中西方消费观文化差异
中美消费观差异的背景和意义
中美消费观差异的背景和意义摘要:一、引言二、中美消费观差异的背景1.文化差异2.经济发展水平3.社会环境三、中美消费观的具体差异1.消费习惯2.消费观念3.消费价值观四、中美消费观差异的意义1.个人财务规划2.国家经济发展3.全球经济一体化五、结论正文:一、引言中美作为世界上最大的经济体之一,其消费观的差异一直以来都备受关注。
消费观是人们在生活和消费中所形成的观念和态度,它不仅影响着个人的消费行为,也关系到国家经济的发展和社会的进步。
本文将分析中美消费观差异的背景和具体表现,并探讨这些差异的意义。
二、中美消费观差异的背景1.文化差异中美文化背景的差异是造成消费观不同的主要原因。
中国传统文化强调节俭、谦逊,注重家庭和集体利益;而美国文化则强调个人主义、自由和追求物质享受。
这些文化差异在消费观上得以体现。
2.经济发展水平经济发展水平是影响消费观的重要因素。
美国作为世界上最发达的国家之一,消费水平较高,人们更注重享受当下;而中国虽然近年来经济发展迅速,但人均收入水平仍有一定差距,因此人们在消费时会更加注重实用性和经济性。
3.社会环境社会环境对消费观的影响也不容忽视。
美国社会竞争激烈,人们为了提高生活品质,往往通过消费来展示自己的地位和实力;而中国社会则更注重家庭和亲情,消费观念相对较为保守。
三、中美消费观的具体差异1.消费习惯在中美两国的消费习惯上,中国人更注重节俭和储蓄,习惯于根据自己的收入水平进行消费;而美国人则更倾向于借贷消费,提前享受生活。
2.消费观念在消费观念上,中国人注重长远规划和家庭利益,消费行为往往受到家庭、子女教育和养老等因素的影响;而美国人的消费观念则以个人为中心,更关注当下的生活品质。
3.消费价值观在消费价值观方面,中国人重视面子和人际关系,消费时会考虑到他人的感受;而美国人的消费价值观则以个人喜好和需求为主,较少受到他人意见的影响。
四、中美消费观差异的意义1.个人财务规划中美消费观差异在个人财务规划方面具有重要意义。
议论文西方消费观念-中西方消费观念差异
议论文西方消费观念:中西方消费观念差异近年来,受以美国为代表的西方消费主义的生活方式的影响,我国居民不论收入水平的高低对收入越高,消费的商品越多。
接下来小编为你带来议论文西方消费观念,希望对你有帮助。
议论文西方消费观念篇1中国人崇尚勤俭持家,量入为出,习惯于存款消费。
而西方人尤其是美国人则主张超前消费,习惯于贷款去享受生活。
有这样一个故事,讲的是一个中国老太太和一个美国老太太在天堂相遇,谈起了各自在人间的一生。
美国老太太到银行贷款买房,住了30年,最后贷款也还清了,并享受了一辈子的快乐生活。
中国老太太在年轻时,他母亲去世了,为他留下了刚买的房子,让她享受了30年;最后,她也为自己的女儿留下了一套新房。
听完了这个故事,我们应该能够大概了解中美消费观念里体现的文化差异,以及与此相关的社会伦理和社会价值观念等方面的差异。
美国老太太贷款住上了新房,舒舒服服地生活了一辈子;中国老太太也有自己的新房住,也能享受人生,不过住的是她母亲的房子。
从这个故事中可以看出美国人是自己享受生活,自己管自己,认为儿孙自有儿孙福而中国人崇尚的前人载树,后人乘凉,非常关心自己下一代的幸福生活。
造成这种差异的原因是多方面的。
因为从古自今,美国人相信上帝,认为他会给每个人赐福,所以美国人崇尚公平,认为自己的事情自己去做,不要想有别人的帮助;而中国人尊住祖,认为是祖先给子孙赐福,是祖先在保佑着你,所以中国人崇尚伦理亲情。
中西消费观念的差异,取决于各自不同的伦理亲情于价值观念。
随着文化更加广泛、更加频繁、更加激烈、更加深入地接触与碰撞,中西方也会多向的、多层次的互动和吸纳对方的优秀文化,中国人在子女留下财富的同时,也会接受贷款消费,而美国人也会更加注重伦理亲情。
议论文西方消费观念篇2随着经济社会的不断发展,人们的生活水平提高了,消费能力自然上升,消费观念也在发生变化。
此时,为了促进国家和自身的共同发展,正确的消费观就起了重要作用。
首先,要有促进消费增长的意识,这是必须的。
在消费文化和习惯方面,中国与其他国家有何异同?
在消费文化和习惯方面,中国与其他国家有何异同?在全球化的今天,不同国家的消费文化和习惯已经越来越相似。
然而,中国与其他国家之间仍有一些显著的异同。
以下是几个值得关注的方面。
一、消费观念1.中国消费观念的变化随着中国经济的快速崛起,中国人的消费观念正在发生着巨大的变化。
以前的中国人主要注重“节俭”和“存钱”,而现在的中国人越来越愿意“花钱”和“享受生活”。
这种变化也反映在消费结构上,中国人开始更关注品牌、质量、服务和体验。
2.西方消费观念的影响经过多年的开放和交流,西方消费观念也对中国产生了一定的影响。
例如,西方人注重个性和独立,而中国人在购买时更考虑社会的影响和他人的看法。
这导致了一些奢侈品牌在中国更容易受到追捧。
二、消费习惯1.饮食文化的差异中国的饮食文化与其他国家存在很大差异。
中国人喜欢煮汤炖菜,并且饮食认为要讲究清淡,避免吃得过于油腻。
不同的区域和民族也有不同的食物和吃法。
相比之下,西方国家更喜欢烤肉、煎炸和沙拉等比较重口味的食物。
2.消费方式的区别中国人在购物时更注重面子和品牌,而西方人更注重实用性和性价比。
中国人喜欢团购、打折和礼品赠送等各种方式来节省开支,而西方人更经常使用信用卡和网络支付来完成消费。
三、消费基础1.消费群体的构成中国的消费者基础主要由城市居民和富裕阶层组成,而农村地区和低收入家庭的消费占比较低。
相比之下,西方国家的消费者基础更广泛,包括中产阶级、低收入阶层和老年人等不同的群体。
2.产品和服务的匮乏由于经济起步较晚并且资源分配不均,中国的某些地区和领域仍存在着消费品的短缺。
例如,在医疗、教育和文化服务等领域的资源分配不平衡,导致这些服务成为针对富裕人群的“奢侈品”。
总的来说,在消费文化和习惯方面,中国与其他国家之间存在着比较显著的差异。
这些差异反映了历史、文化、地理和经济等多种因素的影响。
随着全球化的进程不断推进,中国的消费观念和方式也将逐渐趋向多样化和国际化。
东西方消费观念的差异
东西方消费观念的差异
东西方消费观念的差异主要体现在以下几个方面:
1.价值取向:西方的消费观念注重个人价值和独立性,认为个人能
力和选择应该得到尊重和发挥,因此更注重个体的自由和独立性,强调自我实现和自我满足。
而东方的消费观念则更注重群体和社会价值,强调家庭、社会和国家的利益高于个人利益,注重维护社会和谐与稳定。
2.消费观念:西方消费观念通常鼓励人们追求时尚、品质和享受,
更注重商品的品牌、品质和价格,而不太关注商品的实用性和性价比。
而东方消费观念则更注重商品的实用性和性价比,更注重节约和储蓄,追求实惠和经济实惠。
3.消费方式:西方消费观念通常鼓励人们进行信用卡消费和贷款消
费,而东方消费观念则更注重现金消费和储蓄。
4.消费场所:西方消费观念通常鼓励人们去购物中心、专卖店等商
业场所购物,而东方消费观念则更喜欢在传统市场、百货公司等商业场所购物。
5.消费目的:西方消费观念通常鼓励人们进行休闲娱乐和个人享受
的消费,而东方消费观念则更注重家庭和社会生活的消费,如食品、住房等基本生活必需品的消费。
总之,东西方消费观念的差异主要体现在价值取向、消费观念、消费方式、消费场所和消费目的等方面。
