国际贸易中国进出口 英文
中英对照-中华人民共和国对外贸易法 Foreign trade law
中华人民共和国对外贸易法（中英文对照）2004年4月6日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第八次会议修订中华人民共和国主席令第十五号《中华人民共和国对外贸易法》已由中华人民共和国第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第八次会议于2004年4月6日修订通过，现将修订后的《中华人民共和国对外贸易法》公布，自2004年7月1日起施行。
中华人民共和国主席胡锦涛2004年4月6日目录第一章总则第二章对外贸易经营者第三章货物进出口与技术进出口第四章国际服务贸易第五章与对外贸易有关的知识产权保护第六章对外贸易秩序第七章对外贸易调查第八章对外贸易救济第九章对外贸易促进第十章法律责任第十一章附则第一章总则第一条为了扩大对外开放，发展对外贸易，维护对外贸易秩序，保护对外贸易经营者的合法权益，促进社会主义市场经济的健康发展，制定本法。
第二条本法适用于对外贸易以及与对外贸易有关的知识产权保护。
本法所称对外贸易，是指货物进出口、技术进出口和国际服务贸易。
第三条国务院对外贸易主管部门依照本法主管全国对外贸易工作。
第四条国家实行统一的对外贸易制度，鼓励发展对外贸易，维护公平、自由的对外贸易秩序。
第五条中华人民共和国根据平等互利的原则，促进和发展同其他国家和地区的贸易关系，缔结或者参加关税同盟协定、自由贸易区协定等区域经济贸易协定，参加区域经济组织。
第六条中华人民共和国在对外贸易方面根据所缔结或者参加的国际条约、协定，给予其他缔约方、参加方最惠国待遇、国民待遇等待遇，或者根据互惠、对等原则给予对方最惠国待遇、国民待遇等待遇。
第七条任何国家或者地区在贸易方面对中华人民共和国采取歧视性的禁止、限制或者其他类似措施的，中华人民共和国可以根据实际情况对该国家或者该地区采取相应的措施。
第二章对外贸易经营者第八条本法所称对外贸易经营者，是指依法办理工商登记或者其他执业手续，依照本法和其他有关法律、行政法规的规定从事对外贸易经营活动的法人、其他组织或者个人。
《国际贸易务(双语)》三习题库
《国际贸易实务（双语）》三习题库第一章国际贸易简介Chapter 1 A Brief Introduction to International Trade预习题1. What is international trade?2. Why do nations trade?练习题3. What are the differences between international trade and domestic trade?4. P17-20 专业术语、课后练习复习题5. What are the characteristics of international trade？6. What are the forms of international trade？7. Useful certificates for your future job-hunting.第二章进出口交易的一般程序General Procedure of International Trade一、国际贸易的基本流程Basic procedure of international trade预习题：1. Suppose you are an exporter, what will you do before you enter into a business with a trade partner?2.我国某出口公司与香港C公司签订了一笔总值25万美元销售猪肉的合同,FOB青岛,目的港韩国釜山,付款方式为D/A远期120天办理托收。
该出口公司按规定的装运期限装运货物后,通过中国银行办理托收手续。
中国银行委托香港南洋商业银行为代收行向香港C公司收款。
单据到香港后,C公司即承兑赎单,又以原提单向韩国收货人收取了货款。
香港南洋商业银行在汇票到期时向C公司催促付款,但此时该公司已宣告破产。
经查核C公司在当地注册资本仅15万港元,其财产远远不够抵偿该公司的欠款。
国际进出口贸易合同范本英文版
国际进出口贸易合同范本英文版国际进出口贸易合同范本（英文版）Article 1: Interpretation1.1 DefinitionsUnless the context otherwise requires, the following terms shall have the following meanings:•“Buyer” means the party specified as the buyer in the Contract.•“Seller” means the party specified as the seller in the Contract.•“Contract” means the international sales contract signed by the Buyer and the Seller.•“Goods” means the products and materials specified in the Contract to be sold and delivered by the Seller to the Buyer.•“Price” means the price of the Goods specified in the Contract.•“Delivery” means the act of delivering the Goods to the Buyer in accordance with the terms of the Contract.•“Payment” means the payment to be made by the Buyer to the Seller in accordance with the terms of the Contract.•“Terms of Sale” means the terms and conditions specified in the Contract governing the sale and delivery of the Goods.1.2 Interpretation•Headings are for convenience only and shall not be used to interpret or affect the meaning of any provision of the Contract.•Words importing the singular include the plural and vice versa, and words importing gender include all genders.•References to any law, regulation, or instrument are to such law, regulation, or instrument as amended, extended, or re-enacted from time to time.Article 2: Sale and Delivery of Goods2.1 Sale of GoodsThe Seller agrees to sell, and the Buyer agrees to buy, the Goods in accordance with the terms of the Contract.2.2 Delivery of GoodsThe Seller shall deliver the Goods to the Buyer at the place and in the manner specified in the Contract. The risk in the Goods shall pass to the Buyer upon delivery.2.3 Time of DeliveryThe Seller shall deliver the Goods to the Buyer within the time specified in the Contract. If the Seller fails to deliver the Goods within the specified time, the Buyer shall be entitled to terminate the Contract by written notice to the Seller.Article 3: Price and Payment3.1 PriceThe Price for the Goods shall be as specified in the Contract.3.2 PaymentThe Buyer shall make payment for the Goods to the Seller in the manner and within the time specified in the Contract.Article 4: Warranties4.1 Seller’s WarrantiesThe Seller warrants that:•The Goods are of good quality and fit for the purpose for which they are intended.•The Goods do not infringe any intellectual property rights of a third party.4.2 Buyer’s WarrantiesThe Buyer warrants that:•It has the right to purchase the Goods and to enter into the Contract.•The information provided by it in relation to the Goods is accurate and complete.Article 5: Liability5.1 Seller’s LiabilityThe Seller shall be liable to the Buyer for any loss or damage suffered by the Buyer due to the breach of the Contract by the Seller.5.2 Buyer’s LiabilityThe Buyer shall be liable to the Seller for any loss or damage suffered by the Seller due to the breach of the Contract by the Buyer.Article 6: TerminationEither party may terminate the Contract by written notice to the other party if: •The other party breaches the Contract and fails to cure such breach within a reasonable time.•The other party becomes insolvent or unable to pay its debts as they become due.Article 7: Dispute ResolutionAny disputes arising out of or in connection with the Contract shall be resolved by arbitration in accordance with the rules of the International Chamber of Commerce.Article 8: Governing LawThe Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the country specified in the Contract.Article 9: Entire AgreementThe Contract constitutes the entire agreement between the Buyer and the Seller in relation to the subject matter of the Contract, and supersedes all prior agreements, representations, and understandings, whether written or oral, between the parties.Article 10: AmendmentsThe Contract may be amended or modified only by a written instrument executed by both parties.### 特殊应用场合及增加条款1.跨国并购–条款增加:•并购条款: 明确并购过程中资产转移的细节，包括知识产权、员工合同的转移。
