behavior to her father Mr、Drieson, she is complete Elctra Comlex(恋父情结)、She lived with her father when Mr、Grieson was alive, without communicating with others、Mr、Grieson controlled her whole life completely, which is the root that causes Miss Emily’s tragedy and Homer’s、What is more, Emily’s father drove away all the young men who were going to chase his daughter for the reason that he just wanted to hold Emily for himself、In Emily’s sub-consciousness, her father is her lover、It is this kind of abnormal psychology that influences the formation of Emily’s abnormal characters、In Emily’s eyesight, losing her father amounts to losing her lover、And that means she will be alone from that time on、Therefore, she refuses to bury her father even though he has been dead for several days、And at last she kills her own lover just in order to keep him with her、3、2 Extrinsic reasonsWhen referred to intrinsic reasons, it is easy to think of extrinsic reasons causing Miss Emily’s characters and her destiny、What is more, the extrinsic reasons play a crucial role on her which worth of researching here、3.2.1 Cultural traditionCultural tradition makes great impact on Emily’s characters and the tragedy、Fa ulkner was aware of the Southerners’ association with the South tradition,not only physical,but spiritual as well; so he took pains to picture a group of Southerners who desperately submitted to the old way of life.But as an artist of the twentieth century,he observed the gradual changes of the South: the old veterans were dying of, and the old loyalties were adjusted to conform to new conditions.In “A Rose for Emily”,Faulkner described the conflicts between the old tradition and the new order, and the doomed defeat of the old tradition.Emily lived in her big and squarish frame house, which Grierson family thought the great choice、But her house was on its way to “coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps、And the once most select street which was filled with houses decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled balconies in the heavily l ightsome style of the seveties” was then encroached and obliterated by garages and cotton gins、Faulkner admired somewhat the merits of the South tradition—the compassion and humanity men like Colonel Sartoris and his peer s–inherited forced them to tell a kind lie to Emily so as to look after the single lady without insulting her dignity.But only a man of Colonel Sartoris’ generation and thought could have invented it、The moral values of the South tradition were lost.The new generation of public officials may be more efficient and businessman-like、They were more practical; the next generation,with its more modern ideas,produced some little dissatisfaction with the hereditary obligation upon the town、but the old generation like Judge Stevens totally objected to the idea for it was shameful to let others know that such noble lady had smell on her faces、The conflicts between the old generation and the new one indicated the decline of the Southern tradition.Faulkner believed that it was the moral values—courage,honor,pride,compassion,liberty and justice that produced the glorious Southern kingdom,but the new generation lost the virtues,thus losing its faith and force.The loss of the South tradition and the appearance of the North industrialization caused not only the devastation of the Southern plantation system, but also the macabre disillusionment to the Southern descendants、They were reared in the ways of the traditional South, vividly taught the beliefs and the loyalties of the tradition as the South knew them.Whereas,they saw that world changing into another kind and they were themselves of that new changed world,yet apart from it.Faulkner revealed with intensity the rootless of the Southern descendants.They witnessed that the Northern industrialization penetrated the South, but their inherited Southernaristocracy forbade their acceptance of the new order of life.They stubbornly objected to the invasion of the northern way of life, but in vain.So the Southern descendants had to suffer from the loneliness and bitterness of separating from the new world.The disillusionment of the Southerners was wel1 revealed in the portrayal of Emily, which is a symbol that Emily’s characters form ed and caused her tragic end、For Miss Emily, she holds a firm conception that the Southern tradition or her family system is some sort of superiority、Therefore, when another new system－the Northern one comes into being, she just can not accept the truth and does some deeds to resist it and protect her “perfect one”、It is such behaviors and traditions that makes her abnormal characters、3.2.2 Social elementAnother extremely crucial factor for Emily’s characters to form is the social element、Here it mainly refers to the environment—the Jefferson community around her、For the townspeople, Grieson family never choose a northerner, a day labor、They think even though Emily is sad, she can not forget that she is a noble、They seem to be Emily’s new father after her father died、They try to control Emily on her love affair、When Emily and Homer appear together, they talk about them with scornful expression、However, the community’s opposition does not influence Emily’s persistent love with Homer、If the townspeople give up at this moment, the result of Emily may be much better、But, instead the opposition becomes further intensified、A priest gets in and fails、Then come Emily’s two far-distance cousins、From the writer’s viewpoint in the story, Miss Emily has been much better when she fall love in Homer、But the social environment pushes her to the edge of an abnormal woman again and again、Ⅳ、DestinyShe refused to release her father’s body for burial,and kept his portrait in a prominent place in her living room: She refused to cooperate with modernization inthe tax-paying service, answering the tax notice “on paper of an archaic shape, in a thin, flowing calligraphy in faded ink…”Her clinging to the past developed into such obsession and homicidal mania that she killed Homer Barron when she knew he would not marry her、So she killed him and kept the body, From Emily’s tragic end and Faulkner’s other characters, we can see the portentous disillusionment of the Southern descendants in the transitional period.