了解这些差异有助于更好地理解
不同文化背景下的消费行为和消费心理。
中外消费观念差异[金融风暴中的文化探析之中西消费观念差异]
中外消费观念差异[金融风暴中的文化探析之中西消费观念差异]文化是一个国家的软实力,不管在任何国家的市场经济中,经济过程的生产、交换、分配和消费所有环节及活动,都是以人为主体,并受到人的文化理念和价值取向的支配。
因此文化元素或文化因子的渗透所形成的文化力量,既可能缓解市场经济的内在矛盾,也可能加深市场经济的内在矛盾。
由于人总是在文化的指导下行动,因此,文化从来都是在内在的深层领域对人的言行发挥着作用,它影响着人们的心理、思维方式、价值取向和行动。
金融危机的产生和发展是有其内在的文化因素从深层触发并推动的,在一系列文化因素中,消费文化给此次金融风暴所带来的影响是显而易见的。
这次由次贷问题,即房地产领域的超前消费所引发的“次贷”危机使得人们开始重新考虑中西方的主流消费观差异。
一、中西消费观念差异比较1.保守的消费观与开放的消费观。
保守的消费观是指在消费时思想守旧,跟不上形势的发展,力图维持原状,惯于保守性消费和“预后”性消费,以回避风险。
表现为崇尚节俭、量入为出,不愿意负债消费或超前消费;因循守旧,不肯轻易放弃传统的消费对象,对新产品持拒绝或消极的态度;有计划地购买商品;不愿承担任何风险,对价格极为敏感,对产品非常挑剔。
开放的消费观是相对于封闭观念而言的,指一种开拓型、现代化的消费观念,讲究消费效用,主张超前消费,积极尝试新的消费方式、消费场所,追逐新的消费品。
在保守与开放这个维度,中西主流消费观表现出截然不同的特征。
几千年来,中国社会一直处于半封闭的隔离状态,自给自足的农业经济和强烈的血缘宗族关系占据主导地位,因此在消费观念上表现出求稳和安于现状的保守消费观。
相反,西方文化自古就有开放的传统,总是把目光投向自身以外的世界。
古希腊时期的各个城邦都是以手工业和商业为中心的外向型经济,需要积极向外扩张征服,拓展原料产地和商品市场,也形成了敢于冒险和求新的开放的消费观念。
对于他们来说,新的才是进步的,进步的就是好的。
中西文化差异具体举例
中外文化差异_中西方文化差异举例中西方文化差异举例1、饮食西方人的早餐和晚餐更偏向于冷食,而中国人习惯一日三餐吃热食或者是熟食。
就像在喝水的选择上也是一样,西方人习惯喝加了冰块的凉水,而中国人更喜欢热水或者是凉白开。
2、天气西方人的心情会受到天气的影响,但是天气对于中国人的影响不大。
这一点,可能是个误区了。
恶劣的天气对于中国人心情也会造成一定的影响的,对于一些室外的工作也会造成麻烦。
3、生活西方的生活倾向于独立生活,而中国人自古就是集体生活。
4、老人日常生活西方人的老年生活是遛狗,有自己的空间。
而中国老人则是帮家里的儿女带孩子,抚养第三代,一生都奉献给了孩子们。
5、孩子中国家庭的日常生活工作都围绕着孩子展开,孩子是重心。
而西方家庭对于孩子放得没有那么重,在18岁后还会要求孩子一个人生活。
中国则是子嗣问题自古就是传统,不孝有三无后为大。
中西方文化差异比较1、饮食差异西方是一种理性饮食观念。
不论食物的色、香、味、形如何,而营养一定要得到保证,讲究一天要摄取多少热量、维生素、蛋白质等等。
即便口味千篇一律,也一定要吃下去——因为有营养。
2、观念差异西方人认为一个人只有完全脱离社会关系,真正做到“关注自我”,才能成为一个“真正意义上的人”。
而在中国的文化中,人之所以为人,必须成为社会关系中的一环。
儒家文化中定义:“仁者,人也。
”强调整体和综合。
3、服饰差异西方男士在正式社交场合通常穿保守式样的西装,内穿白衬衫,打领带。
他们喜欢黑色,因此一般穿黑色的皮鞋。
西方女士在正式场合要穿礼服套装。
另外女士外出有戴耳环的习俗。
西方国家,尤其是在美国,平时人们喜欢穿着休闲装,如T恤加牛仔服。
当今中国人穿着打扮日趋西化,传统的中山装、旗袍等已退出历史舞台。
正式场合男女着装已与西方并无二异。
在平时的市井生活中,倒会看到不少人穿着背心、短裤、拖鞋等不合礼仪的服饰。
4、语言差异象形文字强调视觉和闪点,拼音语言强调逻辑和哲学,所以中国文化注重的是写意和系统思维,而西方文化则更多注重抽象和数据。
从消费行为看中美文化差异
从消费行为看中美文化差异—文化与消费的关系文化与消费的关系个人的偏好组成了整个国家的文化认同与价值观,文化的认同与价值观很大程度上影响并决定着消费行为,与此同时从消费行为的不同我们也可以看到文化的差异。
从下面四个方面来探讨怎样从消费行为看中美文化差异:1、中国人与美国人的消费偏好2、从霍夫斯泰德四维度看中美文化3、中国人与美国人的文化与消费4、中国人与美国人消费文化差异综括首先我们来看一下中国人的消费偏好:中国人的消费主要有五大消费偏好,这些偏好与中国人的消费紧密联系。
第一、面子和关系的需求中国从古到今都是一个要面子讲关系的人情社会,中国人将送礼、维系体面和关系等视为基本需要。
第二、传统的“根文化”传统的“根文化”主要包括对教育、祭祖、仪式、节庆的重视和消费。
第三、好攀比炫耀显示在中国深远的要面子讲关系的文化中,攀比和炫耀显示身份就无疑成为中国人的典型消费特征。
第四、收入较低价格敏感中国经济处于发展中,大多数人收入较低,消费时对价格表现敏感。
第五、物质享受主义中国人注重吃穿住行等物质上的享受,对精神上的享受需求较少。
看完中国人的消费偏好后我们再来看下美国人的消费偏好:美国人的消费偏好主要表现在图上的六大点:第一、赶时髦、猎新奇美国人天性“喜新厌旧”,对旧和老都很忌讳,在消费上追求时髦和新奇。
第二、讲健康、求自然美国人生活水平高,故特别重视对健康的投资;同时美国人生活在一个机械化时代和人造物品的环境中,因而希望返璞归真、回归自然。
第三、追求个性、要高档美国人个性极强,并喜欢在消费生活中表现,并且收入较高,就决定了美国人追求个性要高档的消费特征。
第四、图方便、追求情趣美国是一个高度现代化国家,生活节奏快和忙碌,死板而缺乏情趣,因此消费时对方便和情趣追求要求比较大。
第五、借债消费、超前消费美国拥有完善的信用制度,美国人大部分都是通过借债还债方式进行消费的。
第六、季节性消费美国人消费具有很强的季节性,每个大型节日都是美国市场的销售旺季。
中西方消费观文化差异课件
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And in China, In our grandparents and parents of this generation, they will put the money in the bank. In their middle age, they will save money for their elderly. In western country, people dare to spend money. Because they have sound social security system. In past years, China is not rich, so we are in the habit now, we save money, we don’t spend all the money on entertainment.