国际贸易实务(第二版)人大版教学课件第6章 进出口商品的价格
预期利润
一般为货价的10%
国际运费 国际保险费=CIF价×（1+投保加成率）×保险费率
国际贸易实务
6.3 主要贸易术语的价格构成与换算
6.3.1 主要贸易术语的价格构成
1.FOB、CFR、CIF三种贸易术语的价格构成 其中，国内费用包括： ⑴加工整理费用； ⑵包装费用； ⑶保管费用（包括仓租、火险等）； ⑷国内运输费用； ⑸证件费用（包括商检费、公证费、领事签证费、产地证费、许可证费、报 关单费等）； ⑹装船费（装船、起吊费和驳船费等）； ⑺银行费用（贴现利息、手续费等）； ⑻预计损耗（耗损、短损、漏损、破损、变质等）； ⑼邮电费（电报、电传、邮件等费用）。
6.3 主要贸易术语的价格构成与换算
6.3.2 主要贸易术语的价格换算
2.FCA、CPT和CIP三种术语的价格换算 （1）FCA价格换算为其他价格
CPT价格=FCA价格+国外运费 CIP价格=(FCA价格+国外运费)/[1-(1+投保加成率)×保险费率] （2）CPT价格换算为其他价格 FCA价格=CPT价格-国外运费 CIP价格=CPT价格/[1-(1+投保加成率)×保险费率] （3）CIP价格换算为其他价格 FCA价格=CIP价格×[1-(1+投保加成率)×保险费率]-国外运费 CPT价格=CIP价格×[1-(1+投保加成率)×保险费率]
6.3 主要贸易术语的价格构成与换算
6.3.2 主要贸易术语的价格换算
1.FOB、CFR和CIF三种术语的换算 （1）FOB价格换算为其他价格
CFR价格=FOB价格+国外运费 CIF价格=(FOB价格+国外运费)/[1-(1+投保加成率)×保险费率] （2）CFR价格换算为其他价格 FOB价格=CFR价格-国外运费 CIF价格=CFR价格/[1-(1+投保加成率)×保险费率] （3）CIF价格换算为其他价格 FOB价格=CIF价格×[1-(1+投保加成率)×保险费率]-国外运费 CFR价格=CIF价格-国外保险费=CIF价格×[1-(1+投保加成率)×保险费率]
进出口海关英文术语Customsinsecption
进出口海关英文术语Customsinsecption进出口海关英文术语Customs insecptionact of smuggling 走私行为additional dues 附加费bills and securities in foreign currency外币票证cash deposit （现金）保证金collect 收税，收费collection of faxs and duties 征税duty-paying values 完税价格duty receipt 税款收据duty rate 税率examine cargo 验货examine passager's luggage 检查旅客行李excise 消费税，货物税conceal 藏匿customs rules 海关法规customs seals 海关铅封confiscate 没收contraband goods 违禁品customs statistics 海关统计customs tariff 海关税则customs uniform 海关制服import duty 进口税indemnify 赔偿inspection or search a ship 检查船舶或抄船late payment fee 滞纳金levy 征收make good 补交minimum tariff rate 最低税率duty-fee 免税的duty memo 税款缴纳证duty paid 已完税的habit-forming drug 能使人成瘾的麻醉药物impot specification list 进口明细单import license 进口许可证seize 没收shortpaid 短征tariff number 税则号码the foreign trade control policies 对外贸易管制政策the most favoured nation 最惠国treatment 处理待遇export license 出口许可证export specification list 出口明细单false declaration of the quantity of cargo 谎报货物数量from infected area 来自疫区general tariff rate 普通税率heroin 海洛因severe act of smuggling 严重走私行为drawback 退税destory 销毁detain 扣留dutiabel 应完税的dutiable artical 应税货物reckon 计算morphia 吗啡original decision 原始决定remit 补还restriced articales 限制货物minimum amount of colletion 最低征收额，起征点poisonous drugs 剧毒药品prohibited articale 禁运物品rare book 珍贵图书换单费/抽单费： D/O fee delivery order上海港THC：THC in Shanghai port港口附加费：port surcharge分拔费：break-bulk fee舱单更改费：manifest modified fee三检费：commodity inspection fee, plant and animals quarantine fee 报检预录费：inspection declaration sheet input fee通关单单证费：transfer fee通关单预录费：input fee of inspection and quarantine transfer通关单代办费：quarantine transfer sheet charge商品检验费：commodity inspection fee箱体消毒费：container antisepsis fee箱检费：container inspection fee箱体封识费：container seal fee货物消毒费：goods sterilize fee动检费：animals quarantine fee动检场地费：site fee of animals quantine卫检费：hygiene inspection fee卫检场地费：site fee of hygiene inspection熏蒸费：fumigation charge报关费：customs declaration fee报关单预录费：input fee of customs pre-declaration 报关代理费：customs declaration handling fee舱单预录费：manifest input fee查验费：customs inspection fee查验开箱费：container open fee in inspection查验吊箱费：container sling fee in inspection查验称重费：weight fee in inspection查验掏箱费：goods take-out fee in inspection转关代理费：customs transfer handling fee退单费：shut-out fee拼单费：combine customs declaration sheet fee滞报金：declaration demurrage duty滞纳金：demurrage duty国内运输费：trucking fee港杂费：port sundries提货费：pick-up charges汽代费：truck agent fee理货费：tally fee园区卡口费：gate charge修污箱费：repair contaminated container fee疏港费：port demurrage charge超期租箱费：container overtime used fee危险品提货费：pick-up charges for DGR cargo保险费：insurance送货费：delivery charge上下车费：lift on and lift off charge通关点使用费：bonded area charge物流费用英语C2008-02-02canal transit dues 运河通行税capitation fee均摊的费用car license fee车辆执照费cargo air tariff货物空运费率表cargo dues货物港务费cargo expenses装卸费用cargo freight货物运费,运费cargo handling charges货物处理费用cargo handling fee at destination port货物到港处置费cargo reconditioning expenses 货物倒舱费，货物整理费cargo shifting charges翻舱费cargo shifting expenses倒舱费cargo valuation form货价表，货物估定价格表carload rate 整车运费carriage运费carriage charge运费carriage expense 运费carriage forward运费待付carriage free 免收运费carriage paid运费已付cartage搬运费，车费cartage fee卡车运费cartage note搬运费率cash and carry现付自运CFS charge场站费charge （收）费charges that are below a just and reasonable level低于正当合理的收费chassis usage charge(CUC)拖车运费CIQ Brokerage Fee报检费clear service charges清晰的费收标准clearance fee出港手续费collect (cash) on delivery（C.O.D.）到付combination of rate 分段相加运价commodity classification rates (CCR) 等价货物运价conference freight协定运费conference freight rate 协定运费率conference rates 公会费率congestion surcharge 拥挤费construction rate 比例运价container clearance charge清洁箱费container cost 容器成本container damage charge 坏箱费用container damage fee 坏污箱费container detention charge滞箱费container dirtyness change污箱费container loading charge(including inland drayage)内装箱费container overweight surcharge(COS)集装箱超重附加费container stuffing charge提箱费cost of packing 包装费cost of tare 包皮价值,外包装费currency adjustment factor(CAF) 货币贬值附加费custodian fee保管费customs brokerage fee 报关费customs clearance fee报关费customs duty关税customs fee海关规费customs house fee海关手续费customs inspection fee海关查验费海运费– OCEAN FREIGHT定舱费– BOOKING FEE电放费– SURRENDED FEE并单费– COMBINE CHARGE改单费– AMEND FEE集卡费– TRUCKING FEE内装费– LOADING FEE报关费– CUSTOMS CLEARANCE FEE商检费– COMMODITY CHECKING FEE特殊操作费– SPECIAL HANDLING CHARGE快递费– COURIER FEE熏蒸费– FUMIGATION CHARGE打单费– DOCUMENT FEE注销费– LOGOUT FEE改配费– RE-BOOKING