“They isolated themselves from the actual society, so what they could do was only to miss the past desperately until at last they died with deep agony、”9Consequently, Miss Emily suffered great pressure from the society, her family tradition, her relatives and community’s nonchalance etc、on her personal affair which finally caused her to die、Nonetheless, nobody paid much attention to whether she was alive or dead、Poor Emily is a character of misery、She is the sacrificial lamb of her time、Ⅴ、ConclusionEmily was respected as a monument by townspeople、Emily’s resistance is heroic、Her tragic flaw is the conventional pride: she undertook to regulate the natural time- universe、She acted as though death did not exist, as though she could retain her unfaithful love by poisoning her lover and holding his physical body in a world which had all of the appearances of reality except that most necessary of all things- life、Because Homer died, he couldn’t marry Miss Emily, then the monument continued to exist in the south people、In fact, the two generations ignored the real Emily, and create and maintain the myth of Emily as an example of southern womanhood from a last age、The writer uses the comic technique to disclose the conflict between south and north、This conflict cannot easily be solved at that time、Instead, it does great harm to Emily doomed destiny、In the above passage, Miss Emily’s characters are analyzed from different dimensions、At first, her behavior shows that she is a haughty, isolated and eccentric, necrophilia but brave and tough woman、Her characters are complex and to someextent ambivalent、From the intrinsic and extrinsic reasons above, it is known that Emily tragic destiny is doomed to happen at last、An analysis of "A Rose for Emily"William Faulkner regarded the past as a repository of great images of human effort and integrity, but also as the source of a dynamic evil、He was aware of the romantic pull of the past and realized that submission to this romance of the past was a form of death (Warren, 269)、In "A Rose forEmily", Faulkner contrasted the past with the present era、The past was represented in Emily herself, in Colonel Sartoris, in the old Negro servant, and in the Board of Alderman who accepted the Colonel's attitude toward Emily and rescinded her taxes、The present was expressed chiefly through the words of the unnamed narrator、The new Board of Aldermen, Homer Barron (the representative of Yankee attitudes toward the Griersons and thus toward the entire South), and in what is called "the next generation with its more modern ideas" all represented the present time period、Miss Emily was referred to as a"fallen monument" in the story、She was a "monument" of Southern gentility, an ideal of past values but fallen because she had shown herself susceptible to death (and decay)、The description of her house "lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps--an eyesore among eyesores" represented a juxtaposition of the past and present and was an emblematic presentation of Emily herself (Norton Anthology, 2044)、The house smells of dust and disuse and has a closed, dank smell、A description of Emily in the following paragraph discloses her similarity to the house、"She looked bloated like a body long submerged in motionless water, and of that palled hue"、But she had not always had that appearance、In the picture of a young Emily with her father, she was frail and apparently hungering to participate in the life of the era、After her father's death, she looked like a girl "with a vague resemblance to thoseangels in colored church windows--sort of tragic and serene"、This suggests that she had already begun her entrance into the nether-world、By the time the representatives of the new, progressive Board of Aldermen waited on her concerning her delinquent taxes, she had already completely retreated to her world of the past、She declared that she had no taxes in Jefferson, basing her belief on a verbal agreement made with Colonel Sartoris, who had been dead for ten years、Just as Emily refused to acknowledge the death of her father, she now refused to recognize the death of Colonel Sartoris、He had given his word and according to the traditional view, his word knew no death、It is the past pitted against the present--the past with its social decorum, the present with everything set down in "the books、"We can further see this distinction in the attitude of Judge Stevens, who was over eighty years old, and the young man (a member of the rising generation) who came to the judge regarding the smell at Emily's house、For the young man, it was easy to point out the health regulations that were on the books、But for the judge dealing with the situation it was not sosimple、"Dammit, sir、、、will you accuse a lady to her face of smelling bad?" (Norton Anthology, 2045)、If Homer had triumphed in seducing Emily and deserting her, Emily would have become susceptible to the town's pity, therefore becoming human、Emily's world, however, was already in the past、When she was threatened with desertion and disgrace, she not only took refuge in that world but also took Homer with her in the only manner possible--death、Miss Emily's position in regard to the specific problem of time was suggested in the scene where the old soldiers appear at her funeral、There are two perspectives of time held by the characters、The first perspective(the world of the present) views time as a "mechanical progression" in which the past is a "diminishing road" (Norton Anthology, 2049)、The second perspective (the world of tradition and the past) views the past as "a huge meadow which no winter ever quite touches, divided from them now by the narrow bottleneck of the most recent decade of years" (Norton Anthology, 2049)、The first perspective was that of Homer and the moderngeneration、The second was that of the older members of the Board ofAldermen and of the confederate soldiers、Emily held the second view as well, except that for her there was no bottleneck dividing her from the meadow of the past、Emily's room above the stairs was that timeless meadow、In it, the living Emily and the dead Homer remained together as though not even death could separate them、In the simplest sense, the story says that death conquers all、But what is death? On one level, death is the past, tradition, whatever is opposite of the present (Hoffman, 265)、In the setting of this story, it is the past of the South in which the retrospective survivors of the Civil War deny changing the customs and the passage of time、Homer Barron, the Yankee, lived in the present, ready to take his pleasure and depart, apparently unwilling to consider the possibility of defeat neither by tradition (the Griersons) nor by time itself (death)、In a sense, Emily conquered time, but only briefly and by retreating into her "rose-tinted" world of the past、This was a world in which death was denied at the sametime that it was shown to have existed、Such retreat, the story implies, is hopeless since everyone, even Emily, was finally subject to death and to the invasion of his or her world by the clamorous and curious inhabitants of the world of the present、"When Miss Emily died, [the] whole town went toher funeral、、、the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of herhouse, which no one save an old manservant、、、had seen in at least ten years" (Norton Anthology, 2044)、艾米丽小姐大多数时候隐藏在情节里。
从对南方形象的塑造看《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》的两个中译本—以杨岂深和刘洋译本为例
