材料力学单词
材料力学词汇
材料力学常用英文词汇弹性力学elasticity弹性理论theory of elasticity均匀应力状态homogeneous state of stress应力不变量stress invariant应变不变量strain invariant应变椭球strain ellipsoid均匀应变状态homogeneous state of strain应变协调方程equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量Lame constants各向同性弹性isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘rotating circular disk楔wedge开尔文问题Kelvin problem布西内斯克问题Boussinesq problem艾里应力函数Airy stress function克罗索夫--穆斯赫利什维利法Kolosoff-Muskhelishvili method 基尔霍夫假设Kirchhoff hypothesis板Plate矩形板Rectangular plate圆板Circular plate环板Annular plate波纹板Corrugated plate加劲板Stiffened plate,reinforced Plate中厚板Plate of moderate thickness弯[曲]应力函数Stress function of bending壳Shell扁壳Shallow shell旋转壳Revolutionary shell球壳Spherical shell[圆]柱壳Cylindrical shell锥壳Conical shell环壳Toroidal shell封闭壳Closed shell波纹壳Corrugated shell扭[转]应力函数Stress function of torsion翘曲函数Warping function半逆解法semi-inverse method瑞利--里茨法Rayleigh-Ritz method松弛法Relaxation method莱维法Levy method松弛Relaxation量纲分析Dimensional analysis自相似[性] self-similarity影响面Influence surface接触应力Contact stress赫兹理论Hertz theory协调接触Conforming contact滑动接触Sliding contact滚动接触Rolling contact压入Indentation各向异性弹性Anisotropic elasticity颗粒材料Granular material散体力学Mechanics of granular media 热弹性Thermoelasticity超弹性Hyperelasticity粘弹性Viscoelasticity对应原理Correspondence principle褶皱Wrinkle塑性全量理论Total theory of plasticity 滑动Sliding微滑Microslip粗糙度Roughness非线性弹性Nonlinear elasticity大挠度Large deflection突弹跳变snap-through有限变形Finite deformation格林应变Green strain阿尔曼西应变Almansi strain弹性动力学Dynamic elasticity运动方程Equation of motion准静态的Quasi-static气动弹性Aeroelasticity水弹性Hydroelasticity颤振Flutter弹性波Elastic wave简单波Simple wave柱面波Cylindrical wave水平剪切波Horizontal shear wave竖直剪切波Vertical shear wave体波body wave无旋波Irrotational wave畸变波Distortion wave膨胀波Dilatation wave瑞利波Rayleigh wave等容波Equivoluminal wave勒夫波Love wave界面波Interfacial wave边缘效应edge effect塑性力学Plasticity可成形性Formability金属成形Metal forming耐撞性Crashworthiness结构抗撞毁性Structural crashworthiness拉拔Drawing破坏机构Collapse mechanism回弹Springback挤压Extrusion冲压Stamping穿透Perforation层裂Spalling塑性理论Theory of plasticity安定[性]理论Shake-down theory运动安定定理kinematic shake-down theorem 静力安定定理Static shake-down theorem率相关理论rate dependent theorem载荷因子load factor加载准则Loading criterion加载函数Loading function加载面Loading surface塑性加载Plastic loading塑性加载波Plastic loading wave简单加载Simple loading比例加载Proportional loading卸载Unloading卸载波Unloading wave冲击载荷Impulsive load阶跃载荷step load脉冲载荷pulse load极限载荷limit load中性变载nentral loading拉抻失稳instability in tension加速度波acceleration wave本构方程constitutive equation完全解complete solution名义应力nominal stress过应力over-stress真应力true stress等效应力equivalent stress流动应力flow stress应力间断stress discontinuity应力空间stress space主应力空间principal stress space静水应力状态hydrostatic state of stress对数应变logarithmic strain工程应变engineering strain等效应变equivalent strain应变局部化strain localization应变率strain rate应变率敏感性strain rate sensitivity应变空间strain space有限应变finite strain塑性应变增量plastic strain increment累积塑性应变accumulated plastic strain永久变形permanent deformation内变量internal variable应变软化strain-softening理想刚塑性材料rigid-perfectly plastic Material 刚塑性材料rigid-plastic material理想塑性材料perfectl plastic material材料稳定性stability of material应变偏张量deviatoric tensor of strain应力偏张量deviatori tensor of stress应变球张量spherical tensor of strain应力球张量spherical tensor of stress路径相关性path-dependency线性强化linear strain-hardening应变强化strain-hardening随动强化kinematic hardening各向同性强化isotropic hardening强化模量strain-hardening modulus幂强化power hardening塑性极限弯矩plastic limit bending Moment塑性极限扭矩plastic limit torque弹塑性弯曲elastic-plastic bending弹塑性交界面elastic-plastic interface弹塑性扭转elastic-plastic torsion粘塑性Viscoplasticity非弹性Inelasticity理想弹塑性材料elastic-perfectly plastic Material 极限分析limit analysis极限设计limit design极限面limit surface上限定理upper bound theorem上屈服点upper yield point下限定理lower bound theorem下屈服点lower yield point界限定理bound theorem初始屈服面initial yield surface后继屈服面subsequent yield surface屈服面[的]外凸性convexity of yield surface截面形状因子shape factor of cross-section沙堆比拟sand heap analogy屈服Yield屈服条件yield condition屈服准则yield criterion屈服函数yield function屈服面yield surface塑性势plastic potential能量吸收装置energy absorbing device能量耗散率energy absorbing device塑性动力学dynamic plasticity塑性动力屈曲dynamic plastic buckling塑性动力响应dynamic plastic response塑性波plastic wave运动容许场kinematically admissible Field静力容许场statically admissible Field流动法则flow rule速度间断velocity discontinuity滑移线slip-lines滑移线场slip-lines field移行塑性铰travelling plastic hinge塑性增量理论incremental theory of Plasticity米泽斯屈服准则Mises yield criterion普朗特--罗伊斯关系prandtl- Reuss relation特雷斯卡屈服准则Tresca yield criterion洛德应力参数Lode stress parameter莱维--米泽斯关系Levy-Mises relation亨基应力方程Hencky stress equation赫艾--韦斯特加德应力空间Haigh-Westergaard stress space 洛德应变参数Lode strain parameter德鲁克公设Drucker postulate盖林格速度方程Geiringer velocity Equation。
材料力学专业词汇
材料力学专业词汇1 强度strength2 刚度stiffness3 稳定性stability4 固体solid5 变形deformation6 材料力学mechanics of materials7 连续性continuity8 面积area9 载荷load10 轴axis11 假设assumption12 假定值assumed value13 破裂breakaway14 破坏试验breaking test15 延性ductility16 脆性brittleness17 脆性材料brittle material18 脆性破坏brittle failure19 外力external force20 内力internal force21 截面法sectional method22 应力stress23 正应力normal stress24 切应力shear stress25 杆bar26 拉伸stretch27 应变strain28 压缩compression29 斜面bevel30 平面假假设assumption of plane cross-section31 胡克定律Hoke law32 剪切shear33 力学性能mechanical properties34 比例极限proportional limit35 屈服极限yield limit36 强度极限ultimate strength37 弹性极限elastic limit38 弹性模量modulus of elasticity39 延伸率specific of elongation40 安全系数safety coefficient41 收缩率specific of contract42 许用应力allowable stress43 容许载荷admissible load44 挤压bearing45 扭转torsion46 圆轴circular shaft47 薄壁结构thin-walled structures48 扭矩torsion moment49 薄壁圆筒thin-walled cylinder50 互等定理reciprocal theorem51 位移displacement 52 几何性质geometrical properties53 静矩static moment54 形心centered55 惯性矩moment of inertia56 简支梁simple supported beam57 弯曲bending58 弯矩bending moment59 挠度deflection60 抗弯模量flexural modulus61 剪力shear force62 弯矩图bending moment diagram63 简化simplification64 斜率slope65 表层skin layer66 弯曲刚度bending rigidity67 连续梁continuous beam68 惯性积product of inertia69 极惯性矩polar moment of inertia70 曲梁curved beam71 截面核心core of section72 主平面principal73 挠曲线deflection curve74 变形deformation75 动应力dynamic stress76 疲劳fatigue77 偏心的eccentric78 危险截面critical section79 临界应力critical stress80 合成应力combined stresses81 单位力unit load82 跨span83 莫尔圆Mohr circle84 翘曲warping85 叠加原理superposition principle86 约束constrain87 刚架frame88 各向同性isotropy89 对称弯曲symmetric bending90 非对称弯曲unsymmetrical bending91 欧拉公式Euler formula92 柔度slenderness93 线应变linear strain94 相当系统equivalent system95 斜弯曲oblique bending96 悬臂梁cantilever beam97 泊松比Poisson ratio98 固定端fixed end99 均匀性假设homogenization assumption 100 构件member。