FEE查验费– INSPECTION FEE包干费– LOCAL CHARGE保险费– INSURANCE CHARGE外拼费– CO-LOAD FEE退佣– COMMISSION掏箱费– UN-LOADING FEE港口操作费– TERMINAL HANDLING CHARGE（THC）战争附加费– WAR RISK SURCHARGE（WRS）燃油附加费– BUNKER ADITIONAL FEE（BAF）普调费– GENERAL RATE INCREASE（GRI）港口拥挤费– PORT CONGESTION SURCHARGE（PCS）旺季附加费– PEAK SEASON SURCHARGE（PSS）汇率附加费– CURRENCY ADDITIONAL FEE（CAF）目的港卸货费– DESTINATION DELIVERY CHARGE（DDC）海运费ocean freight集卡运费、短驳费Drayage订舱费booking charge报关费customs clearance fee操作劳务费labour fee or handling charge商检换单费exchange fee for CIP换单费D/O fee拆箱费De-vanning charge港杂费port sur-charge电放费B/L surrender fee冲关费emergent declearation change海关查验费customs inspection fee待时费waiting charge仓储费storage fee改单费amendment charge拼箱服务费LCL service charge动、植检疫费animal & plant quarantine fee移动式其重机费mobile crane charge进出库费warehouse in/out charge提箱费container stuffing charge滞期费demurrage charge滞箱费container detention charge卡车运费cartage fee商检费commodity inspection fee转运费transportation charge污箱费container dirtyness change坏箱费用container damage charge清洁箱费container clearance charge分拨费dispatch charge车上交货FOT ( free on track )电汇手续费T/T fee转境费/过境费I/E bonded charge空运方面的专用术语空运费air freight机场费air terminal charge空运提单费airway bill feeFSC (燃油附加费) fuel surchargeSCC（安全附加费）security sur-charge抽单费D/O fee上海港常用术语内装箱费container loading charge(including inland drayage) 疏港费port congestion charge他港常用术语场站费CFS charge文件费document chargeBAF BUNKER AJUSTMENT FACTOR 燃油附加费系数BAF 燃油附加费，大多数航线都有，但标准不一。
国际贸易中国进出口英文
The Total Impression on the Economic Condition of Our Country
Developing country 's trade pattern
ABUNDANT
SCARCE
Large population Less-skilled or Medium skilled labor Made in China Huge land
Soybeans; Metal ores; Crude petroleum; Special industrial machinery; Electronic microcircuits; Scientific equipment
(USD 100 million)
Heckscher-Ohlin (H-O) Theory of Factor Endowment
Secondly, much of its pattern of net exports and net imports of different products is just what Heckscher and Ohlin would predict.
Therefore, much of China's intenational trade is consistent with the HeckscherOhlin theory.
Trade
Export the labor intensive products
Materials and high-skilled labor intensive product
Import
Further Discussion
Question 1.
进出口贸易的定义
进出口贸易的定义进出口贸易-国际贸易是指世界各个国家(或地区)在商品和劳务等方面进行的交换活动。
店铺把整理好的进出口贸易的定义分享给大家，欢迎阅读，仅供参考哦!进出口贸易的概念和基本常识进出口贸易的定义进口贸易(import Trade)：将其他国家的商品或服务引进到该国市场销售。
出口贸易(Export Trade)：将该国的商品或服务输出到其他国家市场销售。
进口贸易和出口贸易是就每笔交易的双方而言，对于卖方而言，就是出口贸易，对于买方而言，就是进口贸易。
进口贸易和出口贸易的组合就是进出口贸易，通俗称谓国际贸易。
进出口贸易的常见术语常用贸易术语有fob、cfr、cif、fca、cpt和cip。
1、 fob(free on board)装运港船上交货。
2、 cfr(cost and freight)成本加运费价。
3、 cif(cost，insurance and freight)成本加运费、保险费价。
、进出口贸易的常见支付方式支付工具与支付方式1、支付工具(1)汇票是一个人向另一个人签发的要求受票人在见票时或在将来固定的时间或可以确定的时间向某人或其指定人或持票人支付一定金额的无条件的书面支付命令。
(2)本票(3)支票2、支付方式(1)汇付(remittance)是指付款人主动通过银行或其他途径将款项汇交收款人的支付方式。
包括信汇(m/t)、电汇(t/t)和票汇(d/d)三种方式。
(2)托收(collection)出口方在货物装船后将单据交给银行，委托银行通过进口方所在地的银行向进口方收取货款的支付方式。
按银行交单的条件不同可分为：即期付款交单(d/p at sight)、远期付款交单(d/p after sight )和承兑交单(d/a)三种方式。
(3)信用证(letter of credit)是开证银行在进口商的申请和要求下，开给卖方，在卖方履行信用证义务并提交符合信用证的单据后，保证向受益人按期支付货款的凭证。
国际贸易实务 名词翻译
国际贸易实务：名词解释53个汇总名词解释1.barter trade(易货贸易)：the direcrt exchange ofgoods or services-without an intervening medium of exchange or momey-eitheraccording to established rates of exchange or by bargaining.it is consideredthe oldest form of trade.2.direct trade(直接贸易)：goods are transporteddirectly from the production country to the consuming country. In this case,only two parties are involved in the transaction,namely the exporter and theimporter.3.entrepot trade：refers to the transaction which involves importing goods from overseasfor further processing or assembling and then reexporting the goods abroad. Entrepottrade involves only one party, who is the importer, the processor and at thesame time also the exporter.4.invisibletrade(无形贸易):没有实物形态的技术和服务的进出口。
例如，机器、设备、家具等都是有实物形态的商品，这些商品的进出口称为有形贸易。
专利使用权的转让、旅游、金融保险企业跨国提供服务等都是没有实物形态的商品，其进出口称为无形贸易。
FOB、CFR、CIF、FCA、CIP、CPT六个主要术语
3）装船费用的问题 ） 装船费用：装船费、理舱费、 装船费用：装船费、理舱费、平舱费 A、在合同中订明 、 Loading Charges to be Covered by the Seller (Buyer)
B、FOB的变形 、 的变形
FOB班轮条件（FOB liner terms），如同采用这一 班轮条件（ ），如同采用这一 班轮条件 ）， 变形，那么装船费用由船方或者买方承担； 变形，那么装船费用由船方或者买方承担； FOB钓钩下交货（FOB under tackle），指卖方负 钓钩下交货（ ），指卖方负 钓钩下交货 ）， 担费用将货物置于轮船吊钩可及之处， 担费用将货物置于轮船吊钩可及之处，从货物起吊开始 的装船费用由买方负担； 的装船费用由买方负担； FOB包括理舱（FOB stowed, FOBS），指卖方负担 包括理舱（ ），指卖方负担 包括理舱 ）， 将货物装入船舱并支付包括理舱费在内的装船费用； 将货物装入船舱并支付包括理舱费在内的装船费用；安 置和整理 FOB包括平舱（FOB trimmed, FOBT），指卖方负 包括平舱（ ），指卖方负 包括平舱 ）， 担将货物装入船舱并支付包括平舱费在内的装船费用。 担将货物装入船舱并支付包括平舱费在内的装船费用。 对散装货物进行平整
卖方主张是不合理的，损失应由卖方承担。 卖方主张是不合理的，损失应由卖方承担。 因为在FOB项下，风险发生转移的时间为 项下， 因为在 项下 装运港船舷，货物在越过船舷之前， 装运港船舷，货物在越过船舷之前，风险 由卖方承担，之后由买方承担。 由卖方承担，之后由买方承担。本案中的 货物的损失发生在吊装过程中， 货物的损失发生在吊装过程中，是越过船 舷之前的风险，所以应由卖方承担。 舷之前的风险，所以应由卖方承担。
国际贸易常用英语
国际贸易常用英语trade term / price term 价格术语world / international market price 国际市场价格FOB (free on board) 离岸价C&F (cost and freight) 成本加运费价CIF (cost, insurance and freight) 到岸价一)工厂交货( EXW) 本术语英文为“EX Works(… named place)”卖方承担最小风险，即“工厂交货(……指定地点)”。
它指卖方负有在其所在地即车间、工厂、仓库等把备妥的货物交付给买方的责任，但通常不负责将货物装上买方准备的车辆上或办理货物结关。
买方承担自卖方的所在地将货物运至预期的目的地的全部费用和风险。
(二)货交承运人(FCA)本术语英文为“Free Carrier(… named place)”，即“货物交承运人(……指定地点)”。
它指卖方应负责将其移交的货物，办理出关后，在指定的地点交付给买方指定的承运入照管。
根据商业惯例，当卖方被要求与承运人通过签订合同进行协作时，在买方承担风险和费用的情况下，卖方可以照此办理。
本术语适用于任何运输方式。
(三)船边交货(FAS)本术语英文为“Free Alongside ship(… named port of shipment)”即“船边交货(……指定装运港)”。
它指卖方在指定的装运港码头或驳船上把货物交至船边，从这时起买方须承担货物灭失或损坏的全部费用和风险，另外买方须办理出口结关手续。
本术语适用于海运或内河运输。
(四)船上交货(FOB)本术语英文为“ Free on Boar d(… named port of shipment)”，即“船上交货(……指定装运港)”。
它指卖方在指定的装运港把货物送过船舷后交付，货过船舷后买方须承担货物的全部费用、风险、灭失或损坏，另外要求卖方办理货物的出口结关手续。
国际贸易英文版教材