从对南方形象的塑造看《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》的两个中译本—以杨岂深和刘洋译本为例摘要：威廉·福克纳的短篇小说《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》中呈现出了作者本人难以割舍的南方情节。
本文试从翻译角度入手，从景物描写和人物描写两方面进行探讨和对比，分析两个中文译本对这篇短篇小说中南方形象的塑造。
关键词：威廉·福克纳；《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》；南方形象；翻译对比；引言威廉·福克纳是美国20世纪文坛的代表性人物之一，也是南方文学的代表性人物。
他出生于一个没落种植园主家庭，时值美国内战之后社会经济、政治发生变革，美国南方的奴隶主种植园经济制度和黑奴制度被废除，资本主义工业文明的进一步发展对美国南方长久以来的思想、文化传统以及生活方式造成了剧烈冲击，以至于人们一时之间难以接受和适应，仍然在遵守旧的社会文化传统。
在这种环境下，美国南方的作家书写了这种现实与思想之间的冲突，展现了他们难以割舍的南方情节，福克纳就是其中的代表性作家之一。
南方文学传统的基本成分都存在于福克纳作品中，并形成他创作的基调，使他的作品具有鲜明的南方性（肖，1996：76）.《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》是威廉·福克纳久负盛名的短篇小说，延续了福克纳作品中一贯的南方情节，塑造了艾米丽·格里尔森这一令人扼腕的人物。
作者在小说中多处描写了南方式的庄园形象和人物形象，借助艾米丽这一悲剧性人物的塑造展现了对南方的复杂情感。
这篇短篇小说在中国被翻译成了多个不同版本，各版本对于原文中南方形象的再现有着不同的表现方式，本文将选取杨岂深和刘洋两位译者的译本进行对比分析，探讨这两个译本在塑造小说中南方形象的不同之处。
一、景物描写在小说《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》中有多处景物描写，这些景物描写围绕这艾米丽小姐家的旧庄园，展现出对南方旧传统的怀念。
在小说一开始便有对艾米丽小姐的屋子的描述：那是一幢过去漆成白色的四方形大木屋……带有浓厚的轻盈气息……只有爱米丽小姐的屋子岿然独存，四周簇拥着棉花车和汽油泵。
A_rose_for_Emily赏析
Ⅰ、Introduction“A Rose for Emily”is a classic story representing Faulkner’s favorite subject, theme and style、The story is set in the town of Jefferson in his imaginary Yoknapatawpha County, the “mythical kingdom”、The story begins with a funeral of the eponymous Miss Emily、It does not follow a particular order of chronological time、The narration flows backwards or forwards in a line of reality, revealing significant details of Emily’s life and the murder of the Homer Barron by Emily, which are suspended till the end of the story、The narrative is also divided into five parts, allowing for flexible shifts in time and displays of Emily’s image at various stages of her life、Through the story about Emily, the author tries to pinpoint an unavoidable fate of the aristocracy and various changes in the South America after the Civil War、In this story, Emily Grierson, the main character, is a victim、Dominated by her father and his rigid ideas of social status, she has been prevented from marrying during her lifetime、One year after her father’s death, she falls in love with a northerner、When she finds that her lover is not going to get married with her, she poisons him so that she can keep him with her forever、Though the plot of the story is not complicated, yet it can be considered as a minor program of his works、In it are examples of Faulkner’s artistic preoccupations and techniques: the exploration of psychological reality, the social structure and mores of a southern community, the nature of time, and the relation of the past to the present、This paper will approach the story from the following aspects: analysis of Emily’s character, the root causes of her characters and her destiny、Ⅱ、Analysis of Emily’s charactersEmily is the main character, the protagonist of the story、In this story, the author mainly focuses and reveals the main characte r—Emily、In order to analyze Emily’s character, some question s have at first to be answered: What type is this story or what kind of theme this story plans to reveal? When answering these questions, itbecomes much easier to analyze her character、Miss Emily is kind of quiet and perverse, proud and aloof, haughty, brave and tough, a representative of traditional convention and so forth、The followings are going to expatiate on them、2、1Miss Emily’s haughty characterAt the very first, Emily is easy to be regarded as a haughty woman、In the story, the writer not only reveals the abnormal phenomenon of Emily’s grotesque character and her ill-sexed psychology, but also lively portrays her as a strong figure of haughtiness、Miss Emily Grierson is the socialite of her town、Naturally with this status there is a certain reputation she has to withhold、She not only represented her family name but, in a sense the people of her town、Because she was such a dominant figure the townspeople had put her on a pedestal and were very attentive to her actions、During the time in which her father was alive Emily was seen as a figure to be admired but never touched、Many wooers she had but according to her father’s standard, none were suitable enough、2、2 Miss Emily’s isolated and eccentric characterBesides, Miss Emily is isolated and eccentric、From the whole story, there is no doubt that she was an isolated one from the beginning of the story to the surprising end、All her life is the town people’s topic after meals、They regard her as a monster、And because of her family, in particular, her father, she nearly get separated from her neighbors, which adds more pressure to her personal affairs to fall in love with the Yankee, Homer Barron, which, at last, creates the tragedy、On the other hand, she is eccentric at thesame time、When the men from the government want to tax her after her father’s death, but they are refused by Emily、The reason is quite simple, that is, when her father is alive, in Jefferson, they need not to pay taxes、She just tells the government that she has no taxes in Jefferson、What she said was the matter several years ago、And there was once a man called Colonel Sartoris explained it to her about her tax-free privilege、She does not respect the truth, that is, her so-called Colonel died ten years ago and new policy comes into practice、The narrator arranges the specific detail on her behavior of buying Arsenic、The druggist can not imagine her purpose in buying the poison and just thinks that she might use it for rat and such things、Miss Emily just stares at him, her head tilts back in order to look him eye for eye, until he looks away and goes and gets the arsenic and wraps it up for her、How strange and eccentric she is、She does not allow anyone to ask about her matter, even though it is a dangerous affair which is forbidden by law、2、3 Miss Emily’s necrophiliaMiss Emily is a necrophilia, too、Greatly surprised at the sight of the last paragraph of Faulkner’s short-story “A Rose for Emily”, the town people find that Miss Emily is not only a murderer, but also sleeps with Homer Barron after she kills him、Then it is noticed that in the second pillow is the indentation of a head、One of the townspeople lifts something from it, and leans forward, finding the faint and invisible dust dry and acrid in the nostrils, and a long strand of iron-gray hair、Horribly, she kills her lover and sleeps next to him for a long time until being found out、As for the whole passage, the narrator refuses to dismiss Emily as simply mad or to treat her life as merely a grotesque, sensational horror story、Instead, his narrative method brought us into her life before we hastily rejectedher, and doing so offered us a complex imaginative treatment of fiercedetermination and strength coupled with illusions and shocking eccentricities、4 2、4 Miss Emily’s braveness and toughnessShe is brave and tough as well、As a woman, Emily is normal、She just tries her best to pursue her happiness、In this story, the most attractive part for a great number