材料力学 英语
材料力学的英语是Material Mechanics，是工程力学中的一个重要分支，主要研究材料的力学性能及其应用，涉及材料的弹性、塑性、破坏等方面。
以下是一些与材料力学相关的英语术语：
Elasticity（弹性）：材料在受力作用下能够恢复原状的能力。
Plasticity（塑性）：材料在受力作用下能够发生不可逆的形变。
Yield strength（屈服强度）：材料开始发生塑性变形的最小应力。
Ultimate strength（极限强度）：材料承受最大载荷时发生破坏的应力。
Fracture toughness（断裂韧性）：材料在破坏前能够承受裂纹扩展的能力。
Fatigue strength（疲劳强度）：材料在经历多次循环加载后能够承受的最大应力。
Stress concentration（应力集中）：材料中存在的应力集中点或者区域，会导致材料在该处产生更高的应力。
以上是材料力学中的一些英语术语，对于学习和掌握材料力学知识和技能有很大的帮助。
材料力学专业词汇
以下是《材料力学》课中专业词汇，共141个，对机械、力学专业本科生绝对有用！mechanics of materials 材料力学axial force 轴向力bar 杆（只受轴向力）torsion 扭转shaft 轴（只受扭转）bending 弯曲beam 梁（只受弯曲）compression; compressive 压缩column 柱（只受压缩）stress 应力strain 应变displacement 位移deformation 变形strength 强度stiffness 刚度stability 稳定性tension; tensile 拉伸shear 剪切prismatic bar 等截面直杆cross section 截面uniformly distributed load; uniform load 均布载荷normal stress 正应力sign convention 符号规定stress distribution 应力分布stress concentration 应力集中dimensionless quantity 无量纲量homogeneous 匀质的uniaxial stress and strain 单轴应力和应变mechanical behavior (材料的)力学行为specimen 试件elongation 伸长量extensometer 引伸计gage length 标准长度nominal stress 名义应力true stress 真实应力proportional limit 比例极限elastic modulus; modulus of elasticity 弹性模量 (pl. moduli)yielding 屈服plastic 塑性strain hardening 强化necking 颈缩ultimate strength 强度极限ductile 韧性percent elongation 延伸率percent reduction in area 断面收缩率brittle 脆性elastic limit 弹性极限plasticity 塑性plastic flow 塑性流动creep 蠕变relaxation 松弛Hooke’s Law 胡克定律Poisson’s ratio 泊松比lateral strain 横向应变pure shear 纯剪切shear stress 切应力bearing 挤压shear modulus of elasticity 切变模量factor of safety 安全系数allowable stress 许用应力axial rigidity 抗拉刚度(EA)statically indeterminate 静不定equation of equilibrium 平衡方程equation of compatibility 变形协调方程constitutive relations 本构关系（物理方程）thermal stress 热应力coefficient of thermal expansion 线胀系数prestrain 预应变inclined section 斜截面strain energy 应变能strain energy density 应变能密度modulus of resilience 回弹模量impact load 冲击载荷dynamic load 动载荷repeated load 交变载荷fatigue 疲劳fatigue limit; endurance limit 疲劳极限Saint-Venant’s Principle 圣维南原理statically equivalent 静力等效stress-concentration factor 应力集中系数elastoplastic material 弹塑性材料couple 力偶moment of a couple 力偶矩vector 矢量torque; twisting moment 扭矩angle of twist / rotation 扭转角rate of twist; angle of twist per unit length 单位长度扭转角polar moment of inertia 极惯性矩Iptorsional rigidity 抗扭刚度GIpthin-walled open cross section 开口薄壁截面bending moment 弯矩shear force 剪力simply supported beam; simple beam 简支梁pin support 固定铰支座roller support 可动铰支座cantilever beam 悬臂梁fixed support; clamped support 固定端beam with an overhang 外伸梁concentrated load 集中力distributed load 分布力intensity (of distributed load) （分布力的）集度reaction 反力pure bending 纯弯曲nonuniform bending 横力弯曲neutral surface 中性层neutral axis 中性轴moment of inertia; second moment 惯性矩；二次轴矩flexural rigidity 抗弯刚度EI section modulus 抗弯截面系数fully stressed beam 等强度梁first moment 静矩products of inertia 惯性积beam of wide-flange shape 工字梁web 腹板flange 翼缘composite beam 复合梁deflection curve 挠度曲线curvature 曲率radius of curvature 曲率半径angle of rotation 转角slope 斜率differential equation 微分方程method of successive integrations 积分法boundary condition 边界条件continuity condition 连续性条件symmetry condition 对称性条件method of superposition 叠加法principal stress 主应力principal plane 主平面Mohr’s Circle 摩尔圆triaxial stress 三向应力electrical-resistance strain gage 电阻应变片strain rosette 应变花pressure vessel 压力容器combined loadings 组合应力buckling 屈曲critical load 临界压力effective length factor 长度因数slenderness ratio （压杆的）柔度或长细比。
材料力学中英对照词汇
材料力学中英对照词汇A安全因数safety factorB半桥接法half bridge闭口薄壁杆 t hin-walled tubes比例极限propor tiona l limit边界条件bounda ry condit ions变截面梁beam of variab le crosssectio n 变形deform ation变形协调方程compati bili ty equati on 标距gage length泊松比Poisso n’s ratio补偿块compen satin g blockC材料力学mechani cs of materi al s冲击荷载impact load初应力，预应力initia l stress纯剪切pure shear纯弯曲pure bendin g脆性材料brittl e materi alsD大柔度杆long column s单位荷载unit load单位力偶unit couple单位荷载法 u nit-load method单向应力，单向受力uniaxi al stress等强度梁beam of consta nt streng th低周疲劳low-cyclefatigu e电桥平衡bridge balanc ing电阻应变计 resist ancestrain gage电阻应变仪r esist ancestrain indica tor 叠加法superp ositi on method叠加原理superp ositi on princi ple 动荷载dynami c load断面收缩率p ercen tagereduct ion in area多余约束redund ant restra i ntE二向应力状态stateo f biaxia l stressF分布力distri buted force复杂应力状态 stateof triaxi al stress复合材料composi te materi alG杆，杆件bar刚度stiffn ess刚架，构架frame刚结点rigidj oint高周疲劳high-cyclefatigu e各向同性材料i sotro pi cal materi al功的互等定理reciprocal-work theore m工作应变计a ctive strain gage工作应力workin g stress构件struct ural member惯性半径radius of gyrati on of an area惯性积product of inerti a惯性矩，截面二次轴距moment ofinerti a广义胡克定律 genera lizedHook’slawH横向变形latera l deform ation胡克定律Hook’s law滑移线slip-linesJ基本系统primar y system畸变能理论d istor tionenergy theory畸变能密度 distor tiona l strain energydensit y极惯性矩，截面二次极矩polarmoment of inerti a极限应力ultimate stress极限荷载limitl oad挤压应力bearin g stress剪力shear force剪力方程equati on of shear force剪力图shear forcediagra m剪流shear flow剪切胡克定律Hook’slawforshear剪切shear交变应力，循环应力cyclic stress截面法method of sectio ns截面几何性质geomet ri cal propertiesofan area截面核心core of sectio n静不定次，超静定次数degree of astatic allyindete rmina te proble m静不定问题，超静定问题statical l yindete rmina te proble m静定问题static allydeterm i nate proble m静荷载static l oad静矩，一次矩static moment颈缩neckin gK开口薄壁杆b ar of thin-walled open crosssectio n抗拉强度ultima te stress in tensio n抗扭截面系数sectio n modulu s in torsio n抗扭强度ultima te stress in torsio n抗弯截面系数sectio n modulu s in bendingL拉压刚度axial rigidi ty拉压杆，轴向承载杆 a xiall y loaded bar理想弹塑性假设elasti c-perfectly plasti cassump tion力法forcemethod力学性能mechani cal proper ties连续梁contin uousbeam连续条件contin uity conditi on梁beams临界应力critic al stress临界荷载critic al loadM迈因纳定律 M i ner’s law名义屈服强度offset yieldi ng stress莫尔强度理论Mohr theory of failure敏感栅sensiti ve gridN挠度deflec tion挠曲轴deflec tioncurve挠曲轴方程 e quati on of deflection curve挠曲轴近似微分方程approxi matel