英国文学阅读与欣赏课本知识整理

合集下载

英国文学史及选读--复习要点总结

英国文学史及选读--复习要点总结《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点1. : ; ; , （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题）2. （名词解释）3. “ ”: a ’s4. （名词解释）5.6. : ; ( ; 124 , 24 ; ; ; : )7. (名词解释)8. （名词解释）9 ——10. （名词解释）11. （名词解释）12. “ ”13. “” . “ ”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读）14. 四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是这是肯定的。

他的也很重要，最重要属18。

（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读）15. 三大史诗非常重要，特别是和。

对于需要知道它是写成的，故事情节来自，另外要知道此书和的形象。

16. ——’s17. —— ; : , .18. （名词解释）19. （名词解释）20. ——“ ”21. ——“ ”这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一部分要仔细读。

22. ’s ’s23. : “ ”, “ ”, “ ”, “ ”; ()24. : “’s ”此书非常重要，要知道具体内容，就是游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个部分具体的讽刺对象; （我们主要讲了三个地方）“A ”比较重要，要注意作者用的也就是反讽手法。

25. 18 .26. : “ ”, “ ”, 当然是比较重要，剧情要清楚，的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主义的萌芽。

另外注意的和，另外是。

27. ——“” ( ), “ ”, “ ”28. : “ ”, “ ”, “ ”第一个和第三个比较重要，需要仔细看。

他是一个比较重要的作家，另外也被称为 .29. ——“ ”项狄传30. ——“ ”31. ——“ ”(), “ ” () ( ), “ ” (), “ ” (), “ ” (), “ ” ( )32. （名词解释）33. ——“ a ”（英国诗歌里非常著名的一首，曾经被誉为“有史以来英国诗歌里最好的一首”）(a 墓园派诗人)* / ”: A , a , , . , ’s“ a ”. .34. 18 , ; : .35. ——“ ”许多中古的民谣都是在这个时期重新收集和整理起来的，这个集子是那个时代比较有名的一个民谣集。

英国文学选读笔记重点

英国文学选读笔记重点一、引言英国文学是世界文学的重要组成部分，其丰富的历史背景、独特的文化传统和卓越的文学成就使其在世界文学史上占有重要地位。

在英国文学选读中，我们不仅可以欣赏到众多杰出的文学作品，还可以深入了解英国的历史、文化和社会背景。

二、重点作家及其作品莎士比亚莎士比亚是英国文学史上最伟大的作家之一，他的作品包括《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等。

莎士比亚的作品具有深刻的思想内涵和卓越的艺术表现力，是英国文学的经典之作。

简·奥斯汀简·奥斯汀是英国19世纪著名的女性作家，她的作品如《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》等，以细腻的人物描写和精湛的心理分析而著称。