of people is Emily’s brave pursuit of love、Only after her father’s death, she begins to have the right to love、“In the summer after her father’s death, she has her hair cut short and looks like a little girl、Soon she falls in love with Homer, who is a Yankee, a northerner and a day labor as well、” She holds her head high in her dignity as she is the last Grierson of her family though the townspeople think she has fallen because she is with a man who is different from her、However, Emily’s love affair is not affected by the townspeople and her two female cousins’ interference、What’s more,Ⅲ、Intrinsic and extrinsic Reasons3、1 Intrinsic reasons3.1.1 FamilyIt is her family, especially her father that influences her so much、Emily, the heroine in the story, is a victim、Dominated by her father and his rigid ideas of social status, she has been prevented from marrying during his life time and therefore afterhis death, she is left alone and penniless、Her dependence on her father continues even after he dies; she refuses to bury him and keep his portrait in a prominent place in her living room、Emily not only clings to her father’s memory, she also begins to assume his domineering traits、She does not accept the passage of time and changes or the inevitable loss that accompanies it、It is not just pathetic attempts to cling to the past, it develops into obsession and finally, homicidal mania、Rather than lose Homer as she lost her father, she kills him in order to keep him、She lives many years as a recluse、Abnormal characters are easy to form when under such strong pressure、It is Emily’s family that ruins her life and then Homer’s、3.1.2 PhysiologyEmily’s typical characters are cause by another important reason, namely, the physiological one、From Freud Sigmund’s narration, there are three conceptions which are connected to the analysis needed to understand, that is, Id, Ego, and Super-ego、They are the three parts of the fictive “psychic apparatus” defined in Freud’s so-called structural model of the psyche; they are the three theoretical constructs in terms of whose activity and interaction mental life is described、According to this model, the uncoordinated instinctual trends are the “id”; the organized realistic part of the psyche is the “ego”, and the critical and moralizing function the “super-ego”、The Id comprises the unorganized part of the personality structure that contains the basic drives、The Id is unconscious by definition、6Id is human’s first reaction when human physiological needs happen, which is also an unorganized phenomenon、Miss Emily just tries her best to chase her happiness as other normal women do、From this angle, Miss Emily has the right to fall in love with Homer and to have their own family、What she has done is within the common practice、However, a lot of elements result in the tragic sequel、It is she that can not grasp the physiological element and causes her unhappy or even miserable destiny、3.1.3 Pathology and psychologyThere is another important intrinsic reason, that is pathological and psychological one、From her behavior to her father Mr、Drieson, she is complete Elctra Comlex(恋父情结)、She lived with her father when Mr、Grieson was alive, without communicating with others、Mr、Grieson controlled her whole life completely, which is the root that causes Miss Emily’s tragedy and Homer’s、What is more, Emily’s father drove away all the young men who were going to chase his daughter for the reason that he just wanted to hold Emily for himself、In Emily’s sub-consciousness, her father is her lover、It is this kind of abnormal psychology that influences the formation of Emily’s abnormal characters、In Emily’s eyesight, losing her father amounts to losing her lover、And that means she will be alone from that time on、Therefore, she refuses to bury her father even though he has been dead for several days、And at last she kills her own lover just in order to keep him with her、3、2 Extrinsic reasonsWhen referred to intrinsic reasons, it is easy to think of extrinsic reasons causing Miss Emily’s characters and her destiny、What is more, the extrinsic reasons play a crucial role on her which worth of researching here、3.2.1 Cultural traditionCultural tradition makes great impact on Emily’s characters and the tragedy、Fa ulkner was aware of the Southerners’ association with the South tradition,not only physical,but spiritual as well; so he took pains to picture a group of Southerners who desperately submitted to the old way of life.But as an artist of the twentieth century,he observed the gradual changes of the South: the old veterans were dying of, and the old loyalties were adjusted to conform to new conditions.In “A Rose for Emily”,Faulkner described the conflicts between the old tradition and the new order, and the doomed defeat of the old tradition.Emily lived in her big and squarish frame house, which Grierson family thought the great choice、But her house was on its way to “coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps、And the once most select street which was filled with houses decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled balconies in the heavily l ightsome style of the seveties” was then encroached and obliterated by garages and cotton gins、Faulkner admired somewhat the merits of the South tradition—the compassion and humanity men like Colonel Sartoris and his peer s–inherited forced them to tell a kind lie to Emily so as to look after the single lady without insulting her dignity.But only a man of Colonel Sartoris’ generation and thought could have invented it、The moral values of the South tradition were lost.The new generation of public officials may be more efficient and businessman-like、They were more practical; the next generation,with its more modern ideas,produced some little dissatisfaction with the hereditary obligation upon the town、but the old generation like Judge Stevens totally objected to the idea for it was shameful to let others know that such noble lady had smell on her faces、The conflicts between the old generation and the new one indicated the decline of the Southern tradition.Faulkner believed that it was the moral values—courage,honor,pride,compassion,liberty and justice that produced the glorious Southern kingdom,but the new generation lost the virtues,thus losing its faith and force.The loss of the South tradition and the appearance of the North industrialization caused not only the devastation of the Southern plantation system, but also the macabre disillusionment to the Southern descendants、They were reared in the ways of the traditional South, vividly taught the beliefs and the loyalties of the tradition as the South knew them.Whereas,they saw that world changing into another kind and they were themselves of that new changed world,yet apart from it.Faulkner revealed with intensity the rootless of the Southern descendants.They witnessed that the Northern industrialization