ydifferentia l equati on of the deflecti oncurve内力intern al forces扭力矩twisti ng moment扭矩torsio nal moment扭矩图torque diagra m扭转torsio n扭转极限应力 ultima te stress in torsio n扭转角angel of twist扭转屈服强度yieldi ng stress in torsio n扭转刚度torsio nal rigidi tyO欧拉公式Euler’s formul aP疲劳极限，条件疲劳极限endura ncelimit疲劳破坏fatigu e rupture疲劳寿命fatigu e life偏心拉伸eccent ric tensio n偏心压缩eccent ric compre ssion平均应力averag e stress平面弯曲planebendin g平面应力状态stateo f planestress平行移轴定理 parall el axis theore m平面假设planecross-sectio n assump tionQ强度streng th强度理论theory of streng th强度条件streng th conditi on切变模量shearmodulu s切应变shear strain切应力shear stress切应力互等定理theore m of conjug ate sheari ng stress屈服yield屈服强度yieldstreng th全桥接线法 full bridgeR热应力thermal stressS三向应力状态 stateof triaxi al stress三轴直角应变花three-elemen t rectangular rosett e三轴等角应变花three-elemen t del tarosett e失稳buckli ng伸长率elonga tion圣维南原理S aint-Venant’sprinci ple 实验应力分析experi menta l stress analysis塑性变形，残余变形plasti c deform ationductil e materi als塑性材料，延性材料塑性铰plasti c hingeT弹簧常量spring consta nt弹性变形elasti c deform ation弹性模量modulu s of elasti c ity体积力body force体积改变能密度densit y of energy ofvolume change体应变volume strainW弯矩bendin g moment弯矩方程equati on of bendin g moment弯矩图bendin g moment diagra m弯曲bendin g弯曲刚度flexural rigidi t y弯曲正应力n ormal stress in bendin g弯曲切应力s hearstress in bendin g弯曲中心shear center位移法displa cemen t method位移互等定理reciprocal-displa cemen ttheore m稳定条件stabil ity conditi on稳定性stabil ity稳定安全因数safety factor for stabil i tyX细长比，柔度slende rness ratio线性弹性体 l inear elasti c body约束扭转constraint torsio n相当长度，有效长度equivalent l ength相当应力equivalent stress小柔度杆short column s形心轴centro i dal axis形状系数shapefactor许用应力allowa ble stress许用应力法 allowa ble stress method许用荷载allowa ble load许用荷载法a llowa ble load methodY应变花strain rosett e应变计strain gage应变能strain energy应变能密度 strain energy densit y应力stress应力速率stress ratio应力比stress ratio应力幅stress amplit ude应力状态stateof stress应力集中stress concen trati on应力集中因数stress concen trati on factor应力－寿命曲线，S-N曲线stress-cycl ecurve应力－应变图stress-strain diagra m应力圆，莫尔圆Mohr’s circle for stressesZ正应变normal strain正应力normal stress中面middle plane中柔度杆interm ediat e column s中性层neutra l surface中性轴neutra l axis轴shaft轴力axial force轴力图axial forcediagra m轴向变形axial deform ation轴向拉伸axial tensio n轴向压缩axial compre ssion主平面princi pal planes主应力princi pal stress主应力迹线p rinci pal stress trajec tory主轴princi pal axis主惯性矩princi pal moment of inerti a主形心惯性矩princi pal centro idalmoment s of inerti a主形心轴princi pal centro i dalaxi s转角angel of rotati on转轴公式transformati on equati on自由扭转free torsio n组合变形combin ed deform ation组合截面composi te area最大切应力理论maximu m shear stresstheory最大拉应变理论maximu m tensil e straintheory最大拉应力理论maximu m tensil e stresstheory最大应力maximu m stress最小应力minimu m stress。
（完整版）材料力学中英对照词汇
（完整版）材料力学中英对照词汇材料力学中英对照词汇A安全因数safety factorB半桥接法half bridge闭口薄壁杆thin-walled tubes比例极限proportional limit边界条件boundary conditions变截面梁beam of variable cross section 变形deformation 变形协调方程compatibility equation 标距gage length泊松比Poisson’s ratio补偿块compensating blockC材料力学mechanics of materials冲击荷载impact load初应力，预应力initial stress纯剪切pure shear纯弯曲pure bending脆性材料brittle materialsD大柔度杆long columns单位荷载unit load单位力偶unit couple单位荷载法unit-load method单向应力，单向受力uniaxial stress等强度梁beam of constant strength低周疲劳low-cycle fatigue电桥平衡bridge balancing电阻应变计resistance strain gage电阻应变仪resistance strain indicator 叠加法superposition method叠加原理superposition principle 动荷载dynamic load断面收缩率percentage reduction in area多余约束redundant restraintE二向应力状态state of biaxial stressF分布力distributed force复杂应力状态state of triaxial stress复合材料composite materialG杆，杆件bar刚度stiffness刚架，构架frame刚结点rigid joint高周疲劳high-cycle fatigue各向同性材料isotropical material功的互等定理reciprocal-work theorem工作应变计active strain gage工作应力working stress构件structural member惯性半径radius of gyration of an area惯性积product of inertia惯性矩，截面二次轴距moment of inertia广义胡克定律generalized Hook’s lawH横向变形lateral deformation胡克定律Hook’s law滑移线slip-linesJ基本系统primary system畸变能理论distortion energy theory畸变能密度distortional strain energy density极惯性矩，截面二次极矩polar moment of inertia极限应力ultimate stress极限荷载limit load挤压应力bearing stress剪力shear force剪力方程equation of shear force剪力图shear force diagram剪流shear flow剪切胡克定律Hook’s law for shear剪切shear交变应力，循环应力cyclic stress截面法method of sections截面几何性质geometrical properties of an area截面核心core of section静不定次，超静定次数degree of a statically indeterminate problem静不定问题，超静定问题statically indeterminate problem静定问题statically determinate problem 静荷载static load静矩，一次矩static moment颈缩neckingK开口薄壁杆bar of thin-walled open cross section抗拉强度ultimate stress in tension抗扭截面系数section modulus in torsion 抗扭强度ultimate stress in torsion抗弯截面系数section modulus in bendingL拉压刚度axial rigidity拉压杆，轴向承载杆axially loaded bar理想弹塑性假设elastic-perfectly plastic assumption力法force method力学性能mechanical properties连续梁continuous beam连续条件continuity condition梁beams临界应力critical stress临界荷载critical loadM迈因纳定律Miner’s law名义屈服强度offset yielding stress莫尔强度理论Mohr theory of failure敏感栅sensitive gridN挠度deflection挠曲轴deflection curve挠曲轴方程equation of deflection curve 挠曲轴近似微分方程approximately differential equation of the deflectioncurve内力internal forces扭力矩twisting moment扭矩torsional moment扭矩图torque diagram扭转torsion扭转极限应力ultimate stress in torsion 扭转角angel of twist扭转屈服强度yielding stress in torsion 扭转刚度torsional rigidityO欧拉公式Euler’s formulaP疲劳极限，条件疲劳极限endurance limit疲劳破坏fatigue rupture疲劳寿命fatigue life偏心拉伸eccentric tension偏心压缩eccentric compression平均应力average stress平面弯曲plane bending平面应力状态state of plane stress平行移轴定理parallel axis theorem平面假设plane cross-section assumptionQ强度strength强度理论theory of strength强度条件strength condition切变模量shear modulus切应变shear strain切应力shear stress切应力互等定理theorem of conjugate shearing stress 屈服yield屈服强度yield strength全桥接线法full bridgeR热应力thermal stressS三向应力状态state of triaxial stress三轴直角应变花three-element rectangular rosette三轴等角应变花three-element delta rosette失稳buckling伸长率elongation圣维南原理Saint-Venant’s principle实验应力分析experimental stress analysis塑性变形，残余变形plastic deformationductile materials塑性材料，延性材料塑性铰plastic hingeT弹簧常量spring constant弹性变形elastic deformation弹性模量modulus of elasticity体积力body force体积改变能密度density of energy ofvolume change体应变volume strainW弯矩bending moment弯矩方程equation of bending moment弯矩图bending moment diagram弯曲bending弯曲刚度flexural