自考英语国家概况一句话简答题美国、英国部分
英美国家概况答案
英美国家概况答案英美国家概况答案【篇一：英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案-简答题(美国部分)】er 81. how is the american population distributed?the distribution of the american population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. the great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los angeles and san francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?the new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.chapter 91. why did american change its policy and enter world war ii? because of the formation of the axis , the american government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten america’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for america’s entrance into the war.2. what were nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing u.s. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. what were the contents of reagan’s economic program? reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.chapter 101. what are the two characteristics of the u.s. constitution? one is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. what are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?a senator must be over 30 years old , a u.s. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a u.s. citizen for no less than seven years.3. what are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national lawsd) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4. what is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?the democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. they stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.chapter 111. what industry developments took place during the colonial period of america?during the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they alsobuilt small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in america had become clear.2. how did the civil war affect the american economy?after the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. why does america try to reduce trade barriers?because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.chapter 121. how does an american university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the sat.2. what functions do american higher education institutions perform?higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. what similarities do four famous university share?they all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. what are the origins of thanksgiving day?thanksgiving is associated with the time when europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. during the following summer the native america helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. so they held a big celebration to thank god and the native americans.第四大题chapter 81．why is the united states regarded as a”melting pot” anda ”salad bowl” ?the united states is not merely a nation,but a nation of nations.the immigrants came in waves,including the europeans,the africans and the asians.therefore,america isdescribed as amelting potwhere various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into american culture.recently,america has been called asalad bowlin that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously,but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2． what do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?the best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward differentcultures.people from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other.society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.at the same time the immigrants should keep their own language,customs and religion,contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society. chapter 91. what was the cause of the american civil war?the southern planters of america needed a large number of black african slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property.in the north,with the development of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.what’s more,t he northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.but the southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries.the accumulating conflicts led to the division of the north and the south and finally the american civil war.2. what made the united states a powerful country by the end of world war ii?during the two world wars,america remained neutral in the early stage.however, americans continued their profitable tradewith the warring countries.therefore,they not only retained their military forces,but also accumulated great wealth.when america entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.by sharing the fruit of victory with other allies,america greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of world war ii.chapter 101. how is the american president voted into office? what are your ideas about the american election?each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency.to win a presidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival.the general election is technically divided into two stages.during the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.in the second stage the electors meet and vote a president.since the second stage is only a kind offormality,everyone knows who will be the next president an soon as the first stage is over.i think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.and, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the u.s. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become president.2. what was president eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?president eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the cold war.he placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war.he also frequently authorized thecia to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened.the cia helped topple the governments of iran and guatemala,but it suffered an embarrassing failure in indonesia.in addition,eisenhower used u.s.power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in south vietnam,which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the united states.chapter 111. how did the u.s constitution lay the groundwork for american’s economic development ?the u.s.constitution,as an economic charter,established that the entire nation was a unified or commonmarket.there were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce.it provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states,establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate its value,fix standards of weights and measures,establish post office and roads,and fix rules governing patents and copyrights.the last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of intellectual property,a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in americas economic development.the government has always played an active and important role in america’s economic development.in the early 1930s,thr united states suffered the worst economic depression in american history.president roosevelt introduced the new deal to tackle the financial crisis.besides,he set up the new york stateemergency relief commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.at the end of 1970s, the american economy again suffered a recession.the reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interest rates.both policies mentioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course,in all,the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people.it has prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.chapter 121. what are the ideals that guide the american educational system?the first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .the second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . the third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. how does america carry out multicultural education?american schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures.current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success.struggle for equality are vividly depicted,and past racism is bluntly acknowledged.cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.【篇二：2016年春《英美国家概况》在线作业及答案】the usschool systems, which of the following divisions is true?a.elementary school, grammar school.b.elementary school, junior high school.c.elementary school, secondary school.d.junior high school, senior high school. 您的答案：c题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.02．第2题to get a bachelor’s degree, an american undergraduatestudent is required to do the following except ____.a.attending lectures and complete assignmentsb.passing examinationsc.taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophyd.earning a certain number of credits at the end of the four years at college您的答案：c题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.03．第3题which of the following is not guaranteed in the bill of rights?a.the freedom of religion.b.the freedom of searching a person’s home by police.c.the freedom of speech and of the press.d.the right to own weapons if one wishes. 您的答案：b题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.04．第4题the reason why many american young people were involved in the social movements of the 1960s wasthat ____.a.they resented traditional white male values in us society.b.they love america so much.c.they thought they knew better than their teachers.d.they viewed the adult world with grave doubt. 您的答案：a题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.05．第5题which of the following institutions isresponsible for the making of the internet?a.the us military.b.the us entertainment industry.c.the us film industry.d.the us education sector.您的答案：a题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.06．第6题which of the following is not a power of the president?a.the president can veto any bill passed by congress.b.the president has the authority to appoint federal judges when vacancies occur.c.the president can make laws.d.the president has broad powers, with the executive branch, to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal departments.您的答案：c题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.07．第7题if a student wants to go to university in britain, he will take the examination called ____.a.general certificate of education – advanced.b.general certificate of secondary education.c.the common entrance examination.d.general national vocational qualifications. 您的答案：a题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.08．第8题where are international tennis championships held in the uk?a.wembley.b.wimbledonc.london.d.edinburgh您的答案：b题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.09．第9题a free press is considered very important to the functioning of parliamentary democracy because _____.a.it plays a watchdog function, keeping an eye on the government.b.it informs people of current affairs in the world.c.it provides people with subjective reports.d.it publishes short pamphlets for parliament. 您的答案：b题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.010．第10题which city is the capital in scotland?a.cardiffb.edinburghc.glasgowd.manchester您的答案：b题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.011．第11题how many counties are there in northern ireland?a.26b.6c.32d.20您的答案：b题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.012．第12题when did scotland join the union by agreement of the english and scottish parliaments?a.in 1715b.in 1688c.in 1745d.in 1707您的答案：d题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.013．第13题what happened in 1215?a.it was the year of norman conquest in british history.b.forced by barons, king john signed the magna carta.c.hey iv granted the commons the power to review moneygrants.d.king egbert united england under his rule. 您的答案：b题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.014．第14题which of the following is not a true description of the queen’s role?a.the queen selects the prime minister and the cabinet.b.the queen symbolises the tradition and unity of the british state.c.the queen acts as a confidante to the primeminister.d.the queen is the temporal head of the church of england.您的答案：a题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.015．第15题which of the following sports was not invented in britain?a.football.b.tennis.c.basketballd.cricket.您的答案：c题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.016．第16题easter commemorates ____.a.the birth of jesus christ.b.the crucifixion of jesus christ.c.the coming of spring.d.the crucifixion and resurrection of jesus christ.您的答案：d题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.017．第17题in the examination called “the 11 plus”, students with academic potential go to ____.a.grammar schools.c.public schools.d.technical schools.您的答案：a题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.018．第18题which of the following description about the【篇三：英语国家概况英国--课后问答题[1]】ass=txt>chapter 1questions for thought:1. what was the british empire? what do you know about it? in what way is the ―empire‖ still felt in britainand in the international field? key points:3. a system of monarchy was observed still on today’s britain, which went through the history. the queen is still the head of the commonwealth.4. the ―empire‖ still can be felt in the following ways:a. there are still close relationships between the uk and the fifty or more countries which used to be its former colonies, and which maintain links through a loose organization called the commonwealth of nations.b. it became one member of the european union since 1973.c. the effect also lies in the makeup of the british population itself. newly immigrants mainly came from the former colonies, specially from india and caribbean area.d. today the monarchrepresents the country in many occasions. e. class exists and lords and peers are obvious evident of the imperial past.2. why does the author say that it is not possible to sum up the british people with a few simple phrases? key points: reasons: 1. regional differences---england, scotland, wales, northern ireland 2. racial differences3. class differences4. cultural differences---highland vs lowland5. religious differences---protestants vs catholics (main in northern ireland) 3. ―british history has been a history of invasion‖. please illustrate this point with the examples from the text.how did each of the invasions influence english culture? key points:4. what are some general characteristics of scotland? how did scotland become part of the union of greatbritain? key points:1. the celts originally lived on scotland, they kept their own culture and language—the gealic.2. around the ad 6th c, people from northern ireland invaded the south-west --- the lowland zone. they were called scots and gave the modern country of scotland its name.3. the scottish people have a strong sense of nationality and desire for cultural independence. they observed some old customs and tradition, like the highland tradition. today, bagpipe, and tartan are considered as the souvenir of the scottish history.4. the division between highland and lowland scotland remains a cultural divide today, in much the same way as northand south england see themselves as different from each other.5. scotland has a great tradition of innovation in the arts, philosophy and science.robert louis stevenson’s famous novel dr jekyll and mr hyde 《吉基尔医生与海德先生》shows that: scotland was superficially fully integrated into the uk, but concealed beneath this is a still-strong scottish identity. union with england in 17071. in 1603, queen elizabeth i of england died. james the 6th of scotland took the throne, called james the first of england; uniting the two thrones2. scotland maintained its separate political identity.3. in 1707, scotland joined the union by agreement of the english and scottish parliaments4. scotland sends 72 representatives to the london parliament.5. describe characteristics of wales and wales’ unification with great britain. characteristics:1.capital: cardiff, on the south coast2.rich coal deposits3.attract foreign investment from japan and u.s, etc. -- new industries to replace coal and steel4.smallest on the british mainland; close to central england; hilly and rugged5.retains a powerful sense of difference from england6.retains its own language; 19% population speaking gaelic unification with great britainacknowledge him as prince of wales by a military campaign, and unified wales as an independent nation. 2.1282, he was killed. the english king edward i named his son the prince of wales, trying to bring wales into the british nation.6. are there any differences between england, scotland and wales in terms of cultural tradition?chapter 2 northern ireland questions for thought:1. why is northern ireland so significant in the uk? what is the political problem there? keys:1. it is significant because of the political troubles there.2. the political troubleoriginal inhabitants were mainly descents of celts; they believed in catholics. the immigrants from scotland and north england in the 17th c, sent by the english king for the sake of better control over ireland, were mainly protestants. their arrival aroused local people’s hostility. they were pressured.in 1921 the ireland got independence while in northern ireland, the majority was protestant and loyalists to the british government, wanted to be separated from the rest parts of ireland.now in northern ireland, the minority—the catholics found it difficult for them to find job. the conflicts between protestants and catholics got increased.to protect the local catholics, the british soldiers stationed northern ireland in 1969, which later accelerated the conflicts between the local people and the british government.2. what are some of the factors in irish and english history that affect the situation in northern ireland today? keys:1. racial,2. religious3. immigration in 17th c.4. the british solders’ station in 1969chapter 3 the government of the united kingdom questions for thought:1. what are some of the characteristics of the british constitutional monarchy? how has the english monarchy evolved gradually to the present constitutional monarchy? 