作者、书名、出版社、出版年份、目录Thomas A．Pugel. International Economics(15th). Renmin University of China p ress. 2012-12CONTENTSChapter 1 International Economics Is DifferentFour ControversiesEconomics and the Nation-StateThe Scheme of This BookPART ONE THE THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL TRADEChapter 2 The Basic Theory Using Demand and SupplyFour Questions about TradeA Look AheadDemand and SupplyCase Study Trade Is ImportantGlobal Crisis The Trade Mini-Collapse of 2009Two National Markets and the Opening of TradeChapter 3 Why Everybody Trades: Comparative Advantage 33Adam Smith’s Theory of Absolute AdvantageCase Study Mercantilism: Older Than Smith—and Alive TodayRicardo’s Theory of Comparative AdvantageRicardo’s Constant Costs and the Producti on-Possibility CurveFocus on Labor Absolute Advantage Does MatterExtension What If Trade Doesn’t Balance?Chapter 4 Trade: Factor Availability and Factor Proportions Are KeyProduction with Increasing Marginal CostsCommunity Indifference CurvesProduction and Consumption TogetherFocus on China The Opening of Trade and China’s Shift Out of AgricultureThe Gains from TradeTrade Affects Production and ConsumptionWhat Determines the Trade Pattern?The Heckscher–Ohlin (H–O) TheoryChapter 5 Who Gains and Who Loses from Trade?Who Gains and Who Loses within a CountryThree Implications of the H–O TheoryExtension A Factor-Ratio ParadoxDoes Heckscher–Ohlin Explain Actual Trade Patterns?Case Study The Leontief ParadoxWhat Are the Export-Oriented and Import-Competing Factors?Focus on China China’s Exports and ImportsDo Factor Prices Equalize Internationally?Focus on Labor U.S. Jobs and Foreign Trade 86Chapter 6 Scale Economies, Imperfect Competition, and TradeScale EconomiesIntra-Industry TradeMonopolistic Competition and TradeExtension The Individual Firm in MonopolisticOligopoly and TradeExtension The Gravity Model of TradeChapter 7 Growth and TradeBalanced versus Biased GrowthGrowth in Only One FactorChanges in the Country’s Willingness to TradeCase Study The Dutch Disease and DeindustrializationEffects on the Country’s Terms of TradeTechnology and TradeFocus on Labor Trade, Technology, and U.S. WagesPART TWO TRADE POLICYChapter 8 Analysis of a TariffGlobal Governance WTO and GATT: Tariff SuccessA Preview of ConclusionsThe Effect of a Tariff on Domestic ProducersThe Effect of a Tariff on Domestic ConsumersThe Tariff as Government RevenueThe Net National Loss from a TariffExtension The Effective Rate of ProtectionCase Study They Tax Exports, TooThe Terms-of-Trade Effect and a Nationally Optimal TariffChapter 9 Nontariff Barriers to ImportsTypes of Nontariff Barriers to ImportsThe Import QuotaGlobal Governance The WTO: Beyond TariffsGlobal Crisis Dodging ProtectionismExtension A Domestic Monopoly Prefers a QuotaVoluntary Export Restraints (VERs)Other Nontariff BarriersCase Study VERs: Two ExamplesCase Study Carrots Are Fruit, Snails Are Fish, and X-Men Are Not HumansHow Big Are the Costs of Protection?International Trade DisputesFocus on China China’s First Decade in the WTOChapter 10 Arguments for and against ProtectionThe Ideal World of First BestThe Realistic World of Second BestPromoting Domestic Production or EmploymentThe Infant Industry ArgumentFocus on Labor How Much Does It Cost to Protect a Job?The Dying Industry Argument and Adjustment AssistanceThe Developing Government (Public Revenue) ArgumentOther Arguments for Protection: Non=economic ObjectivesThe Politics of Protection The Basic Elements of the Political-Economic Analysis Case Study How Sweet It Is (or Isn’t)Chapter 11 Pushing ExportsDumpingReacting to Dumping: What Should a Dumpee Think?Actual Antidumping Policies: What Is Unfair?Case Study Antidumping in ActionProposals for ReformExport SubsidiesWTO Rules on SubsidiesShould the Importing Country Impose Countervailing Duties?Case Study Agriculture Is AmazingStrategic Export Subsidies Could Be GoodGlobal Governance Dogfight at the WTOChapter 12 Trade Blocs and Trade BlocksTypes of Economic BlocsIs Trade Discrimination Good or Bad?The Basic Theory of Trade Blocs: Trade Creation and Trade DiversionOther Possible Gains from a Trade BlocThe EU ExperienceCase Study Postwar Trade Integration in EuropeNorth America Becomes a BlocTrade Blocs among Developing CountriesTrade EmbargoesChapter 13 Trade and the EnvironmentIs Free Trade Anti-Environment?Is the WTO Anti-Environment?Global Governance Dolphins, Turtles, and the WTOThe Specificity Rule AgainA Preview of Policy PrescriptionsTrade and Domestic PollutionTrans-border PollutionGlobal Environmental ChallengesChapter 14 Trade Policies for Developing CountriesWhich Trade Policy for Developing Countries?Are the Long-Run Price Trends against Primary Producers?Case Study Special Challenges of TransitionInternational Cartels to Raise Primary-Product PricesImport-Substituting Industrialization (ISI)Exports of Manufactures to Industrial CountriesChapter 15 Multinationals and Migration: International Factor MovementsForeign Direct InvestmentMultinational EnterprisesFDI: History and Current PatternsWhy Do Multinational Enterprises Exist?Taxation of Mul tinational Enterprises’ProfitsCase Study CEMEX: A Model Multinational from an Unusual PlaceMNEs and International TradeShould the Home Country Restrict FDI Outflows?Should the Host Country Restrict FDI Inflows?Focus on China China as a Host CountryMigrationHow Migration Affects Labor MarketsShould the Sending Country Restrict Emigration?Should the Receiving Country Restrict Immigration?Case Study Are Immigrants a Fiscal Burden?APPENDIXESA The Web and the Library: International Numbers and Other InformationB Deriving Production-Possibility CurvesC Offer CurvesD The Nationally Optimal Tariff周瑞琪. International Trade Practice. University of International Business and Economics press. 