rigidity弯曲正应力normal stress in bending 弯曲切应力shear stress in bending弯曲中心shear center位移法displacement method位移互等定理reciprocal-displacement theorem稳定条件stability condition稳定性stability稳定安全因数safety factor for stability X细长比，柔度slenderness ratio线性弹性体linear elastic body约束扭转constraint torsion相当长度，有效长度equivalent length 相当应力equivalent stress小柔度杆short columns形心轴centroidal axis形状系数shape factor许用应力allowable stress许用应力法allowable stress method 许用荷载allowable load许用荷载法allowable load methodY应变花strain rosette应变计strain gage应变能strain energy应变能密度strain energy density应力stress应力速率stress ratio应力比stress ratio应力幅stress amplitude应力状态state of stress应力集中stress concentration应力集中因数stress concentration factor 应力－寿命曲线，S-N曲线stress-cycle curve应力－应变图stress-strain diagram应力圆，莫尔圆Mohr’s circle for stresses Z正应变normal strain正应力normal stress中面middle plane中柔度杆intermediate columns中性层neutral surface中性轴neutral axis轴shaft轴力axial force轴力图axial force diagram轴向变形axial deformation轴向拉伸axial tension轴向压缩axial compression主平面principal planes主应力principal stress主应力迹线principal stress trajectory主轴principal axis主惯性矩principal moment of inertia主形心惯性矩principal centroidalmoments of inertia主形心轴principal centroidal axis转角angel of rotation转轴公式transformation equation自由扭转free torsion组合变形combined deformation组合截面composite area最大切应力理论maximum shear stress theory最大拉应变理论maximum tensile strain theory最大拉应力理论maximum tensile stress theory最大应力maximum stress最小应力minimum stress。
工程力学常见专业英语词汇总结
空间变量spatial variations
直径diameter
半径radius
必要条件prerequisite
充分条件sufficient condition
质量守恒conservation of mass
动量守恒conservation of momentum
静定问题statically determinate problems
超静定问题statically indeterminate problem
轴向荷载axial load
均布荷载uniform distribution load
集中荷载concentrated load
冲击荷载shock loading
机械能守恒conservation of mechanical energy
能量守恒conservation of energy
守恒定律law of conservation
摩擦friction
内摩擦角friction angle
水平面horizontal plane
假想平面imaginary plane
相互垂直平面mutually perpendicular planes
平面外法向outward normal to the plane
前言preface
后记postscript
附录appendix
连续介质continuousmedium
非连续介质discontinuous medium
周围介质surroundingmedium
气体静力学aerostatics
气体动力学aerodynamics
变形量the amount of deformation
(完整版)材料力学中英对照词汇
材料力学中英对照词汇A安全因数safety factorB半桥接法half bridge闭口薄壁杆thin-walled tubes比例极限proportional limit边界条件boundary conditions变截面梁beam of variable cross section 变形deformation变形协调方程compatibility equation 标距gage length泊松比Poisson’s ratio补偿块compensating blockC材料力学mechanics of materials冲击荷载impact load初应力，预应力initial stress纯剪切pure shear纯弯曲pure bending脆性材料brittle materialsD大柔度杆long columns单位荷载unit load单位力偶unit couple单位荷载法unit-load method单向应力，单向受力uniaxial stress等强度梁beam of constant strength低周疲劳low-cycle fatigue电桥平衡bridge balancing电阻应变计resistance strain gage电阻应变仪resistance strain indicator 叠加法superposition method叠加原理superposition principle 动荷载dynamic load断面收缩率percentage reduction in area多余约束redundant restraintE二向应力状态state of biaxial stressF分布力distributed force复杂应力状态state of triaxial stress复合材料composite materialG杆，杆件bar刚度stiffness刚架，构架frame刚结点rigid joint高周疲劳high-cycle fatigue各向同性材料isotropical material功的互等定理reciprocal-work theorem工作应变计active strain gage工作应力working stress构件structural member惯性半径radius of gyration of an area惯性积product of inertia惯性矩，截面二次轴距moment of inertia广义胡克定律generalized Hook’s lawH横向变形lateral deformation胡克定律Hook’s law滑移线slip-linesJ基本系统primary system畸变能理论distortion energy theory畸变能密度distortional strain energydensity极惯性矩，截面二次极矩polar moment of inertia极限应力ultimate stress极限荷载limit load挤压应力bearing stress剪力shear force剪力方程equation of shear force剪力图shear force diagram剪流shear flow剪切胡克定律Hook’s law for shear剪切shear交变应力，循环应力cyclic stress截面法method of sections截面几何性质geometrical properties ofan area截面核心core of section静不定次，超静定次数degree of astatically indeterminate problem静不定问题，超静定问题staticallyindeterminate problem静定问题statically determinate problem静荷载static load静矩，一次矩static moment颈缩neckingK开口薄壁杆bar of thin-walled open crosssection抗拉强度ultimate stress in tension抗扭截面系数section modulus in torsion抗扭强度ultimate stress in torsion抗弯截面系数section modulus inbendingL拉压刚度axial rigidity拉压杆，轴向承载杆axially loaded bar理想弹塑性假设elastic-perfectly plasticassumption力法force method力学性能mechanical properties连续梁continuous beam连续条件continuity condition梁beams临界应力critical stress临界荷载critical loadM迈因纳定律Miner’s law名义屈服强度offset yielding stress莫尔强度理论Mohr theory of failure敏感栅sensitive gridN挠度deflection挠曲轴deflection curve挠曲轴方程equation of deflection curve挠曲轴近似微分方程approximatelydifferential equation of the deflectioncurve内力internal forces扭力矩twisting moment扭矩torsional moment扭矩图torque diagram扭转torsion扭转极限应力ultimate stress in torsion扭转角angel of twist扭转屈服强度yielding stress in torsion扭转刚度torsional rigidityO欧拉公式Euler’s formulaP疲劳极限，条件疲劳极限endurancelimit疲劳破坏fatigue rupture疲劳寿命fatigue life偏心拉伸eccentric tension偏心压缩eccentric compression平均应力average stress平面弯曲plane bending平面应力状态state of plane stress平行移轴定理parallel axis theorem平面假设plane cross-section assumptionQ强度strength强度理论theory of strength强度条件strength condition切变模量shear modulus切应变shear strain切应力shear stress切应力互等定理theorem of conjugate shearing stress屈服yield屈服强度yield strength全桥接线法full bridgeR热应力thermal stressS三向应力状态state of triaxial stress三轴直角应变花three-element rectangular rosette三轴等角应变花three-element delta rosette失稳buckling伸长率elongation圣维南原理Saint-Venant’s principle实验应力分析experimental stress analysis塑性变形，残余变形plastic deformationductile materials塑性材料，延性材料塑性铰plastic hingeT弹簧常量spring constant弹性变形elastic deformation弹性模量modulus of elasticity体积力body force体积改变能密度density of energy ofvolume change体应变volume strainW弯矩bending moment弯矩方程equation of bending moment弯矩图bending moment diagram弯曲bending弯曲刚度flexural rigidity弯曲正应力normal stress in bending弯曲切应力shear stress in bending弯曲中心shear center位移法displacement method位移互等定理reciprocal-displacementtheorem稳定条件stability condition稳定性stability稳定安全因数safety factor for stabilityX细长比，柔度slenderness ratio线性弹性体linear elastic body约束扭转constraint torsion相当长度，有效长度equivalent length相当应力equivalent stress小柔度杆short columns形心轴centroidal axis形状系数shape factor许用应力allowable stress许用应力法allowable stress method许用荷载allowable load许用荷载法allowable load methodY应变花strain rosette应变计strain gage应变能strain energy应变能密度strain energy density应力stress应力速率stress ratio应力比stress ratio应力幅stress amplitude应力状态state of stress应力集中stress concentration应力集中因数stress concentration factor应力－寿命曲线，S-N曲线stress-cyclecurve应力－应变图stress-strain diagram应力圆，莫尔圆Mohr’s circle for stressesZ正应变normal strain正应力normal stress中面middle plane中柔度杆intermediate columns中性层neutral surface中性轴neutral axis轴shaft轴力axial force轴力图axial force diagram轴向变形axial deformation轴向拉伸axial tension轴向压缩axial compression主平面principal planes主应力principal stress主应力迹线principal stress trajectory主轴principal axis主惯性矩principal moment of inertia主形心惯性矩principal centroidalmoments of inertia主形心轴principal centroidal axis转角angel of rotation转轴公式transformation equation自由扭转free torsion组合变形combined deformation组合截面composite area最大切应力理论maximum shear stresstheory最大拉应变理论maximum tensile straintheory最大拉应力理论maximum tensile stresstheory最大应力maximum stress最小应力minimum stress。