1. the oldest institution of government2. king egbert (埃格伯特国王): the ancestor of the present queen elizabeth ii. united england under his rule in 829.3. divine right of kings (君权神授)---the ancient doctrine held that the sovereign derived his authority from god, not from his subjects. this was used by the kings as an excuse for abusing power. and the dispute over the power of the king and the parliament led to the civil war.4. the civil war set the rights of the parliament. the monarch was kept but his power was limited. the constitution was set up to guarantee rights of people. monarch became a symbol of the country.2. how did the doctrin e of the ―divine right of kings‖, according to the author, lead to the english civil war?what do you know about the causes of the english revolution in the 17th century?king james i believed the divine right of kings, so did his descent---charles i. charles i called his t parliament only when he needed to collect money.the civil war was caused by a dispute over the power of the king against parliament in the 17th c. therepublican ―roundheads‖, led by oliver cromwell, wanted to abolish the monarchy and to reassert the rights of parliament. in 1642, the royalists were defeated and king charles i was executed in 1649.the english civil war not only overthrew feudal in england but also shook the foundation of the feudal rule in europe. it isgenerally regarded as the beginning of modern world history. the civil war was in essence a capitalist revolution because capitalism paved its way of development after the war.3. what is the history of english parliament? what role did the parliament play in the civil war?in medieval times, a group of leading, wealthy barons who were summoned by the king several times a year to give the king some extra money. this was the great council. by the 13th c., representatives of counties, towns and cities were also included in order to raise more money. this was the beginning of what we know as parliament today.in the civil war, the parliament was opposite to the monarchy in their dispute over the power. the republican ―roundheads‖, led by oliver cromwell, wanted to abolish the monarchy and to reassert the rights of parliament.4. discuss the major characteristics and the main content of the british constitution.britain, like israel, has no written constitution. the foundations of the british state are laid out in statute law(成文法), which are laws passed by parliament; the common laws(普通法,判例法), which are laws established through common practice in the courts; and conventions(习惯法), which are rules and practices not existing legally, but regarded as vital to the workings of government.5. why the parliament is supreme in the british sate? what function does parliament have? what role does the queen and the prime minister play in british government?parliament is supreme in the british state because it alone had the power to change the terms of the constitution. there are no legal restraints upon parliament. it can make or change laws,functions: 1) passes laws2) provides the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation3) scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day. the roles of the queen/king1.symbolize the tradition and unity of the british state2.legally head of the executive, (行政部)3.an integral part of the legislature(立法机关)4.head of the judiciary(司法部)2. set standards of good citizenship and family life3. a confidante(知己的女友) to the prime minister, offering valuable observations on the running of government role of the prime ministerking george i was ―imported‖ from germany in 1714 and was not interested in politics, so he left the job of chairing cabinet meetings to one of his cabinet ministers, called the prime minister. later in 1832, elections replaced appointment. the party with the most supporters in the commons forms the government and the leader of that party becomes prime minister.today prime minister and his cabinet compose of the entity of the government.6. what kind of institution is the house of lords? what role does it play in british government?it’s one house of the parliament, but the power of making law and collecting taxes mainly resides on the house of commons. the house of lords consists of the lords spiritual(上议院的神职议员), who are the archbishops and most prominent bishops of the church of england; and the lords temporal(上议院的世俗议员), which refers to those lords who either have inherited the seatfrom their forefathers(called hereditary peers) or they have been appointed(by the sovereign, at the suggestion of the prime minister and were called life peers(终身贵族). the lords mainly represent themselves instead of the interests of the public chapter 4 politics questions for thought:1. who can stand for election as an mp in the uk? why are small parties and independent candidates powerless in the election campaign for the formation of a government?anyone who is eligible to vote can stand as an mp. it is necessary only to make a deposit of 500 pounds which is lost if the candidate does not receive at least 5% of the vote.because even they were to win the seat they would be powerless in parliament against the big parties’ representatives (p54, para1)2. what are three big parties in the uk? what are some of the similarities and dissimilarities between the threeparties?they are the labor party, the conservative party and the liberal democratic party.the labour party--- one of the 2 biggest parties in the uk. it is also the newest party, created by the trade union movement at the end of the 19th century. it is a socialist party, believing that a society should be relatively equal in economic terms, and that the government should redistribute the wealth between the rich and the poor. it also thinks that the government should provide a range of public services for all the people.the conservative party --- one of the 2 biggest parties in the uk. it is basically the party of the individual, protecting the individual’ s right to acquire wealth and to spend i t as he/she wants. it advocates economic policies which are favourable to。
大学英语国家概况复习(名词解释+问答题)
名词解释Unit 1 A Brief Introduction to the United KingdomⅠ第一章英国简介1✧ 1. LondonLondon is the largest city located in the south of the country. It is dominant in Britain in all sorts of ways. It is the cultural and business centre and the headquarters of the vast majority of Britain's big companies. It is not only the financial centre of the nation, but also one of the three major international financial centres in the world.伦敦位于该国南部最大的城市。
从各方面来看，它是英国主导。
它是文化和商业中心，绝大多数英国大公司总部。
它不仅是国家的金融中心，而且在世界三大国际金融中心之一。
2.Robin HoodRobin Hood was a Saxon nobleman. As he could no longer put up with oppressions from the Normans, he became an outlaw and bid himself with his band of "merry men" in the forest. From this secret place, he went out to rob from the rich to give the poor.罗宾汉是一个撒克逊的贵族。
因为他再也无法容忍诺曼人的压迫，他成为逃犯并且让自己和他的"快活人" 帮派呆在森林里。
自考英语国家概况---复习资料--英国国家概况知识点及经济篇英语国家概况经济篇文档.doc
英语国家概况经济篇%1.自然资源英国:Compare with many other countries,Britain has comsiderable reserves of coal.Today British coal mining is called a "sick" industry.Natural gas and oil was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under the North Sea.Britain was the first nation to build a large iron and steel industry.Rich deposits of iron ore were found in central England.As with the coal industry,Britain's steel industry is declining.美国:Fertile soil is one of the most important natural resouces in the United States.America's forest resources are among the world's largest.Another natural resource that contributes to the welfare of the country is water.America is the leaders in production of Coal,iron ore,cpper,oil,sulfur,lead and zine.But short for tin,manganese,and nikel.爱尔兰Ireland is now the largest producer of lead and zinc concentrates in Europe.While Ireland lacks sizeable oil deposits,it has a valuable energy source in the peat,or turt,bogs that cover extensive areas of the country.力口拿大:Water is one of the most important natural resources in Canada.Almost half of the land area of Canada is covered by forests. Canada ranks third,in the production of lumber and other forest products in the world.The largest producer of newsprint in the world.Canada is a primary world producer of nickle,zine and asbestoes,and comes second in potash,third in gold and fourth in copper.Canada is a major world supplier of uranium.Experts believe that the cold fields of Canada may be among the largest in the world.A great deposit of petroleum was discovered south of Edmonton in Alberta. About two thurdsof Canada's petroleum and about four fifths of its natural gas come from Alberta.澳大利亚:Australia is one of the world's biggest producers of minerals and metals.It has major deposits of bauxite,mineral sands,diamonds,and black and brown coal,and large reserves of ores containing gold,lead,zinc,iron,copper,nikel,manganese and uranium. It is the world largest exporter of coal,and a major exporter of uranium.新西兰:There is an increasingly large share of energy comes from local resources:natural gas,crude oil,hydroelectricity and geothermal steam. Coal is of growing importance.Solar energy,vegetable oils and ethylalcohol from fermentation make small contributions.%1.农业英国:The Britain were pioneers in modern agriculture and were among the first to bring science and machinery to farming.The new farming has been called "agribusiness" .There are mainly six farming types in Britain.They are arable farning,dairy fariming, stock farming,mixed farming,hill farming and market gardening.Because of the cool climate,apples,pears and plums grwo very well in Britain.The North Sea has very good fishing grounds.美国:Yet the United States grows nearly one fourth of the world's grain and supplies a half of all the exports of grain in the world.It ranks first,second,or third in the production and export of corn, wheat, rice, soybeans, oranges, meat,milk, apples,oats,cotton,tobaoo, peanuts,and edible vegetable oil.（具体的在什么地方种什么东西可以参照书上P289-291）爱尔兰:Agriculture generates anestimated 11% of the Ireland GNRemploys 17% of the labour force and produces 25% of total exports.The most signigicant recent development in Irish agriculture has been membership in the European Community.加拿大:The land used for agriculture makes up only 7 % in Canada. Canada farms specialize in producing wheat,food crops for animals dairy products,and fruit.Fishing and mining are quiteimportant.The Canada Prairie is the centre of a rich wheat belt.Eastern Canada is noted for a variety of farm products.Dairying is in the lowlands of Quebec and Ontario.Fruits are grown in Western Nova Scotia.澳大利亚:Today,agriculture is the nation's largest and most diverse industry. Australia is one of the world's leading producers of food and natural fibres. Australia is the world's largest exporter of wool,the second largest exporter of meat,the third largest exporter of wheat and a major international supplier of sugar,dairy products,fruits,cotton and rice.Australia's agriculture importance has declined in recent years.新西兰:Vineyards produce international award-winning red and white wines.%1.制造业，工业英国:The textile is one of Britain's oldest.Textiles were on of the country's most vauluable exports.Britain became a world leader in shipbuilding during the middle of the 19th century.The two main centres for shipbuilding were on the River Tyne near Newcastle,England and on the Clyde near Glasgow in Scotland.The Britain motor industry now dominated by four firms(Ford,the RoverGroup,GM-Vauxhall,and Peugeot)There are three areas in Britain which have seen some high-tech industrial growth. Scotland has Europe's largest collection of foreign-owned chip factories.Over 90% of the companies are from the U.S. A.,Japan,the Netherlands and germany.美国:The untied States ranks first,second,third or fourth in the world in the production of crude steel,passenger cars,commercial vehicles,chemi cals,radio sets,television sets,and other manufacturing goods.Manufacturing accounts for about one quarter of theGDRabout one quarter of the national income,and over one fifth of the work force.The industrial regions are the Midwest(the nations's leading centre of heavy industry) round the Great Lakes,the Middle Atlantic states,the South,and the Pacific Coast.爱尔兰:Since the 1961 s,manufactuing has become the mainstay of the Irish economy.Of industrial employment,66% are employed in manufacting.力口拿大:Manufacturing is the mst important economic activity in Canada.Food processing is the leading industry. The manufacture of transportation equipment ranks second. The production of paper and paper related products ranks third, metal products are also important.澳大利亚:The mining industry in Australia has faced new problems in recent years.Australia's service sector is the fastest-growing sector of industry.lt has been growing in importance in recent years.新西兰:There are two steel comanies:New Zealand Steel which uses iron sands from the west coast of North Island,and Pacific Steel which reuses scrap iron.New Zealand is a world leader in the CNA(compressed natural gas) industry.Garments,fabrics and carpets are exported.The fishing industry has expanded greatly and is now the 4th largest export earner.%1.对外贸易英国:Britain is the fifth largest trading country in the world.Napoleon called it a "nation of shopkeepers".Britain's foreign trade is mainly with other developed countries.which accounts for 79% of exports and 85% of imports. About half with EC.Traditionally,Britain has had a deficit on visible trade and a surplus on invisible trade.美国:Currenty U.S. exports are about 15% of the world's total.The Unites States imports about 13% of all world imports.Canada is the largest single source og goods imported by the U.S.‘accounting for nearly 30% of the total. Outside of North America,Europe is the largest source of imports with about 30%,Asia provides about 18%,with smaller percentages from Latin America,Africa,and Australia.爱尔兰:Successive Irish governments have adopted a consistent and postive approoach toward attracting overseas investment.The new foreign firms now account for over 70% of manufactured exports.Ireland is new an industrial exporter.Manufactured goods account for about two-thirds of total wxports.力口拿大:A total about four fifths of all foreign investments in Canada are American.澳大利亚:Australia is a middle-level trading nation.The main feature of Australia's trade is that it has always involved the exchange of raw materials for finished products.Australia's trade relations with China have been developing rapidly in recent years. China accouts for about 3% of Australian total exports.新西兰:Trade is New Zealand's linelihood.Foreign investment is increasing and financial markets are active.Western Europe and particularly Britain have traditionally been New Zealand's major export market.The main imports are industrial raw materials,capital equipment and consumer goods.New Zealand is the world's largest exporter of lamb and mutton as well as dairy products.%1.当今面临的问题英国:Britain is the oldest industrial country in the world.The term "Britain disease" is noew often used to characterise Britain's economic decline.The Evolution of the Britain Economy since the War: 1.Steady development in the 50s and 60s.2.Economic recession in the 70s.3.Economic recovery in the 80s.这里有一部分是撒切尔的宏，微观措施比较重要(P91-92)Irel and FiannaFail,TheSenate,美国:The Untied States has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector. So the economy system of the United States is principally privately owned.But today,many of American people still live under the poverty line.Unemployment,inflation,finacial deficit,and trade deficit are the troubles that always face the United States.爱尔兰:The value of imports generally exceeds that of exports. That's why Ireland has a chronic negative balance of trade.Continuing dependence on imported oil is one of the reasons for the high import bill.力口拿大:In the past few years ho we ver,C anada' s unemployment rate has been high.But what is worth nothing is that the cost for manufacturing has increased while the productivity per worker has decreased as compared with the United States or with its ten trading partners.While Canada has one of the world's highest standards of living,not all regions of the country have enjoyed the same degree of prosperity.Some measures have been taken by the Federal government to help those slow grownth regions. 澳大利亚:Problems of Australia economy: 1 .Over-reliance on commodityexports.2.Failure to share in the expansion of international trade.3.The decline of manufaturing industries and the effects of tariffs.Country Party system HousesBritain The conservative Party, The House of Commons The Labour Party The House of Lorbs The U.S. The Democrats, The Senate,The Republic The House of RepresentativesFine Gael The House of RepresentativesAustralia The Labour Party, The Senate,the Liberal and National Party The House of RepresentativesNew Zealand The National Party,The Labour Party The House of RepresentativesCanada The Liberal Party, The Senate,the Progressive Conservative Party The House of Representatives考试前注意事项考前准备：一、欲善其事，必先利其器。
英语国家概况一句话简答,,中文版
英语国家概况一句话简答,,中文版1.什么是联合王国的完整名称？它是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
2.什么是两个大岛组成不列颠的？他们是英国和爱尔兰。
3.什么是英国的四个政治分歧？他们是英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。
4.联合王国甚么温和的气候，即使它位于北远比我们黑龙江省呢？由于英国的气候受墨西哥湾暖流。
5 英国有.有多少大都市区？英国有七个大都市区。
6.什么是英格兰脊梁呢？它是Pennines。
7.什么是英国第一大湖？它是过冬。
8.从哪种语言是英语得来的？英国主要源自格鲁-撒克逊与诺曼法语的语言。
9.什么是参赛？参赛是诗歌、音乐和其它艺术的威尔士节日。
10.什么苏格兰人过著名的？苏格兰人已成激烈的战士技能、多彩的格子kilts、严密的宗族而闻名。
11.多长时间是在罗马占领下的英国？英国是下近400 年的古罗马人占领。
12.为什么是罗马的英国人出奇有限的影响？罗马对英国人的影响是非常有限的因为罗马人始终被当作奴隶类主体人的英国人，他们从不通婚与本机的英国人。
13.当盎开始在英国定居？盎开始在英国定居在 5 世纪。
14.当英国开始将Christianized？英格兰开始将在579 Christianized。