2011.9CONTENTSChapter One General Introduction（第一章导论）1.1 Reasons for International Trade （国际间贸易的起因）1.2 Differences between International Trade and Domestic Trade （国际贸易与国内贸易的差异）1.3 Classification of International Trade（国际贸易的分类）1.4 Export and Import Procedures（进出口贸易的程序）1.5 Overview of This Book （本书的基本内容）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Specimens（单证样本）Chapter Two International Trade Terms（第二章国际贸易术语）2.1 Three Sets of Rules （三种贸易术语的解释规则）2.2 Basics of Incoterms 2010 （2010年国际贸易术语解释通则基本概念）2.3 Application Issues（贸易术语在使用中应注意的问题）2.4 Determinants of Choice of Trade Terms （贸易术语选用的决定因素）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Chapter Three Export Price（第三章出口商品的价格）3.1 Expression of Export Price（出口价格的表达）3.2 Pricing Considerations（影响定价的因素）3.3 Calculation of Price（价格的计算）3.4 Understanding the Price（价格的评估）3.5 Communication of Price（价格的沟通）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Chapter Four Terms of Commodity（第四章商品条款）4.1 Name of Commodity （商品的名称）4.2 Specifying Quality（商品的品质）4.3 Measuring Quantity（商品的数量）4.4 Packing and Marking（商品的包装及标志）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Chapter Five Cargo Transportation（第五章国际货物运输）5.1 Ocean Transportation （海洋运输）5.2 Other Modes of Transportation （其他运输方式）5.3 Transportation Documents（运输单据）5.4 Shipment Clause in the Sales Contract（销售合同中的装运条款）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Specimens（单证样本）Chapter Six Cargo Transportation Insurance（第六章货物运输保险）6.1 Fundamental Principles of Cargo Insurance（货物保险的基本原则）6.2 Marine Risks and Losses（海上风险和损失）6.3 Coverage of Marine Cargo Insurance of CIC（我国海上货物保险范围）6.4 Coverage of Marine Cargo Insurance of ICC（协会货物保险范围）6.5 Other Types of Cargo Insurance（其他货物保险的种类）6.6 Procedures of Cargo Insurance（货物保险程序）6.7 Insurance Terms in the Sales Contract（销售合同中的保险条款）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Specimens（单证样本）Chapter Seven International Payments（第七章国际货款支付）7.1 Issues in Concern（影响支付条件的因素）7.2 Paying Instruments（支付工具）7.3 Remittance（汇付）7.4 Collection（托收）7.5 Basics of Letter of Credit（信用证基础知识）7.6 Types of Documentary Credit（跟单信用证的种类）7.7 Letter of Guarantee（L/G）（保函）7.8 Export Financing（出口融资）7.9 Payment Problems（支付中出现的问题）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Specimens（单证样本）Chapter Eight Export Documentation（第八章出口单证）8.1 Significance of Documentation（单证的重要性）8.2 Basic Requirements for Documentation（单证的基本要求）8.3 Prerequisites of Documentation（制单的依据）8.4 Export Documents（出口单证的种类）8.5 Clause Concerning Documents in the Sales Contract（销售合同中有关单证的条款）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Specimens（单证样本）Chapter Nine Inspection, Claim, Force Majeure and Arbitration（第九章商检、索赔、不可抗力和仲裁）9.1 Commodity Inspection（商品检验）9.2 Disputes and Claims（争议和索赔）9.3 Force Majeure（不可抗力）9.4 Arbitration（仲裁）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Key to Exercises（练习答案）Glossary（词汇表）Appendix 1INCOTERMS 2010 （FOB, CFR, CIF）（附录12010年国际贸易术语解释通则（FOB，CFR，CIF））Appendix 2CISG 1980 （Part II）（附录2联合国国际货物销售合同公约1980（第二部分）) References （参考书目）帅建林. International Trade Practice. University of International Business and Economics press. 2007.9CONTENTSPart 1 OverviewChapter 1 Introduction to International TradeChapter 2 International Trade PolicyChapter 3 Trade Bloc and Trade BlockChapter 4 WTO :A Navigation GuidePart 2 Terms of International TradeChapter 5 International Trade TermsChapter Terms of CommodityChapter International Cargo TransportChapter 8 Cargo InsuranceChapter 9 Terms of PriceChapter 10 International Payment and SettlementChapter 11 Claims, Force Majeure and ArbitrationPart 3 International Trade ProcedureChapter 12 Launching a Profitable TransactionChapter 13 Business Negotiation and Establishment of ContractChapter 14 Exporting ElementsChapter 15 Importing ElementsChapter 16 DocumentationPart 4 Trade FormsChapter 17 Agency, Distribution and ConsignmentChapter 18 TendersChapter 19 Counter TradeChapter 20 Futures TradingChapter 21 E-CommerceAppendix Glossary of International Trade Terms with English-Chinese InterpretationsBibliographyPaul R.Krugman & Maurice Obstfeld. International Economics:Theory andPolicy,8E. Tsinghua University press. 2011-11Contents前言第1章绪论第1部分国际贸易理论第2章世界贸易：概览第3章劳动生产率和比较优势：李嘉图模型第4章资源、比较优势和收入分配第5章标准贸易模型第6章规模经济、不完全竞争和国际贸易第7章国际要素流动第2部分国际贸易政策第8章贸易政策工具第9章贸易政策中的政治经济学第10章发展中国家的贸易政策第11章贸易政策中的争论数学附录第4章附录要素比例模型第5章附录贸易下的世界经济第6章附录垄断竞争模模型张素芳，International trade: theory and practice. University of International Business & Economics Press, Beijing, 2010contentsSection I. International Trade Theory and PolicyCHAPTER 1.INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL TRADE1.The Reasons for International Trade1.1. Resources reasons1.2. Economic reasons1.3. Other reasons2. The Differences between International Trade and Domestic Trade'.'2.1. More plex context2.2. More difficult and risky2.3. Higher skills required3.Basic Concepts Relating to International Trade3.1. Visible trade and invisible trade3.2. Favorable balance of trade and unfavorable balance oft rade3.3. General trade system and special trade system3.4. Volume of international trade and quantum of international trade3.5. Commodity position of international trade3.6. Geographical position of international trade3.7. Degree of dependence on foreign