材料力学单词
tension and compression 拉伸与压缩torsion 扭转bending 弯曲shear 剪切tension compression test 拉伸压缩试验mechanical properties of materials 材料的机械特性gauge length 标距extensometer 引伸计electrical-resistance strain gauge 电阻应变片stress-strain diagram 应力应变曲线ductile materials 塑性材料brittle materials 脆性材料Poisson’s Ratio 泊松比Saint-Venant’s principle 圣文南原理statically indeterminated 静不定的（超静定的）statically determinated 静定的NNeeww w woorrddss a anndd p phhrraasseessChapter 1. Introductionthermal stress 热应力linear coefficient of thermal expansion 热膨胀系数stress concentration 应力集中concentration factor 应力集中系数mechanical Model 力学模型sign conventionultimate Stress 极限应力allowable stress 许用应力safety factor 安全因数mild steel 低碳钢gray cast iron 灰铸铁percent elongation 延伸率percent reduction of area 断面收缩率nominal yield stress 名义屈服极限strength (plastic) index 强度(塑性)指标cold hardening 冷作硬化method of positive assumption 设正法Tensile rigidity 抗拉刚度torque 扭矩axle 车轴drive shaft 驱动轴circular shaft 圆轴angle of twist 扭转角polar moment of inertia 极惯性矩power 功率angular speed 角速度solid shaft 实心轴tubular shaft 空心轴right-hand rule 右手法则torque-loaded member 受扭构件bulge (warp) 扭曲external torque 外力偶矩(转矩) internal torque 扭矩torsional section modulus 抗扭截面系数跳beam 梁shear 剪力moment 弯矩simply supported beam 简支梁cantilevered beam 悬臂梁overhanging beam 外伸梁shear and moment functions 剪力弯矩方程shear and moment diagrams 剪力弯矩图beam sign convention 梁的内力符号规则distributed load 分布载荷differential relation 微分关系slope 斜率jump upward (downward) 向上(下)突跳planar bending 平面弯曲shearing bending 剪切弯曲pure bending 纯弯曲neutral surface 中性层neutral axis 中性轴shear flow 剪切流shear center 剪切中心thin-walled member 薄壁构件prismatic beam 等截面梁fully stressed beam 等强度梁unsymmetric bending 非对称弯曲curvature 曲率wide-flange 工字形截面rectangular cross section 矩形截面bending section modulus 抗弯截面系数of integration 积分常数boundary condition 边界条件continuity condition 连续条件slope 转角deflection 挠度the integration method 积分法method of superposition 叠加法moment-area method 力矩面积法flexural rigidity 抗弯刚度elastic curve 挠曲线constant of integration 积分常数boundary condition 边界条件continuity condition 连续条件slope 转角deflection 挠度the integration method 积分法method of superposition 叠加法moment-area method 力矩面积法plane-stress 平面应力three-dimensional stress 三维应力state of stress 应力状态principal stresses 主应力principal planes 主平面principal element volume 主单元体stress circle 应力圆Mohr’s circle 莫尔圆triaxial stress 三轴应力strain rosettes 应变花Generalized Hooke’s Law 广义虎克定理dilatation 体积应变bulk modulus 体积弹性模量material failure 材料破坏yielding 屈服fracture 断裂multiaxial state of stress 多向应力状态Maximum-shear-stress theory 最大切应力理论Tresca yield criterion Tresca屈服准则Maximum-distortion-energy theory 最大歪形能理论Maximum-normal-stress theory 最大正应力理论Mohr’s failure criterion Mohr破坏准则critical load 临界载荷long slender bar 细长杆buckling 屈曲失稳，压弯stable equilibrium 稳定平衡unstable equilibrium 不稳定平衡neutral equilibrium 随遇平衡pin supports 铰链支座radius of gyration 回转半径effective-length factor 长度因子effective-slenderness radio 长细比，柔度。
材料力学(英汉对照)01_Introduction
Sorted by characters: Sorted by characters: Static force(静载荷))：载荷由零缓慢增加，到达某值后保持不变 Static force(静载荷 ：载荷由零缓慢增加，到达某值后保持不变 Dynamic force(动载荷))：引起构件加速度的突加载荷或冲击载荷 Dynamic force(动载荷 ：引起构件加速度的突加载荷或冲击载荷 Alternating force(交变载荷))：随时间作周期变化的载荷 Alternating force(交变载荷 ：随时间作周期变化的载荷
1.1 Task of Mechanics of Materials 1.1 Task of Mechanics of Materials 1.2* Relation between Mechanics of Materials and Practices 1.2* Relation between Mechanics of Materials and Practices 1.3 Basic Hypothesis of Deformable Body 1.3 Basic Hypothesis of Deformable Body 1.4 Internal Force and Stress 1.4 Internal Force and Stress 1.5 Displacement, Deformation and Strain 1.5 Displacement, Deformation and Strain 1.6 Basic Deformation modes of Bar Member 1.6 Basic Deformation modes of Bar Member
chapterintroductionnewworesnewworesmechanicsmaterials材料力学strength强度stiffness刚度stability稳定性deformablebody变形体externalforce外力internalforce内力surfaceforce表面力bodyforce体力concentratedforce集中力supportreaction支反力resultantforcemoment合力合力矩equationequilibrium平衡方程freebodydiagram分离体图methodsection截面法mechanicsmaterials材料力学strength强度stiffness刚度stability稳定性deformablebody变形体externalforce外力internalforce内力surfaceforce表面力bodyforce体力concentratedforce集中力supportreaction支反力resultantforcemoment合力合力矩equationequilibrium平衡方程freebodydiagram分离体图methodsection截面法normalstressshearstressnormalstrainshearstrainvolumeelementelasticdeformationplasticdeformationhookesmoduluselasticityshearmoduluselasticitydisplacementcrosssectionareaisotropyuniformitycontinuitybasichypothesis正应力切应力剪应力线应变切应变剪应变单元体弹性变形塑性变形law虎克定律弹性模量切变模量位移横截面面积各向同性均匀连续基本假设normalstressshearstressnormalstrainshearstrainvolumeelementelasticdeformationplasticdeformationhookesmoduluselasticityshearmoduluselasticitydisplacementcrosssectionareaisotropyuniformitycontinuitybasichypothesis正应力切应力
材料力学中英对照词汇(全英文版)