15.什么是664 惠特比在约克郡的议会的结果？惠特比议会的结果是罗马的传教士占了上风，对凯尔特人的传教士。
16.哈罗德·时候做什么他获悉由T ostig 和Hardrada 哈罗德·诺森堡入侵？他在南方抵制诺曼底的预期的攻击的准备工作。
17 哈罗德· Tostig 和Hardrada.凡打败？哈罗德·击败T ostig 和哈罗德· Hardrada 在斯坦福桥。
18.由谁是威廉·加冕英格兰国王在西敏寺？威廉·加冕英格兰国王在西敏寺由纽约大主教。
19.做威廉后他压抑中北部的撒克逊risings 做？他建了一个字符串的防御城堡，确保整个国家的军事控制。
英语国家概况(课后问答题)
英语国家概况（课后问答题）第一部分英国概况1 What are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain, England, the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth?Britain is the shortened form of the United kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland while the British Isles is a geograpical name.2 What are the three political divisions on the island of Great Britain?They are England, Scotland and Wales 3. What is the official name of Great Britain？The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland4. Where did the King Harold defeat Tostig and Harold Hardrada?( At Stanford Bridge)5.What did William do after he suppressed the Saxon risings in the north?(He built a string of defense castles to ensure his military control of the whole country.)6. How long was Britain under the Roman occupation?( For nearly 400 years)7 What was the peculiar features of the feudal system of England?(All landowners, whether the tenants-in-chief or subtenants, took the oath of allegiance for the land they held, not only to their immediate lord, but also to the king.)8 What did Willliam I leave to his sons after he died?( He left Normandy to his eldest son, Robert, and England to his second son William, and a large sum of money to his third son, Henry.) 9 What was William I’s policytowards the church?(He wanted to keep it completely underhis control, but at the same time toupload its power.)10 When was the Domesday Bookcompleted? ( In 1086)11 What was the consequence of theHundred Years’ War?(The French drove the English out oftheir land. By 1453, Calais was theonly part of France that was still in thehands of English)12 What did the Lollards preach?(The Lollards preached the equality ofmen before God)13 What were the two countriesElizabeth I successfully played offagainst each other for nearly 30years?( France and Spain were the twocountries that Elizabeth I successfullyplayed off against each other for nearly30 years)14 What was the outcome of theEnglish Civil War?(It not only overthrew feudal system inEngland but also shook the foundationof the feudal rule in Europe. It isgenerally regarded as the beginning ofmodern world history.)15 What were the three main causesof Henry VIII’s religious reform ofthe Church?( The three main causes were: a desirefor change and reform in the Churchhad been growing for many years andnow, encouraged by the success ofMarin Luther, many people believed itstime had come; the privilege andwealth of the clergy were also resented;and Henry needed money)16 Which party did MargaretThatcher represent in the 1970s?(She represented the ConservativeParty)17 What did the Whigs stand for inthe early 19th century?Whigs stood for a reduction in Crownpatronage, sympathy towardsNonconformists, and care for theinterests of merchants and bankers.18 Why did changes in farmingmethods affect lives of millions in the18th century?(Because village and agriculture werethe backbone of England at that time.)19 When did Britain finally becomea full member of the EuropeanEconomic Community?(Britain finally became a full memberof the European Economic Communityin January, 1973)20 Why was Mrs. Thatcher removedfrom office in 1990?(It was because of her opposition toEuropean Union and her imposition ofan extremely unpopular flatrate ‘polltax’ in place of property taxes to payfor local government service.21 What were the two groups of theChartiests? What was theirdifference?(The Chartists could be divided intotwo groups: the Moral Force Chartistsand the Physical Force Chartists. Theformer wanted to realize their aims bypeaceful means while the latter wantedto achieve their purpose by violence)22 What was the goal of the LondonWorking Men’s Association in itsstruggle?(It aimed to ‘ t o seek by every legalmeans to place all classes of society inpossession of equal political and socialrights)23 Why was Britain known as thefactory of the world in the mid-19thcentury?(Because the British economy was among the strongest in the world)24 Who has the power to declare war and make peace in the UK?(The Queen)25 How many members of Parliament does the House of Commons in the UK consist of ? (651Members of Parliament)26 What does the British Parliament consist of ?(It consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons) 27 What did the term ‘parliament’ originally mean?( It originally meant a meeting for parley or discussion)28 Where does the Sovereign’s coronation take place?(It takes place at Westminster Abbey in London)29Where does the Queen’s expenditure arising from public duties come from?( The Queen’s expenditure arising from public duties comes from the Civil List and government departments)30 How is the British House of Commons elected?The House of Commons is elected by universal adult suffrage.31 What is a ‘shadow cabinet’ in Britain?( The party which wins the second largest number of seats in parliament becomes the Official Opposition and it forms its own ‘cabinet’ known as ‘shadow cabinet’32 What are the three main Christian festivals in Britain?(The three main Christian festivals in Britain are Christams. Easter, and Whit Sunday.) 33 Who is directly responsible for theNHS in Britain?(Central government is directlyresponsible for the NHS in Britain)34 What are the two establishedchurches in Britain?(They are the Church of England andthe Church of Scotland in Scotland)35 How many provinces does theChurch of England have?(The Church of England has twoprovinces: Canterbury and York)36What is the National Day inBritain?(The birthday of the British Monarch isa National Day in Britain)37 What does ‘Oxbridge’ refer to inGreat Britain?(It refers to the Universities of Oxfordand Cambridge)38 What kind of schools are theindependent schools in Britain?(The independent schools are thosesupported entirely by fees and privatefuns)39What are the three groups ofnation newspapers?(They are quality, popular andmid-market papers.)40 Which religion in Ireland is thelargest non-Catholic denomination?(The Anglican Church of Ireland is thelargest non-Catholic denomination.)41 What was the consequence of theAnglo-Irish Treaty of 1921?(Violent opposition to the treaty byultranationalists led to a civil war.)42 What was the result of growingIrish nationalism in the earlydecades of the 20th century?(Irish nationalism became stronger andeven more violent in the early decadesof the 20th century and climaxed in theEastern Uprising of 1916 in which anIrish Republic was proclaimed.)43 Wht happened after the Englishking was declared the head of theChurch of Ireland replaceing thePope?(There followed centuries of religiousas well as political persecution, whichhelped to strengthen and deepenIreland’s Catholic spirit.)第二部分美国部分1What are the two novels giving avivid description of the miserable lifeof the black slaves?(Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots)2 What is the reason for the growthof population in Florida?(Florida’s population growth owesmuch to its attractiveness both as aplace to retire and as a convenientplace for business with and travel toCentral and South America)3 When did the higher birth rateappear in the United States?(The birth rate appeared during ‘thebaby boom’[1946-1964])4 When was the Declaration ofIndependence adopted?(It was adopted on July4,1776)5Please write any three of the 13colonies the British established alongthe east coast of North Americabetween 1607 and 1733.(Virginia,Maine, New Hampshire)6What are the implications of the‘Manifest Destiny’?The implications of ‘manifest Destiny’are three fold(1)the inevitability of thefounding of the United States ofAmerica; (2)the legitimacy of theexpansion of America Territory; (3) thespread of American democracy beingthe task of American people who werecholsen to do the Lord’s work.7 What were the two seriousweaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?They were:(1)There was no national executive or law-enforcing branch;(2)Congress was too large a body to function as government. And Congress had no power to raise taxes. 8What agreement did America and Britain sign in 1783 by which Britain recognized the independence of the United States? The Treaty of Paris9 What were the features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development? They were representive form of government, rule of law, respect of individual rights, religious tolerance and a strong spirit of individual enterprise.10What does the American War of Independence show?The American War of Independence shows that in a just war, a weak nation can defeat a strong one.11 what was the policy of the British government for the 13 colonies in North America?The policy of the British government for the 13 American colonies was to bring their development under control and to collect more taxes from the colonies.12 What foreign policy did the American government pursue in the early 1930s?The American foreign policy was isolationist in the early 1930s.13 Name three examples of intolerant nationalism in the US in the 1920s.The Red Scare in 1919and 1920, the death sentence of Sacco and Vanzetti, and the revival and growth of the KU Klus Klan. 14 What were the immediate causesthat led the United States into theFirst World War?The immediate causes were Germany’sunlimited submarine warfare andGermany’s attempt to get Mexico intothe war against the United States.15 What caused the Second WorldWar?The Second World War was the resultof struggle between the great powersfor control of the world and militaryexpansion of the countries of NaziGermany, Fascist Italy and militaristJapan.16 What were American wartimeobjectives during the Second WorldWar?American wartime objectives werethe total destruction of the Axis powersand the establishment of a world orderafter unconditional victory in accordwith American ideals and interests.17 What was the policy pursued bythe American government at thebeginning of World WarI ?The Amercan government declaredneutrality but the policy it pursued wasa policy of pro-Ally partiality.18 What were the three cornerstonesof American postwar economicboom?They were the automobile , housing,and defense industries.19 What was the most importantdocument produced between Chinaand the United States when PresidentNixon visited China in 1972?It was the Shanghai Communique.20 What was the theory put forwardby the Soviet Union in around 1946?There could be no long-term peacefulco-existence between socialism andcapitalism.21 What measures did the UnitedStates take in the Cuban MissileCrisis?The United States adopted a navalblockade around Cuba and demandedthe dismantlement and withdrawal ofthe missile from Cuba.22 What are Conglomerates in theUSA ?Conglomerates are big companies thatown several smaller businesses whoseproducts and services are usually verydifferent.23 What does IBM stand for?It stands for International BusinessMachine.24 What’s the most central functionof the Congress in the United States?The most central funcation of USCongress is the passage of laws.25 What are the two major partiesthat dominate American politics atthe federal , state and local levels?They are the Democrats and theRepublicans.26 What are the three branches inthe US federal government ?They are the legislative, the executiveand the judicial branches.27 What is known as the‘winner-take-all’ system?The presidential candidate with thehighest number of votes in each statewins all the electoral votes of that state.28 What mechanism did the writersof the Constitution introduce toprovide sageguards?They introduced the mechanism ofseparation of powers and checks andbalances.29 Who is the President of theSenate?The President of the Senate is VicePresident.30 What are the pincipal functions of American higher education?The principal functions are teaching, research and public service.31 What is the outstanding characteristic of American education ?Diversity is considered to be an outstanding characteristic of American education.32 What is the difference between an academic high school and a technical school?An academic high school only aims to prepare students for college while a technical school provides students for a variety of occupations and vocations.33 Why are there many variations in the education system of the 50 states?Because each state has the freedom to develop as extensive or limited a school system as it desires, and delegate its power over education to local districts to the extent it wishes. 34 According to the 1994 Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, there are different kinds of institutions of higher education in America. What are the major kinds of them?The major kinds of the institutions of higher education in America are research universities, doctoral universities, master’s comprehensive colleges and universities, liberal arts colleges, junior colleges and speacialized institutions.35 What is the general view of the American on education?They regard education as both an individual benefit and a social neccessity.36 Who were the writers of the first American writings?They were the first settlers in Englishcolonies.37 Why did Hawthorne attacktranscendentalism?Because transcedentalism glorifiedabsolute individualism with no regardfor any social impact.38 What did Mark Twain want toshow in The Adventures ofHuckleberry Finn?He wanted to show the basic goodnessand wisdom of ordinary people anddescribe the social life of Americanpeople.39 What is Harlem Renaissance?Black Literature is an important partof American Literature. In 1920, BlackLiterature developed into an upsurgewhich has come to be known as theHarlem Renaissance.40 Name two of Theodore Dreiser’snovels?Sister Carrie; An American Tragedy.41 What did the writers of the firstAmerican writings write about?They wrote about their voyages to thenew land, about adapting themselves tounfamiliar climates and crops.42 Which speech given by Emersonin 1837 was considered theintellectual Declaration ofIndependence?The speech of ‘The AmericanScholar’ given by Emerson in 1837was considered the intellectualDeclaration of Independence.42 Why were American childrenawarded he 1936 Nobel Peace Prize?Because more and more children haveasked pennies instead of candies forUNIGEF to help children in othercountries.43 When is ‘Trick or treat’playedand what does it mean?It is in Halloween. It means that giveme something nice, or I’ll play a trickon you.44 What is the legal holiday observedannually in the US on the fourthThursday of November ?Thanksgiving Day.45 What do universities usually do tocelebrated the Valentine’s Day?Universities usually hold aSweethearts’ Ball for the youngstudents to celebrate the Valentine’sDay.第三部分加拿大，澳大利亚,新西兰46 What is the largest city ofCanada?In Canada, Toronto is the largest city.47 When was the Canadian PacificRailway completed?It was completed in 1885.48 Who founded the first permanentsettlement at Quebec in 1608?Samuel de Champlain.49 What was the most importantevent that took place in Canadaunder Sir John Macdonald?In 1869, under Sir John Macdonald,Canada bought from the Hudson’s BayCompany the vast middle west fromwhich the provice of Manitoba, andlater other prairie provinces andnorthern territories were formed.50Which system made the greaterchange in Candadian immigrationpolicy in 1967？The greater change in Canadianimmigration policy in 1967 was theintroduction of point system.51What is the mother tongue of themajority of those who speak bothEnglish and French in Canada?French52 Who are the native people livingin Australia? They are the Aboriginals.53 What is ‘urban sprawl’?The term urban sprawl is used to describe a city that has grown over a large area of land.54 What is Australia popularly known as in the West?It is popularly known as ‘the Land Down Under’55 What does the Outback refer to in Australia?In Australia, the Outback usually refers to the interior and the centre of the Western Plateau and its northern plains.56 Why are there so few people in Australia?Because most of the continent is hot and dry.57 Why does Great Britain have the greatest influence upon Australia? Great Britain has had the greatest influence upon Australia because Australia was settled as a British colony.58 What is partly the reason for New Zealand to have changeable weather and to beoften windy?Partly because New Zealand is an island in southern latitudes, it has changeable weather and it is often windy.59 What are the two largest North Island rivers in New Zealand?They are the Waikato and the Wanganui.60 How could you describe the climate in New Zealand?The climate of New Zealand is generally temperate, but because the country runs northsouth, the climate is varied.。
英语国家概况课后题
英语国家概况课后题摘要：一、英语国家概况概述1.英美两国的历史背景2.地理位置及气候特点3.政治体制及社会制度二、英国概况1.历史发展简述2.地理位置及气候特点3.政治体制及社会制度4.经济状况及产业结构5.文化教育及著名旅游景点三、美国概况1.历史发展简述2.地理位置及气候特点3.政治体制及社会制度4.经济状况及产业结构5.文化教育及著名旅游景点正文：一、英语国家概况概述英语国家概况主要涉及英国和美国两个国家。
这两个国家具有深厚的历史背景，独特的地理位置和气候特点，以及各自的政治体制和社会制度。
在这部分，我们将对这两个国家进行简要的概述。
二、英国概况英国，全名“大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国”，位于欧洲西北部，由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个部分组成。
英国是一个具有君主立宪制政体的国家，现任君主是伊丽莎白二世女王。
英国气候多样，但总体上属于海洋性气候，四季分明。
英国的经济以服务业为主，特别是金融、教育、旅游等产业具有较高地位。
在文化教育方面，英国拥有世界一流的大学，如牛津、剑桥等，吸引了全球众多学子前来求学。
著名旅游景点包括白金汉宫、大本钟、伦敦塔桥等。
三、美国概况美国，全名“美利坚合众国”，位于北美洲，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋。
美国是一个民主共和制国家，实行总统制。
美国的气候同样多样，但大部分地区属于温带大陆性气候。
美国是全球最大的经济体，拥有高度发达的工业、农业和服务业。
美国在科技、金融、航空航天等领域具有领先地位。
在文化教育方面，美国拥有众多世界顶级大学，如哈佛、耶鲁、斯坦福等。
著名旅游景点包括自由女神像、大峡谷、黄石国家公园等。
以上就是对英国和美国这两个英语国家的概况介绍。
英语国家概况：一句话问答(英美部分)
28. Who was the French national heroine during the Hundred Year’s War who helped the French to drive the English out of France?