她的作品反映了当时英国社会的风俗习惯和道德观念，具有很高的社会价值。

狄更斯狄更斯是19世纪英国最著名的现实主义作家之一，他的作品如《双城记》、《雾都孤儿》等，以对社会问题的深刻揭示和对人性的深刻剖析而著称。

他的作品反映了当时英国社会的贫困、不公和阶级斗争，具有很高的社会意义。

三、重点主题爱情与婚姻爱情与婚姻是英国文学中的重要主题之一。

在许多作品中，作者通过描写爱情与婚姻的关系，探讨了人性的复杂性和生活的真谛。

例如，在简·奥斯汀的作品中，她通过对婚姻的思考，揭示了当时英国社会对婚姻的看法和期望。

社会问题社会问题是英国文学中的另一个重要主题。

许多作家通过描写社会问题，揭示了当时社会的矛盾和冲突。

例如，在狄更斯的作品中，他通过对贫困、不公和阶级斗争的描写，揭示了当时英国社会的种种问题。

人性与命运人性与命运是英国文学中的永恒主题。

许多作家通过描写人性的复杂性和命运的无常，探讨了人生的意义和价值。

例如，在莎士比亚的作品中，他通过对人性的深刻剖析和对命运的无奈揭示了人生的无常和无奈。

四、结语英国文学选读是了解英国文化和历史的重要途径之一。

通过对英国文学的学习和研究，我们可以更好地理解英国的历史、文化和社会背景，同时也可以提高我们的审美能力和文化素养。

英国文学重点知识

Colonial Period (1607-1775)---PuritanismMajor Writers & Literary WorksCaptain John SmithWilliam BradfordJohn WinthropAnne BradstreetIII. Main types of writing:diaries, histories, journals, letters, travel books, autobiographies/biographies, sermonsIV.Captain John Smith (1580—1631)True Relation of Virginia (1608)Description of New England (1616)General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles (1624)Puritanism in AmericaPuritanism 清教主义Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of puritans. Doctrines:- Predestination- Original sin and total depravity (human beings are basically evil.)- Limited atonement (or the Salvation of a selected few)Puritan values (creeds):Hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety, simple tastes.Puritans are more practical, tougher, and to be ever ready for any misfortune and tragic failure.They are optimistic.Influence-- one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature.-- American literature is based on a myth, i.e. the Biblical myth of the Garden of Eden.-- tendency to moralize.- Puritanism can be compared with Chinese Confucianism.American Puritanism&Chinese Confucianism1) powerful shaping factor in the cultural maturity of the nation;2) burned its way into the very fabric of social life and way down into people’s consciousness;puritan style of writingfresh, simple, directrhetoric is plain, honestinfluence of biblemoralizeAnne Bradstreet (1612-1672)The first publication of a book of poems in America,the first publication by a woman in America.She also wrote The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America in 1650.Anne Bradstreet (1612—1672)安妮.布雷特兹里特The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America <美洲最近出现的第十缪斯> ----published in Britain in 1650 by her brother-in-lawSeveral Poems Compiled with a Great Variety of Wit and Learning, Full of Delight <一些风格各异，充满机智和学识的诗歌>----the first edition of her poetry in North America in 1678 after her death Contemplation <沉思>----a long poem imitated Edmund Spenser both in rhythm and themeUpon the Burning of Our HouseTo My Dear and Loving HusbandAge of EnlightenmentGeneral Backgrounds –dominant thought(1) EnlightenmentAn 18th-century movement that focused on the ideals of good sense, benevolence, and a belief in liberty, justice, and equality as the natural rights of man.. It advocated reason or rationality, the scientific method, equality and human beings ’ability to perfect themselves and their society.Originated in Europe: 17th CResources: Newton’s theory; deismBasic principles: stressing education; Reason (Order); employing reason to reconsider the traditions and social realities; concern for civil rights –equality, justiceSignificance: accelerating social progress; freeing people from the limitations set by prevailing Puritanism; making spiritual preparation for Am, Revolution.Representatives: Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine, Thomas JeffersonInfluence on LiteratureIn form: imitating English classical writersIn content: utilitarian tendency ( for political or educational purpose) （2）The Great Awakening (1730s—1740s)A series of religious revivals that swept over the American colonies about the middle of 18th century. The main aim is to revive people’s enthusiasm towards Calvinism. In New England it was started by Jonathan Edwards.Major writers3.1two representatives of Puritanism in two aspectsJonathan Edwards (1703—1785) 乔纳森.爱德华兹---Outstanding representative of Puritanism--the last great voice to re-assert Calvinism in America.His WorksPersonal Narrative 《自述》Freedom of the Will 《意志的自由》The Doctrine of Original Sin Defend《原罪说辩》The Nature of True Virtue 《真正美德的本质》Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God《发怒的上帝手中的罪人》Images or Shadows of Divine Things《神灵的形影》Jonathan Edwards’ Points of view(1) Regeneration of man(人的来世): He urges his people to enjoy the sweetness of “conversion”(转变).(2) God’s presence: God is the source of all being, the substance of all life. God made the world by an extension of Himself, he manifests Himself in nature and man, and that man, being a part of God, is divine(神圣的).–his sense of God’s overwhelming presence in nature and in soul anticipated the Transcendentalism.His Position1 He was the last great voice that was ever heard in America to reassert the Calvinist stance so as to bring the people back to its fold.2 He was in part instrumental in bringing about the Great Awakening3 He was the first modern American and the country’s last medieval man. Benjamin Franklin (1706—1790)本杰明.富兰克林The Autobiography 《自传》—first of its kind in liter.Its Significance/1) It is the first of its kind in American literature.2) It is a puritan document of its self-examination & self-improvement. (Franklin’s 13 virtues)3) a success story of self-reliance, the book celebrates, in fact, the fulfillment of the American dream4)It is regarded as one of the most important works of American literature producedduring the 18th century.5)he represents American idea--- man is basically good and free by nature, endowedby God with certain inalienable(不可剥夺的) rights of liberty and the pursuit of happiness.7) The Autobiography is in the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision. 思考题小结：Edwards vs FranklinSimilarity---Both were inheritors of the puritan tradition. Both came from the same parent stock, the Puritanism of New England.Differences----They moved in different directions: Puritan idealism vs materialism. Edwards used Calvinist beliefs and tenets to stage a series of religious revivals, --the great awakening in north America from 1735 to 1750. Franklin used deism as an effective practical support to the new ideas of progress. With him as spokesman, 18th C Am. Experienced enlightenment, reason and order like England and Europe.Thomas Paine (1737—1809) 托马斯.