penetrated the South, but their inherited Southernaristocracy forbade their acceptance of the new order of life.They stubbornly objected to the invasion of the northern way of life, but in vain.So the Southern descendants had to suffer from the loneliness and bitterness of separating from the new world.The disillusionment of the Southerners was wel1 revealed in the portrayal of Emily, which is a symbol that Emily’s characters form ed and caused her tragic end、For Miss Emily, she holds a firm conception that the Southern tradition or her family system is some sort of superiority、Therefore, when another new system－the Northern one comes into being, she just can not accept the truth and does some deeds to resist it and protect her “perfect one”、It is such behaviors and traditions that makes her abnormal characters、3.2.2 Social elementAnother extremely crucial factor for Emily’s characters to form is the social element、Here it mainly refers to the environment—the Jefferson community around her、For the townspeople, Grieson family never choose a northerner, a day labor、They think even though Emily is sad, she can not forget that she is a noble、They seem to be Emily’s new father after her father died、They try to control Emily on her love affair、When Emily and Homer appear together, they talk about them with scornful expression、However, the community’s opposition does not influence Emily’s persistent love with Homer、If the townspeople give up at this moment, the result of Emily may be much better、But, instead the opposition becomes further intensified、A priest gets in and fails、Then come Emily’s two far-distance cousins、From the writer’s viewpoint in the story, Miss Emily has been much better when she fall love in Homer、But the social environment pushes her to the edge of an abnormal woman again and again、Ⅳ、DestinyShe refused to release her father’s body for burial,and kept his portrait in a prominent place in her living room: She refused to cooperate with modernization inthe tax-paying service, answering the tax notice “on paper of an archaic shape, in a thin, flowing calligraphy in faded ink…”Her clinging to the past developed into such obsession and homicidal mania that she killed Homer Barron when she knew he would not marry her、So she killed him and kept the body, From Emily’s tragic end and Faulkner’s other characters, we can see the portentous disillusionment of the Southern descendants in the transitional period.“They isolated themselves from the actual society, so what they could do was only to miss the past desperately until at last they died with deep agony、”9Consequently, Miss Emily suffered great pressure from the society, her family tradition, her relatives and community’s nonchalance etc、on her personal affair which finally caused her to die、Nonetheless, nobody paid much attention to whether she was alive or dead、Poor Emily is a character of misery、She is the sacrificial lamb of her time、Ⅴ、ConclusionEmily was respected as a monument by townspeople、Emily’s resistance is heroic、Her tragic flaw is the conventional pride: she undertook to regulate the natural time- universe、She acted as though death did not exist, as though she could retain her unfaithful love by poisoning her lover and holding his physical body in a world which had all of the appearances of reality except that most necessary of all things- life、Because Homer died, he couldn’t marry Miss Emily, then the monument continued to exist in the south people、In fact, the two generations ignored the real Emily, and create and maintain the myth of Emily as an example of southern womanhood from a last age、The writer uses the comic technique to disclose the conflict between south and north、This conflict cannot easily be solved at that time、Instead, it does great harm to Emily doomed destiny、In the above passage, Miss Emily’s characters are analyzed from different dimensions、At first, her behavior shows that she is a haughty, isolated and eccentric, necrophilia but brave and tough woman、Her characters are complex and to someextent ambivalent、From the intrinsic and extrinsic reasons above, it is known that Emily tragic destiny is doomed to happen at last、An analysis of "A Rose for Emily"William Faulkner regarded the past as a repository of great images of human effort and integrity, but also as the source of a dynamic evil、He was aware of the romantic pull of the past and realized that submission to this romance of the past was a form of death (Warren, 269)、In "A Rose forEmily", Faulkner contrasted the past with the present era、The past was represented in Emily herself, in Colonel Sartoris, in the old Negro servant, and in the Board of Alderman who accepted the Colonel's attitude toward Emily and rescinded her taxes、The present was expressed chiefly through the words of the unnamed narrator、The new Board of Aldermen, Homer Barron (the representative of Yankee attitudes toward the Griersons and thus toward the entire South), and in what is called "the next generation with its more modern ideas" all represented the present time period、Miss Emily was referred to as a"fallen monument" in the story、She was a "monument" of Southern gentility, an ideal of past values but fallen because she had shown herself susceptible to death (and decay)、The description of her house "lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps--an eyesore among eyesores" represented a juxtaposition of the past and present and was an emblematic presentation of Emily herself (Norton Anthology, 2044)、The house smells of dust and disuse and has a closed, dank smell、A description of Emily in the following paragraph discloses her similarity to the house、"She looked bloated like a body long submerged in motionless water, and of that palled hue"、But she had not always had that appearance、In the picture of a young Emily with her father, she was frail and apparently hungering to participate in the life of the era、After her father's death, she looked like a girl "with a vague resemblance to thoseangels in colored church windows--sort of tragic and serene"、This suggests that she had already begun her entrance into the nether-world、By the time the representatives of the new, progressive Board of Aldermen waited on her concerning her delinquent taxes, she had already completely retreated to her world of the past、She declared that she had no taxes in Jefferson, basing her belief on a verbal agreement made with Colonel Sartoris, who had been dead for ten years、Just as Emily refused to acknowledge the death of her father, she now refused to recognize the death of Colonel Sartoris、He had given his word and according to the traditional view, his word knew no death、It is the past pitted against the present--the past with its social decorum, the present with everything set down in "the books、"We can further see this distinction in the attitude of Judge Stevens, who was over eighty years old, and