William was crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey by the Archbishop of York.
19. What did William do after he suppressed the Saxon risings in the north?
5. How many metropolitan areas does England have?
England has seven metropolitan areas.
6. What is the backbone of England?
It is the Pennines.
The exceptional privileges enjoyed by the clergy brought Henry II into collision with Thomas Becket.
27. What are the two aspects of the Norman legacy that contributed to great domestic unrest in England in the 12th and 13th centuries?
自考英语国家概况一句话简答题美国、英国部分
1. How does the United States rank among the countries of the world in population and area?The United States of America is the third-largest country in the world in population and the fourth-largest country in area.人口：印度-中国-美国-面积：俄罗斯-加拿大-中国-美国-巴西-澳大利亚-印度2. What are the two major mountain ranges in the United States?They are the Appalachian Highlands 阿巴拉契亚山脉and the Rocky Mountains. 落基山脉3. What is the Continental Divide, or Great Divide?The Continental Divide, or Great Divide, is an imaginary line that separates streams that flow into the Pacific Ocean from those that flow into the Atlantic.4. What are the five Great Lakes of the United States?They are Erie, Huron, Michigan, Ontario, and Superior.5. How many geographical regions can be found in the United States? What are they? There are seven geographical regions in the United States. They are New England, the Middle Atlantic States, the southern States, the Midwestern States, the Rocky Mountain states, the Southwestern States, and the Pacific Coast States and the New States.6. What states are in New England?New England is made up of six states of the North-East. They are Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.7. Apart from Now York City, what other large cites are located in the Middle Atlantic region? Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Buffalo, and Newark.8. What is the Midwest famous for?The Midwest is famous for its large stretches of fertile soil.9. What states make up the Pacific Coast Region?The region known as the Pacific Coast includes the western parts of Washington and Oregon and nearly all of California.10. What role does tourism play in Hawaii’s economy?Tourism is Hawaii’s most important industry.11. What is the population of the United States? How does it rank in the world?The United States is the third most populous country in the world after China and India, with a population of 267 million (estimated) in April 1997.12. What is the reason for the growth of population in Florida?It is because of its warm climate and convenience in doing business with and traveling to Central and South America.13. Which are the five biggest cities, in terms of population, in the United States?New York,Los Angeles,Chicago, San Francisco, Philadelphia.14. Why are people moving so often in the United States?People often move from one place to another for various reasons:to look for better job opportunity or for better climate or for other goals.15. What are some of the consequences of the outflow of city residents to the suburbs?The movement brings serious consequences to big cities:1）rising unemployment rate,2）the increase of the number of poor people,3）the worsening of city living conditions4）and the fall of government revenues.16. Which are the three largest groups of Hispanics?The Chicanos, the Puerto Ricans and the Cuban-Americans.17. Why do many Puerto Ricans go to the United States?They are drawn to the United States by better job opportunities.18. What explanation do experts give for the success of Asian-Americans?The experts attribute the success to Asian cultural tradition: emphasis on education, hard work and family.19. What was the fate of Japanese-Americans in WWII?The Japanese-Americans were taken to relocation centers in isolated parts of the western mountain and plains states and stayed behind barbed wires.20. Can you give an example to show the awakening of American Indians?Many Indians are taking legal steps to demand compensation for land and resources grabbed from them illegally.21. What is one of the explanations of how the early Indians came to the Americans?One of the explanations is the Indians crossed from Asia on the landbridge that connected Siberia and Alaska.22. How did the Plymouth settlers manage to survive?The neighboring Indians came to teach them how to grow corn and they succeeded in having a good harvest.23. In what way were the Puritans different from the Pilgrims?The Pilgrims were mostly poor, labouring people while the Puritans were wealthy, well-educated gentlemen.24. Did the War of Independence start with the adoption of the Declaration of Independence? No. It started when clashes （冲突）took place at Concord and Lexington.25. What was the chief weakness of the Articles of Confederation?The chief weakness was the document failed to set up a government that couldfunction.26. What was the significance of the adoption of the Bill of Rights?The adoption of the Bill of Rights in addition to the Constitution completed the foundation of the American constitutional system.27. Why did American territorial expansion threaten British interest?Because some Americans wanted to take advantage of the war in Europe to expand into Canada. This ran counter to British interest.28. What was the Compromise of 1850?The Compromise of 1850 was an arrangement which kept a balance between free and slave states in the Senate（参议院）.29. Why did the Civil War break out?The Civil War broke out because the southern states left the Union and formed a new nation but president Lincoln was determined to maintain the Union.30. How did the government help in the development of American economy?The government carried out the policy of trade protectionism.（贸易保护政策-提高进口产品的关税，降低出口产品的关税）31. What were the three features in the growth of American economy at the beginning of the 20th century?Large corporation, 联合企业urbanization 城市化and new technology 新技术were the three features.32. What was the basic demand of the Progressive Movement?The basic demand was government regulation of economic and social conditions. 33. Why did the United States pursue a policy of pro-Ally partiality in the early part of WWI?Because of ethnic ties, cultural tradition, social background, economic interests and successful British propaganda（宣传）, the U.S. government pursued such a policy. 34. What were the immediate causes that led the United States into the war?The immediate causes were Germany’s unlimited submarine warfare and Germany’s attempt to get Mexico into the war against the United States.35. What government policies in the 1920s helped big business?The policies of tariff protection, favorable tax rates and little government restrictions contributed to high profits of big businesses.36. How did many Americans view their country after WWI?They believed that American political, economic and social institutions were the best in the world.37. What was the experience of WWI veterans demanding payment of bonuses in WashingtonD.C. in 1932?They were driven out of the capital by military force directed by General McArthur. 38. What were some of the personal characteristics of F.D.R. that helped him in doing his work as president?He had a sure sense of what was practical or possible, a strong sense of timing and was a great communicator.39. What were the two guiding principles underlying American diplomatic activities in WWII? The first was to win the war; 打胜仗the second was to bring the Soviet Union into a postwar world order under American leadership. 控制战后世界格局40. What was the basic reason for the postponement of the opening of the Second Front?It was a reflection of the desire of not letting the Soviet Union expand into eastern and central Europe too quickly.41. What was the postwar strategy of the United States?The strategy was American leadership of the world and open market for American goods and capital.42. What was the theory put forward by the Soviet Union in around 1946?There could be no long-term peaceful co-existence between socialism and capitalism.43. What was the immediate cause of the Berlin crisis in 1948?The Soviet Union cut off Western routes to West Berlin.44. What decision did President Truman make to deal with the Berlin crisis?He decided to mobilize all possible American cargo planes to airlift supplies into West Berlin.45. What effect did the Berlin blockade have on the people in West Berlin and western occupied zones?it pushed the people in West Berlin and western occupied zones further to the side of the United States because they were grateful for American airlifts.46. What measure did the United States take in the Cuban Missile Crisis?The United States introduced a naval blockade 封锁，阻塞around Cuba and demanded the dismantlement拆除and withdrawal 撤走of the missiles from Cuba.47. Did the allies of the United States give their full support to the U.S. in the Vietnam War? No , some criticized the United States for escalation 扩大of the war, some refused to support American war efforts.48. What is the significance of the Shanghai Communique?The key thing is American commitment to a one China policy.49. What is the importance of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?The Act outlawed 被剥夺法律权利racial discrimination in housing and employment.50. What is the Port Huron Statement about?The Port Huron Statement was the platform of the Students for a Democratic Society ( SDS ) which condemned racism, poverty amidst plenty, big corporations and the Cold War.51. How does the United States rank among the countries of the world in the total value of its economic production?The United States ranks first among the countries of the world in the value of its economic production.52. What kind of system is the United States economy based on?The United States economy is based on a free enterprise system.53. What are the factors that have helped build the United States into the economic giant it is today?The United States has one of the world’s most varied populations, and the vast space and resources of the land, the ideals of freedom and economic opportunity, and hard work by the people have helped build the United States into the economic giant it is today.54. What are the major natural resources in the United States?Fertile soil, forests, water, and minerals are the major natural resources in the United States.55. What are some of the leading farm products in the United States?They are corn, wheat, beef cattle, milk, soybeans, cotton, chickens and eggs, and hogs.56. What has helped make U.S farms the most efficient in the world?The use of modern farm machinery and agricultural methods has helped make U.S. farms the most efficient in the world.57. What areas have long been major U.S centers of manufacturing?The Midwest and Northeast.58. How does California rank among the states in the value of its manufactured goods? California ranks first among the states in the value of its manufactured goods.59. What are the problems the U.S economy has faced form time to time?They are recessions, depressions and inflation.60. Why is the poverty rate higher in the United States than in several other industrialized nations, including Canada, Australia, and Germany?Because they have more generous social programs for the poor and a higher minimum wage than the United States.61. What role has the Constitution played?The Constitution has been the basis for the evolution of governmental institutions and for political stability, economic growth and social progress in the United States.62. What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?The weaknesses were: there was no national executive to enforce the laws and there was no national court system and Congress had no power to tax, nor to regulate trade between states.63. What mechanism did the writers of the Constitution introduce to provide safeguards? They introduced the mechanism of separation of powers and checks and balances. 64. What are the three branches of the government?They are the legislative, the executive and the judicial.65. How is the American president elected?The voters vote for the electors and the electors vote for the president. But as soon as the votes of the voters are counted the number of electors for each candidate is known and who has won the election is known.66. According to the Constitution, what judicial power does the President have?He has the power to give reprieves and pardons in federal criminal cases.67. How are the two chambers of Congress made up?The Senate is composed of two members from each state, with a total number of 100 while membership in the House of Representatives is based on population. Currently the House has 435 members.68. What are the two special powers of the Senate?One is to confirm presidential appointments and the other is to ratify treaties by a tow-thirds vote.69. What is the composition of the federal court system?The federal court system consists of a supreme court, 11 courts of appeals, 91 district courts ( including one for the District of Columbia and one for Puerto Rico ) and three courts of special jurisdiction.70. What is the cause for the decline of the influence of political parties?The near destruction of the patronage system and the wide use of direct primaries in the selection of delegates to the party national conventions contribute to the decline of the influence of political parties.71. Is there any single sex educational institution in the U.S.?Yes, there are quite a number.72. Why is it that responsibility for education fall on the state?Because it is laid down in the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution.73. Why are there many variations in the education system of the 50 states?Because each state is expected to develop policies for the education within its boundary.74. Who is the chief executive officer under the local board of education?The superintendent of schools.75. What are the three types of high schools?They are comprehensive, academic, vocational and technical schools.76. Why does the number of graduate school enrollment keep climbing?Because an advanced degree is viewed as a major way to move ahead in the career.77. What are the fields favored by postgraduates?Those fields that would not only make students easily employed but would provide them with rewarding jobs.78. What is the guiding principle of community college?It is higher education for everyone and the philosophy that equality must mena equal opportunity for self-realization and for the recognition of individual difference.79. What are the two focuses of the reform in the 1980s?They are the raising of the standards of teaching and learning and the restructuring of the schools.80. Are the goals set out in the plan “America 2000” easy to achieve?No, they are very difficult to achieve.81. Who were the writers of the first American writings?They were the first settlers.82. How does the story “Rip Van Winkle” end?When the story ends, Rip Van Winkle’s fierce wife is dead and he lives happily with his daughter.83. What is Emerson’s view o f man and nature?He holds that man’s relationship with nature should not be confined to making use of nature.84. Why did Hawthorne attack transcendentalism?Because it glorified absolute individualism without any regard for social impact.85. What does Mark Twain want to put across in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn?He wants to show the basic goodness and wisdom of ordinary people.86. What does “leaf of grass” stand for?It stands for all ordinary things and common people.87. What were the two guides for Dickinson in her search for faith?They wee the Bible and the philosophy of Emerson.88. What contrast did Dreiser make in Sister Carrie?He made sharp contrast of wealth and poverty in Chicago and New York.89. What was the first uniquely American contribution to architecture?It was skyscraper.90. When did rock ‘n’ roll become the standard form of popular music for teenagers?By the early 1960s it had become the standard popular m91. What do people say to each other at Time Square when the clock strikes at twelve o’clock on New Year’s Day?They say Happy New Year.92. Why did Congress vote to set a day in honor of Martin Luther King?Because he was respected and loved by the Americans, black and white, for his leadership of the Civil Rights Movement.93. Why was Lincoln considered to be a man who lived out the American Dream? Because Lincoln was born in a poor family in Kentucky and through hard work and study , honesty, he became America’s sixteenth President.94. What do peop le usually do on Valentine’s Day?It is popular to send cards decorated with hearts and flowers to express love.95. Why do children eat cherry pies on Washington’s birthday?Because they are familiar with the story of Washington and the cherry tree and they eat cherry pie to remember him as an honest man.96. What are the two symbols frequently associated with EasterThey are the egg and the hare ( or the bunny ).97. What did a group of women in the south do on May 30, 1868?They decorated the graves of both Union and Confederate soldiers.98. Why were American children awarded the 1965 Nobel Prize for peace?They were awarded the prize for their collection of money for UNICEF to help children in developing countries.99. Why was the unknown soldier buried at Arlington in 1921 awarded two medals?The honors were not for one but for all who had given their lives in the war.100. What is the typical food for Thanksgiving dinner?The typical food is roast turkey, pumpkin pie and cranberry sauce.。