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Otherwise, as chinese get wealthier than before, many people go abroad to buy luxury goods. In our generation, we can earn money to spend. We do some part-time job during undergraduate. Such as the waiter in KFC. Now most of us work as tutors during graduate. We spend more money than our parents. But in my opinion, frugality is a kind of good virtue. In a word, it is beneficial to carry rational consumption.
中美消费者行为差异研究
中美消费者行为差异研究在全球化的时代,中美两国消费者的行为与观念的差异已经引起了广泛的关注。
中美两国之间的消费文化差异主要表现在以下几个方面:1. 消费观念差异中美消费者的价值观念有很大区别,中国人普遍将储蓄视为一种美德,追求节俭和稳健,而在美国,人们更注重享受生活,而不是过分的储蓄。
因此,在消费选择上,中美两国有很大的不同。
例如,在中国,人们更愿意购买经济实惠的产品,而在美国,人们更注重品牌和质量。
2. 购买习惯差异中美两国消费者的购买习惯也有很大的不同。
在中国,人们通常喜欢砍价,购买便宜实惠的商品,而在美国,人们更喜欢购买高端产品,愿意支付更高的价格。
此外,中国人趋向于在团体中购买产品,而美国人喜欢自己去购物,享受独立的购物过程。
中美两国消费者的消费场景也有很大的不同。
在中国,人们更喜欢去商场和超市购物,这些场所通常拥有多个品牌和商家。
而在美国,消费者更喜欢在专卖店和精品店购物,这些店通常提供高端产品和配备一流的服务。
4. 关注度差异中美两国消费者关注的焦点也有所不同。
在中国,人们关注个人权益和权力,这主要体现在保障消费者权益和对房地产政策的关注上。
而在美国,人们关注的焦点更多是环保和人权等社会问题。
总而言之,中美消费者行为的差异主要表现在消费观念、购买习惯、消费场景和关注度方面。
消费者对于产品的选择和消费行为的倾向不同,决定了消费市场的特征和消费市场的规划,为消费产品的开发和销售提供了重要的指南和引导。
因此,企业必须了解中美消费者行为的差异,改变在消费市场上的策略,以满足消费者的需求。
国内外文化消费差异比较研究
国内外文化消费差异比较研究文化消费是指人们在日常生活中通过购买、参与、欣赏等方式来获取并体验不同文化产品和服务的行为。
不同国家和地区的文化消费具有一定的差异,这些差异既包括消费水平和消费品类的差异,也包括消费习惯和消费态度的差异。
本文将比较国内外文化消费的差异,并分析其原因。
一、消费水平与消费品类的差异国内外文化消费的一个明显差异是消费水平的不同。
据统计,我国居民的人均消费水平相对较低,因此在文化消费方面也相对较为节制。
与此相比,许多发达国家的消费者拥有更高的可支配收入,因此能够大量支出用于文化消费。
这使得他们能够更频繁地参观展览、剧院和音乐会,购买高质量的图书、音乐和电影等文化产品。
此外,国内外文化消费的品类也存在差异。
我国的文化消费主要集中在电影、音乐、图书等传统媒体产品上。
而在部分发达国家,随着科技的不断进步,人们的文化消费已经开始向数字化、在线和移动化方向发展。
他们更喜欢通过在线平台观看电影和连续剧,通过数字音乐平台听歌,并借助移动应用程序阅读书籍。
因此,国内外文化消费的品类差异也反映了不同国家和地区文化产业的发展水平。
二、消费习惯和消费态度的差异不同国家和地区的消费者在文化消费的习惯和态度上也存在很大差异。
在我国,一些消费者更注重实用性,他们更愿意购买与生活息息相关的文化产品,如家居摆件、健康保健品等。
而在许多西方国家,消费者更倾向于购买艺术品、收藏品等高雅的文化产品,他们更注重文化产品所具有的艺术和收藏价值。
此外,国内外消费者对于购买行为的动机也存在差异。
在我国,文化产品的购买行为往往受到社交因素的影响,例如一些人可能购买某本畅销书是为了能够与朋友们讨论。
而在某些国家,消费者更注重自我满足和个人享受,购买行为更多地是出于自身的兴趣和喜好。
三、原因分析国内外文化消费差异的形成是多方面因素综合作用的结果。
首先,经济发展水平的差异是重要原因之一。
许多西方国家经济相对发达,人们拥有更多的可支配收入,可以用于文化消费。
中美消费文化的差异之浅析
中美消费文化的差异之浅析第一篇:中美消费文化的差异之浅析中美消费方式对比消费模式不仅对一个国家的经济增长有重要的推动作用, 而且还对社会经济可持续发展具有深远影响。
本文通过中、美两种不同消费模式的比较,得出中国消费转型的目标不是美国长期奉行的过度消费模式, 而是要在现行的保守型消费与过度消费模式间寻求适合我国国情的消费模式, 即适度超前的消费模式。
一、中、美消费模式的比较(一)美国: 高消费.低储蓄的过度消费模式。
在美国, 经济由生产驱动向消费驱动转型已有100多年的历史, 超前消费、负债消费、低储蓄率是当前美国消费模式的主要特征。
1.居民消费支出占GDP比重居高不下。
美国属于典型的高收入.高消费.低储蓄国家。
在金融危机发生之前, 已发展成为透支消费、超前消费和炫耀性消费,个人消费成为推动美国经济增长的主要动力之一。
2.储蓄率一直低迷。
近年来美国的个人消费主要有两大特征: 一是负债消费, 二是超前消费。
近十几年来, 美国人均消费支出基本上接近人均可支配收入。
据美国商务部统计, 多年来个人储蓄率(当年储蓄额占个人可支配收入的比例)一直很低, 19 世纪40~ 80 年代初后呈现明显的阶段性下降特征。
1997~ 2008 年, 美国依靠发达的金融创新和宽松的监管体系, 以资产为基础的储蓄代替了传统的收入型储蓄。
储蓄模式的调整, 一方面支撑了美国狂热的消费, 把储蓄率推低至零点甚至是负值;另一方面, 美国消费者也为此背负了创纪录的债务。
目前美国的家庭债务已经超过15万亿美元。
美国消费者人均拥有6张信用卡, 2008年10月底平均每个家庭欠银行1.2万美元, 美国人贷款购房、买车、读书、旅游、健身等, 形成了一个巨大的消费信贷市场。
3.负债消费模式已难以为继。
长期以来,上至美国政府, 下至企业和消费者, 都以不同的借贷方式度日。
美国政府主要通过财政赤字, 消费者主要靠借债来支撑消费。
本次国际金融危机导致发达经济体特别是美国的消费者即期收入减少, 资产大幅缩水。
在中国和另一个国家之间,消费文化和消费观念的不同体现是什么?