the young man (a member of the rising generation) who came to the judge regarding the smell at Emily's house、For the young man, it was easy to point out the health regulations that were on the books、But for the judge dealing with the situation it was not sosimple、"Dammit, sir、、、will you accuse a lady to her face of smelling bad?" (Norton Anthology, 2045)、If Homer had triumphed in seducing Emily and deserting her, Emily would have become susceptible to the town's pity, therefore becoming human、Emily's world, however, was already in the past、When she was threatened with desertion and disgrace, she not only took refuge in that world but also took Homer with her in the only manner possible--death、Miss Emily's position in regard to the specific problem of time was suggested in the scene where the old soldiers appear at her funeral、There are two perspectives of time held by the characters、The first perspective(the world of the present) views time as a "mechanical progression" in which the past is a "diminishing road" (Norton Anthology, 2049)、The second perspective (the world of tradition and the past) views the past as "a huge meadow which no winter ever quite touches, divided from them now by the narrow bottleneck of the most recent decade of years" (Norton Anthology, 2049)、The first perspective was that of Homer and the moderngeneration、The second was that of the older members of the Board ofAldermen and of the confederate soldiers、Emily held the second view as well, except that for her there was no bottleneck dividing her from the meadow of the past、Emily's room above the stairs was that timeless meadow、In it, the living Emily and the dead Homer remained together as though not even death could separate them、In the simplest sense, the story says that death conquers all、But what is death? On one level, death is the past, tradition, whatever is opposite of the present (Hoffman, 265)、In the setting of this story, it is the past of the South in which the retrospective survivors of the Civil War deny changing the customs and the passage of time、Homer Barron, the Yankee, lived in the present, ready to take his pleasure and depart, apparently unwilling to consider the possibility of defeat neither by tradition (the Griersons) nor by time itself (death)、In a sense, Emily conquered time, but only briefly and by retreating into her "rose-tinted" world of the past、This was a world in which death was denied at the sametime that it was shown to have existed、Such retreat, the story implies, is hopeless since everyone, even Emily, was finally subject to death and to the invasion of his or her world by the clamorous and curious inhabitants of the world of the present、"When Miss Emily died, [the] whole town went toher funeral、、、the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of herhouse, which no one save an old manservant、、、had seen in at least ten years" (Norton Anthology, 2044)、艾米丽小姐大多数时候隐藏在情节里。
福克纳小说献给艾米丽的玫瑰a rose for emily赏析
福克纳小说献给艾米丽的玫瑰a rose for emily赏析《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》是菲利普·威廉斯·福克纳写于1930年作品中的一篇短篇小说，融合了悲剧、哀思、爱情和时代话题，深受读者喜爱。
小说说述了南方小镇斯威普霍尔特一位名叫艾米丽的老小姐的故事：艾米丽的青春期起先幸福美满，但她的母亲和父亲过早逝世，之后社会环境也更加糟糕，使她的全部世界被封锁，甚至连其朝思暮想都无法触及。
更糟糕的是，艾米丽还不得不忍受一个深恶痛绝的绝密，但最终，在小镇居民们的渗透下，关于艾米丽的秘密也慢慢浮出了水面，小说结束的时候，艾米丽究竟是用了无法用言语表达的情感支付了代价，还是以某种求死的友情洒脱的到底成未可知。
《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》用一个苦难的少女艾米丽的故事，对英雄主义和爱情的一次再次探讨，让我们进入艾米丽无法跨越的牢笼，更是让我们理解她不能承受的“献给艾米丽的玫瑰”，也看到了艾米丽赴死坚持到最后，赢得自由的英勇牺牲，而在最后，艾米丽的秘密，却成为了艾米丽永远的伙伴，也深深融入了每个人的心里。
小说中艾米丽的这一段经历，展现了作家给与人生深思的状态，他试图突出艾米丽曾一度坚强与孤独的宏大仪式，还有她曾以愤怒与悲伤来抗争有偏见的社会外在文化。
他进一步指出，尽管人们费尽心机介入艾米丽的世界，但最后，艾米丽仍然站立在某个难以表达的世界中，就像一朵玫瑰一样，在经历风雨的洗礼后，艾米丽的骄傲与挚爱依然一直伴随着她的一生，永不凋零。
艾米丽的人物形象，启发读者直至今天仍在反思，却仍旧无法确定小说里实际上发生了什么，比如，艾米丽是怎样承受了这一切的折磨？最后，她到底做出了什么选择？艾米丽强颜欢笑以维持下去，也让我们意识到了活着的每一刻的珍贵，也让人明白到，在一个被遗忘的世界里，人总是不得不自强，继续活下去，最终，她站在乐观与悲哀的路口，把守着一份绝密的爱情，这份爱情，给了她勇气，让她走到终点。
ARoseforEmily英文分析及简评
“A Rose for Emily” is divided into five sections.The first section opens with a description of the Grierson house in Jefferson. The narrator mentions that over the past 100 years, Miss Emily Grierson’s home has fall into disrepair and become “an eyesore among eyesores.” The first sentence of the story sets the tone of how the citizens of Jefferson felt about Emily: “When Miss Emi ly Grierson died, our whole town went to the funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old manservant – a combined gardener and cook – had seen in at least ten years.”It is known around town that Emily Grierson has not had guests in her home for the past decade, except her black servant who runs errands for her to and from the market. When a new city council takes over, however, they begin to tax her once again. She refuses to pay the taxes and appear before the sheriff, so the city authorities invite themselves into her house. When confronted on her tax evasion, Emily reminds them that she doesn't have to pay taxes in Jefferson and to speak to Colonel Sartoris, although he had died 10 years before.In section two, the narrator explains that the Griersons had always been a very proud Southern family. Mr. Grierson, Emily’s father, believes no man is suitable for his daughter and doesn't allow her to date. Emily is largely dependent upon her father, and is left foundering when he dies. After Mr. Grierson's death, Emily does not allow the authorities to remove his body for three days, claiming he is still alive. She breaks down and allows authorities to take the body away for a quick burial.Section three introduces Emily’s beau, Homer Barron, a foreman from the north. Homer comes to Jefferson with a crew of men to build sidewalks outside the Grierson home. After Emily and Homer are seen driving through town several times, Emily visits a druggist. There, she asks to purchase arsenic. The druggist asks what the arsenic is for since it was required of him to ask by law. Emily does not respond and coldly stares him down until he looks away and gives her the arsenic. When Emily opens the package, underneath the skull and bones sign is written, "For Rats."Citizens of Jefferson believe that Miss Emily is going to commit suicide since Homer has not yet proposed in the beginning of section four. The townspeople contact and invite Emily's two cousins to comfort her. Shortly after their arrival, Homer leaves and then returns after the cousins leave Jefferson. After staying in Jefferson for one night, Homer is never seen again. After Homer’s disappea rance, Emily begins to age, gain weight, and is rarely seen outside of her home. Soon, Miss Emily passes away.The fifth and final section begins with Jefferson women entering the Grierson home. After they arrive, Emily's black servant leaves through the back door without saying a word. After Emily's funeral, the townspeople immediately go through her house. They come across a room on the second floor which no one had seen in 40 years, and break the door down. They discover a dusty room strangely decorated as a bridal room. The room contains a man's tie, suit and shoes, and a silver toilet set which Miss Emily had purchased for Homer years before his disappearance. Homer's remains lay on the bed,dressed in a nightshirt. Next to him is an impression of a head on a pillow where the townspeople find a single “long strand of iron-gray hair.” It is thus implied that not only had Emily killed Homer with the arsenic, but also has had an intimate relationship with his corpse up to her own death.