Asafety factorBhalf bridgethin-walled tubes proportional limit boundary conditionsbeam of variable cross section deformationcompatibility equationgage lengthPoisson’s ratio compensating blockCmechanics of materials impact loadinitial stresspure shearpure bendingbrittle materialsDlong columnsunit loadunit coupleunit-load methoduniaxial stressbeam of constant strength low-cycle fatiguebridge balancing resistance strain gage resistance strain indicator superposition method superposition principle dynamic load percentage reduction in arearedundant restraintEstate of biaxial stressFdistributed forcestate of triaxial stresscomposite materialGbarstiffnessframerigid jointhigh-cycle fatigueisotropical materialreciprocal-work theoremactive strain gageworking stressstructural memberradius of gyration of an areaproduct of inertiamoment of inertiageneralized Hook’s lawHlateral deformationHook’s lawslip-linesJprimary systemdistortion energy theorydistortional strain energy densitypolar moment of inertiaultimate stresslimit loadbearing stressshear forceequation of shear forceshear force diagramshear flowHook’s law for shearshearcyclic stressmethod of sectionsgeometrical properties of an areacore of sectiondegree of a statically indeterminateproblemstatically indeterminate problemstatically determinate problemstatic loadstatic momentneckingKbar of thin-walled open cross sectionultimate stress in tensionsection modulus in torsionultimate stress in torsionsection modulus in bendingLaxial rigidityaxially loaded barelastic-perfectly plastic assumptionforce methodmechanical propertiescontinuous beamcontinuity conditionbeamscritical stress临界荷载critical loadMMiner’s lawoffset yielding stressMohr theory of failuresensitive gridNdeflectiondeflection curveequation of deflection curveapproximately differential equation of thedeflection curveinternal forcestwisting momenttorsional momenttorque diagramtorsionultimate stress in torsionangel of twistyielding stress in torsiontorsional rigidityOEuler’s formulaPendurance limitfatigue rupturefatigue lifeeccentric tensioneccentric compressionaverage stressplane bendingstate of plane stressparallel axis theoremplane cross-section assumptionQstrengththeory of strengthstrength conditionshear modulusshear strainshear stresstheorem of conjugate shearing stress yieldyield strengthfull bridgeRthermal stressSstate of triaxial stressthree-element rectangular rosette three-element delta rosette bucklingelongationSaint-Venant’s principle experimental stress analysis plastic deformationductile materialsplastic hingeTspring constantelastic deformationmodulus of elasticitybody forcedensity of energy of volume change volume strainWbending momentequation of bending moment bending moment diagrambendingflexural rigiditynormal stress in bendingshear stress in bendingshear centerdisplacement methodreciprocal-displacement theoremstability conditionstabilitysafety factor for stabilityXslenderness ratiolinear elastic bodyconstraint torsionequivalent lengthequivalent stressshort columnscentroidal axisshape factorallowable stressallowable stress methodallowable loadallowable load methodYstrain rosettestrain gagestrain energystrain energy densitystressstress ratiostress ratiostress amplitudestate of stressstress concentrationstress concentration factorstress-cycle curvestress-strain diagramMohr’s circle for stressesZnormal strainnormal stressmiddle planeintermediate columnsneutral surfaceneutral axisshaftaxial forceaxial force diagramaxial deformationaxial tensionaxial compressionprincipal planesprincipal stressprincipal stress trajectoryprincipal axisprincipal moment of inertiaprincipal centroidal moments of inertiaprincipal centroidal axisangel of rotationtransformation equationfree torsioncombined deformationcomposite areamaximum shear stress theorymaximum tensile strain theorymaximum tensile stress theorymaximum stressminimum stress。
《材料力学性能》专业英语词汇编纂.doc
《材料力学性能》专业英语词汇2010-3-任课教师:李爱农专业班级: 成型0703-05Ctrl+S 保存Ctrl+W 关闭程序Ctrl+N 新建Ctrl+O 打开Ctrl+Z 撤销Ctrl+F 查找Ctrl+X 剪切Ctrl+C 复制Ctrl+V 粘贴Ctrl+A 全选Ctrl+[ 缩小文字Ctrl+] 放大文字Ctrl+B 粗体Ctrl+I 斜体Ctrl+U 下划线Ctrl+Shift 输入法切换Ctrl+空格中英文切换Ctrl+回车QQ号中发送信息Ctrl+Home 光标快速移到文件头Ctrl+End 光标快速移到文件尾Ctrl+Esc 显示开始菜单Ctrl+Shift+< 快速缩小文字Ctrl+Shift+> 快速放大文字Ctrl+F5 在IE中强行刷新Ctrl+拖动文件复制文件Ctrl+Backspace 启动\关闭输入法拖动文件时按住Ctrl+Shift 创建快捷方式Alt+空格+C 关闭窗口Alt+空格+N 最小化当前窗口Alt+空格+R 恢复最小化窗口Alt+空格+X 最大化当前窗口Alt+空格+M 移动窗口Alt+空格+S 改变窗口大小Alt+Tab 两个程序交换Alt+255 QQ号中输入无名人Alt+F 打开文件菜单Alt+V 打开视图菜单Alt+E 打开编辑菜单Alt+I 打开插入菜单Alt+O 打开格式菜单Alt+T 打开工具菜单Alt+A 打开表格菜单Alt+W 打开窗口菜单Alt+H 打开帮助菜单Alt+回车查看文件属性Alt+双击文件查看文件属性Alt+X 关闭C语言Shift快捷键Shift+空格半\全角切换Shift + Delete 永久删除所选项,而不将它放到“回收站”中｡拖动某一项时按CTRL 复制所选项｡拖动某一项时按CTRL + SHIFT 创建所选项目的快捷键｡WORD全套快捷键小技巧CTRL+O 打开CTRL+P 打印CTRL+A 全选CTRL+[/] 对文字进行大小设置(在选中目标情况下) CTRL+D 字体设置(在选中目标情况下) CTRL+G/H 查找/替换; CTRL+N 全文删除; CTRL+M 左边距(在选中目标情况下); CTRL+U 绘制下划线(在选中目标情况下); CTRL+B 加粗文字(在选中目标情况下); CTRL+I 倾斜文字(在选中目标情况下); CTRL+Q 两边对齐(无首行缩进),(在选中目标情况下)或将光标放置目标文字的段尾,亦可操作CTRL+J 两端对齐(操作同上) CTRL+E 居中(操作同上) CTRL+R 右对齐(操作同上) CTRL+K 插入超链接CTRL+T/Y 可进行首行缩进(将光标移到需做此操作的段尾,或将此段选中进行操作Ctrl+A(或Ctrl+小键盘上数字5):选中全文｡Ctrl+B:给选中的文字加粗(再按一次,取消加粗)｡Ctrl+C:将选中的文字复制到剪贴板中｡Ctrl+D:打开“字体”对话框,快速完成字体的各种设置｡Ctrl+E:使光标所在行的文本居中｡Ctrl+F:打开“查找与替换”对话框,并定位在“查找”标签上｡Ctrl+G:打开“查找与替换”对话框,并定位在“定位”标签上｡Ctrl+H:打开“查找与替换”对话框,并定位在“替换”标签上｡Ctrl+I:使选中的文字倾斜(再按一次,取消倾斜)｡Ctrl+K:打开“插入超链接”对话框｡Ctrl+Shift+L:给光标所在行的文本加上“项目符号”｡Ctrl+M:同时增加首行和悬挂缩进｡Ctrl+Shift+M:同时减少首行和悬挂缩进｡Ctrl+N:新建一个空文档｡Ctrl+O(或Ctrl+F12):打开“打开”对话框｡Ctrl+P(或Ctrl+Shift+F12):打开“打印”对话框｡Ctrl+R:使光标所在行的文本右对齐｡Ctrl+S:为新文档打开“另保存为”对话框,或对当前文档进行保存｡Ctrl+T:增加首行缩进｡Ctrl+Shift+T:减少首行缩进｡Ctrl+U:给选中的文字加上下划线(再按一次,去年下划线)｡Ctrl+V:将剪贴板中的文本或图片粘贴到光标处｡若剪贴板中有多个内容,则将最后一条内容粘贴到光标处｡Ctrl+X:将选中的文字剪切到剪贴板中｡Ctrl+Z:撤销刚才进行的操作(可以多次使用)｡Ctrl+0:将选中的文本每段前增加12磅的间距｡Ctrl+1:若选中的文本行距不是“单倍行距”,则将其快速设置为“单倍行距”｡Ctrl+2。
材料力学单词
材料力学单词allowable stress容许应力angle of rotation转角angle of twist扭转角axial force轴力axis轴线beam flange梁翼缘bearing stress挤压应力bending moment弯矩block块体bolt螺栓boundary边界brittle material脆性材料built-in support固定支座cantilever beam悬臂梁centroidal principal axis形心主轴circumferencial周向的，环向的clevis U形夹cold working冷作硬化combined deformation组合变形compatibility condition协调条件concave凹的continues连续的continuous beam连续梁convex凸的criterion of failure失效准则critical load临界力，临界载荷critical point危险点critical section危险面cross section横截面curvature曲率deflection curve挠曲线degree of indeterminacy超静定次数differential equation微分方程differential volume element微元体dimensional纬度的，量纲的，displacement位移distortion strain energy density 形状改变应变能密度double shear双剪ductile material塑性材料ductility塑性eccentric axial loading 偏心受力elastic弹性的elastic limit弹性极限elongation at fracture断裂伸长率energy method能量法engineering stress-strain工程应力-应变factor of safety安全系数failure失效first moment of an area静矩flexural rigidity抗弯刚度flexural stress弯曲应力force力，载荷gauge length标距generalized Hooke's law广义虎克定律geometry discontinuity几何不连续hinge铰Hooke's law虎克定律impact factor冲击系数impact loading冲击载荷integral constant积分常数intermediate