在中国和另一个国家之间,消费文化和消费观念的不同体现是什么?消费文化和消费观念是随着时间和地域不同而产生差别的。
在中国和其他国家之间,消费文化和消费观念的不同体现包括以下几个方面。
一、消费习惯的不同在中国,购买礼物是人们表示关爱和尊重的一种方式。
中国人普遍认为礼物应该贵得体面,而不是卖得便宜但失去了精致感。
相比之下,在西方国家,礼物通常是观赏性较强的实用品或纪念品,例如餐具、水晶杯或照片相册等。
此外,中国人在购买商品时通常喜欢砍价,认为商品价值应该在购买者和卖家之间进行讨价还价,以获得最优惠的价格。
而在许多西方国家,价格是按照商品标价交易,很少有砍价的习惯。
二、消费信用的认识差异在西方国家,人们常常使用信用卡购物,习惯于“先消费,后付款”的购买方式。
这种习惯不仅给人们带来方便,而且提高了金融行业的生产效率。
但在中国,消费信用缺乏相应的认识和预防措施,导致比较严重的透支、欠债和不良信用记录。
这让银行和金融机构面临巨大的风险和挑战,而且也会影响人们的消费文化的积极发展。
三、消费价值观的不同中国和西方国家的消费观念在很大程度上受到文化和教育背景的影响。
在过去的几十年里,中国的经济飞速发展,使得许多人过上了比以前更富足的生活,但也出现了一些消费无度、奢侈浪费的现象。
相反,西方国家的消费价值观更加注重实用性、环保性和社会责任。
这表现在各种各样的消费行为领域,例如绿色消费、公益捐赠和少量多次的购买模式等。
四、消费媒介的不同随着科技的发展,消费媒介和渠道也在不断变化。
在西方国家,经常使用在线购物、社交媒体和移动支付服务等高科技方式来方便快捷地完成购物消费。
而在中国,手机支付和电商购物已经成为一种极为流行的消费方式。
此外,随着互联网的发展,越来越多的消费者开始使用社交媒体来查看产品评价和推荐,以更加科学和理性地完成购买决策。
总体而言,中国和其他国家之间的消费文化和消费观念峰回路转,有诸多的不同和相似之处,但总体趋势是向着更加高效、实用、绿色和负责任的方向发展。
中西文化差异 消费
中西文化差异——消费差异由于美国的次贷危机引发的金融危机,中西方消费观的差异再次被搬上了人们的前面,西方的超前消费和中国的保守消费展开了新一轮的“较量”。
大家应该都听说过这样一个老生常谈的故事了吧!其中讲的是中美两国人在消费观念上的不同。
在天堂相遇的一个中国老太太和一个美国老太太,谈起了在人间的一生。
美国老太太说:“我辛苦了三十年,终于把住房贷款都还清了。
”中国老太太说:“我辛苦了三十年,终于攒够了买房的钱。
”美国老太太在自己买的房子里住了三十年,后半生都在还款;而中国老太太后半生一直在存款攒钱,刚攒够了买房的钱,却去了天堂,无福享受自己买的新房。
由此明显看出,美国人早已习惯贷款消费,而中国人大多喜欢存款消费。
在美国,贷款消费无处不在。
超前消费顾名思义就是拿你将来可能挣到的钱用来今天消费。
最典型、最普遍的超前消费形式就是银行贷款消费。
美国人的超前消费行为是出了名的,到银行贷款就像是到邮局发封平信一样,是家常便饭。
买房子贷款、上大学贷款、买汽车贷款、买台电脑贷款、甚至有人买台微波炉、买部电话都要贷款。
超前消费的另外一种形式就是信用卡消费,有人就是想利用银行信用卡的30天免还期透支消费,然后用新贷还旧贷,结果背上一身卡债。
在一定程度上,贷款超前消费确实有其好处,一方面消费者在一下子拿不出那么多钱的情况下可以通过贷款提前享受自己所期望的生活;另一方面,它又可以刺激消费,从而刺激经济增长。
在经济繁荣时期,这固然是好的,然而在经济萧条时期,尤其是在金融危机时期,次贷危机在众多消费者毫无准备的情况下一下子铺天盖地而来,其严重的负面后果就显现出来。
中国接受的思想是儒家的勤俭之道。
“谁知盘中餐,粒粒皆辛苦”,已经成为了老幼皆知,共同认可的理念,一茶一饭,当思来之不易的古训深入人心。
大家在消费上量入为出,不会为了某一项消费而倾囊,特别是不是生活必须的消费,如果是住房当然另当别论。
在中国人眼里,这即是固定资产投资,也是收益性投资,尤其是在现在。
中西消费观念研究差异与概念辨析
中西消费观念研究差异与概念辨析西方消费观念和中国消费观念各有不同,两者有明显的差异。
中国消费观念是以书院文化和传统文化为基础的,强调依赖劳动,购物消费主要是实物质量方面的考虑,多以实惠和实用为本,重视具有实际功能的物品。
此外,中国也有看重投资实惠、可持续消费的观念。
西方消费观念来源于政治、宗教等文化,重视消费内涵和审美价值,购买者重视物品的外观、品质和娱乐性,崇尚尊贵和精致的消费。
此外,西方也有看重快乐消费的观念。
从影响消费行为的本质来看,两者都是在寻求快乐和满足感,但中国的消费主要是获取有用物质所带来的实实在在的结果,而西方更多侧重快乐和审美价值,崇尚高品质、贵气的消费者。
综上所述,西方消费观念和中国消费观念有很大的差异,一方重实实在在的物质,一方强调投入满足感和审美价值。
因此,我们应根据自己的具体情况和实际需要,依据审慎消费原则,理性消费,有效利用资源,当好社会责任消费者。
对比中国和其他国家,中国的消费文化有何特点?
对比中国和其他国家,中国的消费文化有何特点?消费文化是人类社会发展的必然产物,是人类物质文明和精神文明建设的重要内容。
在不同的国家和地区,消费文化呈现出各自独特的特点和风貌。
下面,我们将对比中国和其他国家,探讨中国的消费文化有何特点。
一、消费习惯不同中国消费文化的一个显著特点是消费习惯的独特性。
相较于西方国家,中国的消费文化更加注重家庭团聚、社交活动和人情味。
在中国,人们更喜欢在家中聚餐,互相邀请吃饭,给亲朋好友送礼。
这也反映出中国的消费习惯更加传统和文化色彩浓郁。
而在西方国家,消费习惯更加注重个人的自我价值体现和个性化需求,更注重消费的体验和娱乐性。
二、品牌意识不同中国消费者对品牌的重视程度与其他国家的消费者也有所不同。
中国消费者更加关注品牌的品质和服务,更倾向于选择知名品牌。
而在一些欧美国家,消费者更加注重价值和性价比,对于品牌的忠诚度比较低。
这反映出中国消费市场的发展还处于品牌认知阶段,而一些西方国家已经形成了成熟的消费市场。
三、消费心理不同消费心理是消费文化的重要组成部分。
中国消费者相较于其他国家的消费者,更加注重节俭和实用。
这与中国封建社会历史文化和现代国家的发展道路有关。
而在一些欧美国家,消费者注重享乐和体验,更倾向于花费更多的钱去满足自己的需求。
这也反映出中国的消费者对于消费的认识和态度还需要加深与完善。
综上所述,中国的消费文化具有独特性和多样性,我们需要深入研究和理解,适应和引导消费市场的发展。
同时,我们也需要注意消费文化与精神文明的关系,推动形成文明、节俭、健康的消费文化,促进中国经济社会可持续发展。
美国和中国的消费文化有何异同?