潘恩Fight for the rights of manHelp to spur and inspire two greatest revolutions of his agePropagandist, pamphleteer, a master of persuasion who understands the power of language to move a man to action.Main works:Common Sense 《常识》The American Crisis 《美国危机》The Rights of Man 《人的权利》The Age of Reason 《理智时代》3.2Philip Freneau (1752—1832) 菲利普.弗瑞诺1. significanceUse his poetic talents to serve his nationHe is the most important poet in the 18th CHe was entitled Father of American PoetryHe was born in New York and graduated from Princeton University.He wrote lots of poems supporting Am. Revolution and human liberty.He was the most notable Representative of dawning nationalism in literature.His poems presented Romantic spirits but his form and taste were mainly influenced by Classicism.Most famous poems “the Wild Honey Suckle” The Indian Burying Ground 《印地安人墓地》2. Works: The British Prison ship 《英国囚船》The Rising Glory of America (graduation poem in college of New Jersey) 《美洲光辉的兴起》／《蒸蒸日上的美国》The Indian Burying Ground 《印地安人墓地》—on the imagined afterlifeThe Wild Honey suckle 《野金银花》---on mortalityThe Dying Indian: Tomo Chequi 《将死之印第安人图默.凯奎》3. The Wild Honeysuckle1.It is a deistic celebration of nature, romantic use of simple nature imagery,inspired by themes of death and transience. Much of the beauty of the poem lies in the sounds of the words and the effects created through changes in rhythm.2. Flower vs Human Being, Duration vs Life3. Show us how to live an useful life.4. In a revolution, one should not do nothing for his country for fear of being hurt, harmed and destroyed.This a piece of lyric about nature, four-stanza poem, each stanza with 6 lines. Theme— it’s a hymn of wild honey suckle, of its whiteness, beauty, and purity, meanwhile sorry for silence and the frail duration. It suggests a relationship between the life of the flower and the life of human beingsIt implies that life and death are inevitable law of nature. The whole poem shows slight sadness, but life and death are inevitable law of nature, so the poem hinted us that we should face life optimistically and calmly.Rhyme scheme: a regular pattern of thyme, ababccDictions—using soft consonants, such as /t/, /m/, /s/. it is sounded calmly and easily.Washington IrvingAmerican Romanticism(1820-1860) 1. Time: From the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War.The romantic period, one of the most important periods in the history of American literature, also called “ the American Renaissance”.1.General features RomanticismRomanticism•Definition: romanticism rose in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In contrastto classicism, it is associated with imagination and creation of individuality. Romantic writers attach importance to the portrayal of features of distinctive characters. They reproduce life in their writings according to their ideal and prefer imaginative, even fantastic vision to restriction of objective depiction, passion to elegance, and irregular beauty to perfect proportion.•Ideals: Democracy and political equality became the ideals of the new nation. Features of the romantic literatureA.stressing emotion rather than reasonB.stressing freedom and individualityC.idealism rather than materialismD.writing about nature, medieval legends and with supernatural elements. Irrationalism: opposing rationalism/neo-classicism; focusing on feelings, intuitionsand emotions; worshipping ideals, imaginationIndividualism: placing the individual and the common man against the group, against authorityBeing close to nature: the world as a living, breathing being; the close relationship between man and natureSimplicity：turned to the humble people and the everyday life，adopted the everyday language3.American Romanticism was both imitative and independent.Independent--A real new experiencea.peculiar American experience ( landscape, pioneering to the west, Indiancivilization, new nation’s democracy and dreams)—wild honey suckle, cooper, new Adam, new garden of Eden, Whitman)b.Puritan heritage (more moralizing, edifying more than mere entertainment)(careful about love and sex. Example: Scarlet Letter)5. Three periods and representativesA. Early romanticism—Washington Irving, James Fennimore CooperB. summit of Romanticism –American TranscendentalismEmerson, ThoreauC. Late RomanticismHawthorne, Melville, Poe.Whitman, DickinsonWashington Irving (1783--1859)First American to make a living as a writerFirst American storytellerFirst to get international fameFather of American literature•Appreciation of “Rip Van Winkle”Time : the pre-independent war & post-independent war timePlace: the Appalachian Mountain Area, in and old Dutch villageSetting: the pastoral, peaceful, calm but backward atmosphere•Narrative elements (1): 3-part structure & plotBeginning – Rip as a hen-pecked husband;•Middle – his venture into Catskills;•End – his returnAnalysis of the characterRip: --- idle, lazy, Hen-pecked, weak-minded, good-tempered, warm-hearted, timid, care-free, simple-minded, obedient, irresponsible, a little foolish, etc.His wife:--- virago, sharp-tempered, vulgar, rude, ill-mannered, rural-bred,responsible, strong-minded, self-important, nagging, sharp-tongued, hard-working, uneducated country woman•Analysis of the theme•1. A story of man who has difficulty in facing his age•2. Criticism of some teachings of Puritanism:•Unceasing labor, no play, all kinds of pleasures are condemned, greedy for wealth •Express a strong desire for leisure•3. The theme of escape from one’s responsibility and even one’s history•4. Bewildering about the rapid changes after the independent war.•5. Nostalgic longing for the past pastoral way of life.•6. The loss of identityTone: conservative (never accepted a modern democratic America and believed changes upset the natural order of things.)Symbolism: on his return to the village, he senses a loss of identity. His wife(ruler) is gone. (from Gorge III to George Washington)•【小说风格】是指某一时代、某一民族、某一地域或某一小说家的小说作品在思想内容和艺术表达形式上所呈现出的特点的总和。