column中长柱internal force diagram内力图isotropic各向同性manufacture error制造误差material property材料特性maximum最大的maximum principal stress theory最大拉应力理论mechanical behaviour力学行为method of superposition叠加法microstructure微观结构Mohr's circle摩尔圆，应力圆moment of inertia惯性矩negative负的neutral axis中性轴neutral equilibrium随遇平衡状态neutral surface中性面normal strain线应变normal stress正应力oblique bending斜弯曲open thin-walled member开口薄壁构件overhanging beam 外伸梁pin support铰支座planar rigid frame平面刚架plane bending平面弯曲plane strain平面应变plastic塑性的plate板Poisson's ratio泊松比polar moment of inertia极惯性矩positive正的primary static beam基本静定梁principal axis主轴principal plane主平面principal strain主应变principal stress 主应力prismatic beam等直梁product of inertia惯性积projected area投影面proof stress名义屈服应力proportional limit比例极限pure bending纯弯曲radii of gyration惯性半径restrained beam两端固定梁rigid frame刚架rivet铆钉roller support滑动铰支座rotatiotnal velocity转速safety factor method安全系数法section core截面核心section modulus of torsional抗扭截面模量rigidityshear center剪切中心shear flow剪力流shear force剪力shear modulus剪切模量shear section剪切面shear strain切应变shell壳sign convention符号约定simply supported beam简支梁single shear单剪slenderness ratio长细比specimen试件stable equilibrium稳定平衡状态state of bi-axial stress两向应力状态state of plane stress平面应力状态state of stress at a point 一点的应力状态state of tri-axial stress三向应力状态state of uni-axial stress单向应力状态statically indeterminate超静定，静不定strain应变strain energy应变能strain energy density 应变能密度，应变比能strain gauge应变片strain rate应变率strain rosette应变花strength condition强度条件stress应力stress analysis应力分析stress concentration应力集中stress element应力单元stress tensor应力张量stress-strain diagram应力-应变图symmetric axis对称轴symmetric bending对称弯曲tensile rigidity抗拉刚度tensile strength抗拉强度tensile test拉伸试验theory of failure强度理论thin-walled薄壁的torque扭矩torsional rigidity抗扭刚度transmission shaft传动轴transverse bending横力弯曲true stress-strain真实应力-应变ultimate stress 抗拉强度，极限应力volumetric strain energy density 体积变化应变能密度yield stress屈服应力Young's modulus 杨氏模量，弹性模量。
材料力学专业词汇中英对照
材料力学Mechanics of Materials构件Structure member强度strength刚度rigidity稳定性stability变形固体solid deformation body基本假设fundamental assumption各向同性Isotropy内力internal force外力external force二力杆two force bar刚体rigid body轴向拉伸Axial tension轴向压缩Axial compression拉力tensile force内力Internal force轴力axial force轴力图diagram of axial force集中载荷concentrate load应力stress平均应力Average stress全应力whole stress平面假设Hypothesis of plane section拉应力Tensile stress应力集中stress concentration剪切shearing正应力normal stress剪应力shearing Stress线应变linear strain剪应变angular strain剪力shearing force弹性应变能Elastic strain energy静定问题statically determinate problem 静不定问题statically indeterminate problem 平衡方程equilibrium equations比例极限Proportional limit弹性极限Elastic limit屈服极限Yielding limit塑性材料ductile material 强度极限Strength limit铸铁cast iron轴Shaft扭转Torsion扭转角The angle of twist扭矩Internal torque扭矩图Internal torque diagram剪应力互等定Theorem of complementary shearingstresses弯曲bending梁Beam固定铰支座Fixed hinged support可动铰支座Movable hinged support固定端Rigidly fixed end简支梁simply supported beam悬臂梁Cantilever beam外伸梁Overhanging beam静定梁Statically determinate beam超静定梁Statically indeterminate beam弯曲内力Internal force in bending弯矩Bending moment内力方程Internal force equation剪力图shearing force diagram弯矩图bending moment diagram分布荷载the distributed load荷载集度the density of the distributed load平面刚架Planar rigid frame曲杆Curved rod纯弯曲Pure Bending中性轴Neutral axis曲率半径the radius of curvature挠度Deflection转角Angle of rotation挠曲线deflection curve位移边界条Boundary conditions of thedisplacement支点位移条件Displacement conditions at thesupports连续条件Continuity conditions 光滑条件Sliding conditions积分常数integral constant 一点的应力状态Stressed state at a point原始单元体Original element 主单元体Principal element主面principal plane 主应力principal stress三向应力状态Three Dimensional State of Stress二向应力状态Plane State of Stress 应力圆Stress Circle单向应力状态Unidirectional State of Stress 主应力迹线Principal stress trajectories应变能密度strain-energy density 强度理论Theories of strength最大拉应力（第一强度）理论：Theory of maximum tensile stress（first strength）最大伸长线应变（第二强度）理论：Theory of maximum tensile strain（second strength）最大剪应力（第三强度）理论Theory of maximum shearing stress(third strength)形状改变比能（第四强度）理论Theory of maximum torsional (shearing)strain energy (fourth strength）莫尔强度理论Mohr’s strength theory相当应力Equivalent stress组合变形Composite deformation 斜弯曲Skew bending中性轴方程Equation of the neutral axis 不稳定平衡instable equilibrium拉(压)弯组合变形Bending and tension or compression稳定平衡Stable equilibrium 压杆失稳Loss of stability of the column临界压力the critical pressure of the column 理想压杆Ideal compressive columns长度系数Length coefficient 约束系数constraint coefficient临界应力Critical stress 柔度Flexibility应变能Strain energy 卡氏定理Catigliano’S Theorem莫尔定理(单位力法) Mohr’S theorem(Method of unit force)。
材料力学英文版 单词卡
第一章应力——Stress1.resultant loading简化力2.member 构件3.internal 内部的；（external外部的）4.deformation 变形；5.vector 矢量；（标量：sclar）6.cross section 横截面7.perpendicular 垂直的（vertical）8.horizontal水平的9.segment部分，段10.coplanar共面的11.magnitude量级，大小12.shaft 杆（tube管；rod棒）13.support reaction支反力14.suspend延缓，推迟15.pin 销钉（nail钉）16.stress distribution应力分布17.tangent切线的18.quotient商，系数，份额19.intensity强度20.homogeneous相同物质的，均匀的21.isotropic各向同性的（反义：anisotropic）22.prismatic棱柱体的pressive压力24.axil轴向的25.plane 平面26.approximate 粗略估计，接近27.be subjected to承受28.vibration振动29.assembly（名词）装配，集合30.allowable stress 许用应力第二章应变——Strain1.specified 规定的2.stretch 伸展，拉长3.elongate拉长4.orientation 方向5.rotate 旋转6.counterclockwise 逆时针（clockwise 顺）7.dash 虚线8.dimensionless 没有单位的9.contraction收缩第三章材料的性质——Properties1.tension and compression test拉压测试2.gauge测量，计量器3.extensometer伸长计4.integral积分5.proportional limit比例极限6.elastic limit弹性极限7.yield stress 屈服应力8.ultimate stress极限应力9.fracturestress破坏应力10.brittle material 脆性材料11.ductile material塑性材料12.offset补偿（0.0002）13.strain-energy density 形变能密度14.Poisson’s ratio 泊松比15.dimension 维，次元16.rectangular矩形的17. A with respect to C A相对于C18.geometry几何学19.statically indeterminate超静定20.collar 颈，圈（tubular 管状的）21.linear coefficient（系数）of thermalexpansion 热膨胀系数22.thermal stress 热应力23.negligible可忽略的24.exceed超过25.spring 弹簧第五章扭转——Torsion1.twist 扭动2.variation变化3.polar moment of inertia 极惯性矩J4.formula公式5.fixed support 固定支撑6.gear 齿轮7.angle of twist 旋转角8.parameter参数系数第六章弯曲——Bending1.beam 横梁2.cantilever悬臂3.overhang 悬垂4.curve 弯曲（warp 弯曲，flexure 弯曲）5.symmetry对称（symmetric adj）6.neutral 中性的7.transverse横断，横向8.plane平面9.unsymmetric bending 非对称弯曲。