美国和中国的消费文化有何异同?消费文化作为一个国家的文化之一,深刻地影响着人们的生活方式和消费习惯。
美国和中国作为世界上两个最大的消费市场,其消费文化方面的差异引人关注。
本文将从以下几个方面介绍美国和中国的消费文化异同点:一、价值观的差异1. 价值观差异美国和中国的价值观存在较大差异,这体现了两种文化中对消费观念的不同理解。
美国文化中的消费市场被视为经济增长的引擎,而中国则更注重消费行为的道德约束。
美国人普遍认为,通过购买物品来展示个人实力和身份地位是一种正常的消费习惯。
而中国文化强调“节俭为上”,认为消费应该谨慎,不可过分奢侈。
2. 品牌文化品牌文化在美国和中国的消费市场中体现出不同的地位。
美国消费者往往情愿花费较高的价钱购买来自知名品牌的商品,这反映了美国的消费文化追求的是个性化的文化消费体验。
而中国消费市场中则以“性价比”为准则,相对注重性价比更高的商品。
二、消费模式的不同1. 线上销售随着互联网技术的发展,线上销售成为了全球消费市场的重要形式。
对于美国和中国两个消费大国,线上购物渠道的发展也不尽相同。
在美国,电商巨头亚马逊和沃尔玛等零售商占据了主要的线上销售市场。
而在中国,电商平台阿里巴巴旗下淘宝和天猫则成为了重要线上销售渠道。
2. 服务业消费这方面,则体现了两国经济质量不同的差异。
在美国,服务业占据了主导地位,大多消费者更愿意为高质量的服务买单。
而在中国,由于经济产业结构还尚未完全转型,以服务业为主导的消费市场基础不够稳定。
三、消费行为的差异1. 消费场景的区别美国和中国消费场景的差异,从某种程度上反映了两国不同的生活方式和消费倾向。
在美国,消费市场主要集中在购物中心等线下销售场景中,开车到店铺购物是一种常见的消费行为。
而在中国,购物中心与电影院、餐厅等多种消费场景集成为复合式消费中心,强调的是全场地复合式消费体验。
2. 社交消费与个人消费的差异在美国,社交消费比较普遍,由于强调个性化体验,所以社交性消费也更注重于社交场景的体验感。
比较中国与西方消费文化的差异以及进一步探究
比较中国与西方消费文化的差异以及进一步探究中国与西方消费文化的差异以及进一步探究随着经济全球化的深入发展,世界各国的消费文化差异日趋明显,尤其在中国这样的发展中国家和西方发达国家之间,这种差异更加明显。
本文将从文化差异、消费观念、消费行为等方面进一步探究中国与西方消费文化的差异。
一、文化差异中国和西方国家之间的文化差异是首要问题之一。
中国的文化融合了马克思主义、列宁主义、毛泽东思想等,基于这些思想,中国的消费文化特色鲜明,如:对传统文化的尊重、面子文化和点头之交、礼仪文化和礼品文化、银饰文化、红色文化等等。
西方国家多以人文思想为核心,注重个性和自由的维护,在消费文化方面,这一点表现得尤为明显,如西方人在购物时注重品质、品牌和美好感受等。
二、消费观念中国消费观念的主要特点是“越便宜越好”,在消费时以省钱、实惠为主要目的。
而西方则更加注重品质和个性化消费,为了满足自己的物质生活和心理需求,在购买商品时会选择高品质的产品和服务。
三、消费行为在消费行为方面,中国和西方国家之间也存在着很大的差异。
中国的消费行为主要集中在节假日或者时间有限的情况下,而西方则更多地注重平日生活的品质,日常消费更加规律、有条不紊。
此外,西方的消费行为更加注重自主选择和个性化消费,更加强调个人的质量和享受,而中国更多地居于群体消费状态。
此外,西方国家对不同年龄层次的消费者需求也有不同的诉求。
总的来说,中国虽然逐渐意识到了消费文化在现代化进程中的重要性,但相对于西方国家仍有一定距离。
需要加强对消费品质、品牌的认知,让国人在理性消费的同时体验到更优质的商品和服务。
而西方国家也可以学习中国的面子文化、礼仪文化和红色文化等传统文化,借鉴其传承文化和传统文化的方法,以更好的利用传统文化推动时代进步的发展。
总之,消费文化是中国和西方国家都需要着重发展的领域,通过加强文化交流和合作,借鉴优秀的经验和成果,不断提升我们的消费素质和消费能力,推动当前全球消费文化的进一步发展。
从文化层面分析中美消费观念的差异
从文化层面分析中美消费观念的差异摘 要中美社会历史背景、价值观念、道德观念、以及家庭教育背景的差异,引起了两国人们消费观念的不同。
论文从文化的角度,主要论述了中美两国人们在存钱、旅游、以及追求新潮时尚等方面消费观念的差异。
论文重点研究了文化与消费观念的关系,以及文化对消费观念的影响,使人们进一步认识到不同文化背景蕴含不同的消费观念,并能正确、理性地看待本国文化与本国人们的消费观念,打破对其他国家人们不同消费观念持有的偏见,理解、尊重并借鉴不同文化背景下人们的消费观念。
关键词:中美文化;文化差异;消费观念差异On the Differences of Chinese and American ConsumptionConceptions from the Perspective of CultureABSTRACTOwing to the geography differences, society development differences, cultural valunations’ differences, ethic differences, family education differences, Chinese and Americanconsumption conceptions differ from each other in three aspects: difference in depositconception, difference in traveling consuming, a nd difference in catching fashion. Thisstudy mainly elaborates on the relationship between culture and consumption, emphasizin’ influence on consumption conception from the perspective of culture. The aim the culturesmaking people view their own culture andof this thesis includes three a spects: firstly,secondly, breaking p eople’sprejudice consumption conception correctly and rationally;making people understand, andtowards other n ation’s consumption conception; finally,consumption conception under different cultures.respect people’sKey words:Chinese-American culture; culture d ifference; consumption conceptiondifferenceCONTENTS1 Introduction (1)2 Chinese and American Culture Differences (3)2.1 Geography differences (3) (4)2.2 Society development differences... . (4)2.3 Cultural value differences2.4 Ethics d ifferences (5)2.5 Family education d ifferences (6)3 Chinese and American Consumption Conception Differences (7)3.1 Difference in depositing conception (7)3.2 Difference in traveling consuming (8)3.3 Difference in catching f ashion (8) (10)4 Influences of Different Cultures on Consumption Conceptions.4.1 Influence of geography on consumption c onception (10) (11)4.2 Influence of society development on consumption conception4.2 Influence of value on consumption conception (11) (13)4.3 Influence of traditional family education on consumption conception Conclusion (15)References (16)Introductionvalues, behaviors, institutionsand “Culture i s the total accumulation o f beliefs,communication patterns that are shared, learned and passed down through the generation group of people.”(Che Lijun, 2008:3) I t i s a well-known fact that p eoplein identifiableacross nations and countries have different cultures, which influence human life in var aspects. Besides, consumption conception is one of the deepest aspects being influence Owing to the different cultures of China and America, their society and history differeand family education d ifferences,thecultural value differences,ethics d ifferences,consumption concept of Chinese and American is also different in three aspects: depositi conception aspect, traveling consuming aspect, catching fashion aspect.Until n ow, many Chinese and foreign scholars, such as Zhu Chen (1996), C henQinde(2005) , Miao Qing(2005) , Hao Peiyan(2007) , Yang Guangqiong (2008) have ever done researches o n Chinese- American culture d ifferences and Chinese-AmericanBut each of them approaches i t i n his own wayconsumption conception differences .without keeping abreast of what others are doing on the study of culture and consumpti concept. The former studies, which haven't combined culture differences with consumption may cause some misunderstanding which can't m ake peopleconception d ifferences,achieve a better understanding of the relationshipbetween culture and consumption conceptions. Based on the researches of the previous experts and scholars, this paper make a systematic study on the differences of Chinese-American consumption conceptions from cultural respect. This paper has five parts:The first part is an introduction. It shows readers the relationship between cultur consumption conception. The second part mainly analyses C hinese-American c ulturedifferences from geography, s ociety development, v alue, e thics and family educationaspects. The third p art will talk about Chinese-American consumption conceptiondifferences from three aspects. The fourth part concerns with different culture's influas a conclusion. It d raws a conclusionon consumption conception. Thefinal part servesthat t he nature o f consumption is culture. Only having a good knowledge of culture differences can we evaluate people's consumption conception correctly.2 Chinese and American Culture Differencessociety, including ideas, “Culture u sually means the unique life form in a particularemotion, and behavioral faith, which are different from those of other recognition,society.”(Che Lijun, 2008:2) In our daily life, culture is ubiquitous, multidimensional, all-pervasive, as we have it almost anywhere and anytime. It is understood differently people throughout the world .Americans believe that culture is a fast-moving train, whthebetter you adjust toclosely connected withwhat is g oing on for the time being .TheChinese people believe thatpresent world, t he more you understand c ulture .However,culture is closely related to the past .The more you know about Confucianism or the pa the more cultured you are consider to be. To the outside observers, Americans may seemChinese, thelike a nation of amnesiacs; they care more about the next big invention. Topast is always something to be memorized. They are always proud of the four greatinventions they made in ancient times. Therefore, the culture differencesbetween Chinaand America are various, which may be reflected from the following aspects:2.1 Geography differencesChina and America have different geography conditions. America has a vast territory and most territory physiognomy is low and flat. It lies in the temperate zone where the enough rain. I t supplies good resource c ondition for the development of Americanagriculture and has no limit to its development. It also has abundant water resource, w supplies reliable security for the development of American industry and resident usage. mineral a nd energetic sources a re also v ery rich, such as iron, copper, lead, zinc, mine,closedand the relativelypetroleum a nd natural gas etc. F or China, remote location,Geographic e