tradeCHAPTER 2.CLASSICAL TRADE THEORIES1.Mercantilism1.1. The development of mercantilist thought1.2. The mercantilist economic system1.3. Economic policies pursued by the mercantilists1.4. Discussions2.David Hume's Challenge to Mercantilism2.1. Assumptions of price-specie=flow mechanism2.2. The price-specie-flow mechanism3.Adam Smith's Theory of Absolute Advantage3.1. Assumptions of Adam Smith's theory of absolute advantage3.2. Challenge to Mercantilism3.3. Example4.David Ricardo's Theory of Comparative Advantage4.1. The concept of parative advantage4.2. Example4.3. Analysis of the theory of parative advantage by using modemtools. CHAPTER 3.NEOCLASSICAL TRADE THEORIES.1.Gains from Trade in Neoclassical Trade Theory1.1. Increasing opportunity costs on the PPF1.2. General equilibrium and gains in autarky1.3. General equilibrium and gains after the introduction of international trade ...2.Reciprocal Demand Theory2.1. A country's offer curve2.2. Trading equilibrium2.3. Measurement of terms of trade3.Factor Endowment Theory3.1. Factor intensity in production3.2. Factor endowments, factor prices, and parative advantage3.3. Assumptions of the factor proportions theory.,3.4. The Heckscher-Ohlin theorem.:3.5. An example to illustrate H-O theorem.3.6. The factor price equalization theorem:3.7. The Stolper-Samuelson theorem4.The Leontief Paradox——An Empirical Test of the Factor Proportions Theory 4.1. The Leontief paradox.-4.2. Suggested explanations for the Leontief Paradox and related theories CHAPTER 4.POST-HECKSHER-OHLIN THEORIES OF TRADE1.The Product Cycle Theory1.1. The imitation lag hypothesis1.2. The product cycle theory2.The Linder Theory2.1. Assumptions of the Linder theory2.2. Trade es in the overlapping ranges of products ophistication.:3.Intra-Industry Trade Theory3.1. Explanations of intra-industry trade3.2. Measurement of intra-industry tradeCHAPTER 5.IMPORT PROTECTION POLICY: TARIFFS1.Types of Import Tariffs1.1. In terms of the means of collection1.2. In terms of the different tariff rates applied1.3. In terms of special purposes for collection2.The Effects of Import Tariffs2.1. Concepts of consumer surplus and producer surplus2.2. The welfare effects of import tariffs3.Measurement of Import Tariffs3.1. The 'height' of import tariffs3.2. Nominal versus effective tariff ratesCHAPTER 6.IMPORT PROTECTION POLICY: NON-TARIFF BARRIERS''1.Forms of Non-tariff Barriers.1.1. Quantity control measures1.2. Price control measures1.3. Para-tariff measures1.4. Finance measures1.5. Anti-petitive measures.,.1.6. Miscellaneous measures2.Effects of Non-tariff Barriers2.1. The effects of an import quota2.2. The effects of a subsidy to an import-peting industryCHAPTER 7.EXPORT PROMOTION AND OTHER POLICIES1.Export Subsidy and Production Subsidy1.1. Export subsidy and its effects1.2. Production subsidy and its effects.2.Other Export Promotion Policies2.1. Devaluation of home currency.2.2. Commodity dumping2.3. Bonded warehouse2.4. Special trade zone2.5. Export promotion programs3.Export Restrictions and Import Promotion Policies3.1. Export restrictions policies3.2. Import promotion policies4.Trade Sanctions4.1. Introduction to trade sanctions4.2. Effectiveness of trade sanctionsCHAPTER 8.ARGUMENTS AGAINST FREE TRADE1.Traditional Arguments against Free Trade1.1. Infant industry argument.1.2. Terms of trade argument1.3. Balance of trade argument1.4. Tariff to reduce aggregate unemployment argument1.5. Fair petition argument1.6. National security argument2.New Protectionism2.1. Tariff to extract foreign monopoly profit2.2. Export subsidy in duopoly3.The Political Economy of Trade Policy3.1. Median voter model3.2. Collective action theory.3.3. Contribution in political campaignsCHAPTER 9.REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATIONof Regional Economic Integration1.1. Preferential tariff arrangement1.2. Free trade area1.3. Customs union1.4. Common market.1.5. Economic union2.The Static and Dynamic Effects of Regional Economic Integration2.1. Static effects of regional economic integration2.2. Dynamic effects of regional economic integration3.Economic Integration in Europe, North America and Asia3.1. Economic integration in Europe……………………………………Chapter 10 International Cargo Transportation InsuranceChapter 11 International Trade PaymentChapter 12 Inspection,Claim,Force Majeure and ArbitrationChapter 13 Trade Negotiation and Formation of the ContractChapter 14 Implementation of the Contract丹尼斯·R·阿普尔亚德 & 小艾尔弗雷德·J·菲尔德 & 史蒂文·L·科布.国际贸易.中国人民大学出版社. 2012-7第1章国际经济学的世界第一部分古典贸易理论第2章早期的国际贸易理论：由重商主义向大卫·李嘉图的古典贸易理论的演进第3章大卫·李嘉图的古典贸易理论和比较优势第4章对古典贸易模型的扩充及验证第二部分新贸易理论第5章新古典贸易理论——基本分析工具的介绍第6章新古典贸易理论中的贸易利得第7章贸易提供曲线和贸易条件第8章贸易的基础：要素禀赋理论和赫克歇尔俄林模型第9章要素禀赋理论的实证分析第三部分贸易理论的扩展第10章后赫克歇尔俄林贸易理论与产业内贸易第11章经济增长与国际贸易第12章国际要素流动第四部分贸易政策第13章贸易政策工具第14章贸易政策的影响第15章对干涉主义贸易政策的争论第16章经济的政治因素与美国的对外贸易政策第17章经济一体化第18章国际贸易与发展中国家参考文献当我被上帝造出来时，上帝问我想在人间当一个怎样的人，我不假思索的说，我要做一个伟大的世人皆知的人。
进出口英文缩写