材料力学单词整理
allowable stress容许应力angle of rotation转角angle of twist扭转角axial force轴力axis轴线beam flange梁翼缘bearing stress挤压应力bending moment弯矩block块体bolt螺栓boundary边界brittle material脆性材料built-in support固定支座cantilever beam悬臂梁centroidal principal axis形心主轴circumferencial周向的，环向的clevis U形夹cold working冷作硬化combined deformation组合变形compatibility condition协调条件concave凹的continues连续的continuous beam连续梁convex凸的criterion of failure失效准则critical load临界力，临界载荷critical point危险点critical section危险面cross section横截面curvature曲率deflection curve挠曲线degree of indeterminacy超静定次数differential equation微分方程differential volume element微元体dimensional纬度的，量纲的，displacement位移distortion strain energy density形状改变应变能密度double shear双剪ductile material塑性材料ductility塑性eccentric axial loading偏心受力elastic弹性的elastic limit弹性极限elongation at fracture断裂伸长率energy method能量法engineering stress-strain工程应力-应变factor of safety安全系数failure失效first moment of an area静矩flexural rigidity抗弯刚度flexural stress弯曲应力force力，载荷gauge length标距generalized Hooke's law广义虎克定律geometry discontinuity几何不连续hinge铰Hooke's law虎克定律impact factor冲击系数impact loading冲击载荷integral constant积分常数intermediate column中长柱internal force diagram内力图isotropic各向同性manufacture error制造误差material property材料特性maximum最大的maximum principal stress theory 最大拉应力理论mechanical behaviour力学行为method of superposition叠加法microstructure微观结构Mohr's circle摩尔圆，应力圆moment of inertia惯性矩negative负的neutral axis中性轴neutral equilibrium随遇平衡状态neutral surface中性面normal strain线应变normal stress正应力oblique bending斜弯曲open thin-walled member开口薄壁构件overhanging beam外伸梁pin support铰支座planar rigid frame平面刚架plane bending平面弯曲plane strain平面应变plastic塑性的plate板Poisson's ratio泊松比polar moment of inertia极惯性矩positive正的primary static beam基本静定梁principal axis主轴principal plane主平面principal strain主应变principal stress主应力prismatic beam等直梁product of inertia惯性矩projected area投影面proof stress名义屈服应力proportional limit比例极限pure bending纯弯曲radii of gyration惯性半径restrained beam两端固定梁rigid frame刚架rivet铆钉roller support滑动铰支座rotatiotnal velocity转速safety factor method安全系数法section core截面核心section modulus of torsional rigidity抗扭截面模量shear center剪切中心shear flow剪力流shear force剪力shear modulus剪切模量shear section剪切面shear strain切应变shell壳sign convention符号约定simply supported beam简支梁single shear单剪slenderness ratio长细比specimen试件stable equilibrium稳定平衡状态state of bi-axial stress两向应力状态state of plane stress平面应力状态state of stress at a point一点的应力状态state of tri-axial stress三向应力状态state of uni-axial stress单向应力状态statically indeterminate 超静定，静不定strain应变strain energy应变能strain energy density应变能密度，应变比能strain gauge应变片strain rate应变率strain rosette应变花strength condition强度条件stress应力stress analysis应力分析stress concentration应力集中stress element应力单元stress tensor应力张量stress-strain diagram应力-应变图symmetric axis对称轴symmetric bending对称弯曲tensile rigidity抗拉刚度tensile strength抗拉强度tensile test拉伸试验theory of failure强度理论thin-walled薄壁的torque扭矩torsional rigidity抗扭刚度transmission shaft传动轴transverse bending横力弯曲true stress-strain真实应力-应变ultimate stress抗拉强度，极限应力volumetric strain energy density体积变化应变能密度yield stress屈服应力Young's modulus杨氏模量，弹性模量。
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allowable stress容许应力
angle of rotation转角
angle of twist扭转角
axial force轴力
axis轴线
beam flange梁翼缘
bearing stress挤压应力bending moment弯矩
block块体
bolt螺栓
boundary边界
brittle material脆性材料
built-in support固定支座cantilever beam悬臂梁
centroidal principal axis形心主轴circumferencial周向的，环向的clevis U形夹
cold working冷作硬化combined deformation组合变形compatibility condition协调条件concave凹的
continues连续的continuous beam连续梁
convex凸的
criterion of failure失效准则
critical load临界力，临界载荷critical point危险点
critical section危险面
cross section横截面
curvature曲率
deflection curve挠曲线
degree of indeterminacy超静定次数differential equation微分方程differential volume element微元体dimensional纬度的，量纲的，displacement位移
distortion strain energy density 形状改变应变能密度
double shear双剪
ductile material塑性材料ductility塑性eccentric axial loading偏心受力elastic弹性的
elastic limit弹性极限elongation at fracture断裂伸长率energy method能量法engineering stress-strain工程应力-应变factor of safety安全系数failure失效
first moment of an area静矩
flexural rigidity抗弯刚度flexural stress弯曲应力force力，载荷gauge length标距generalized Hooke's law广义虎克定律geometry discontinuity几何不连续hinge铰
Hooke's law虎克定律
impact factor冲击系数impact loading冲击载荷integral constant积分常数intermediate column中长柱
internal force diagram内力图isotropic各向同性manufacture error制造误差material property材料特性maximum最大的maximum principal stress theory最大拉应力理论mechanical behaviour力学行为method of superposition叠加法microstructure微观结构
Mohr's circle摩尔圆，应力圆moment of inertia惯性矩negative负的
neutral axis中性轴
neutral equilibrium随遇平衡状态neutral surface中性面
normal strain线应变
normal stress正应力
oblique bending斜弯曲
open thin-walled member开口薄壁构件overhanging beam外伸梁
pin support铰支座
planar rigid frame平面刚架
plane bending平面弯曲
plane strain平面应变plastic塑性的
plate板
Poisson's ratio泊松比
polar moment of inertia极惯性矩positive正的
primary static beam基本静定梁principal axis主轴
principal plane主平面principal strain主应变principal stress主应力prismatic beam等直梁
product of inertia惯性积projected area投影面
proof stress名义屈服应力proportional limit比例极限
pure bending纯弯曲
radii of gyration惯性半径restrained beam两端固定梁rigid frame刚架
rivet铆钉
roller support滑动铰支座rotatiotnal velocity转速
safety factor method安全系数法section core截面核心section modulus of torsional
抗扭截面模量rigidity
shear center剪切中心
shear flow剪力流
shear force剪力
shear modulus剪切模量
shear section剪切面
shear strain切应变
shell壳
sign convention符号约定simply supported beam简支梁
single shear单剪slenderness ratio长细比specimen试件
stable equilibrium稳定平衡状态state of bi-axial stress两向应力状态state of plane stress平面应力状态state of stress at a point一点的应力状态state of tri-axial stress三向应力状态state of uni-axial stress单向应力状态statically indeterminate超静定，静不定strain应变
strain energy应变能
strain energy density 应变能密度，应变比能
strain gauge应变片
strain rate应变率
strain rosette应变花strength condition强度条件stress应力
stress analysis应力分析stress concentration应力集中stress element应力单元stress tensor应力张量stress-strain diagram应力-应变图symmetric axis对称轴symmetric bending对称弯曲tensile rigidity抗拉刚度tensile strength抗拉强度tensile test拉伸试验theory of failure强度理论
thin-walled薄壁的
torque扭矩
torsional rigidity抗扭刚度transmission shaft传动轴transverse bending横力弯曲
true stress-strain真实应力-应变
ultimate stress 抗拉强度，极限应力
volumetric strain energy density 体积变化应变能密度
yield stress屈服应力
Young's modulus 杨氏模量，弹性模量。