nvironmental conditions in Chinaenvironment a re the significantfeatures.just like this: in the West and the North, there are plateau, mountains and desert, wh the East and the South, there is sea. All of these are barriers for Chinese.2.2 Society development differencesWe all k now that A merica is a n immigration country, where people h ave adventurespirit. Its history is very short, for about 300 years .For this, we would have to tur historical development of the United States. Its origins can be traced back to the 177 1776, the US gained independence from the British rule. After 200 years of development the United States has developed far beyond its previous in the aspects of economy, poliof the Soviet U nion, the United States hasand military power. After t he disintegrationbecome the sole s uperpower i n the world. A merican is a lso t he first modern democracy’s economy is full of vigor, which country in the world. With prosperous industry, Americaexcludes the natural economy prematurely and breaks the self-sufficient pattern.However, China, as a feudal society with closed natural economy, has developed forIts self-sufficient producing style forces most Chinese to spend about thousands of years.all their life on farming. Once someone lost his ability of self-development or even lo land, his family cannot survive.2.3 Cultural value differencesmodesty, advocate In china, w e pay much attention to a person’s reputation,selfless-service and encourage people to make up for their defect and suffering by adjustheconcepts played a dominant role intheir innermind. In Chinese h istory, Confuciusformation o f social ideology. Confucianism believes that o ne should immerse into t hewhole society to exist. And one cannot realize his own value of existence if he does’s strong emphasis on the group, cooperation immerse and become part of the society .Chinaup their group-orienteddevelopment, has builtthe process of socialand coordination, invalue. As a basic value system, Confucianism has permeated all Asia for centuries .It philosophy of humanity which survives on the basis o f good interpersonalrelationship.one of its p rinciplesand the core of Confucianism, means the“REN” (benevolence),daily l ife, it h as intimate connection with mutualpassion .Inharmony of interpersonal’s shoes, take care ofbenefit which indicates that one must have the ability to think in otheris part“YI” (righteousness) whichothers, and give sympathy to others. Another principle isof human nature b rings p eople b ack to “the good nature o f humankind at beginning o fbirth”. It can make person see through problems and integrate with others by transcendin the present interest and breaking through personal limitations. According to Confuciani this kind of social relationship based on common interest, is very important and conduc to group coordination and harmonious interpersonal relation .So, in China, because ofcollectivism hasgained a goodcoordination,high emphasis on group conceptand socialand long –standing reputation.The unique However, Americans focus on materials, and stress individualism.experience o f American history h as determined the formation of their c oncept of individualism, the basis of American ideology. In order to escape the religious persecucolony on the Americanset u p their owngroup of settlersfrom central Europe, the firstcontinent .And this special historic experience of emphasizing on dependence has given profound influence on American cultural value .InAmerica, e ach person i s v iewed asThe striving for self –realizationishaving a unique set of talents and potentials.accompanied by a subjective sense of rightness and personal well-being. Individualism al encourages p eople to express their o wn opinions a nd to make their o wn decisions independent of external influences.2.4 Ethics differencesChinese family moral education takes human relations as a foundation and emotions as principal to process family interpersonal relationship. Chinese family ethics are bas and they take emotion for the law to deal with family r elationships.human relations,Chinese ties to each other with blood as basic coordinates. In dealing with family rela the Chinese people’s genetic-based sentiments led to unusual attention. However, Chinesea "reason" for the love, “A kind father and a filial son, a tend people have never followedbrother and a respecting brother, a gentle husband and a tender wife”(父慈子孝,兄爱弟敬,夫和妻柔) (Weienyase,2000:127))standard has enabled the Chinese to follow. Chinese families used to cultivate good habits and establish relationships of caring other peotrains personality of each family member and at last units a family as a whole.However, American family moral education t akes i ndividual as the center. In anAmerican family, individual is the foundation and has the highest value, whose existenfor them, butof sacrificesdoes not rely on other people. The family maymake all sortsdoes not request m uch obeying. T he independent i ndividual can enjoy freedom andequality in the family. The American parents foster and educate their children, but do attempt any repayment. C hildren, after 18 years o ld, l eave h ome to rent a room to livealone, to study or to work, and nobody can accuse the parents of their being unreasonab Clearly, the common Chinese family stress and believe that, "good relationship is the m important"(和为贵).(Weienyase, 2000:9) American family stresses personality,and hasstrong rational idea.2.5 Family education differencesChinese family e ducation takes "the b enevolence of the Confucianism”as the core;the basic of benevolence is loving people. This enormously affirmed and transferred fami member's intrinsic noble motive. In China, the corresponding relation of rights and du are not important in China morality. When we fulfill our obligation, we make other peop enjoy the rights. This is a basic faith of Chinese family.Americans take fair as the moral principle; everything is according with fair. AndAmerican believes the fair is i n opposition to and ineven indifferent.is r ational,“fair"agreement with the duty and the right. American is clear about the relation of the righ the duty. They work to get the reward, which also includes love. If they ask other peopl help they also have to pay some reward. For example, they have paid for using relativ telephone, and the children demand the reward if t hey help their parents to wash car.American views that duty and right is not inconsistent with their intrinsic love. To p’s fair principle.the coexistence of the right and the duty is the American family3 Chinese and American Consumption Conception DifferencesConsumption conception means people’s ideology and attitude towards theirpursuit of the goods value. I t also refers to adisposable income, including people’swhich makes people evaluate a nd value their a ction t owardsconsumption activity,consumption manner, consumption process, and consumption trend. The process of shapingOwing to theconsumption conception i s closely related to the level o f productivity.’ consumption conceptions are different. The different level of productivity, the two nationscharacteristics of Chinese consumption conceptions are conservative, with high saving raThe mainOn the contrary, to most Americans, they tend to consume excessively.differences are as following:3.1 Difference in depositing conceptionagriculturalperiodcountry, without t raditionalAmerica is an emerging industrial(while China is a large agricultural country), and therefore they do not have the conce of depositing money. Americans have courage to active advance.However, China, as a feudal society with closed natural economy, has developed for about thousands y ears. Chinese people from the very young has been instilledsuch aconception– to keep up. Since ancient t imes, C hinese society is also to appraise theone word that ision to money. To sum it up ineconomy, which is manyAsians’ concept"deposit." There is an old story that can best prove this phenomenon: it is about a Ch old woman and an American old woman. When they were dying, the Chinese old woman said, “It took me 60 years to save enough money to buy a big house”, and the Western. (王埃亮,2000) We canwoman said, “It took me 60 years to pay for the debt of my house”see from the story that Chinese people traditionally think that they buy what they can af and don’t want to be on a debt. However, Western people think t hat they would like toIn myenjoy their lives even by loaning m oney from bank or making an installment.while, we shouldenjoy the life more comfortablea good idea for people toopinion, it’salso realize that the real happy life is contributed to the hard work by our own hand 3.2 Difference in traveling consumingAmerica is an immigrant nation. The development of the western region m akesconstant flow become a living. Therefore, American have no conception of the ancientprecept "it is good to stay home for a thousand days ,and it is difficult to go out ev moment(在家千日好,出外一时难)". With the development of family vehicle and highway,industry and technology, travel becomes very simple. Soas well as other i nfrastructuretourism h as become a major industry in America. H owever, Chinese advocate e conomy.They don’t think it very important to conduct cultural entertainment expense and servi expense. In their point o f view, travelingexpense is a lso t he service expense, which is expense, and it b elongs t o high income people. They also b elieve that, tourismspiritual’s basic life needs are satisfied; and at present, travelin expense is the expense after peopleis a kind of basic a ccumulation expense, but it i s n ot a kind of regular expense. Peopleaboard is l uxurious expense. To borrowtravelingthink t he travelingexpends, e speciallyfor most people in China is an incrediblething. In the eyes of mostmoney to travel,ordinary people, tourism consumption is not necessary in their lives.3.3 Difference in catching fashionIn America, Only the American likes to catch n ew things in order t o be different.to be put on for above 3 years, the leisure clotheswork- clothes have the possibilitygenerally only are put on for 1 - 2 years. Moreover per capita has various seasons clot above 10 sets. Their c lothing is m assively from Chinese and all developing nations, theprice of which is extremely cheap.In the durable consumable aspect, the renewal speed is very quick. According to Su the proportion of people having the cell p hones is very high,Bangzhu’s investigation,80% adults have cell50 - 70% middle-school students,students,nearly 100% universityphones, and after just one year they will get a new one. For automobile and other domeswork. Therefore, in American life products, they don’t use them until they can’telectricair c onditioner, television, andsuch as refrigerator,can see all kinds of things,trash, wewasher and so on.In the 80's, American pursued luxuriously. The majority of Americans have only theput on clothes,which are thesome young people; they didn’tbrand in mind, especiallynon- name brand. But in the 90's, American gradually has been faint in expense idea cal brand consciousness, and the price consciousness is in the upper hand. However, Chines are just o n the opposite. Chinese consumers’expense behavior has two extremelyOne is a dmiring f ashion, displaying the new conception andremarkable c haracteristics:low; the other is worshiping theloyalty isthe original productnew product craving, butpsychology of foreign countries, favoring the purchase of international brand.4 Influences of Different Cultures on Consumption ConceptionIn sections two and three, we have explained in the different culture and consumpti conceptions between China and America. So in this part we will mainly focus on how the culture influences the consumption conception.4.1 Influence of geography on consumption conceptionAmerica is an advanced agricultural country, which owns vast, low and flat territoThese sources are taking great abundant water resource, and mineral and energetic sources.grade in the world. Variety and rich resources also supply great foundation to the Ameri industry and great p roduction for consumption .Therefore;they don’t have the idea ofdepositingbringsclosed e nvironment,it i nevitably However, China, because of its r elativelyclosure p sychological and cultural anthropology. In China, the psychological and thedevelopment do not play the important roles, which also r elated to themarine culturalHuang - Huai basin, whose natural conditions is good for farming, so the people began get active and formed a deep attachment to the land. Chinese people are lack of suffic interest in the sea. Operations at sea are not only difficult but also dangerous, far We assume that, in the low standard of living condition,the need ofthan agriculture.security should be quite strong. Since people have land for farming, so why do they sand calmdanger? W hat’s more, the farming l ife also h elps f armers l ike s imple l ifestylerhythm of life, and the sea-based trade will be disturbed and fast rhythm. China's na conditions, climate, topography, and other aspects are not good for agricultural produc but in general far more favorable than negative. GivenChina’s own conditions, agriculture"food is the mostis the best choice. Chinese people have a deep sense of food .They think(靠天吃饭)(李important thing of people’s life”(民以食为天)" and "relying on the nature"肖,2002) derived from the experience of agricultural life. Chinese food culture is ful life, which is a factor of fundamental aspect of people's life. This factor is constraiarranged by the “nature”(天). Therefore, the farmers had to take into account the instableclimate and mutations factors. The surplus grain will be stored up for the rainy day, anChinese community has always been a form of self-sufficiency. Therefore, Chinese peoplefrom the very young have been instilled to keep up such a conception. Since ancient timconcept ion ofChinese society is also t o appraise the economy, which is many Asians’money. To sum it up in one word that is "deposit."4.2 Influence of society development on consumption conceptionWe all know that America’s neoteric economy is full o f vigor. I t breaks theextending a re allpattern. Exploiting the world market and increasinglyself-sufficientBesides, America is an emerging industrialimpacting t he nation g uard and limitation.country, without traditional agricultural period (while China is a large agricultural coOwing to these reasons, Americans do not have the conception of depositing money. Theyhave the courage to advance. However, Chinese value agriculture more than industry andcommerce. In China, t wo thirds of its population remains m aking a living on land. OldChina is a feudal society with closed natural economy which has developed for thousand–sufficient producing style forces most Chinese to spend all their lives of years. Its selffarming. Once someone lost his ability of self-development or even lost his land, his facannot survive. Owing to the difference of the society development, Chinese and America’t care much about depositing, while consumption conceptions are different. Americans donChinese value it very much.4.3 Influence of value on consumption conceptionmodesty, paying much attention to thereputation,Chinese highlight a person’sspiritual consumption. They advocate selfless-service and encourage people to make up ftheir defect and suffering by adjusting their inner mind. For this, we could trace backorigin of the traditional Chinese values. Confucianism as the mainstream of Chinese culalong with Taoism and Buddhism, has establishedthe framework of Chinese traditional“Benevolence” is the core, andculture and has built the mentality of the Chinese people.ethics is the standard. Adopted and reinforced by kings and governors s ince t he HanDynasty, e speciallyclassic Confucianism became thein the Song and Ming dynasties,theoretical pattern, whose ultimate concern was how to become a noble man or gentleman,’s attitude or outlook. Confucius said:“the man with benevolence is thehow to cultivate oneone who loves a ll m en.”