英国文学知识点整理

英国文学知识点整理不同的分类，会有交叉。

有交叉，才能理解，才能清晰，才能快速记忆，这才是真正的笔记。

(一)各个时期的文学创作术语中世纪文学时期Medieval Literature英雄双韵体the heroic couplet【特点】两行两行押韵，也被称作五步抑扬格iambic pentameter【创始人】杰弗里·乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer文艺复兴时期Renaissance十四行诗sonnet【特点】1韵律：一行隔一行押韵一节中的最后一行又与下一节的第一行押韵第四节只有两行独自押韵，一共十四行。

例一：abab bcbc cdcd ee例二：abab bcbc efef gg 2行数：十四行【创始人】威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare斯宾塞诗体Spenserian【特点】1韵律：韵律复杂，具有音乐性2行数：每节九行【创始人】埃德蒙·斯宾塞Edmund Spenser 素体诗blank verse没有押韵道德剧Morality Play神秘剧Mystery Play奇迹剧Miracle Play抑扬格四音步iambic tetrameter书信体意识流stream of consciousness(二)各种荣誉称谓"之父"称号Title作家主要作品时代流派英国诗歌之父Father of English Poetry杰弗里·乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer坎特伯雷故事集The Canterbury TalesMedieval Literature 十四世纪英国小说之父Father of English Novels丹尼尔·笛福Daniel Defoe鲁宾逊漂流记The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson CrusoeEnlightenment 18世纪Realistic西欧历史小说之父The Father of Western European Historical Novel沃尔特·司各特Walter Scott密得洛西恩监狱The Heart of MidlothianRealistic Literature十九世纪Romanticism桂冠诗人Poet Laureate约翰·德莱顿John Dryden阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生Alfred Tennyson【作品】记忆方式伊诺克·阿登。

英国文学阅读与欣赏课本知识整理

Authorized Version of the Bible:
Bible–the Old Testament(Jews & Christians) + the New Testament (only Christians)
King James I
the greatest of English translation
Essays(58):cover various topics, written in a clear, concise, almost epigrammatic style
The Fairie Queene
5. Renaissance prose:
Forms: religious writings, translation, prose fiction, short essays
Thomas More:early humanist in Eng Renai
Utopia
The Canterbury Tales:24 stories
Stories told by some of the thirty pilgrims
characterization: all walks of life; realistic picture;
the Dark Age(blind to truth);corrupting church life
4. Preparation of Renaissance
Hundred Years’War, The Wars of the Roses–peasants’rising, social unrest–express in lit–works of social protest:Piers Plowman(William Langland)

(完整)英国文学复习提纲加诗歌赏析方法

I。

PART ONE。

EARLY&MEDIEV AL1。

Beowulf: the national epic史诗 of the Anglo—SaxonsBeowulf against： monster Grendel， she—monster and a fire dragonArtistic features：Using alliteration（头韵）Using metaphor(比喻）and understatement(陈述）2。

The Class Nature of the Romance： They were composed for the noble， of the noble，and in most cases by the poets patronized by the noble。

3. Geoffery Chaucer： The father of English poetry/ the founder of English poetry The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集:英国文史上现实主义第一部杰作fir st time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle EnglishII。

The Renaissance Period1. The Renaissance ＆ Humanism: R： 2 features： a curiosity for classical literature (Greek & Latin）→dissatisfaction at Catholic ＆ feudal ideas/ activities of humanity →new feeling of admiration for human beauty ＆ achievementH: the key—note of R， new outlook of the rising bourgeois class2. Francis Bacon弗兰西斯•培根：Essays随笔(famous quotas： Of studies）3。

英国文学知识点总结

英国⽂学知识点总结Part One Early and Medieval English literature& Masterpiece: “The Song of Beowulf ”1. Significance:The national epic of the English people;A folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from Northern Europe;Passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before written down in the 10th century;The most important and representative work of the Old English (the Anglo-Saxon )literature.2. Characters:Beowulf: nephew of Hygelac Hygelac: king of Geats in Jutland Hrothgar: king of the Danes Grendel: a monster3. Plot:(1) Beowulf’s fight with the monster Grendel in Hrothgar’s hall(2) Beowulf’s slaying of Grendel’s mother in her lair(3) Beowulf’s return to his u ncle, and his succession to the throne.(4) Beowulf’s victory in death, fifty years later, over the fire dragon4. Features:i. Position: The national epic and the first long poem in English .ii. Rhyme: The poem is written in alliterative verse in a line, with 4 accents in a line , three of which show alliteration( beginning with the same consonant sound )iii. Rhetorics: A figurative language is used , which is called “kenning” or metaphor .iv. Structure: It is written in inverted order with two parts in a line (as pause)& The Medieval English LiteratureI. Romance : (in prose or verse form)a.Subject matter (题材，话题，论题)（See the definition）：The life and adventures of a noble hero , generally a knightb. Theme (主题)（See the definition）：The loyalty to the king and lord .c. Three romance cycles (传奇故事系列)The Matter of France (about Charlemagne and his peers )The Matter of Rome (about Alexander the Great )The Matter of Britain(about the adventures of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table) d. The class nature of Romance :It’s written for the upper classChivalry （骑⼠精神）is represented to show the quality of the knight : courage , honor , courtesy , loyalty and devotion to the helpless , the weakand women .e. Masterpiece :“Sir Gawin and the Green Knight” 《⾼⽂爵⼠和绿⾐骑⼠》in alliterative verse .* Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)1. Position: i.“The father of English poetry”ii. The founder of English realism (by Gorky)iii. The forerunner of humanism .2. Contribution:i.He introduced the “heroic couplet”(the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter抑扬格五⾳步)ii. He is the first great poet who wrote in the current English language .iii. He did much in making the dialect of London the foundation for modern English speech .3. Literary Creation:Influenced by：Dante (1265-1321): “The Divine Comedy”Petrarch (1307-1374) : “Sonnets”Boccaccio (1313-1375): “Decameron”4. Masterpiece : “The Canterbury Tales”i. Significance :a. A comprehensive picture of Chaucer's time a splendid realistic portrayal .b. An artistic corridor of people from all walks of life in the medieval England :a) the gentle class: knight , squire , monk prioress (⼥修道院的院长), the oxford scholar .b) the burgher class : tradesman , carpenter , weaver , the Wife of Bath , lawyerc. Realism and Humanism is revealed :The praise of man’s energy quick wit and love of life .The equal right of man and woman to pursue their happiness on earth and the opposition of the dogma of asceticism.ii. Features:a. Structural features :a) A prologue and 24 tales b) All the tales are closely knitted by interspersing them with the talk ,the quarrels , opinions of the pilgrims and especially the judgment of the innkeeper .b. Literary features :Heroic couplet : a pair of rhyming iambic pentameter lines .Tone : gentle satire and mild irony .& The English Ballads (Popular Ballads)1. Literary Features :i. English folk literature in feudal society .ii. In song , usually in 4-line stanza , with the 2nd and 4th lines rhymed .iii. iambic trimeter / tetrameter 抑扬格三⾳步/四⾳步2. Themes :i. The struggle of young lovers against their feudal families.ii. The conflict between love and wealth.iii. The cruel effect of jealousy.iv. The border wars between England and Scotland.v. The matters of class struggle.3. Masterpieces:1) Robin Hood Ballads : gathered into a collection called “The Geste of Robin Hood”2) “Ro bin Hood and Allan –a –Dale” “Get up and Bar the Door”“Sir Patrick Spans”Robin HoodStatus: a yeoman forced to be an outlaw/fugitiveDeeds: Greenwood of Sherwood Forest near Nottingham in the center of EnglandHunting the King’s deer, robbing from the r ich and distributing among the poorFriends and followers: the Merry Men (Little John, Friar Tuck, Will Scarlet, and the romantic minstrel Alan-a-Dale)His enemy: the Sheriff of NottinghamHis wife: Maid Marian4. Linguistic characteristics:RomanceIt uses narrative verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval period. It has developed the characteristic medieval motifs of the quest, the test, the meeting with the evil giant and the encounter with the beautiful beloved.The hero is usually the knight, who sets out on a journey to accomplish some missions. There is often mysteries and fantasies in romance.Romantic love is an important part of the plot in romance. Characterization is standardized, while the structure is loose and episodic, the language is simple and straightforward.The importance of the romance itself can be seen as a means of showing medieval aristocratic men and women in relation to their idealized view of the world.Questions for consideration:1. The features of the medieval English literature ?2. The significance of The Canterbury Tales ?3. The literary features of English ballads ?4. The differences between romance and balladPart II The English Renaissance&Literary influence of the Bible on English language:Household words from Bible:root of all evil万恶之源clear as crystal极其明⽩a thorn in the flesh眼中钉，⾁中刺to cast pearls before swine明珠投暗a labor of love 不计较报酬的⼯作eye for eye , tooth for tooth 以眼还眼，以⽛还⽛The Development of Literaturei. The Beginning of the English Renaissancea. Geoffrey Chaucer（1340-1400）The forerunner of English Renaissanceb.William Caxton introducing printing to England in 1476 bringing a multitude of classical works .& c. Thomas More (1478-1535) The first humanist in EnglandI. IntroductionGreat thinker and humanist in the RenaissanceII. Masterpiece: “Utopia”Utopia, from two Greek words meaning “nowhere”, is an island discovered on a voyage to the newly discovered Americas. It is an description of the ideal communist society and ideal commonwealth, where property is held in common and there is no poverty.Practical basis for the communist society:From everyone according to his capacities ,to everyone according to his need”各尽所能，按需分配)B. Different Genres and their representatives: essay, poetry, dramaa. essayist: Francis Baconb.poets:Thomas Wyatt, HenryHoward,Sir Philip Sidney, Edmund Spenser, William Shakespearec. dramatists/playwrights: Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, Ben Jonson&1. Francis BaconA. Position and Contribution:He is the first great essayist . He is the founder of English materialist philosophy （唯物主义哲学）He is the founder of modern science in England .Inductive Method of Reasoning (归纳法) was stated in his essay “New Instrument”He represents the intellectual energy of the age .B. Masterpiece:a. “Advancement of Learning”《科学的进展》b. “New Instrument” 新⼯具c. “Essays” 《随笔集》Subjects : love truth , friendship , parents and children , beauties , studies , riches , youth and ages , death etc .Features : clearness ,brevity and force of expression .C. Wise Sayings:“Knowledge is power”“Men fear death, as chi ldren fear to go in the dark; and as that natural fear in children is increased with tales, so is the other.“⼈们惧伯死亡，正如孩童惧于⿊暗中⾏路：孩童⼼中的恐惧感随着听到的童话故事的增多⽽增长，⼈们对死亡的惧怕亦是如此。