英语国家概况复习整理
英语国家概况复习整理英语国家概况一、国家概况英语是世界上使用最广泛的第二语言，几乎所有英语国家都以英语为官方语言。
以下是几个代表性的英语国家概况：1. 英国（United Kingdom）英国位于欧洲大陆的西北部，由四个国家组成：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。
英国是一个君主立宪制国家，伦敦是其首都和最大城市。
英国是工业革命的发源地之一，对现代科学、文化和法律产生了重要影响。
2. 美国（United States）美国是一个位于北美洲的联邦共和制国家，由50个州组成。
华盛顿特区是其首都，纽约市是最大城市。
美国是世界上最大的经济体和军事力量之一，对全球政治、经济和文化具有巨大影响。
3. 加拿大（Canada）加拿大是北美洲最北端的国家，是一个君主立宪制国家。
渥太华是其首都，多伦多是最大城市。
加拿大是世界上最大的国家之一，拥有丰富的自然资源和文化多样性。
4. 澳大利亚（Australia）澳大利亚是世界上面积第六大的国家，位于南太平洋地区。
堪培拉是其首都，悉尼是最大城市。
澳大利亚以其独特的自然景观、丰富的动植物种类和多元文化而闻名。
5. 新西兰（New Zealand）新西兰位于南太平洋地区，由北岛和南岛组成。
惠灵顿是其首都，奥克兰是最大城市。
新西兰以其美丽的自然景观和友好的人民而闻名，是旅游和冒险活动的热门目的地。
二、国家特点1. 文化和历史英语国家的文化和历史各具特色。
英国的文化底蕴深厚，有着悠久的王室传统和文学艺术遗产。
美国是一个移民国家，融合了来自世界各地的文化，拥有独特的美国梦和好莱坞电影文化。
加拿大和澳大利亚等英联邦国家也保留了英国文化的一些传统，并发展了自己的多元文化。
2. 经济和科技英语国家在经济和科技领域具有强大实力。
英国在金融、教育、文化创意产业等领域发达，是世界上最重要的金融中心之一。
美国是全球最大的市场之一，科技创新领域具有很高的竞争力。
加拿大和澳大利亚等国也在自然资源开发和高科技产业方面表现出色。
英语国家概况复习整理精选全文完整版
可编辑修改精选全文完整版英语国家概况复习整理一、单选题知识点：1.英国部分英国的主要岛屿：Great Britain and IrelandEdinburgh(爱丁堡)是苏格兰的首都英国有超过60 million的人口Northern Ireland是4个英国组成部分中最小的一个1/4 人口住在southeastern England英语属于Indo-European 语系中的Germanic(日耳曼语)基督教额引入为英国添加了第一笔 Latin and Greek色彩中世界英语被Norman influence强化塞缪尔.约翰逊的词典的意义是建立了Spelling的标准目前，将近a quarter的世界人口讲英文The Gremanic对罗马的进攻结束了罗马人占领英国在7世纪晚期，Roman Christianity(天主教会)处于英格兰的主导地位Westminster Abbey(威斯敏斯特教堂)建立在Edward the confessor(忏悔者爱德华)时期The Norman conquest 标志着Feudalism(封建制度)在英国的建立玫瑰花战争带来the House of Tudor的统治宗教改革(Religious Reformation)的直接原因是亨利三世国王divorce his wife英国革命在1642年爆发于Royalists and Parliamentarians(保皇党人和国会议员)之间Bill of Right(人权法案)在Glorious Revolution (光荣革命)后被通过19世纪中期英国的Industrial Revolution完成英国在20世纪初期面临着强烈的全球帝国统治挑战英国政府的三权分立：judiciary(司法),legislature(立法)及executive(行政)，而不包括momarchy(君主) 英国君主的重要性体现在他在public attitude方面的影响British Cabinet(内阁)在Collective responsibility(集体负责制)的原则下工作英国Priry Council(枢密院)的主要责任是Give advice英国议会大选每5年举行一次Scotland拥有建立在罗马法律基础上的独特的法律系统英国议会的经营是two-party(两党的)模式保守党的政策是典型的Pragmatism(实用主义)和 a belief in individualism(个人主义的信仰)工会党(The Labor Prty)的影响是建立了全国健康服务体制(National Health Service)英国经济到1800s实现了全球统治在1946年，英国议会通过了两个重要法案，建立了福利规定1970s早期的The oil crisis(石油危机)恶化了本来已经不景气的英国经济布莱尔政府没有在reducing inequality方面获得成功英国开垦了74%的土地用于发展农业英国的渔业地区不包括The sea area between Britain and Ireland在英国，煤矿产业提供了1/4的能源英国汽车产业几乎全部是Foreign-owned(外企)英国文艺复兴时期最光辉的成就是drama(戏剧)"Preface to Lyrical Ballads"是浪漫诗的开篇之作Thomas Hardy 是19世纪批判现实主义的代表Waiting for Godot是Samuel Bekett 写的2.美国部分美国大陆上有48个statesAlaska是最大的州美国在 central North America ,加拿大在它的北面，墨西哥在南面，大西洋在它的东面，太平洋在它的西面美国最大的河流是Mississippi River哈佛、耶鲁和MIT等著名大学位于New EnglandNiagara Falls(尼亚加拉瀑布)位于美国-加拿大边境上阿拉斯加人口中没有the Blacks美国最大的少数民族是the Blacks1924年的移民法案限制美国的进一步移民，尤其是来自欧洲的美国文化主流的特点是：English-speaking,Western European,Protestant and Middle-class第一个北美殖民地建立在Jamestorn,VirginiaPilrim Fathers 是一群Paritans(清教徒)，他们为了逃避在英国的迫害而来到美国7年战争发生在French and British之间"No taxation without represtation"是The people of 13 colonies的口号美国独立战争的第一枪在Lexingto (列克星顿)打响1775年5月，The second continenta congrsee 在Philadelphia举行林肯签发了Declaration of Independence承诺给予所以奴隶自由第二次世界大战开始时，美国是neutrality(中立的)政策Roosevelt(罗斯福)新政处理了大萧条的问题越南战争继续受Eisenhower,kennedy and johnson的影响美国的ore(矿石)只占世界很小部分现代美国经济经历了faming economy,handcraft economy,最终形成industrial economy第一家国家银行是在Alexander Hamilton时期建立的美国1/3粮食用于出口目前，美国出口占世界10%美国常规教育包括elementary,secondary and higher education美国高等教育开始于Harvard University 的建立MIT没有出过总统美国国庆节在July 4thWashington Irving 是美国文学之父Tony Morrison是第一个获得诺贝尔奖文学奖的非裔美国人二、名词解释：1. American Civil War(美国内战)American Civil War is a war that was fought in the US between 1861 and 1865 when 11 southern states rebelled against the federal government. The southern states were beaten, and as a result of the war, slaves became free.2.Melting pot and salad(大熔炉)The melting pot is an analogy for the way in which homogeneous societies develop, in which the ingredients in the pot (people of different cultures, races and religions) are combined so as to develop a multi-ethnic society. The term, which originates from the United States, is often used to describe societies experiencing large scale immigration from many different countries.3.American Constitution(美国宪法)American Constitution，which was drawn up in 1787 and came into effect in 1789,is the basic law of the land.For over two centuries,it has guided the development of government institution and has the basis for the nation，s political stability,economic growth and social progress.4.Cold War(冷战)In the spring of 1947 ,for the purpose of establishing the U.S.hegenmiony(霸权) in postwar world,President Truman declared the "Tueman Doctrine",aiming at expanding American sphere of influence.This marked the beginning of the Cold War period.the Cold War exerted great influence in Europe,and two Germanys were founded.Then,in April 1949,the U.S.allied with other Western countries,forming the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.While seeking to prevent Communist ideology from gaining further adherents(追随者) in Europe, the U.S.also responded to the challenges elsewhere.5.Thanksgiving(感恩节)Thanksgiving is a associated with the time when Europeans first came to the New World.In1620,the Mayflower arrived and brought about 150 Pilgrims.Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food,so many of them died.During the following summer the Native Americans helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest.So they held a big celebration to thank God and the Native Americans.6.British Labor Party(英国工会党)British Labor Party known as a party of high taxation,was created by the growing trade union movement at the end of the 19th century.It quickly replaced the Liberal Party as one of the two largest political parties.The Labor government that come to power in 1945 had a major effort on British society. It set up the National Health Service.The party activities are largely funded by the trade unions.7.British Conservative Party(英国保守党)By and large, the Conservative Party is supported by those who have something to "conserve".Economically,the Conservative Party supports free enterprise and privatization of state-owned enterprise.It is against too much government intervention,especially nationalization.The Conservative Partyfavors reducing the influence of trade unions and minimizing expenditures on social welfare.Its policies are charactized by pragmatism and a belied in individualism.monwealth of Nations（联邦国家）The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign statse,all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head.The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort,and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs.It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence.The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy,human rights,and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.9.Critical Realism(批判现实主义)The Critical Realism of the 19th centry flourished in the 1840s and the early 1850s.The Critical Realism described the chief traits of the society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint.The greatest English realist was Charles Dickens.10.Standard English (标准英语)Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England.It is widely used in media and taught at school .It is preferred by the educated,middle-class people .It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct British English .It is also the norm carried overseas.Today Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is thought and used.三、简答题：1.what is the full name of the UK?The full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2.why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery ,to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3.How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they ?The development of the English language can be divided into three periods : Old English ,Middle English and Modern English.4.Why did English become more important after the Black Death?The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death,so English also grew in importance compare to French.。
英语国家概况(中英)(57页)
英语国家概况（An Overview ofEnglishSpeaking Countries）一、英国（United Kingdom）1. 地理位置：英国位于欧洲大陆的西北边缘，由大不列颠岛、北爱尔兰和若干小岛组成。
2. 首都：伦敦（London），是英国的政治、经济、文化和交通中心。
3. 官方语言：英语4. 人口：约6600万，其中英格兰占最大比例。
5. 国旗：英国国旗被称为“米字旗”，由蓝、白、红三种颜色组成。
6. 经济：英国是世界上发达国家之一，拥有强大的金融、工业和科技实力。
7. 教育体系：英国教育体系享誉世界，牛津、剑桥等世界知名学府坐落于此。
8. 文化特色：英国有着丰富的历史文化底蕴，如莎士比亚、牛顿、披头士乐队等均诞生于此。
同时，英国也是现代足球的发源地。
二、美国（United States of America）1. 地理位置：美国位于北美洲，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，南接墨西哥湾和加勒比海，北邻加拿大。
2. 首都：华盛顿特区（Washington, D.C.），是美国政治中心。
3. 官方语言：英语4. 人口：约3.3亿，是世界上第三人口大国。
5. 国旗：美国国旗被称为“星条旗”，由红、白、蓝三种颜色组成。
6. 经济：美国是全球最大的经济体，拥有强大的科技创新能力和金融市场。
7. 教育体系：美国教育资源丰富，世界顶尖大学如哈佛、斯坦福等均位于此。
8. 文化特色：美国文化多元化，涵盖了欧洲、亚洲、非洲等多种文化元素。
好莱坞电影、NBA篮球、美式足球等在全球具有广泛影响力。
三、加拿大（Canada）1. 地理位置：加拿大位于北美洲北部，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，北接北冰洋，南邻美国。
2. 首都：渥太华（Ottawa），是加拿大的政治中心。
3. 官方语言：英语和法语4. 人口：约3800万，是世界上面积第二大国家。
5. 国旗：加拿大国旗被称为“枫叶旗”，由红、白两色组成。
6. 经济：加拿大经济发达，资源丰富，特别是石油、天然气和矿产资源。
英美国家概况简答题整理
英美国家概况简答题整理1.What is the full name of the United Kingdom?The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northem Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国Its short term :UK:the United Kingdom 大不列颠联合王国2.What are the other names?Great Britain （大不列颠）英国its short term: G. B .GBBritainEnglandThe British Empire 大英帝国The British Commonwealth 英联邦3.What are the two large islands that make up the British Isles?The British Isles are made up of two large islands---Great Britain(the large one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.4.What are the four political divisions of the United Kingdom?Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain. England, Scotland and Wales and Northem Ireland5. What's its respective capital (首府) ?.England: LondonScotland: EdinburghWales: CardiffNorthem lreland: Belfast.6. What's the national anthem?God Save the Queen/King7. What's its national flower?Rose8. What's its national flag?the Union Jack9. What's its nickname?John Bull.C21.Whatl kind of country is Britain in terms of its geographical feature? An island country2. Which river is important in Britain?The Thames River3. Can you tell me something about the location of Britain?It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Chanel in the south and North Sea in the east.4. What's the climate like in Britain? Why do British people talk about weather very often? Britain has a maritime climate------winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature varies within a small range. That's why British people talk about weather a lot.5. What are the symbols of England?The royal policeman, Royal Coat of Arms(皇家徽章), Black Taxi, Foot Guard,Life Guard, Double Decker Bus ,Union Flag, Big Ben6. Can you list some landmarks of London?Tower of London, London Eye, the Buckingham Palace, St Pa ul’s Cathedral, Tower Bridge.7. What are the symbols of Scotland?Edinburgh, Edinburgh International Arts Festival, Tartan, Whiskey, Bagpipe, golf.C31.Tell some symbols of Wales?Saint David, Cardif, Prince ofWales, Eisteddfoudau, Castles.2.Tell some symbols of Northern lreland?The Loug h Neagh, The Giant’s Causeway.3.Talk about some famous people in diffrert parts of UK.William Shakespeare William Wordsworth Robert Burns Catherine Zeta-Jones William Butler Yeats Seamus Heaney4.The British are mainly made up of______, ______, _______ and _______ .England, Scotland, Wales,and Northern Ireland5.Describe the character of the Brtish people briefy.They are generally reserved conservative in manners, dress and speech.They are famous for their politeness, self-discipline and especially for their sense of humour.6.Who are the ancestors of the English and who are the ancestors of Scots, Welsh and lrish?The ancestors of the English are Anglo-saxons while the ancestors of the Scots, the Welsh and the lrish are Celts.7.How many stages are British history divided into during the formation of the nation?How long is it?5 stages.l. Prehistoric Britain 5000 BC (the early settlers of Britain--the lberian)ll. Roman Britain 43 ADIll. Anglo Saxon Britain 450IV. Viking and Danish Britain 793V. Medieval Britain/The Norman Conquest 10668.What are the stages specifically?This period of history covers over 6000 years long. That’s from 5000 BC to 1066 AD.9.The earliest known settles on the British Isles were _______Iberians.10.Christianity was first brought to England by _______.RomansC41. What is the basis of the British goverment?constitutional monarchy.2. Who is the head of the country?A queen or a king.3. Who is the present sovereign of the UK?Elizabeth ll.4. How many parts make the British Parliament? And what are they? Three. They are the sovereign, the House of Commons.5. What are the two major parties?the Conservative Party and the Labor Party.6. Who presides the cabinet?the Prime Minister.7. Who has the real power in the county?the Prime Minister.8. Who is the present Prime Minister of the UK?Theresa May.9. Where does the Prime Minister live and work?No.10, Downing Street.C51. How do you know about the different names of USA?The United States of America; US; /doc/993514937.html,A; U.S.A2. What's its national flag?The Stars and Stripes Old GIory,The Starry Banner .3.How do you know the meaning of its national flag?The stripes symbolize the 13 colonies that originally constituted the United States of America. The stars represent the 50 states of the Union. White signifies Purity and Innocence; Red,Hardiness and Valor;and Blue. Vigilance Perseverance and Justice.4. What's the nickname of American people?Uncle Sam5. What's its national anthem(国歌)?The Star-Spangled Banner6.There are many things that symbolize American culture, could you say some of them? No less than 10 items1 Statue of Liberty2 White House3 President Hill4 Lincoln Memorial Hall5 Empire State Building6 Times Square7 Broadway Theater District8) Las Vegas9) Hoover Dam10) Disneyland11) The Gate Way of St. Louise12) Golden Gate Bridge13) Yellow Stone National Park14) The Niagara Falls15) Barbie DollC61. Where is the US? Could you tell me its boundary ?The United States is situated in the central part of North America except its two youngest states.2. How large is it?9. 3 million square kilometers3. What's its rank respectively all over the world concerning to its area and population? A: 4^th P:3^rd4. How many states are there in the mainland of the United States?485. And which two states are geographically separated from the other?Alaska, hawaii6. Whats the capital of USA?Washingon D.CWashington MonumentCivil War Memorial;Jefferson MemorialLincoln Memorial7.What are the two important moutains of USA?Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky mountains..阿巴拉契业山脉和落基脉是美国的两座大山脉。