(Weienyase, 2000:69) The way to carry o ut benevolence i s tooneself and to enhance others i f o ne wouldestablish others i f o ne wants to establishyou would not wishto be done yourself. Theenhance oneself. Do not do to others whatgreat learning teaches illustrious virtue, to improve the people, and to remain in thestate as theTo achieve a moral ethics and improve one’s spiritualhighest excellence.Confucian ideals have made up of the core value of Chinese culture, due to which Chinand economic centers of the ancient world. T o the virtuousbecomes one of the culturalancient Chinese, humanworthinterest and desires were of less important, and hence not pursuing.country. T hey focus on material However, American is an interest-orientedconsumption. T hey consider it a lmost a right to be materially well off and physicallya variety of clean and comfortable. They expect swift a nd convenient t ransportation,healthy f ood, and comfortable h omes equipped with numerous laborsaving devicesincluding both central heating and hot water. The government is expected to ensure acceof all p eople and agencies c an affect the publicto food and drug products. Activitieswelfare. Associated with the values o f physical comfort a nd health is t he acceptance ofcleanliness as being nearly identical with health. All the values of material propert material well-being yield the powerful social norm of progress. Progress may be said to universal .Throughout t he world, people wish for basic physical c omfort, n ecessaryand good health a nd medical services that r educe the physicalmaterial possessions,harshness of birth, disease and death .Both science a nd technology serve t he value ofprogress .Based on this value, most Americans tend to believe that the basic problem of world is economic and that technology offers solutions. Associated with material comforthe American genius f or devising and employing machines also p rovide e fficiencyandconvenience in daily life .American advisors and technicians exhibit a strong tendencycreates aperceive their tasks a s requiring the use of machinery. Their future orientationfeeling that progress can make everything better than now. Americans find it important cope with the flow “keeping u p with the times” (Borden, G eorge A) and to look ahead“keeping an eye on the future”, (Borden, G eorge A) but the temporal orientation”. So most Americans feel that through their“near futuredownstream should be qualified aseffort they can bring about a better future without compromising the welfare and progrpeople living in a largea valid belief forenough for everyone isof others .That there ison thecountry w ith an expanding e conomy and abundant r ecourses.With no restrictiongoods available to all, individuals can progress, that is, acquire a large quantity of th for themselves w ithout concern for depriving o thers o f the same opportunity. TheAmericans stress on material things is associated with a belief in the inviolacy of p property, a value commonly asserted to be at the root of the constitution and the Ameriwill b econception of democracy. T hey react negatively to the idea t hat f ree e nterprisesdenied to anyone in the world .Americans regard free enterprises as an inalienable right is worth fighting for. At the interpersonal level, many Americans also encounter difficu in their dealing with persons who do not share with them a clear distinction between pri and public property. On a large scale, Americans may react quite negatively to bribery government officials and other methods of directing public funds into private pockets .W the scientific support of the theory of evolution, Americans see progress as ascending primitive past along a path in time toward a future in which the impediments of nature dominated by individual will and technology.4. 4 Influence of traditional family education on consumption conceptionParents in China are good at persuading. They attach importance to their children excessively.They even accept t he obligation of educating t heir children without a nycomplaint. In each stage, they protect children from hurt. For the benefit of the child they try their best to solve the problems for children. Chinese children also respect t。
中美消费观念的差异
浅析中美消费观念的差异研究消费观,首先应理解什么是消费。
我国专门研究消费问题的消费经济辞对消费的定义是:“人们通过对各种劳动产品的使用和消耗,以满足自己需要的行为和过程。
”消费包括生产性消费和生活消费。
消费观则是人们对消费水平、消费方式和消费行为等问题的总的态度和看法,它影响人们的消费行为,是社会经济现实在人们头脑中的反映,其一旦形成又反作用于社会经济,并对其产生深刻而重大的影响。
三种有重大影响的消费观——节俭消费观、侈糜消费观和适度消费观.1节俭消费观就是主张人们在消费时应最大限度地节约物质财富,减少甚至杜绝浪费的一种消费观。
这是人类历史上形成最早、影响最深、历时最长的一种消费观。
可以说,自人类产生到时至今日,这种消费观都或多或少、或强或弱地影响着人们的消费行为和消费方式。
2这是一种与节俭消费观完全对立的消费观,与经济发展水平以及自身经济状况不相适应的消费观。
它主张消费者大量地、无节制地占有和消耗物质财富,以满足自身的需求和欲望。
这种消费观不仅在发达资本主义国家得到了普遍的认可和广泛的推行,而且也向发展中国家不断传播和扩散,成为影响这些国家消费观念和消费行为的重要因素。
3适度消费观是一种既吸收了上述两种消费观的合理因素,又屏弃了它们的消极因素的消费观;是一种既不主张对物质财富一味节约吝惜,又不赞成对物质财富毫无节制的消耗滥用的消费观;是一种使消费者既不为清贫所迫,又不为物质所累的消费观。
消费观念有两种对立的形态。
一种是主张节俭的,一种是主张消费的。
崇尚节俭的国家以中国为代表,而美国就是典型的主张消费的国家。
中国和美国都是目前在全球经济发展中发挥着重要作用的国家,但储蓄与消费的运行轨迹截然不同:存款过度与负债累累,形成了鲜明反差。
.美国:高消费一低储蓄的过度消费模式在美国,经济由生产驱动向消费驱动转型已有100多年的历史,超前消费、负债消费、低储蓄率是当前美国消费模式的主要特征。
居民消费支出占GDP比重居高不下,而且个人储蓄率一直低迷甚至为负数。
中国和其他国家的商业和消费文化有何不同?
中国和其他国家的商业和消费文化有何不同?在全球化的今天,商业和消费文化已经渗透到了世界各地。
尽管如此,各国之间仍有着各自独特的商业和消费文化。
下面将从一些方面探讨中国和其他国家的商业和消费文化有何不同。
1.消费观念不同中国的消费观念主要体现在攀比心理和面子文化上。
许多中国人乐于炫耀自己消费的高档品牌和奢侈品,而忽略了实际的需求和个人财务状况。
同时,在中国,年轻人追求新潮时尚,购买名牌产品是展示自己时尚和个性的必备条件。
相比之下,欧美国家的消费观念更偏向实用主义。
德国人以保守著称,偏爱功能性良好的实用产品。
而美国则更注重个人自由和选择,消费观念更加多元化和个性化。
2. 生活方式不同中国的商业和消费文化受到传统文化的影响,街头巷尾常见的中式建筑、红色商标、大众饮食和文化活动,都与东方文化传统相关。
此外,中国人重视亲情和人情关系,很多商业活动都与人际关系有关。
许多商家通过门面效应和实体店的客户关系管理来推销产品。
相比之下,欧美国家的商业和消费文化更为现代化和消费者主导。
他们更倾向于网购,注重方便、多样和快速的消费体验。
现代型商超、购物中心、自助餐厅等实现了智能化和自动化,为消费者提供了更舒适、方便的购物环境。
3. 信任度不同中国的商业和消费文化缺乏信任,这与社会信任机制和监管紧密相关。
由于假货、欺诈和侵权等情况的频繁发生,消费者往往对商家的诚信度存疑,常常需要通过担保、第三方评价等手段来保护自己的权益。
相比之下,欧美国家的商业和消费文化更加注重诚信和公平竞争。
消费者具有更强的维权意识,同时监管机制也更为完善。
商家往往需要更加注重品牌建设和企业社会责任,才能获得消费者的信任和支持。
总之,商业和消费文化是国际性的,但各国之间仍存在很大的差异。
了解这些差异有助于人们更好的理解各国文化,认识不同国家的商业和消费习惯,从而更好地进行跨国商务交易和文化交流,推动和促进各国之间经济的互利共赢和文明交融。
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And in China, In our grandparents and parents of this generation, they will put the money in the bank. In their middle age, they will save money for their elderly. In western country, people dare to spend money. Because they have sound social security system. In past years, China is not rich, so we are in the habit now, we save money, we don’t spend all the money on entertainment.
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From the movie, I can see when western visit friend’s house, he will bring a bottle of wine to friend’s house, or a bunch of flowers. But in our country, if we visit friend in their house, we will bring many things, such as milk, meat, tea, cigarette and so on. And the things will have a beautiful package. I think Chinese pay more attention to usefulness and external features.
Otherwise, as chinese get wealthier than before, many people go abroad to buy luxury goods. In our generation, we can earn money to spend. We do some part-time job during undergraduate. Such as the waiter in KFC. Now most of us work as tutors during graduate. We spend more money than our parents. But in my opinion, frugality is a kind of good virtue. In a word, it is beneficial to carry rational consumption.
The Differences of consumption concept Between China and the West
Here is a story, in the heaven, the Chinese old lady says, I saved enough money to buy a house for 30 years. The western old lady says, I used thirty years to repay the loan. The story shows the Chinese is usually conservative consumption. Chinese like save money. But the western always enjoy pleasure in good time and life.