英国文学史整理配合课堂重点内容

知识点梳理一中世纪文学（约 5 世纪—1485）•Beowulf贝奥武夫Old English literature, poems, the national epic of the English people ★特点Artistic features: ing alliteration押头韵 ing metaphor and understatement3.give an impression of reserve and at time a tinge of ironical humor3位Middle English 的著名诗人1.Geoffrey Chaucer—— The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集The founder of English poetry、realismwriting style: wisdom, humor, humanity.first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English<名解>heroic couplet：the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter p26、39、902.William Langland——Piers The Plowman 耕者皮尔斯:a picture of feudal England3.The author of Sir Gawain and Green Knight•The Robin Hood Ballads 罗宾汉<名解> 民谣The Ballads is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed. The ballads are in various English and Scottish dialects.二文艺复兴时期文学（15 世纪后期—17 世纪初）A period of drama and poetry.The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the EnglishRenaissance.<名解>Renaissance p30-31• 托马斯·莫尔Thomas More——Utopia乌托邦He was one of the forerunners of modern socialist thought<名解> The sonnet p39• 埃德蒙·斯宾塞Edmund Spenser——The Faerie Queene、The Shepherd’s Calendar牧人日历The poets’ poet. The first to be buried in the Poet’s corner of Westerminster AbbeyThe Faerie Queene——nationalism、humanism、puritanism• 弗兰西斯·培根Francis Bacon——Essays随笔The founder of English materialist philosophy近代唯物主义奠基人The first English essayist在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断•克里斯托弗·马洛Christopher Marlowe“University Wits”—Tamburlaine帖木耳大帝、TheJew of Malta马耳他的犹太人、Doctor Faustus<名解>Blank verse无韵体: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.★William Shakespeare 1564~161637plays 2long poems 154sonnets四大喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》A Midsummer Night’s Dream《威尼斯商人》The Merchant of Venice《皆大欢喜》As You Like It《第十二夜》Twelfth Night四大悲剧《哈姆莱特》Hamlet《奥赛罗》Othello《李尔王》King Lear《麦克白》Macbeth历史剧《亨利四世》Henry IV正剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》Romeo and JulietFeatures of Shakespeare's drama:1 one of the founders of realism in world literature2 often used the method of adaptation3 skilled in many poetic forms: song, sonnet, couplet, especially the blank verse4 a great master of the English language•本·琼生Ben Johnson——Every Man in His HumorHis portrayal of characters is one-sided, flat, and lacking development; they are not round and full-blooded.He was a forerunner of classicism in English literature which was to reach its hightide in the 18th century.古典主义先驱三17 世纪文学英国资产阶级革命时期The puritan poets 弥尔顿、班扬The metaphysical poets 邓恩The cavalier poets 德莱顿★约翰·弥尔顿John Milton 1608~1674早期Poems——On the Morning of Christ’s Nativity、Comus、Lycidas中期Pamphlets——Of Reformation in England、Areopagitica《论出版自由》、The Defence ofthe English People为英国人民声辩晚期Giant works失明后写——Paradise Lost失乐园、Paradise Regained复乐园、SamsonAgonistes力士参孙Areopagitica论出版自由，as a declaration of people's freedom of the press, has been a weapon in the later democratic revolotion struggles.Paradise Lost：long epic in12 books, written in blank verse. p107Agonistes力士参孙:poetical drama modelled on the Greek tragedies. It is from the Book of Judges in the Old Testament.Brief summary p1111 he was a political in both his life and his art. He was a militant pamphleteer of the English Revolution, and the greatest English revolutionary poet in 17th century2 he wrote the greatest epic in English literature. He and Shakespeare have always been regarded as two patterns of English verse3 he is a master of the blank verse. he first used blank verse in non-dramatic works.4 he is a great stylist.5 his sublimity of thought and majesty of expression.• 约翰·班扬John Bunyan—The Pilgrim’s Progress: a religious allegory天路历程Puritan poet•John Donne the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).四启蒙时期文学（17th后期—18th中期）核心Reason<名解>The Enlightenment：an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism.<名解> classicism:The classicists modelled themselves on Greek and Latin authors, and try to control literary creation by some fixed laws and rules drawn from Greek andLatin works. The English classicists followed these standards in their writings.Classicists had some fixed laws and rules for almost every genre of literature.•Richard Steele——The Christian Hero（pamphlet）、（Newspapers）The Tatler、The spectator(in conjunction with Addison)、Theatre、The English•Joseph Addison——The Campaign(a poem，his best-known poem in heroic couplet) Cato (tragedy)、The Spectator、A Letter from Italy★The Spectator：a daily newspaper, one essay a day，dealing with the customs, manners, morals,literature and other current topics of the time, in a light and pleasant mannerAmong the most striking features of The Spectator are the character sketches (人物素描) of Mr. Spectator and the members of his club.Contribution：•Addison and Steel developed the form of letter writing to the verge of the epistolary novel(书信体小说).•Addison’s Spectator essay were looked upon as the model of English composition by British authors all through the 18th century.•Humor, intimacy and elegance are the striking features of the English familiar essay•Alexander Pope 亚历山大•蒲柏1688~17441.Essay on Criticism、2.The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记the masterpiece, which is worth reading for itsdescription and satire of the dull court life of Englandof that time.3.The Dunciad愚人记、4.Essay on Man人论、5.Moral Essays道德论6.The Works of Shakespeare 《莎士比亚全集》One of the first to introduce rationalism to England.Pope is the most important representative of the English classical poetry. Frequently writing in the form of heroic couplets. He was at his best in satire and epigram.• Jonathan Swift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~17451.Gulliver’s TravelsLilliput小人国Brobdingnag大人国Flying Island飞岛Houyhnhnm马岛2.A Tale of a Tub3.A Modest Proposal and The Drapi er’s Letters（pamphlets）Denounce the cruel and unjust treatment of Ireland by the English government and stir up the Irish people to fight.4.The Battle of BooksSwift’s Style: He is one of the greatest masters of English prose. His language is simple and clear and vigorous. He is a master satirist, and his irony is deadly. (例如modest proposal)• Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔•笛福Robinson Crusoe 鲁宾逊漂流记was one of the forerunners of the English realistic novel.Robinson Crusoe is representative of the English bourgeoisie.Moll Flanders、Colonel Jacque、Captain singleton•Samuel Richardson——Pamela (Develop the English novel)、Clarissa Harlowe• Henry Fielding亨利•菲尔丁1707~1754Novels:1.Tom Jones汤姆•琼斯（A love story between Tom and Sophia）2.Joseph Andrews、3.The Life of Mr. Jonathan Wild the Great、4.Amelia艾米莉亚He is the founder of English realistic novel、father of the English novel•Samuel Johnson 塞缪尔•约翰逊——A Dictionary of English Language英语大词典• Oliver Goldsmith（playwriter）奥利弗•格尔德斯密斯——The Deserted Village（poem）、The Good Natured Man、She stoops to Conquer（drama）•Richard Brinsley Sheridan（playwriter）理查德•布林斯利•施莱登——The Rivals、The School for Scandal（drama）Romantic Revival arose in the latter half of the 18th century, against Classicism.The pre-romantic poetry was represented by Blake and Burns.•William Blake威廉•布莱克1757~1827Songs of Innocence天真之歌、Songs of Experience经验之歌、The Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的婚姻1. Blake was opposed to the classicism of the 18th century.2. His poems were full of romantic spirit and imagery symbolism.3. He was a Pre-Romanticist or forerunner of the romantic poetry of the 19th century.•Robert Burns罗伯特•彭斯1759—1796A Red, Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰songs of love and friendship、Auld Long Syne往昔时光The Scots Musical Museum and Collection of Original Scottish Airs.收集苏格兰民谣He is the greatest of Scottish poets and one of the greatest song writers in the world .The poems of Burns are written in the Scottish dialect on a variety of subjects.五浪漫主义时期文学Romanticism in England（1798-1832）The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s <Lyrical Ballads>, and end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death.The Lake Poets湖畔诗人who lived in the lake district.The elder generation: escapist romanticists（William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey）★William Wordsworth1770—1850Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集beginning of the Romantic Revival、deep love for nature sympathy for the poorI Wondered Lonely As A Cloud我好似一朵流云独自漫游Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey登丁寺杂咏The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女、The Prelude序曲•Samuel Taylor Coleridge——The Rime of the Ancient Mariner古舟子颂The poem is considered his masterpiece•Robert Southey——Joan of Arc圣女贞德The younger generation: active romanticists：•George Gordon Byron 乔治•戈登•拜伦1788—1824Don Juan唐•璜、Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage恰尔德•哈罗德尔游记、Cain该隐、The Vision of Judgment审判的幻景<名解>拜伦式英雄Byronic heroes is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles.恰尔德·哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄”。

英美文学欣赏第四版知识点总结

英美文学欣赏第四版知识点总结1.The work that presented,for the first time in English literature,a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales.首次在英国文学，中世纪英国社会的全面逼真的画面，创造了从各行各业生动的人物整体画廊是杰弗里·乔叟的坎特伯雷故事集。

2. Geoffrey Chaucer is regarded as the father of English poetry.乔叟被看作是英国诗歌之父。

3. The verse form of heroic couplet was introduced into English poetry and employed in the poem with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature by Geoffrey Chaucer.3.英雄对联的诗体被引入英国诗歌和诗与真正的轻松和魅力，第一次在英国文学的杰弗里·乔叟的历史就业。

4. The Canterbury Tales presents a whole gallery of vivid characters,the team of pilgrims,people from all walks of life,including 31 members altogether.4.坎特伯雷故事呈现生动的人物整体画廊，朝圣者的队伍，来自各行各业，其中包括31名成员共有人。

新编英国文学选读知识点梳理

新编英国文学选读知识点梳理【实用版】目录1.英国文学的历史背景及分期2.英国文学的代表作家及作品3.英国文学的风格特点及影响正文英国文学是西方文学的重要组成部分，其历史悠久，传统深厚。

英国文学的发展可分为几个阶段，其中最重要的阶段包括古英语文学、中世纪文学、文艺复兴时期文学、17 世纪文学、18 世纪文学、19 世纪文学和 20 世纪文学。

在古英语文学阶段，最著名的作品是《贝奥武甫》。

在中世纪文学阶段，英国文学受到了欧洲大陆文学的影响，这一时期的代表作品包括《亚瑟王传奇》和《尼伯龙根之歌》等。

在文艺复兴时期，英国文学迎来了黄金时期，莎士比亚、斯宾塞和马洛等文学巨匠的作品至今仍被誉为英国文学的经典。

17 世纪文学以约翰·弥尔顿、约翰·班扬和约翰·德莱顿等人的作品为代表，其中《失乐园》、《天路历程》和《论出版自由》等作品成为这一时期的经典。

18 世纪文学则以丹尼尔·笛福、乔纳森·斯威夫特、理查森·谢里丹和简·奥斯汀等人的作品为代表，这一时期的文学作品反映了工业革命时期的社会变革。

19 世纪文学是英国文学的又一辉煌时期，这一时期的代表作家包括查尔斯·狄更斯、夏洛蒂·勃朗特、艾米丽·勃朗特和托马斯·哈代等。

20 世纪英国文学则以弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫、乔治·奥威尔、威廉·萨默塞特·毛姆和阿加莎·克里斯蒂等作家的作品为代表。