F/F 货运代理 Freight ForwarderFAF 燃料附加费 Fuel AdjustmentFactorFAK 各种货品 Freight All KindFAS 装运港船边交货 Free Alongside ShipFCA 货交承运人 Free CarrierFCL 整柜 Full Container LoadFeeder Vessel/Lighter 驳船航次FEU 40‘柜型 Forty-Foot Equivalent Unit 40’FMC 联邦海事委员会 Federal Maritime CommissionFOB 船上交货 Free On BoardGRI 全面涨价 General RateIncreaseH/C 代理费 Handling ChargeHBL 子提单 House B/LI/S 内销售 Inside SalesIA 各别调价 Independent ActionL/C 信用证 Letter of CreditLand Bridge 陆桥LCL 拼柜 Less Than Container LoadM/T 尺码吨（即货物收费以尺码计费） Measurement Ton MB/L 主提单 Master Bill Of LoadingMLB 小陆桥，自一港到另一港口 Minni Land Bridge Mother Vessel 主线船MTD 多式联运单据 Multimodal Transport DocumentN/F 通知人 NotifyNVOCC 无船承运人 Non Vessel OperatingCommon CarrierO/F 海运费 Ocean FreightOBL 海运提单 Ocean (or original )B/LOCP 货主自行安排运到内陆点 Overland Continental Point OP 操作 OperationORC 本地收货费用（广东省收取） Origen Recevie Charges P.P 预付 PrepaidPCS 港口拥挤附加费 Port Congestion SurchargePOD 目地港 Port Of DestinationPOL 装运港 Port Of LoadingPSS 旺季附加费 Peak Season SuchargesS/(Shpr) 发货人 ShipperS/C 售货合同 Sales ContractS/O 装货指示书 Shipping OrderS/R 卖价 Selling RateS/S Spread Sheet Spread SheetSC 服务合同 Service ContractSSL 船公司 Steam Ship LineT.O.C 码头操作费 Terminal Operations OptionT.R.C 码头收柜费 Terminal Receiving ChargeT/S 转船，转运 Trans-ShipT/T 航程 Transit TimeTEU 20‘柜型 Twenty-Foot Equivalent Unit 20’THC 码头操作费（香港收取) Terminal Handling ChargesTTL 总共 TotalTVC/ TVR 定期定量合同 Time Volume Contract/ RateVOCC 船公司 Vessel Operating Common CarrierW/M 即以重量吨或者尺码吨中从高收费 Weight or Measurement ton W/T 重量吨(即货物收费以重量计费) Weight TonYAS 码头附加费 Yard Surcharges。
（完整版）国际贸易实务英文版第三版知识点及模拟题
（完整版）国际贸易实务英⽂版第三版知识点及模拟题国际贸易实务(下划线为重点记忆和理解，⽆的为⼀般记忆和了解)Chapter one1.国际贸易概念：International trad e is also known as worl d trad e, foreign trad e,overseas trad e. It refers to the process of fair and d eliberate exchange of goods or services between two or more countries, involving the use of two or more currencies. Besid es, international trad e concerns trad e operations of both import and export and includ es the purchase and sale of both visibl e and invisibl e goods.2.（了解）1)Resource reasons (natural resource, human resource and technology)2)Economic reasons (economic benefits, comparative advantage andeconomies of scal e)3)Other reasons (political reasons, differences in tastes, preferences andconsumption patterns)3.国际贸易与国内贸易的不同：In particular, international trad e is more subject to:Language habits and cultural differences2)Foreign laws, customs and regulations or international rul es3)Exchange rate fluctuations and interest rate4)Higher l evel of political, financial and transportation risks5)More compl ex business procedures therefore managers need a broad errange of management skills4.1)从货物流向（direction of cargo fl ow）分: export trad e, import trad e and transit trad e(过境贸易)2)从参与的贸易⽅（the number of participants ）分：direct trad e, indirect trad e and entrepot trad e(转⼝贸易)转⼝贸易：entrepot trade refers to the transaction which involves importing goods for further processing or assembling and the re-exporting the goods abroad. 转⼝贸易⼜称中转贸易或再输出贸易，是指国际贸易中进出⼝货物的买卖，不是在⽣产国和消费国之间直接进⾏，⽽是通过第三国转⼿进⾏的贸易。
进出口海关英文术语 Customs insecption
act of smuggling 走私行为additional dues 附加费bills and securities in foreign currency外币票证cash deposit （现金）保证金collect 收税，收费collection of faxs and duties 征税duty-paying values 完税价格duty receipt 税款收据duty rate 税率examine cargo 验货examine passager's luggage 检查旅客行李excise 消费税，货物税conceal 藏匿customs rules 海关法规customs seals 海关铅封confiscate 没收contraband goods 违禁品customs statistics 海关统计customs tariff 海关税则customs uniform 海关制服import duty 进口税indemnify 赔偿inspection or search a ship 检查船舶或抄船late payment fee 滞纳金levy 征收make good 补交minimum tariff rate 最低税率duty-fee 免税的duty memo 税款缴纳证duty paid 已完税的habit-forming drug 能使人成瘾的麻醉药物impot specification list 进口明细单import license 进口许可证seize 没收shortpaid 短征tariff number 税则号码the foreign trade control policies 对外贸易管制政策the most favoured nation 最惠国treatment 处理待遇export license 出口许可证export specification list 出口明细单false declaration of the quantity of cargo 谎报货物数量from infected area 来自疫区general tariff rate 普通税率heroin 海洛因severe act of smuggling 严重走私行为drawback 退税destory 销毁detain 扣留dutiabel 应完税的dutiable artical 应税货物reckon 计算morphia 吗啡original decision 原始决定remit 补还restriced articales 限制货物minimum amount of colletion 最低征收额，起征点poisonous drugs 剧毒药品prohibited articale 禁运物品rare book 珍贵图书。
外贸货物进出口英文对照
外贸货物进出口英文对照外贸货物进出口英文对照air-drying resin 风干树脂air-drying varnish 风干清漆air-dusting machine 空气吹尘机air-entrained cement 加气水泥air-entraining agent 加气剂air-feed drill 气动给进钻机air-feed leg drill 气腿式钻机air-feed stopper 压风推进的伸缩式凿岩机air-filled toy 充气玩具air-filled type 充气轮胎air-filled waveguide 充气波导管air-flo green 偏砷酸酮air-flow control regulator 气流控制调节器air-flow drier 气流干燥机air-flow indicator 气流指示器air-flow meter 空气流量计air-flow sensor 空气流量传感器air-flow wattmeter 气流瓦特计air-foam rubber 泡沫橡胶air-foil blade 翼形叶片air-foil fan 高效风机air-foil flowmeter 翼式流量计air-gap torsion meter 气隙扭力计air-gap type holder 空隙式支持器air-gas proportioner 空气煤气配比调节器air-inlet hanged trough cell 充气挂槽浮选机air-jet interlaced yarn 气流喷射交缠丝air-jet label weaving machine 喷气标签织机air-jet loom 喷气织机air-jet spinning machine 喷气纺纱机air-jet textured yarn 喷气膨化变形丝air-jet weaving machine 喷气编织机air-jetting rice polisher 喷风碾米机air-laid nonwoven fabric 气流成网非织造布air-leg drill 气腿式钻机air-leg diamond drill 气腿式金刚石钻机air-leg rock drill 气腿式凿岩机air-lift agitator 气升式搅拌器air-lift cell 气升式浮选机air-lift drier 提升式气流干燥机air-lift mixer-settler 空气升液混合沉降器air-lift pump 风动抽水泵air-mail envelope 航空信封air-mail paper 航空邮件纸air-mail writing paper 航空信纸air-oil accumulator 空气-油液蓄压器air-oil actuator 空气-油液促动器air-operated controller 气动控制器air-operated detector 气动式探测器air-operated diaphragm valve 气动膜片阀air-operated drill 气动钻机air-operated humidity controller 气动湿度控制器air-operated lubricator 气动润滑器air-operated pressure control valve 气动式压力控制阀air-operated solenoid valve 气动电磁阀air-operated valve 气动阀。
2000年国际贸易术语解释通则
