英语名词性从句知识归纳
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名词性从句知识归纳
名词性从句是指在句子中相当于名词的从句,主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句不是修饰性从句,而是复合句中的主干。
e.g.Thattheboyfailedagainintheexam disappointedhismother.(主语从句)
Iknow thatheiswritinghiscompositioninhisroom.(宾语从句)
Thequestionis howwecanfinishitontime.(表语从句)
Thefact thatsomeChinesearestillpoor isreallyagreatproblem.(同位语从句)
Iwanttoknowwhetherhewillseethefilmornot.
(2)介词宾语从句要用whethere.g.Idon’tcareabout whetheryouhavemoneyornot.
(3)that引导的宾语从句只能放于in,except,besides和but四个介词后
e.g.TheSwedestoodstill,except thathislipsmovedslightly.
3.转移否定---当主句是I/Wethink(believe,consider,expect,suppose,guess,imagine)时,其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式,常把从句中的否定词not转移到主句中。
e.g.Idon’tsuppose(that)itishisfault,isit?
4.时态问题---宾语从句的时态常受到主句时态影响,若主句是现在时或将来时,从句可用任何所需要的时态;若主句是过去时态,从句一般用过去的某种形式,如:一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用一般现在时态。
e.g.Iknow(that)hedidn’ttellyouwhathewouldcomethen.
Webelieved thathehadearnedenoughmoneytobuildahouse.
Theteachertoldus thatTomhadleftusforAmerica.
Theteachertoldus thatthesunrisesintheeast.
5.一种特殊类型的宾语从句---在这种句子里doyouthink等意为插入语,但实为主句,因此余下部分应用陈述语序
余下部分?
e.g.Where doyouguess ourartfestivalistobeheld?
Who doyouthink thepublicmightchooseastheirfavoritesingerthisyear?
二、主语从句---位于句首,常用it做形式主语
e.g.Thathewillcomeandhelpyou iscertain.(that不充当从句内的任何成分,不可省略)
)
【
(1)
e.g.
(2)
e.g.
e.g.
(4)
e.g.
2.it
e.g.
解题方法:将itis/was…that去掉,看余下部分是否完整,若完整即为强调句式;反之为it作形式主语。
三、表语从句---系动词后(常见系动词:be,look,remain,seem,appear等)
e.g.Theproblemis that theycan’tgethereearlyenough.
Thequestionis whetherwecanreducethecostoftheproduct.
Itlooks asifit’sgoingtorain.
Thequestionis who(whichofyou)willbethenextspeaker.
Whathewantstogetis whateveryouhave.
Thisis whereourproblemlies.
Thatis whyhedidn’t cometothemeeting.
四、同位语从句---抽象名词后(从句对抽象名词进行补充说明或解释说明抽象名词的内容)
e.g.Thenews thathehadlandedonthemoon spreadallovertheworld.
Thethoughtcametohim thatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.
Hemustanswerthequestion whetherheagreestoitornot.
Ihavenoidea whenhewillcomebackhome.
名词性从句高考趋势与考察重点
一、语序问题---名词性从句内部一律使用陈述语序
注意以下句子:
e.g.Idon’tknow whatisthematterwithhim.
Ihavenoidea whatwasthematterwithhim.
Couldyoutellus whatwaswrong/thetroublewithhimyesterday?
二、从句中的虚拟语气问题
1.主语从句:
(1)Itisimportant/natural/necessary/essential/strange/that…(should)do…
(2)Itissuggested/advised/deman ded/ordered/requestedthat…(should)do…
e.g.Itisimportantthateverystudent(should)learn aforeignlanguage.
2.
【insist),
3.为on
4.释on
1.doubt
后面用
e.g.
Ihave
2.sure
e.g.
Areyousure thatyou’vefoundtheanswertothisquestion.
I’mnotsure whe therI’vefoundtheanswertothisquestion.
3.主语是reason时,表语要用that引导而不是because:
e.g.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewas thathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.
4.what和that---that在从句中不充当成分,不含疑问意义,而what在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语,且含有疑问意义。
e.g.ThatTomfelloffhischairbyaccident gottheclassmateslaughing.
WhatTomlearnedinuniversity helpshimalotinhisjob.
=Allthat Tomlearnedinuniversityhelpshimalotinhisjob.
5.连接词wh-和wh-ever选择---前者表示一个特指概念,引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义;