英国文学的风格特点多样，受到了历史、地理和文化等多种因素的影响。

英国文学在语言运用、情节安排和人物塑造等方面都有独特的技巧，使其在世界文学史上具有重要地位。

英国文学阅读与欣赏复习1-6单元

1、The earliest form of literature in Anglo-Saxon period was oral.2、Anglo-Saxon 代表作《Beowulf》“national epic of the Anglo-Saxons”特征：alliteration3、Religious poet Caedmon，story in Bible4、The first great book in prose散文in English is 《Anglo-Saxon Chronicle》(AD1 to 1154)5、Anglo- Norman period, French Latin and English, 重要形式metrical romance(源自法国文学) 关于love or knight adventure 或两者都有。

最出名素材Legend of King Arthur 和round table knights. 代表作：《Sir Gawain and the Green Knight》6、Preparation of Renaissance, Hundred Y ears' War,, the War of Roses. 先锋代表作《Piers Plowman》(by William Langland)著名人物Geoffrey Chaucer, 代表作《The Canterbury Tales》.风格satirical and narrative7、同时期，a collection of the legends of King Arthur by Sir Thomas Malory(法翻英)8、John Wyclif 翻译Bible（拉丁翻英）《Wyclif Bible》9、一种folk literature 叫ballad（民谣）10、Geoffrey Chaucer,(1340-1400), 受早期意大利文艺复习影响，《The House of Fame》《The Parliament of Fouls》《Troilus and Criseyde》《The Legend of Good Women》,死后第一个第一个葬在“Poet's Corner" 的诗人。

英国文学知识简单整理

一．古英语时期（Old English Literature 公元499—1066年）英国文学开山之作：头韵体诗歌（alliteration）《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）(该作属于epic民族英雄史诗)开德蒙（Caedmon）：《赞美诗》（Anthem）琴涅武甫（Cynewulf）：《十字架之梦》（Dream of the Rood）比德（Bede）：《英吉利人教会史》（Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum）阿尔弗雷德大帝（King Alfred）：《盎格鲁—撒克逊编年史》（Anglo-Saxon Chronicle），被誉为“英国散文之父”（Father of English Prose）二．中古英语时期（Medieval English Literature 公元1066年—15世纪）Romance (浪漫传奇) 《亚瑟王之死》头韵体诗歌：《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight）英国民谣ballad：《罗宾汉名谣集》（The Robin Hood Ballads）威廉·兰格伦（William Langland）：《农夫皮尔斯的幻想》（The Vision Concerning piers the Plowman）杰弗里·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer）：英国中世纪最伟大的诗人，享有“英国诗歌之父”的美誉（Father of English Poetry）。

代表作：八音节（octosyllabic）英雄双韵体（heroic couplet）诗歌《坎特布雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）.托马斯·马洛礼（Sir Thomas Malory）：英国15世纪优秀的散文家，代表作为《亚瑟王之死》（Le Morte d’Arthur）三．文艺复兴时期（Renaissance 15世纪末—17世纪）托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More）：伟大的人文主义者，代表作：《乌托邦》（Utopia），《国王爱德华五世悲戚的一生》（The painful Life of Edward Ⅴ）.托马斯·魏厄特（Thomas Wyatt）和亨利·霍华德（Henry Howard）的十四行诗（Sonnet）.前者将意大利十四行诗引入英国；后者在此基础上，发展了英国十四行诗歌。

英国文学知识点整理

英国文学知识点整理浪漫主义诗歌的第一个大诗人是布莱克。

这个靠镌版谋生的手工匠人是法国革命的热烈的拥护者，但又反对它的哲学基础理性主义，所写的诗也大异于18世纪的优雅含蓄,而着重想象力和神启式的宗教感,初期的《天真之歌》(1789)写得纯真，《经验之歌》(1794)写得沉痛；后来诗风一变，转而写作篇幅巨大的长诗如《四天神》(1804)，其中有一套独特的象征和神话系统。

大学生华兹华斯和柯尔律治却经历了另一种变化，即从拥护法国革命变成反对,于是前者寄情山水,在大自然里找慰藉；后者神游异域和古代，以梦境为归宿。

两人的诗歌合集,题名《抒情歌谣集》,于1798年出版。

两年后再版，华兹华斯加了一个长序，认为“所有的好诗都是强烈情感的自然流露”，主张诗人“选用人们真正用的语言”来写“普通生活里的事件和情境”，而反对以18世纪格雷为代表的“诗歌词藻”。

他进而论述诗和诗人的崇高地位,认为“诗是一切知识的开始和终结,它同人心一样不朽”，而诗人则是“人性的最坚强的保护者，是支持者和维护者。

他所到之处都播下人的情谊和爱”。

这一理论有足够的实践作为支持。

华兹华斯的`小诗清新,长诗清新而又深刻，他的十四行诗雄奇,他的《序曲》(1805)首创用韵文来写自传式的“一个诗人的心灵的成长”，无论在内容和艺术上都开了一代新风。

柯尔律治另有特长。

他的《古舟子咏》(1798)借用了一个充满了奇幻之美的航海故事，探索了罪和赎罪的问题；他的短诗《忽必烈□》(1816)发掘了诗的音乐美和人心的联想作用；他的理论着作《文学传记》(1817)吸收了德国哲学家谢林的论点，对浪漫主义诗歌的特色，尤其是想象力在诗歌创作中的重要作用，作了精辟的论述，使他成为英国文学批评史上最敏锐的理论家之一。

然而这两人的诗才在短期的闪耀之后相继熄灭了，另一代诗人在1815年左右起来，把浪漫主义诗歌带进了更广阔的境界。

拜伦、雪莱、济慈三人各有特色，但是都忠于法国革命的理想。

(完整word版)英国文学史及选读2-知识总结

以下为英国文学史第二册的知识点总结个别知识点会有错误或者遗漏请在复习的时候自主补充愿大家都能取得好成绩———VictoriaJPart V The Romantic PeriodThe romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s <Lyrical Ballads>, and end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death. Wordsworth华兹华斯Coleridge 柯尔律治Southey 骚塞The Lake Poets1.William Wordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850Poet Laureate（桂冠诗人）a leader of the romantic movement in England.①Lyrical Ballads 《抒情歌谣集》(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge)It marked the beginning of the Romantic revival in England(1)This is a joint work of Wordsworth and his friend Coleridge.(2)The publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798 marks the beginning of the RomanticMovement in England.(3)It begins with Coleridge’s long poem “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”(“古舟子咏”; “老水手之行”)and ends with Wordsworth’s “Tintern Abbey”(“丁登寺”).(4)Many of the subjects of these poems deal with elements of nature such as birds,daffodils and simple rural folk.(5)The majority of poems in this collection were written by Wordsworth.The poems in Lyrical Ballads are characterized by a sympathy with the poor, simple peasants, a passionate love of nature and the simplicity and purity of the language.(6) Some of the best poems in the collection are:“Lines Written in Early Spring”(“早春诗行”),“The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” (“古舟子咏”; “老水手之行”)“Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey” (“丁登寺”).②Lucy Poems 《露西组诗》③“I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud” “独自漫游似浮云”=“The Daffodils”“水仙”Theme: 1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength and knowledge full of peace”2. It is bliss to recall the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.Comment: The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poets philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.④“The Solitary Reaper”“孤独的收割者”⑤The Prelude 《序曲》or Growth of a Poet’s Mind⑥The Excursion 《远足》《漫游》Wordsworth’s Principles of Poetry（feelings，commonplace things，the real language of man and deliberate simplicity，inner self, changed the ordinary speech of the language → return to nature.）2.George Gordon Byron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~18241)Hours of Idleness 《闲暇时刻》《消闲时光》dealing with childish recollections andearly friendship, showing the influence of 18th century traditions。