英语国家概况(汉英对照)
英语国家概况(汉英对照)Isles consist of two large islands and several hundred small islands。
The two large XXX larger and is the home of England。
Scotland。
XXX is also part of the United Kingdom and is locatedin the northern part of XXX。
the official name of the country isthe United Kingdom of Great XXX。
due to its length。
people often refer to it as Britain。
the United Kingdom。
or simply the UK。
The UK is a country located on the island of Great Britain。
with its capital in London。
Another country。
the Republic of Ireland or simply Ireland。
is also located on the island of Ireland。
It occupies the rest of the island。
in the south。
It gained independence in 1949 and its capital is Dublin.Ⅱ.英国的地理和气候2.Geography and Climate of the UK英国位于欧洲西北部，是一个由四个国家组成的岛国。
英格兰、苏格兰和XXX占据了大不列颠岛的大部分面积，而北爱尔兰则位于爱尔兰岛的东北部。
英国地形多样，有山地、丘陵、平原、海岸等。
英国的气候温和而多雨，因为受到暖流的影响，所以冬季不会太冷，夏季也不会太热。
《英语国家概况》各章节概要知识点——美国部分
《英语国家概况》各章节概要知识点——美国部分1. Population, Race and Ethnic Groups 人口与民族世界第三人口大国，20世纪90年代人口增长更加迅速，将来60年还将迅猛增加。
预计将从1992年的25，550万，增加到2000年的27，500万。
移民是人口增长的主要来源，基本开放的移民政策。
现在多数移民来自亚洲和拉丁美洲。
城市化高，最大的城市：纽约，洛杉矶，芝加哥，旧金山，费城。
1946-1964是生育高峰，20世纪80年代人口老龄化趋势。
美国是移民国家。
第一批移民来自英国和荷兰，为了逃避宗教迫害，寻求更好的生活，契约劳工。
三次移民浪潮：第一次移民浪潮始于1805年，1845年到达高峰，许多爱尔兰人迁入。
第二次移民浪潮从1860-1890。
第三次移民浪潮从1890-1914，是最大的一次。
来自奥匈帝国，意大利，俄国，希腊，罗马尼亚和土耳其。
Characteristics of the American population 美国人口的特征流动性。
四次大规模的人口流动：第一次从内战结束到1880年，西进运动。
从东海岸向西部迁移。
第二次从1890-1920年，随着工业化和城市化的实现，人口从农村涌向城市。
第三次从1920-1960年，大批黑人离开南方涌入外地。
第四次从60年代至今，从东北部向西南部的阳光地带迁移。
Black people and the Civil Rights Movement 黑人与民权运动黑人是美国人口最多的少数民族。
自1619年作为奴隶贩运到北美洲，集中在南部农业区，生活悲惨。
代表小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》和《根》。
1863年林肯的《解放奴隶宣言》和1865《宪法》第13条修正案正式结束了奴隶制，但仍存在歧视。
1954年布朗诉教育委员会一案，开始了漫长的废除种族隔离的进程。
60年代爆发民权运动。
1964年通过《民权法案》，1965年通过《选举权法案》。
自考2008年-2012年英语国家概况历年真题(一句话问答及名词解释)
08年４月III. Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words.(20 points, 5 points for each)61.bank holidays62.constitutional monarchy63.“No taxation without representation”64.the U.S. Federal system51.When did the recorded history of Britain begin?52.What was the military significance of the destruction of the Spanish Armada f or Britain?53.How many Members of Parliament does the House of Commons in the U.K. c onsist of?54.Please write any three of the 13 colonies the British established along the ea st coast of North America between 1607 and 1733.55.What are the three branches in the U.S. federal government?56.What dose IBM stand for?57.On which side did Canada fight during WWⅡ?58.What kinds of vegetation are suitable for the hot dry climate in Australia?59.What is partly the reason for New Zealand to have changeable weather and t o be often windy?60.What was the result of growing Irish nationalism in the early decades of the 2 0th century?０８年７月II. Answer the Questions. (30 points, 3 points for each)Directions: Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.51. Why did William I have the Domesday Book compiled?52. What is the British constitution made up of?53. In what way is Church of England uniquely related to the Crown?54. Why did Hawthorne attack transcendentalism?55. What is the guiding principle of community college?56. What’s the most central function of the Congress in the United States?57. What are the two principal river systems in Canada?58. What are the three topographical regions in Australia?59. What do you know about Kiwi?60. Why did Ireland refuse to join in World War II?III. Term Explanation. (20 points, 5 points for each)Directions: Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answers i n the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet in around 40 words.61. Independent School62. Wars of the Roses63. Federalist Papers64. Harlem Renaissance０９年４月II．Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions．Write yo ur answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet．(30 points, 3 p oints for each)51．What are the main functions of the British Parliament?52．What were the two countries Elizabeth I successfully played off against each other for nearly 30 years?53．What was the outcome of the English Civil War?54．What are the three main Christian festivals in the U.K.?55．What were the three cornerstones of American postwar economic boom? 56．What was the most important document produced between China and the Un ited States when President Nixon visited China in 1972?57．What is the most central function of the U.S．Congress?58．What are the two major parties that dominate American politics at the federal, state and local levels?59．What are the two official languages used in Ireland?60．Who are the native people living in Australia?III．Explain each of the following terms in English．Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words．(20 points, 5 points for each)61．Open University62．The Speaker (of the House of Commons in Britain)63．Muckrakers64．The stock market crash of 1929０９年７月II. Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer i n the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points for each)51. On which day does Easter fall?52. What are the four Scottish universities established in the 14th and 15th centuries?53. What kinds of courses require five-year study in British universities?54. What was King Edward (1042-1066) known as?55. Give an example to illustrate the highly aggressive and intolerant nationalism in 19 19 and 1920 in the United States.56. What was the key problem that affected the progress in U.S.-China relations from 1 972 to 1979?57. What are the most memorable words Lincoln said in a short speech on the occasio n of dedicating the national cemetery at Gettysburg in 1863?58. What is the American tradition of laissez faire?59. What explains the absence of large forests in Australia?60. Who is the head of the Australian government?III. Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the correspondi ng space on the answer sheet in around 40 words. (20 points, 5 points for each)61. Industrial Revolution62. Bank Holiday63. Amerigo Vespucci64. Research universities１０年４月51.What is the Magna Carta also known as?52.Who has the power to declare war and make peace in the U.K.?53.What are the three political divisions on the island of Great Britain?54.When was the Declaration of Independence adopted?55.What foreign policy did the American government pursue in the early 1930s?56.What are Conglomerates in the USA?57.Where is the name“Canada”believed to have come from?58.Why does Great Britain have the greatest influence upon Australia?59.What is Maoritanga?60.What was the consequence of the the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921?III.Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words.(20 points，5 points for each)61.the House of Commons62.English feudal system63.the U.S. two-party system64.the New Deal１０年７月II. Answer the Questions. (30 points, 3 points for each)Directions: Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.51. Who is directly responsible for the NHS in Britain?52. What is the peculiar feature of the feudal system of England?53. What is the significance of the expulsion of the English from France?54. What is the “winner-take-all” system?55. What mechanism did the writers of the American Constitution introduce to pr ovide safeguards?56. Why were American children awarded the 1965 Nobel Peace Prize?57. How many geographical regions are there in Canada? What are they?58. What does the Outback usually refer to?59. What are many Maori people determined to do with Maoritanga?60. Why is Ireland also called the Emerald Isle?III. Term Explanation. (20 points, 5 points for each)Directions: Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet in around 40 words.61. the Black Death62. the Great Charter (1215)63. the Great Depression64. Boston Tea Party１１年４月II. Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer i n the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points for each)51. On which day does Easter fall?52. What are the four Scottish universities established in the 14th and 15th centuries?53. What kinds of courses require five-year study in British universities?54. What was King Edward (1042-1066) known as?55. Give an example to illustrate the highly aggressive and intolerant nationalism in 19 19 and 1920 in the United States.56. What was the key problem that affected the progress in U.S.-China relations from 1 972 to 1979?57. What are the most memorable words Lincoln said in a short speech on the occasio n of dedicating the national cemetery at Gettysburg in 1863?58. What is the American tradition of laissez faire?59. What explains the absence of large forests in Australia?60. Who is the head of the Australian government?III. Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the correspondi ng space on the answer sheet in around 40 words. (20 points, 5 points for each)61. Industrial Revolution62. Bank Holiday63. Amerigo Vespucci64. Research universities2011年7月II. Answer the Questions. (30 points, 3 points for each)Directions: Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.51. How many political divisions are there in Britain? What are they?52. What questions did Elizabeth I treat as personal and private?53. What were the two events in the world which most alarmed the British ruling classes in the closing decades of the 18th century?54. Which are the five biggest cities in terms of population in the United States?55. What are the three branches of the American government?56. What does Mark Twain want to put across in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn?57. When was the name of the country officially changed to Ireland?58. Who are easy to immigrate to Canada now?59. In terms of land area and population, which is the biggest state and which is the smallest state in Australia?60. What are the two active volcanoes in New Zealand?III. Term Explanation. (20 points, 5 points for each)Directions: Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet in around 40 words.61. the Chartist Movement62. Constitutional Monarchy63. the Bill of Rights of America64. the Federal System of America2012年4月II. Give a one-sentence answer toeach of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding spaceon the answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points for each)51. Was thereligious reform of Elizabeth I radical?52. Who is the headof state of the U.K.?53. What is theHouse of Lords made up of?54. What is the major reason for manyearly settlers to come to the English colonies in North America?55. What are thethree kinds of the American high schools?56. What are thethree branches of government in the United States?57. Besides being the capital city ofCanada, what is special about the city of Ottawa in terms of language?58. How does the hot and dry weather in Australia affect thevegetation?59. How do the New Zealanders usually refer themselves to?60. In which way is Ireland uniqueamong the European countries in terms of its national population?III. Explain each of the following terms inEnglish. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (20points, 5 points for each)61. Cabinet (U.K.)62. Quality Papers (U.K.)63. Muckrakers (U.S.)64. Marshall Plan2012年7月II. Answer the Questions. (30 points, 3 points for each)Directions: Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.51. What is the difference between the ancestors of the English and Scots, Welsh and Irish?52. What was the impact of the Wars of the Roses on feudalism in England?53. What is the main function of the House of Lords?54. What are the major racial and ethnic minorities in the United States?55. What is Emerson’s view of man and nature?56. What kind of system is the American economy based on?57. Why did the population of Ireland decrease from the 1840s until about 1970?58. What are the two most important provinces in Canada?59. Which is Australia’s largest lake?60. What is partly the reason for New Zealand to have changeable weather and tobe often windy?III. Term Explanation. (20 points, 5 points for each)Directions: Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet in around 40 words.61. Domesday Book62. Thatcherism63. “Great Compromise” of 178764. Halloween。
自考英语国家概况(美国)
英语国家概况美国部分Chapter 14 Population, Race and Ethnic Groups1. The first immigrants in American history came from England and Netherlands.2. By the year 2050, the population is expected to climb to 383 million, a 50% increase.3. About 77% of the population in the United States lived in more than 283 city areas in 1988.4. Mobility (one the move) is the one of the characteristics of the American people.5. The slave system was formally ended by Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865.6. The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the United States is the blacks who number about 12.1% of the population. The first blacks were brought to North America as slaves in 1619. 美国人口最多的少数民族是黑人，大约占总人口的12.1%，第一批黑人作为奴隶于1619年运抵北美。
7. A large number of blank people move out of the south to other areas during the period between 1920-1960.大批黑人离开南方涌向外地发生在1920-1960年间。
自考“英语国家概况”精讲笔记 小抄
官方正式名称:t h e U n i t e d K i n g d o m o f G r e a t B r i t a i n a n d N o r t h e r nI r e l a n d.3.T h e B r i t i s hI s l e s a r e m a d e u p o f t w o l a r g e i s l a n d s-G r e a tB r i t a i n(t h e l a r g e r o n e)a n d I r e l a n d,a n d h u n d r e d s o f s m a l l o n e s.4.T h r e ep o l i t i c a ld i v i s i o n s o n t he i s l a n d of G r e a t B r i t a i n三个政治区:E ng l a n d, S c o t l a n d a n d W a l e s.(1)E n g l a n d i si n t h e s o u t h e r n p a r t o f G r e a t B r i t a i n.I t i s t h e l a r g e s t, m o s t p o p u l o u s s e c t i o n.(2)S c o t l a n d i si n t h e n o r t h o f G r e a t B r i t a i n.I t h a s t h r e e n a t u r a l z o n e s (t h e H i g h l a n d si n t h e n o r t h苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。