简评：Miss Emily met Homer Baron, a foreman with a construction company, when her hometown was first getting paved streets. Her father had already died but, not before driving away her eligible suitors. As rumors circulate about her possible marriage to a Yankee, Homer leaves town abruptly. During his absence, Miss Emily buys rat poison. When Homer returns, the townspeople see him enter Miss Emily’s house but not leave. Only when she dies do the townspeople discover his corpse on a bed in her house and, next to it, a strand of Miss Emily’s hair.This Gothic plot makes serious points about woman’s place in society. Throughout the story, the reader is aware that these events are taking place during a time of transition: The town is finally getting sidewalks and mailboxes. More important, values are changing. The older magistrates, for example, looked on Miss Emily paternally and refused to collect taxes from her; the newer ones try, unsuccessfully, to do so.Caught in these changing times, Miss Emily is trapped in her role as genteel spinster. Without a husband, her life will have no meaning. She tries to give lessons in painting china but cannot find pupils for this out-of-date hobby and finally discontinues them. If Homer is thinking of abandoning her, as his departure implies, one can understand her desire to clutch at any sort of union, even a marriage in death.The theme is developed through an exceptionally well-crafted story. Told from a third-person plural point of view, it reveals the reactions of the town to Miss Emily. As this “we” narrator shifts allegiance--now criticizing Miss Emily, now sympathizing with her--the reader sees the trap in which she is caught, and the extensive but unobtrusive foreshadowing prepares the reader for the story’s final revelation without detra cting from its force.。
A_ROSE_FOR_EMILY献给艾米丽的玫瑰中文
A ROSE FOR EMIL Y的中文一厨师的老仆人之外，至少已有十年光景谁也没进去看看这幢房子了。
那是一幢过去漆成白色的四方形大木屋，坐落在当年一条最考究的街道上，还装点着是汽车间和轧棉机之类的东西侵犯了这一带庄严的名字，把它们涂抹得一干二净。
只有爱米装模作样，真是丑中之丑。
现在爱米丽小姐已经加入了那些名字庄严的代表人物的行列，他们沉睡在雪松环绕的墓园之中，那里尽是一排排在南北战争时期杰斐逊战役中阵亡的南方和北方的无名军人墓。
打一八九四年某日镇长沙多里斯上校——也就是他下了一道黑人妇女不系围裙不得上街的命令——豁免了她一切应纳的税款起，期限从她父亲去世之日开始，一直到她去世为止，这是全镇沿袭下来对她的一种义务。
这也并非说爱米丽甘愿接受施舍，原来是沙多里斯上校编造了一大套无中生有的话，说是爱米丽的父亲曾经贷款给镇政府，因此，镇政府作为一种交易，宁愿以这种方式偿还。
这一套话，只有沙多里斯一代的人以及像沙多里斯一样头脑的人才能编得出来，也只有妇道人家才会相信。
示愿意登门访问，或派车迎接她，而所得回信却是一张便条，写在古色古香的信笺上，书法流利，字迹细小，但墨水已不鲜艳，信的大意是说她已根本不外出。
纳税通知附还，没有表示意见。
参议员们开了个特别会议，派出一个代表团对她进行了访问。
他们敲敲门，自从八年男仆把他们接待进阴暗的门厅，从那里再由楼梯上去，光线就更暗了。
一股尘封的气味扑鼻而来，空气阴湿而又不透气，这屋子长久没有人住了。
黑人领他们到客厅里，里面摆设的笨重家具全都包着皮套子。
黑人打开了一扇百叶窗，这时，便更可看出皮套子已经坼裂；等他们坐了下来，大腿两边就有一阵灰尘冉冉上升，尘粒在那一缕阳光中缓缓旋转。
壁炉前已经失去金色光泽的画架上面放着爱米丽父亲的炭笔画像。
她一进屋，他们全都站了起来。
一个小模小样，腰圆体胖的女人，穿了一身黑服，一条细细的金表链拖到腰部，落到腰带里去了，一根乌木拐杖支撑着她的身体，拐杖头的镶金已经失去光泽。
aroseforemily英文分析及简评
A R o s e f o r E m i l y英文分析及简评(总2页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--“A Rose for Emily” is divided into five sections.The first section opens with a description of the Grierson house in Jefferson. The narrator mentions that over the past 100 years, Miss Emily Grierson’s home has fall into disrepair and become “an eyesore among eyesores.” The first sentence of the story sets the tone of how the citizens of Jefferson felt about Emily: “When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to the funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old manservant – a combined gardener and cook – had seen in at least ten years.”It is known around town that Emily Grierson has not had guests in her home for the past decade, except her black servant who runs errands for her to and from the market. When a new city council takes over, however, they begin to tax her once again. She refuses to pay the taxes and appear before the sheriff, so the city authorities invite themselves into her house. When confronted on her tax evasion, Emily reminds them that she doesn't have to pay taxes in Jefferson and to speak to Colonel Sartoris, although he had died 10 years before.In section two, the narrator explains that the Griersons had always been a very proud Southern family. Mr. Grierson, Emily’s father, believes no man is suitable for his daughter and doesn't allow her to date. Emily is largely dependent upon her father, and is left foundering when he dies. After Mr. Grierson's death, Emily does not allow the authorities to remove his body for three days, claiming he is still alive. She breaks down and allows authorities to take the body away for a quick burial.Section three introduces Emily’s beau, Homer Barron, a foreman from the north. Homer comes to Jefferson with a crew of men to build sidewalks outside the Grierson home. After Emily and Homer are seen driving through town several times, Emily visits a druggist. There, she asks to purchase arsenic. The druggist asks what the arsenic is for since it was required of him to ask by law. Emily does not respond and coldly stares him down until he looks away and gives her the arsenic. When Emily opens the package, underneath the skull and bones sign is written, "For Rats."Citizens of Jefferson believe that Miss Emily is going to commit suicide since Homer has not yet proposed in the beginning of section four. The townspeople contact and invite Emily's two cousins to comfort her. Shortly after their arrival, Homer leaves and thenreturns after the cousins leave Jefferson. After staying in Jefferson for one night, Homer is never seen again. After Homer’s disappearance, Emily begins to age, gain weight, and is rarely seen outside of her home. Soon, Miss Emily passes away.The fifth and final section begins with Jefferson women entering the Grierson home. After they arrive, Emily's black servant leavesthrough the back door without saying a word. After Emily's funeral, the townspeople immediately go through her house. They come across a room on the second floor which no one had seen in 40 years, and break the door down. They discover a dusty room strangely decorated as a bridal room. The room contains a man's tie, suit and shoes, and a silver toilet set which Miss Emily had purchased for Homer years before his disappearance. Homer's remains lay on the bed, dressed ina nightshirt. Next to him is an impression of a head on a pillow where the townspeople find a single “long strand of iron-grayhair.” I t is thus implied that not only had Emily killed Homer with the arsenic, but also has had an intimate relationship with hiscorpse up to her own death.