英国文学知识点总结

莎士比亚莎士比亚（W. William Shakespeare；1564～1616）英国文艺复兴时期伟大的剧作家、诗人，欧洲文艺复兴时期人文主义文学的集大成者。

莎士比亚的代表作有四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》(英：Hamlet)、《奥赛罗》（英：Othello)、《李尔王》（英：King Lear）、《麦克白》（英：Mac Beth）。

著名喜剧：《仲夏夜之梦》《威尼斯商人》《第十二夜》《皆大欢喜》（《As you like it》）。

历史剧：《亨利四世》《亨利五世》《查理二世》。

正剧：《罗密欧与朱丽叶》。

还写过154首十四行诗，二首长诗。

本·琼森称他为“时代的灵魂”，马克思称他和古希腊的埃斯库罗斯为“人类最伟大的戏剧天才”。

虽然莎士比亚只用英文写作，但他却是世界著名作家。

他的大部分作品都已被译成多种文字，其剧作也在许多国家上演。

儒略历1616年4月23日（公历1616年5月3日）病逝，出生日期与逝世日期恰好相同。

莎士比亚和意大利著名数学家、物理学家、天文学家和哲学家、近代实验科学的先驱者伽利略同一年出生。

被人们尊称为“莎翁”。

The course of true love never did run smooth. (A Midsummer Night’s Dream 1.1)真爱无坦途。

——《仲夏夜之梦》/真诚的爱情之路永不会是平坦的。

Things base and vile, holding no quantity, love can transpose to from and dignity: love looks not with the eyes, but with mind. (A Midsummer Night’s Dream 1.1)卑贱和劣行在爱情看来都不算数，都可以被转化成美满和庄严：爱情不用眼睛辨别，而是用心灵来判断/爱用的不是眼睛，而是心。

——《仲夏夜之梦》Lord, what fools these mortals be! (A Midsummer N ight’s Dream 3.2)上帝呀，这些凡人怎么都是十足的傻瓜！——《仲夏夜之梦》The lunatic, the lover and the poet are of imagination all compact. (A Midsummer Night’s Dream 5.1)疯子、情人、诗人都是想象的产儿。

word完整版最全面英国文学史知识点总结推荐文档

word完整版最全面英国文学史知识点总结推荐文档英国文学史I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.Artistic features:1. Using alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound （头韵）Some examples on P52. Using metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1340~1400（首创"双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。

约翰?德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为"英国诗歌之父”。

代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。

）The father of English poetry.writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.① 坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use ‘ heroic couplet'（双韵体）by middle English② 特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③ 声誉之宫Medieval Ages ' popular Literary form: Romance（传奇故事）Famous three：King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissanee -rebirth or revival:1. new discoveries in geography and astrology2. the religious reformation and economic expansion3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.1. Edmu nd Spe nser 埃德蒙?斯宾塞1552~1599(后人称之为 "诗人的诗人” 。

新编英国文学选读知识点梳理

新编英国文学选读知识点梳理摘要：一、概述新编英国文学选读的重要性二、整理新编英国文学选读的主要知识点1.早期英国文学概述2.英国文艺复兴时期文学3.英国浪漫主义时期文学4.维多利亚时期文学5.20世纪英国文学6.当代英国文学三、分析历年考试试题类型及应对策略四、提供学习建议和考试技巧正文：一、概述新编英国文学选读的重要性新编英国文学选读作为一门高校英语专业课程，旨在帮助学生深入理解英国文学的发展脉络，掌握各个时期的重要作家和作品。