它有三大自然区;t h eC e n t r a ll o w l a n d s;t h es o u t h U p l a n d s)C a p i t a l:E d i n b u r g h(3) W a l e s i s i nt h e w e s t o fG r e a t B r i t a i n.C a p i t a l首都:C a r d i f f(4)N o r t h e r nI r e l a n d i s t h ef o u r t h r eg i o no f t h e U K.C a p i t a l:B e l f a s t.5.T h eC o m m o n w e a l t h英联邦 (o f n a t i o n s)i s a f r e ea s s o c i a t i o n o fi n d e p e n d e n tc o u n t r i e s t h a tw e r e o n c ec o l o n i e s o fB r i t a i n.I t w a sf o u n d e d i n1931,a n d h a s50m e m b e rc o u n t r i e su n t i l1991.C h a p t e r2T h e O r i g i n s o fa N a t i o n(5000B C-1066)I.A r r i v a l a n ds e t t l e m e n t o ft h e C e l t sC e l t s w e r ep r a c t i c e df a m e r s.T h ed r a i ne d m u c h o fm a r s h l a n d s a n db u i l t h o u s e s o fw o o d.T h e y w r ei r o n w o r k e r s,t o o.T h e i rl a n g u a g e s,t h eC e l t sl a n g u a g e s,a r et h e b a s i s o ft h e l a n g u a g ew h i c h i s s t i l lu s e d b y s o m ep e o p l e i nS c o t l a n d a n dW a l e s.T h e i rr e l i g i o n w a sD r u i d i s m1、T h e C e l t sb e g a n t o a r r i v eB r i t a i n a b o u t700B C.2、T h e C e l t sc a m e t o B r i t a i ni n t h r e e m a i nw a v e s.T h e f i r s t w a v ew e r e t h eG a e l s-c a m ea b o u t600B C.T h e s e c o n d w a v ew e r e t h eB r y t h o n s-c a m ea b o u t400B C.T h e t h i r d w a v ew e r e t h eB e l g a e-c a m ea b o u t150B C.I I.T h eA n g l o-S a x o n s(446-871)1．B a s i s o fM o d e r n E n g l i s hr a c e:t h eA n g l o-S a x o n s.I n t h e m i d-5t hc e n t u r y a n e ww a v e o fi n v a d e r s,J u t e s,S a x o n s,a n d A n g l e s c a m et o B r i t a i n.T h e y w e r e t h r e eT e u t o n i ct r i b e s.①T h e J u t e s,w h o f i s h e d a n df a r m e d i nJ u t l a n d,c a m et o B r i t a i nf i r s t.A J u t i s h c h i e f b e c a m e t h e K i ng o f K e n t i n449.②Th e n t h e S a x o n s, u s e r s o f t h e s h o r t-s w o r df r o m n o r t h e r n G e r m a n y,e s t a b l i s h e dt h e i r k i n g d o m i n E s s e x, S u s s e x a n d W e s s e x f r o m t h e e n d o f t h e5t h c e n t u r y t o t h e b e g i n n i n g o f t h e6t h c e n t u r y.③I n t h e s e c o n dh a l f o f t h e 6t h c e n t u r y,t h e A n g l e s,w h o a l s o c a m e f r o m n o r t h e r nG e r m a n y a n d w e r e t o g i v e t h e i r n a m e t o t h e E n g l i s h p e o p l e,s e t t l e d i n E a s t A n g l i a,M e r c i a a n dN o r t h u m b r i a.T h e s e s e v e n p r i n c i p a l k i n g d o m s o fK e n t,E s s e x,S u s s e x,W e s s e x,E a s t A n g l i a,M e r c i a a n dN o r t h u m b r i ah a v e b e e n g i v e nt h e n a m e o fH e p t a r c h y七王国.2．T h e e a r l yA n g l o-S a x o n sc o n v e r t ed t oC h r i s t i a n i t y.最早的盎格鲁—撒克逊人改信基督教。
英美概况部分简答题整理
英美概况部分简答题整理1. What are the geographical regions in the United StatesPresently, the United States is commonly divided into four major regions: Northeast, South, Midwest and West. The Northeast is the nation's economic and cultural center. The South region has the highest number of states. The Midwest also called the heartland and Industrial Midwest. The West has three major parts: the Southwest, the Mountain States and the Pacific Coast.2. Origins of Thanksgiving Day.It is a public holiday celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November in the United States. It originated as a harvest festival with the Pilgrims in 1621.3. What are the geographical features of the United StatesThere are the Great Lakes in the northeast. There are four recognizable and definable topographic regions in the United States. They are, from east to west, (1) the Atlantic and gulf coastal plain, (2) the Appalachians and their foothills, (3) the Interior Lowlands and (4) the Cordillera, which is includes both main mountain ranges and a variety of intermontane valleys, basins, and plateaus.4. What is the Commonwealth of NationsThe Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, not a political union, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as symbolic head of the association. It was founded in1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991.5. Where is the United States locatedThe United States is located in North America between Mexico, to its south, and Canada, to its north. The US is dividedinto fifty states, and Washington ., is the capital city. The US covers a total area of 3,794,100 square miles (9,826,675 sq. km).6. Distribution of the American populationThe population of the United States is mainly located in the Pacific coast, the Atlantic coast and the Great Lakes region.7. Why is the United States regarded as a “melting pot” and a “salad bowl”First, the "melting pot" and "salad" stands for the mixture of different things. The US is regarded as a "melting pot" and a "salad" is because it is a country made up of many different people: 13% are black, 12% are Hispanic, 4% are Asian and the rest are White Americans. As the same, the culture of US is also mingled from different culture of different people in it. Because of these, it is really like a mixed country.8. What are the results of the Industrial Revolution in BritainBritain was the "workshop of the world" by 1830. Towns grew rapidly and became the source of the nation's wealth. Mechanization destroyed the livelihood of those who could not invest in it. The working men worked and lived in a appalling conditions. The industrial revolution created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism.1. The composition of UK’s Constitution.The British Constitution is not written down in one single document. It is made up of three main parts: Statutory law, Common law, Conventions.2. What are the causes of the Great DepressionThe main causes were the stock market crash of 1929, the unequal distribution of wealth, and over-production of goods and services.3. What are the features of family in BritainThe nuclear families replaced the extended family, marriage has decreased. Therehas been significant increase in one-person households with no children and the people of all age lived alone.4. What are the major sports activities in the United StatesThere are American football, Baseball, Basketball and Hockey.5. The distinctive features of the English Renaissance.English culture was revitalized not so much directly by the classics as by contemporary Europeans under the influence of the classics, the renaissance coincided with the reformation in England6. How many political divisions are there in the United StatesThere are 50 states, which are bound together in a union with each other. Each state holds governmental jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory, and shares its sovereignty with the United States federal government.7. The Great Depression (1929-1937) and the New Deal.There is no regulation or control over various kinds of investment companies. The banking system lacked stability. Stock market speculation and over expansion of credit are rampant. The unemployed went up, the shrinkage of GNP.8. The American War of Independence and its consequences.The war was from 1775 to 1781, it shows that, in a just war, a weak nation can defeat a strong one. American people gained independence and capitalism developed in America. It also had great international influence.。
英语国家概况(课后问答题)
英语国家概况（课后问答题）第一部分英国概况1 What are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain, England, the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth?Britain is the shortened form of the United kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland while the British Isles is a geographical name.2 What are the three political divisions on the island of Great Britain?They are England, Scotland and Wales 3. What is the official name of Great Britain？The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland4. Where did the King Harold defeat Tostig and Harold Hardrada?( At Stanford Bridge)5.What did William do after he suppressed镇压the Saxon risings in the north?(He built a string of defense防卫castles to ensure his military control of the whole country.)6. How long was Britain under the Roman occupation?( For nearly 400 years)7 What was the peculiar features of the feudal system of England?(All landowners, whether the tenants-in-chief or subtenants, took the oath of allegiance for the land they held, not only to their immediate lord, but also to the king.)8 What did Willliam I leave to his sons after he died?( He left Normandy to his eldest son, Robert, and England to his second son William, and a large sum of money to his third son, Henry.) 9 What was William I’s policytowards the church?(He wanted to keep it completely underhis control, but at the same time toupload its power.)10 When was the Domesday Bookcompleted?( In 1086)11 What was the consequence of theHundred Years’ War?(The French drove the English out oftheir land. By 1453, Calais was theonly part of France that was still in thehands of English)12 What did the Lollards preach?(The Lollards preached the equality ofmen before God)13 What were the two countriesElizabeth I successfully played offagainst each other for nearly 30years?( France and Spain were the twocountries that Elizabeth I successfullyplayed off against each other for nearly30 years)14 What was the outcome结果ofthe English Civil War?(It not only overthrew feudal system inEngland but also shook the foundationof the feudal rule in Europe. It isgenerally regarded as the beginning ofmodern world history.)15 What were the three main causesof Henry VIII’s religious reform ofthe Church?( The three main causes were: a desirefor change and reform in the Churchhad been growing for many years andnow, encouraged by the success ofMarin Luther, many people believed itstime had come; the privilege andwealth of the clergy were also resented;and Henry needed money)16 Which party did MargaretThatcher represent in the 1970s?(She represented the ConservativeParty)17 What did the Whigs stand for inthe early 19th century?Whigs stood for a reduction in Crownpatronage, sympathy towardsNonconformists, and care for theinterests of merchants and bankers.18 Why did changes in farmingmethods改变耕作方式affect lives ofmillions in the 18th century?(Because village and agriculture werethe backbone of England at that time.)19 When did Britain finally becomea full member of the EuropeanEconomic Community?(Britain finally became a full memberof the European Economic Communityin January, 1973)没背20 Why was Mrs. Thatcherremoved from office in 1990?(It was because of her opposition toEuropean Union and her imposition ofan extremely unpopular flatrate ‘polltax’ in place of property taxes to payfor local government service.21 What were the two groups of theChartiests? What was theirdifference?(The Chartists could be divided intotwo groups: the Moral Force Chartistsand the Physical Force Chartists. Theformer wanted to realize their aims bypeaceful means while the latter wantedto achieve their purpose by violence)22 What was the goal of the LondonWorking Men’s Association in itsstruggle?(It aimed to ‘ to seek by every legalmeans to place all classes of society inpossession of equal political and socialrights)23 Why was Britain known as the factory of the world in the mid-19th century?(Because the British economy was among the strongest in the world)24 Who has the power to declare war and make peace in the UK?(The Queen)25 How many members of Parliament does the House of Commons in the UK consist of ? (651Members of Parliament)26 What does the British Parliament consist of ?(It consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons) 27 What did the term ‘parliament’ originally mean?( It originally meant a meeting for parley or discussion)28 Where does the Sovereign’s coronation take place?(It takes place at Westminster Abbey威斯敏斯特教堂in London)29Where does the Queen’s expenditure arising from支出所产生的public duties come from?( The Queen’s expenditure arising from public duties comes from the Civil List and government departments)30 How is the British House of Commons elected?The House of Commons is elected by universal adult suffrage.31 What is a ‘shadow cabinet’ 影子内阁in Britain?( The party which wins the second largest number of seats in parliament becomes the Official Opposition and it forms its own ‘cabinet’ known as ‘shadow cabinet’32 What are the three main Christian festivals in Britain? (The three main Christian festivals inBritain are Christmas. Easter, and WhitSunday.)33 Who is directly responsible for theNHS in Britain?谁直接负责国民保健制度在英国(Central government is directlyresponsible for the NHS in Britain)34 What are the two establishedchurches in Britain?(They are the Church of England andthe Church of Scotland in Scotland)35 How many provinces does theChurch of England have?(The Church of England has twoprovinces: Canterbury and York)36What is the National Day inBritain?(The birthday of the British Monarch isa National Day in Britain)37 What does ‘Oxbridge’ refer to inGreat Britain?(It refers to the Universities of Oxfordand Cambridge)没背38 What kind of schools are theindependent schools in Britain?(The independent schools are thosesupported entirely by fees and privatefuns)39What are the three groups ofnation newspapers?(They are quality, popular andmid-market papers.)40 Which religion in Ireland is thelargest non-Catholic denomination?(The Anglican Church圣公会ofIreland is the largest non-Catholicdenomination.)没背41 What was the consequence ofthe Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921?什么是后果，英爱条约1921？(Violentopposition to the treaty byultranationalists led to a civil war.)没背42 What was the result ofgrowing Irish nationalism in theearly decades of the 20th century?(Irish nationalism became stronger andeven more violent in the early decadesof the 20th century and climaxed in theEastern Uprising of 1916 in which anIrish Republic was proclaimed.)没背43 Wht happened after theEnglish king was declared the headof the Church of Ireland replaceingthe Pope?英国国王宣布爱尔兰教会领袖代替教皇(There followed centuries of religiousas well as political persecution政治迫害, which helped to strengthen anddeepen Ireland’s Catholic spirit.)第二部分美国部分1What are the two novels giving avivid description of the miserable lifeof the black slaves?(Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots)2 What is the reason for the growthof population in Florida?(Florida’s population growth owesmuch to its attractiveness both as aplace to retire and as a convenientplace for business with and travel toCentral and South America)3 When did the higher birth rateappear in the United States?(The birth rate appeared during ‘thebaby boom’[1946-1964]) ？？4 When was the Declaration ofIndependence adopted?(It was adopted on July4,1776)没背5Please write any three of the13 colonies the British establishedalong the east coast of NorthAmerica between 1607 and1733.(Virginia, Maine, NewHampshire)6What are the implications of the ‘Manifest Destiny’?The implications of ‘manifest Destiny’ are three fold(1)the inevitability of the founding of the United States of America;是必然的(2)the legitimacy 合法的of the expansion of America Territory美国领土; (3) the spread of American democracy美国民主being the task任务of American people who were cho sen to do the Lord’s work.没背7 What were the two serious weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?邦联条款They were:(1)There was no national executive or law-enforcing branch;没有执行或执法部门(2)Congress国会was too large a body to function功能as government. And Congress had no power to raise taxes.国会无权征税8What agreement did America and Britain sign in 1783 by which Britain recognized the independence of the United States? The Treaty of Paris9 What were the features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development?They were representive form of government, rule of law, respect of individual rights, religious tolerance and a strong spirit of individual enterprise.。
英语国家概况 英国知识点 小部分
24. The roman built two great walls to keep the Picts. There were the Hadrian’s wall running from Carlisle to Newcastle, and the Antonine wall linking the estuaries of the Forth and the Clyde. 罗马人修建了2座长城以抵御皮特人。一条是哈德良长城，从卡莱尔到纽卡斯尔，另一条是链接福斯河口和克莱德河口的安东尼长城。