简评：Miss Emily met Homer Baron, a foreman with a construction company, when her hometown was first getting paved streets. Her father had already died but, not before driving away her eligible suitors. As rumors circulate about her possible marriage to a Yankee, Homerleaves town abruptly. During his absence, Miss Emily buys rat poison.When Homer returns, the townspeople see him enter Miss Emily’s house but not leave. Only when she dies do the townspeople discover his corpse on a bed in her house and, next to it, a strand of MissEmily’s hair.This Gothic plot makes serious points about woman’s place in so ciety. Throughout the story, the reader is aware that these events aretaking place during a time of transition: The town is finally getting sidewalks and mailboxes. More important, values are changing. Theolder magistrates, for example, looked on Miss Emily paternally andrefused to collect taxes from her; the newer ones try, unsuccessfully, to do so.Caught in these changing times, Miss Emily is trapped in her role as genteel spinster. Without a husband, her life will have no meaning. She tries to give lessons in painting china but cannot find pupilsfor this out-of-date hobby and finally discontinues them. If Homer is thinking of abandoning her, as his departure implies, one can understand her desire to clutch at any sort of union, even a marriage in death.The theme is developed through an exceptionally well-crafted story. Told from a third-person plural point of view, it reveals thereactions of the town to Miss Emily. As this “we” narrator shifts allegiance--now criticizing Miss Emily, now sympathizing with her--the reader sees the trap in which she is caught, and the extensivebut unobtrusive foreshadowing prepares the reader for the story’s final revelation without detracting from its force.。
译本的计量风格学研究——以《献给艾米莉的玫瑰》四个中译本为例
译本的计量风格学研究——以《献给艾米莉的玫瑰》四个中
译本为例
倪文君
【期刊名称】《哈尔滨学院学报》
【年(卷),期】2022(43)12
【摘要】威廉·福克纳的短篇小说《献给艾米莉的玫瑰》运用复杂的时间线和怪诞的哥特式风格,刻画了处于历史性变革中的美国南方没落贵族艾米莉悲惨的一生。
文章通过选取兰卡斯特汉语语料库(LCMC)为参照语料库,考察了杨岂深、杨瑞和何林、张和龙、叶紫等四个译本的特征,使用聚类分析发现:与原著相比,四个译本均存在风格变异,其中杨译本、张译本和叶译本与侦探小说最为相似,而杨何译本与科幻小说最为相似。
关于不同译本风格变异的具体原因,可以从词汇丰富度和长短句段使用比例两方面进行探讨。
【总页数】5页(P117-121)
【作者】倪文君
【作者单位】浙江大学外国语学院
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】H315.9
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“A Rose for Emily”中译本赏析——以杨岂深的译本为例摘要：A Rose for Emily 《献给埃米莉的玫瑰》讲述了美国南北战争后南方小镇-----杰弗逊镇上没落的格尔森贵族家庭中埃米莉的悲剧故事。
作者威廉·卡斯伯特·福克纳（William Cuthbert Faulkner）为美国文学史上最具影响力的作家之一，美国“南方文艺复兴”时期成就最显著的南方作家和现代主义作家。
以杨岂深先生的译本为例，对小说分别从忠实的标准，形似与神似的矛盾，主人公对话语言的描写三个方面进行翻译研究，有益于提高读者的文学素养，提升文学翻译实践能力。
关键词：埃米莉；译本；忠实；形似与神似；对话Abstract: A Rose for Emily tells the tragic story of Emily Grierson, the daughter of a noble declining family, which happened in a small southern American town-----Jefferson after American Civil War. The author, William Cuthbert Faulkner, is one of the most influential writers in the American literary history, the most significant Southern writer and modernism writer in the American "Northern Renaissance" period. This paper is based on the version of translator Yang Qishen. Mainly discusses the translation study from three aspects—— faithful standard, the contradictions between appearance and soul , description of the heroine's conversation, which will be helpful for the improvement of readers 'literary accomplishment, and contributes to the well study of literary translation.Key words:Emily; version; faithfulness; contradictions between appearance and soul; conversation前言A Rose for Emily《献给埃米莉的玫瑰》为南方文学鼻祖威廉•福克纳（William Faukner）所创作的著名短篇小说，1930年4月发表时被誉为最负盛名的小说。
该小说讲述了美国南北战争后南方小镇-----杰弗逊镇上没落的格尔森贵族家庭中埃米莉的悲剧故事。
埃米莉被家族和社会冠以传统的象征。
作为南方腐朽传统的受害者，她秉性孤傲、生活与世隔绝、心理个性压抑而扭曲，为占有爱情，毒杀情人并与之尸首同床共枕相眠几十年，最终在黑房子与黑奴相伴74年后而亡。
小说文笔凝练，布局精细，人物形象突出鲜明，内容寓意深刻，创新的构思框架与震惊的结局，令人拍案叫绝。
威廉·卡斯伯特·福克纳（William Cuthbert Faulkner，1897年9月25日－1962年7月6日），美国小说家、诗人和剧作家，美国文学史上最具影响力的作家之一，意识流文学在美国的代表人物，美国“南方文艺复兴”时期成就最显著的南方作家和现代主义作家。
因“对当代美国小说做出了强有力的和艺术上无与伦比的贡献”，福克纳成为1949年诺贝尔文学奖得主。
他一生共创作了19部长篇小说与120多篇短篇小说，其中15部长篇与绝大多数短篇的故事都发生在约克纳帕塔法县，称为“约克纳帕塔法（Yocanapatafa）世系”。
其主要脉络是杰弗逊镇及其郊区的不同社会阶层的若干个家族的几代人的故事，时间从1800年起直到第二次世界大战以后，反映了二百年来南方社会的历史变迁，各阶层人物典型的精神面貌及心理状态。
福克纳是南方文学传统的集大成者。
南方文学传统主要包括特有的浪漫主义气质和一定的现实主义倾向，保守的向后看的历史意识，沉重的悲剧感，清教意识和进行道德探索的无比兴趣，在种族问题上的矛盾和困惑，对艺术手法的极度重视，以及庄园文化传统，哥特式小说传统，民间故事传统及特有的边疆幽默，等等。
《献给埃米莉的玫瑰》具有沉重的悲剧感和哥特式小说传统，情节组织超越了时间顺序，艺术手法独特，其多变的作品风格得到具体体现。
这篇小说表现手法上别具一格,篇章中长短句纷繁交错，强烈的修辞色彩彰显哥特式小说的神秘紧张氛围,独特的行文突出与众不同的艺术效果。
本文选取杨先生的译本，对小说进一步解读。
从忠实的标准到形似与神似的矛盾，最后对人物语调的把握，翻译独到之处发表个人见解，望方家不吝赐教。
一、译者忠实而灵活—竹笋与竹子舞姿同现福克纳创作原文的风格----言辞准确，繁复为主, 简洁为辅。
对文中环境，情节等描述繁简得当；对人物形象的表现，文章氛围基调的把握，进行了完美的诠释。
小说中的句子错综复杂:从句不间断地放置,同位关系或有或无；插入句连着插入句,需如剥洋葱似的层层深入破译繁复的长句。
小说中的复句长句比比皆是,最为繁复的一句恐怕要算第五节的第二段的第二个句子:The two female cousins came at once. They held the funeral on thesecond day, with the town coming to look at Miss Emily beneath a mass of bought flowers, with the crayon face of her father musing profoundly above the bier and the ladies sibilant and macabre; and the very old men —some in their brushed Confederate uniforms—on the porch and the lawn, talking of Miss Emily as if she had been a contemporary of theirs, believing that they had danced with her and courted her perhaps, confusing time with its mathematical progression, as the old do, to whom all the past is not a diminishing road but, instead, a huge meadow which now inter ever quite touches, divided from them now by the narrow bottleneck of the most recent decade of years.（William Faulkner, 1958：18）.杨先生的译文如下：两位堂姐妹也随即赶到，她们第二天就举行了丧礼，全镇的人都跑来看看覆盖着鲜花的埃米丽小姐的尸体。
停尸架上方悬挂着她父亲的炭笔画像，一脸深刻沉思的表情，妇女们叽叽喳喳地谈论着死亡，而老年男子呢——有些人还穿上刷的很干净的南方同盟军制服—则在走廊上，草坪上纷纷谈论着埃米丽小姐的一生，仿佛她是他们的同时代人，而且还相信和她跳过舞，甚至向她求过爱，他们把按数学级数向前推进的时间给搅乱了。
这是老年人常有的情形。
在他们看来，过去的岁月不是一条越来越窄的路，而是一片广袤的连冬天也对它无所影响的大草坪，只是近十年来才像窄小的瓶口一样，把他们同过去隔断了。
（杨岂深, 2010:32）.原文就两个句子,一短一长。
杨先生将原文译成了四句，长中短不一。
众所周知，西文重形合，汉语重意合；西文的表达层层包裹如竹笋般重叠难现，汉语的表达则简洁清晰如竹子般节节分明。
两种语言本身的差异，并不阻拦原文的意义的忠实表达，且译文形式的展现同样可以与原文尽量同步，小说的内涵与灵魂的可以一览无余。
如译文中从“停尸架上方悬挂着……”“妇女们唧唧喳喳……”到“……把时间给搅乱了”中间的有7个逗号，2个破折号，它们将这些短句连接成一个特别长的汉语句子，其语言风格和表达效果与福克纳的长句如出一辙。
原文中以介词with、连词and、动词的分词形式talking，believing，confusing等，来衔接递进语义。
而中文译语巧妙地省去“一方面……另一方面……” 等并列连接词，顺势而下，增添“而且”与“甚至”两个表递进关系的连词，将画面中各种状态的同在感不依附于刻板的衔接词而描绘的绘声绘色，把镇上老人对埃米莉的倾慕，吹嘘炫耀的人物个性形象亦刻画得充实丰满。
这样, 译文段落和原文段落相比,句子虽有所增加,但衔接巧妙,行云流水般忠实再现了原文内涵，灵活地处理词句结构也兼顾了本国读者的阅读思维方式。
二、形神兼备——内外之美相得益彰文学翻译的矛盾体现在形似与神似方面。
形与神是相反相成的，驱壳与灵魂是相互依附的。
“字词”和“句调”是构成“形”的必然要素，“神”需要透过两者体现出来。
单个字词的翻译，要考虑该字词在上下文中的含义，考虑作者所处的时代，作者的用字癖好，考虑原作人物的特点等。
句调的翻译，要审度作品的格调；简短的句调，冗长的句调，文辞庄严还是轻快，都是译者需要多加注意的。
在“A Rose for Emily”中，福克纳对埃米莉房子外观以及内部环境的描写，房屋内部的氛围是陈旧，古板而沉重的；附近的街道环境都变了，而主人公的房屋的外观却一直未改变。
福克纳借助埃米莉长久生活的人文环境来象征其刻板、腐朽，无法挣脱传统道德的枷锁而变得扭曲的特性。
杨先生对译文的“单字”和“句调”的处理，“形”与“神”的结合，传达得比较到位。
且看原文开篇第二自然段的第一句It was a big, squarish frame house that had once been white, decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled balconies in the heavily lightsome style of the seventies, set on what had once been our most select street. (William Faulkner, 1958: 3).杨先生的译文如下那是一幢过去漆成白色的四方形大木屋，坐落在当年一条最考究的街道上，还装点着19世纪70年代风格的圆形屋顶、尖塔和涡形花纹的阳台，带着浓厚的轻盈气息。