2000年《国际贸易术语解释通则》基本内容简表组别特征简称及含义（(英文全称)交货地点风险转移运输(运费、承运人)运输保险3运输方式海关清关手续E 组内陆交货EXW 工厂交货( Ex Work )卖方工厂交货时买方(买方) 各种运输进出口全由买方(进口方)办理F 组装运合同主要运费未付FCA 货交承运人(Free Carrier )交承运人2(买方指定)交货时买方(买方) 各种运输卖方办理出口，买方办理进口FAS 船边交货( Free Alongside Ship )指定装运港船边交货时买方(买方) 海运、内河(同上) FOB 船上交货1( Free on Board)指定装运港船上装运港船舷买方(买方) 海运、内河(同上)C 组装运合同主要运费已付CFR 成本加运费( Cost and Freight)装运港船上装运港船舷卖方(买方) 海运、内河(同上) CIF 成本保险费运费①(Cost Insurance andFreight)装运港船上装运港船舷卖方卖方海运、内河(同上) CPT 运费付至( Carriage Paid to )货交第一承运人交货卖方(买方) 各种运输(同上) CIP 运费保险费付至( Carriage and InsurancePaid to)货交第一承运人交货卖方卖方各种运输(同上)D 组到货合同DAF 边境交货(Delivered at Frontier)边境指定地点（不卸货）交货时卖方（(卖方)陆上运输(同上) DES 目的港船上交货( Delivered Ex Ship)目的港船上(不卸货)交货时卖方(卖方) 海运、内河(同上) DEQ 目的港码头交货( Delivered Ex Quay)目的港码头(货从船上卸到码头)交货时卖方(卖方) 海运、内河(同上) DDU 未完税交货( Delivered Duty Unpaid )指定目的地(不卸货)交货时卖方(卖方) 各种运输(同上)DDP 完税交货(Delivered Duty Paid) 指定目的地(不卸货)交货时卖方(卖方) 各种运输进出口全由卖方(出口方)办理1 FOB 地名（表示离岸价）和CIF 地名（表示到岸价），F 组、C 组其他术语同此。
国际贸易中英文术语
银行担保 banker's guarantee
跟单信用证赔偿单 document．ry credit letter of indemnity
信用证预先通知书 preadvice of a credit
价格／销售目录 price ／sales catalogue
参与方信息 party information
农产品加工厂证书 mill certificate
家产品加工厂证书 post receipt
邮政收据 post receipt
重量证书 weight certificate
保险赁证 insurance certificate
保险单 insurance policy
保险申报单(明细表) insurance declaration sheet (bordereau)
保险人发票 insurer's invoice
承保单 cover note
货运说明 forwarding instructions
许可贸易 license trade 商标、专利技术、专有技术以许可协议形式进行的贸易
期货贸易 forward trade 通过国际期货市场进行远期商品买卖
承包工程 contract project 承包国外工程技术项目或劳务项目的进出口设备和货物
国际招标 international bid 通过国际招标形式进行的一种进出口贸易
直接支付估价单 direct payment valuation
临时支付估价单 rpovisional payment valuation
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As a developing country's trade pattern, H-O Theory predicts that China will be a :
net importer of land-intensive agricultutal products; net importer of natural resources; net importer of skilled-labor-intensive manufactured products; net exporter of less-skilled-labor-intensive products
Question 2. How to make the most use of Factor Endowment to develop our country's trade? Can we reform or change the flexible factor endowment in order to persue the maximum benefit?
Firstly, since we have large population and labor as endowment, we can develop the education and upgrade the skill training to make less or medium skilled labor more educated. We can devote to developing the high technology and creativity. If we use new tech into production, the productivity would increase and the product cost will lower down, and the scarce resource can be used most efficiently or be substituted. Then the labor-intensive industry could solve its problem. That is to say, we change the labor intensive structure into technology, knowledge, and capital intensive structure. If the new structure becomes the new comparative advantage, our country may become a real trade power from trade leader.
Why?
The main part of these production processes that China does is assembling the products together, and the assembling processes use lower-skilled labor intensively. Thus, China is a net importer of the materials and components that go into those products and the production focuses on using its abundant less-skilled and medium-skilled workers to assemble the final products, and then export them.
Firstly, China's trade has been roughly balanced--the value of exports has roughly equaled the value of imports, even though both are growing rapidly.
In my opinion, in the previous period, China has made the most use of less-skilled labor to develop labor-intensive industry, and we take the absolutely advantages in the competition of the world. However, nowadays, it becomes a kind of trap to restrict the economic development of our country. With the labor cost increasing rapidly, a lot of companies have gone bankrupt. The export of less-skilled labor intensive products faces a big challenge. If we do not jump out of this trap instead of keep observing this endowment, we will lose a lot. China's economy will suffer.
1. Differences in relative factor endowments among nations underlie the basis for trade.
2. A nation will export the commodity in the production of which a relatively large amount of its abundant and cheap resource is used. 3. Conversely, it will import commodities in the production of which a relatively scarce and expensive resource is used.
The total amount was increasing
Increasing speed of imports and exports
Value of exports and imports
Take the 2009 as an example
China's international trade
Soybeans; Metal ores; Crude petroleum; Special industrial machinery; Electronic microcircuits; Scientific equipment
(USD 100 million)
Heckscher-Ohlin (H-O) Theory of Factor Endowment
The Total Impression on the Economic Condition of Our Country
Developing country 's trade pattern
ABUNDANT
SCARCE
Large population Less-skilled or Medium skilled labor Made in China Huge land
International Trade
China's Exports and Imports
M
1. Brief Analysis of China's Imports And Exports
2. Factor Endowment 3. Further Discussion: How to make the most use of Factor Endowment to develop international trade?
Secondly, much of its pattern of net exports and net imports of different products is just what Heckscher and Ohlin would predict.
Therefore, much of China's intenational trade is consistent with the HeckscherOhlin theory.
Trade
Export the labor intensive products
MateБайду номын сангаасials and high-skilled labor intensive product
Import
Further Discussion
Question 1.
How do you think of the comparative advantage of labor-intensive? Is it a strength or a trap?
. . .
Well educated and High skilled labor Arable land forestland physical capital
. . .
Difference in endowment Large population less-skilled or medium skilled
The most important export products
Textiles and relative articles; Computers; Audio equipment; Shoes and other footwear
The most important import products