第一部分 英国第一章 英国地理
1. The official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
2. There are three political divisions on the islands of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.
10. Edinburgh, Cardiffof Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland
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1. How does the United States rank among the countries of the world in population and area?The United States of America is the third-largest country in the world in population and the fourth-largest country in area.人口：印度-中国-美国-面积：俄罗斯-加拿大-中国-美国-巴西-澳大利亚-印度2. What are the two major mountain ranges in the United States?They are the Appalachian Highlands 阿巴拉契亚山脉and the Rocky Mountains. 落基山脉3. What is the Continental Divide, or Great Divide?The Continental Divide, or Great Divide, is an imaginary line that separates streams that flow into the Pacific Ocean from those that flow into the Atlantic.4. What are the five Great Lakes of the United States?They are Erie, Huron, Michigan, Ontario, and Superior.5. How many geographical regions can be found in the United States? What are they? There are seven geographical regions in the United States. They are New England, the Middle Atlantic States, the southern States, the Midwestern States, the Rocky Mountain states, the Southwestern States, and the Pacific Coast States and the New States.6. What states are in New England?New England is made up of six states of the North-East. They are Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.7. Apart from Now York City, what other large cites are located in the Middle Atlantic region? Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Buffalo, and Newark.8. What is the Midwest famous for?The Midwest is famous for its large stretches of fertile soil.9. What states make up the Pacific Coast Region?The region known as the Pacific Coast includes the western parts of Washington and Oregon and nearly all of California.10. What role does tourism play in Hawaii’s economy?Tourism is Hawaii’s most important industry.11. What is the population of the United States? How does it rank in the world?The United States is the third most populous country in the world after China and India, with a population of 267 million (estimated) in April 1997.12. What is the reason for the growth of population in Florida?It is because of its warm climate and convenience in doing business with and traveling to Central and South America.13. Which are the five biggest cities, in terms of population, in the United States?New York,Los Angeles,Chicago, San Francisco, Philadelphia.14. Why are people moving so often in the United States?People often move from one place to another for various reasons:to look for better job opportunity or for better climate or for other goals.15. What are some of the consequences of the outflow of city residents to the suburbs?The movement brings serious consequences to big cities:1）rising unemployment rate,2）the increase of the number of poor people,3）the worsening of city living conditions4）and the fall of government revenues.16. Which are the three largest groups of Hispanics?The Chicanos, the Puerto Ricans and the Cuban-Americans.17. Why do many Puerto Ricans go to the United States?They are drawn to the United States by better job opportunities.18. What explanation do experts give for the success of Asian-Americans?The experts attribute the success to Asian cultural tradition: emphasis on education, hard work and family.19. What was the fate of Japanese-Americans in WWII?The Japanese-Americans were taken to relocation centers in isolated parts of the western mountain and plains states and stayed behind barbed wires.20. Can you give an example to show the awakening of American Indians?Many Indians are taking legal steps to demand compensation for land and resources grabbed from them illegally.21. What is one of the explanations of how the early Indians came to the Americans?One of the explanations is the Indians crossed from Asia on the landbridge that connected Siberia and Alaska.22. How did the Plymouth settlers manage to survive?The neighboring Indians came to teach them how to grow corn and they succeeded in having a good harvest.23. In what way were the Puritans different from the Pilgrims?The Pilgrims were mostly poor, labouring people while the Puritans were wealthy, well-educated gentlemen.24. Did the War of Independence start with the adoption of the Declaration of Independence? No. It started when clashes （冲突）took place at Concord and Lexington.25. What was the chief weakness of the Articles of Confederation?The chief weakness was the document failed to set up a government that couldfunction.26. What was the significance of the adoption of the Bill of Rights?The adoption of the Bill of Rights in addition to the Constitution completed the foundation of the American constitutional system.27. Why did American territorial expansion threaten British interest?Because some Americans wanted to take advantage of the war in Europe to expand into Canada. This ran counter to British interest.28. What was the Compromise of 1850?The Compromise of 1850 was an arrangement which kept a balance between free and slave states in the Senate（参议院）.29. Why did the Civil War break out?The Civil War broke out because the southern states left the Union and formed a new nation but president Lincoln was determined to maintain the Union.30. How did the government help in the development of American economy?The government carried out the policy of trade protectionism.（贸易保护政策-提高进口产品的关税，降低出口产品的关税）31. What were the three features in the growth of American economy at the beginning of the 20th century?Large corporation, 联合企业urbanization 城市化and new technology 新技术were the three features.32. What was the basic demand of the Progressive Movement?The basic demand was government regulation of economic and social conditions. 33. Why did the United States pursue a policy of pro-Ally partiality in the early part of WWI?Because of ethnic ties, cultural tradition, social background, economic interests and successful British propaganda（宣传）, the U.S. government pursued such a policy. 34. What were the immediate causes that led the United States into the war?The immediate causes were Germany’s unlimited submarine warfare and Germany’s attempt to get Mexico into the war against the United States.35. What government policies in the 1920s helped big business?The policies of tariff protection, favorable tax rates and little government restrictions contributed to high profits of big businesses.36. How did many Americans view their country after WWI?They believed that American political, economic and social institutions were the best in the world.37. What was the experience of WWI veterans demanding payment of bonuses in WashingtonD.C. in 1932?They were driven out of the capital by military force directed by General McArthur. 38. What were some of the personal characteristics of F.D.R. that helped him in doing his work as president?He had a sure sense of what was practical or possible, a strong sense of timing and was a great communicator.39. What were the two guiding principles underlying American diplomatic activities in WWII? The first was to win the war; 打胜仗the second was to bring the Soviet Union into a postwar world order under American leadership. 控制战后世界格局40. What was the basic reason for the postponement of the opening of the Second Front?It was a reflection of the desire of not letting the Soviet Union expand into eastern and central Europe too quickly.41. What was the postwar strategy of the United States?The strategy was American leadership of the world and open market for American goods and capital.42. What was the theory put forward by the Soviet Union in around 1946?There could be no long-term peaceful co-existence between socialism and capitalism.43. What was the immediate cause of the Berlin crisis in 1948?The Soviet Union cut off Western routes to West Berlin.44. What decision did President Truman make to deal with the Berlin crisis?He decided to mobilize all possible American cargo planes to airlift supplies into West Berlin.45. What effect did the Berlin blockade have on the people in West Berlin and western occupied zones?it pushed the people in West Berlin and western occupied zones further to the side of the United States because they were grateful for American airlifts.46. What measure did the United States take in the Cuban Missile Crisis?The United States introduced a naval blockade 封锁，阻塞around Cuba and demanded the dismantlement拆除and withdrawal 撤走of the missiles from Cuba.47. Did the allies of the United States give their full support to the U.S. in the Vietnam War? No , some criticized the United States for escalation 扩大of the war, some refused to support American war efforts.48. What is the significance of the Shanghai Communique?The key thing is American commitment to a one China policy.49. What is the importance of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?The Act outlawed 被剥夺法律权利racial discrimination in housing and employment.50. What is the Port Huron Statement about?The Port Huron Statement was the platform of the Students for a Democratic Society ( SDS ) which condemned racism, poverty amidst plenty, big corporations and the Cold War.51. How does the United States rank among the countries of the world in the total value of its economic production?The United States ranks first among the countries of the world in the value of its economic production.52. What kind of system is the United States economy based on?The United States economy is based on a free enterprise system.53. What are the factors that have helped build the United States into the economic giant it is today?The United States has one of the world’s most varied populations, and the vast space and resources of the land, the ideals of freedom and economic opportunity, and hard work by the people have helped build the United States into the economic giant it is today.54. What are the major natural resources in the United States?Fertile soil, forests, water, and minerals are the major natural resources in the United States.55. What are some of the leading farm products in the United States?They are corn, wheat, beef cattle, milk, soybeans, cotton, chickens and eggs, and hogs.56. What has helped make U.S farms the most efficient in the world?The use of modern farm machinery and agricultural methods has helped make U.S. farms the most efficient in the world.57. What areas have long been major U.S centers of manufacturing?The Midwest and Northeast.58. How does California rank among the states in the value of its manufactured goods? California ranks first among the states in the value of its manufactured goods.59. What are the problems the U.S economy has faced form time to time?They are recessions, depressions and inflation.60. Why is the poverty rate higher in the United States than in several other industrialized nations, including Canada, Australia, and Germany?Because they have more generous social programs for the poor and a higher minimum wage than the United States.61. What role has the Constitution played?The Constitution has been the basis for the evolution of governmental institutions and for political stability, economic growth and social progress in the United States.62. What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?The weaknesses were: there was no national executive to enforce the laws and there was no national court system and Congress had no power to tax, nor to regulate trade between states.63. What mechanism did the writers of the Constitution introduce to provide safeguards? They introduced the mechanism of separation of powers and checks and balances. 64. What are the three branches of the government?They are the legislative, the executive and the judicial.65. How is the American president elected?The voters vote for the electors and the electors vote for the president. But as soon as the votes of the voters are counted the number of electors for each candidate is known and who has won the election is known.66. According to the Constitution, what judicial power does the President have?He has the power to give reprieves and pardons in federal criminal cases.67. How are the two chambers of Congress made up?The Senate is composed of two members from each state, with a total number of 100 while membership in the House of Representatives is based on population. Currently the House has 435 members.68. What are the two special powers of the Senate?One is to confirm presidential appointments and the other is to ratify treaties by a tow-thirds vote.69. What is the composition of the federal court system?The federal court system consists of a supreme court, 11 courts of appeals, 91 district courts ( including one for the District of Columbia and one for Puerto Rico ) and three courts of special jurisdiction.70. What is the cause for the decline of the influence of political parties?The near destruction of the patronage system and the wide use of direct primaries in the selection of delegates to the party national conventions contribute to the decline of the influence of political parties.71. Is there any single sex educational institution in the U.S.?Yes, there are quite a number.72. Why is it that responsibility for education fall on the state?Because it is laid down in the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution.73. Why are there many variations in the education system of the 50 states?Because each state is expected to develop policies for the education within its boundary.74. Who is the chief executive officer under the local board of education?The superintendent of schools.75. What are the three types of high schools?They are comprehensive, academic, vocational and technical schools.76. Why does the number of graduate school enrollment keep climbing?Because an advanced degree is viewed as a major way to move ahead in the career.77. What are the fields favored by postgraduates?Those fields that would not only make students easily employed but would provide them with rewarding jobs.78. What is the guiding principle of community college?It is higher education for everyone and the philosophy that equality must mena equal opportunity for self-realization and for the recognition of individual difference.79. What are the two focuses of the reform in the 1980s?They are the raising of the standards of teaching and learning and the restructuring of the schools.80. Are the goals set out in the plan “America 2000” easy to achieve?No, they are very difficult to achieve.81. Who were the writers of the first American writings?They were the first settlers.82. How does the story “Rip Van Winkle” end?When the story ends, Rip Van Winkle’s fierce wife is dead and he lives happily with his daughter.83. What is Emerson’s view o f man and nature?He holds that man’s relationship with nature should not be confined to making use of nature.84. Why did Hawthorne attack transcendentalism?Because it glorified absolute individualism without any regard for social impact.85. What does Mark Twain want to put across in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn?He wants to show the basic goodness and wisdom of ordinary people.86. What does “leaf of grass” stand for?It stands for all ordinary things and common people.87. What were the two guides for Dickinson in her search for faith?They wee the Bible and the philosophy of Emerson.88. What contrast did Dreiser make in Sister Carrie?He made sharp contrast of wealth and poverty in Chicago and New York.89. What was the first uniquely American contribution to architecture?It was skyscraper.90. When did rock ‘n’ roll become the standard form of popular music for teenagers?By the early 1960s it had become the standard popular m91. What do people say to each other at Time Square when the clock strikes at twelve o’clock on New Year’s Day?They say Happy New Year.92. Why did Congress vote to set a day in honor of Martin Luther King?Because he was respected and loved by the Americans, black and white, for his leadership of the Civil Rights Movement.93. Why was Lincoln considered to be a man who lived out the American Dream? Because Lincoln was born in a poor family in Kentucky and through hard work and study , honesty, he became America’s sixteenth President.94. What do peop le usually do on Valentine’s Day?It is popular to send cards decorated with hearts and flowers to express love.95. Why do children eat cherry pies on Washington’s birthday?Because they are familiar with the story of Washington and the cherry tree and they eat cherry pie to remember him as an honest man.96. What are the two symbols frequently associated with EasterThey are the egg and the hare ( or the bunny ).97. What did a group of women in the south do on May 30, 1868?They decorated the graves of both Union and Confederate soldiers.98. Why were American children awarded the 1965 Nobel Prize for peace?They were awarded the prize for their collection of money for UNICEF to help children in developing countries.99. Why was the unknown soldier buried at Arlington in 1921 awarded two medals?The honors were not for one but for all who had given their lives in the war.100. What is the typical food for Thanksgiving dinner?The typical food is roast turkey, pumpkin pie and cranberry sauce.。