通过学习新编英国文学选读，学生能够丰富自己的文学素养，提高英语阅读和分析能力。

二、整理新编英国文学选读的主要知识点1.早期英国文学概述：包括早期英国文学的起源、盎格鲁-撒克逊时期、诺曼征服后的英国文学等。

2.英国文艺复兴时期文学：介绍莎士比亚、斯宾塞、马洛等著名作家，以及他们的代表作品。

3.英国浪漫主义时期文学：分析华兹华斯、骚塞、拜伦、雪莱等诗人的创作特点和作品。

4.维多利亚时期文学：探讨狄更斯、萨克雷、特罗洛普等现实主义作家的社会批判精神。

5.20世纪英国文学：涵盖叶芝、艾略特、乔伊斯等现代主义作家的创新表现。

6.当代英国文学：关注贝克特、品特、石黑一雄等后现代主义作家的实验性创作。

三、分析历年考试试题类型及应对策略历年考试试题主要以选择题、填空题、简答题和论述题为主。

针对不同题型，学生应掌握以下策略：1.选择题：熟练掌握各个时期作家的代表作品、风格特点、生平事迹等基本知识。

2.填空题：对重要作品的主题、情节、人物关系等细节有深入了解。

3.简答题：能够概括作者的创作背景、文学地位和作品的主题思想。

4.论述题：具备对文学作品进行深入分析、评价的能力，并能结合社会历史背景进行探讨。

四、提供学习建议和考试技巧1.制定学习计划：合理安排学习时间，确保系统地学习每个时期的文学知识。

2.积累资料：整理历年考试试题，归纳总结出高频考点和易错点。

3.加强练习：多做模拟试题，提高自己的应试能力和文学分析能力。

英国文学笔记整理

英国文学笔记整理【Chapter 1】The Anglo-Saxon Period (450 - 1066)1.Norman Conquest ，10662.Beowulf has 3183 lines, 两个国家：the Danes, the Geats形式：alliterative verse / head rhyme 头韵【Chapter 3】The Age of Chaucer (1350-1400)1.Historical backgroundChaucer and William Langland and the writer of Sir Gawain were contemporaries.But he deserves a period of his own.Two historical events which their influence can be detected in the writings of Chaucer andLangland: The Hundred Years’ War from the reign of Edward III (1327-1377) to the reign of Henry VI (1421-1471), or from 1337-1453; the peasant uprising of 1381, the reign of King Richard II.The French language was gradually replaced by the native tongue.William Langland and another writer John Wycliff expressed people’s hatred for the church and the government.2.John Wycliff 约翰·威克里夫One of the first figures who demanded to reform the church.Translated the Bible into standard English. Fixed a national standard for English prose to replace various dialects. Father of English prose.3.William Langland威廉·兰格伦作品：Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》, or The Vision of Piers Plowman, another alliterative poem besides Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Giving a realistic picture of the 14th centuryEngland.The form of allegory, a story or description in which the characters and events symbolize some deeper underlying meaning, and serve to spread moral teaching. An allegory has a double meaning. A primary or surface meaning, and a secondary meaning, or underlying meaning. In an allegory, abstract qualities or ideas, such as patience, purity or truth, are personified as characters in the story.4.Geoffrey Chaucer 乔叟Died on Oct 25, 1400, buried in the Poet’s Corner in Westminster Abbey.Works divided into 3 periods, corresponding to the 3 periods of his life.(1) 1360-1372, wrote under the influence of the French literature, even translated French poems himself. Poem The Book of the Duchess, much of conventional romance elements in it.(2) 1372-1386, under the influence of the Italian literature. Troilus and Cryseyde, adapted from a long poem by Boccaccio （薄伽丘）, the writer of The Decameron《十日谈》. The Parliament of Fowls and The House of Fame.(3) the last 15 years of his life. The Canterbury Tales between 1387 and 1400. A general prologue and 24 tales that are connected by “links”.（本该有120个故事，只完成了24个）The Canterbury Tales is written in London dialectThere are 31 people in total （算上乔叟和店主）The prologue and most of the tales are written in heroic couplet（英雄双韵体）, i.e. ,a pair of rhyming iambic pentameter （五音步抑扬格）lines.The significance of The Canterbury Tales:(1)A comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s time. Theyrepresent the whole range of 14th century society except the very top and the very bottom. All persons connected with the church are drown with touches of gentle irony and mild satire, with the exception of the poor parson. It should be noted that each character is not only a typical representative of the class to which he or she belongs, but also has an individual character of his or her own.(2)The dramatic structure of the poem has been highly commended by critics. This kind of a collection of tales put together was not rare in history. For example, Boccacio’s The Decameron. But in The Decameron stories are loosely connected and there is no relation between the story and the story teller. In The Canterbury Tales, stories are cleverly woven together by links between the stories. Most of the stories are related to the personalities of the tellers.(3)Chaucer’s humour: Humour is a characte ristic feature of the English literature. Although he was associated with proud and important personages at court he must always have been conscious of the fact that he did not belong to that society. This explains his gentle satire and mild irony. But his satire can be the bitterest in the portrayal of the pardoner and the summoner.(4)Chaucer’s contribution to the English language: Ever since the Norman conquest, the French language was the language of the court and the upper classes, and Latin was the language of the learned and the church. Chaucer wrote in the London dialect of his day, which he handled dexterously. He proved that the English language is a beautiful language and can be easily handled to express different moods. In so doing, Chaucer greatly increased the prestige of the English language.【Chapter 4】The Fifteenth Century (1400-1550)Historical events:1.The Hundred Year’s War2.The War of the Roses (1455-1485)The War of the Roses, or the Thirty Years’ War, was a series of civil wars fought between the two great families, both of which claimed the right to the English throne.The House of Lancaster →red rose The House of York →white rose3.The discovery of America and the new sea routes4.Reformation of the ChurchPopular BalladsIn the field of literature, folk literature, especially ballads, became an important feature in the 15th century. A ballad is a narration poem that tells a story.★Basic characteristics:1.The beginning is often abrupt.2.There are strong dramatic elements.3.The story is often told through dialogue and action.4.The theme is often tragic, though there are a number of comic ballads.5.※It contains four-line stanzas. The odd numbered lines have four feet each and the even numbered lines have three feet each. Rhymes fall on the even numbered lines. And there is often a refrain at the end of each stanza.Of special significance are the Robin Hood Ballads.Sir Thomas MalorySir Thomas Malory, the author of The Death of Arthur（亚瑟王之死），was important in the fact that it was he who finally compiled together the stories of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table which were scattered in a number of Frenchromances and made great contribution to the development of English prose.It is interesting to note that Robin Hood and King Arthur were both revived at a time when the medieval spirit of chivalry was dying fast and the feudal order was rapidly becoming a thing of the past.Early English PlaysIn ancient Greece and Rome, drama was one of the most popular forms of entertainment. But the Roman Catholic Church prohibited dramatic performances. It was not until the 9th and the 10th centuries that the Catholic Church allowed some of dramatic performance to be used as part of religious services. For example, on Christmas the clergymen would put on a liturgy（礼拜仪式）of the birth of Christ. By the 14th century, the liturgy had developed into mystery plays and miracle plays.mystery plays →based on stories from the Biblemiracle plays →based on the lives of Christian saints【Chapter 5】The English Renaissance (1550-1642)HumanismRenaissance began in the 14th century in Italy and later spread to France, Spain, the Netherlands, and England. It’s ideal was humanism. Renaissance is a French word which means “rebirth” in English.★★★1.With the spreading of the Greek and Roman culture, there appeared a number of humanist scholars who took great interest in the welfare of human beings.2.According to them, it was against human nature to sacrifice the happiness of his life for an after life.3.They argued that man should be given full freedom toenrich their intellectual and emotional life.4.In religion, they demanded the reformation of the church.5.In art and literature, instead of singing praise to God, they sang in praise of man and of the pursuit of happiness in this life.6.Humanism shattered the shackles of spiritual bondage of man’s mind by the Roman Catholic Church and opened his eyes to “a brave new world” in front of him.Edmund SpenserSpenser’s first important work is The Shephearde’s Calender（牧羊人日记）, a pastoral poem in 12 parts, one for each month of the year.His major achievement, The Faerie Queen, is an unfinished allegorical romance. According to Spenser’s original plan there should be 12 books, each telling the adventures of one of the 12 knights despatched by the Faerie Queen, Gloria, who represents Glory and Queen Elizabeth in particular. However, Spenser only completed 6 of the books, in which the six virtues of Truth, Temperance, Friendship, Justice, Chastity, and Coutesy are presented.Spenserian stanza:九行一节，前八行均为五音步抑扬格，第九行为六个音节The seven deadly sins: Pride（傲慢）,Wrath（暴怒）,Sloth （懒惰）,Greed（贪婪）,Envy（嫉妒）,Gluttony（暴食）, Lust（淫欲）Christopher MarloweChristopher Marlowe was the most prominent of the University Wits.His first play Tamburlaine the Great (1587)（帖木儿大帝）is about the story of Timur the Tartar(1336-1405). The central figure Tamburlaine represents the Renaissance desire for infinite powerand authority. He is not only ruthlessly cruel and brutal in punishing his enemies, but also violently passionate in love.The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus (1592)（浮士德博士的悲剧）,adapted from a popular old German legend, is sort of companion to Tamburlaine in reflecting the Renaissance desire for infinite knowledge. Tired with the scholastic study of the four subjects of Medieval knowledge, that is , Theology, Philosophy, Medicine, and Law, Dr.Faustus turns to magic book and signs a contract with the devil Mephistopheles. He sells his soul to the devil on the condition that the latter will satisfy every demand of his for a period of 24 years.As a dramatist, Marlowe has limitations. His plot construction is loose and his characters are merely embodiments （具体化）of ideas. But Marlowe is the only dramatist of the time who is ever compared with Shakespeare.Ben Jonson coined the phrase “Marlowe’s magic lines”. The blank verse（无韵诗）, i.e. , unrhymed iambic pentameter, used in his dramas, was the chief verse form used by Shakespeare.William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare wrote 37 plays in all during his life.Shakespeare’s writing career may be roughly divided into four stages.1.The early years were years of his apprenticeship, dating from 1592 to 1594.2.The second period is a period of rapid growth and development, dating from 1595 to 1600.3.The third period is a period of gloom and depression, dating from 1601 to 1608.4.The fourth period is a period of restored serenity, from 1608 to 1612.★★★Shakespeare’s achievements:1.Shakespeare represented the trend of history in giving voice to the desires and aspirations of the people.2.Shakespeare’s humanism: More important than his historical sense of his time, Shakespeare in his plays reflects the spirit of his age.3.Shakespeare’s characterization: Shakespeare was most successful in his characterization. In his plays, he described a great number of characters, ranging from kings to crowns, rascals, and grave-diggers; from lunatics to ghosts; from lovers to man-haters.4.Shakespeare’s originality: Shakespeare drew most of his materials from sources that were known to his audience. But his plays are original because he instilled into the old materials a new spirit that gives new life to his plays.5.Shakespeare as a great poet: Shakespeare was not only a great dramatist, but also a great poet. Apart from his sonnets and long poems, his dramas are poetry.6.Shakespeare as a master of the English language: It is estimated that he had a command of about 15,000 words. He was especially successful in handling the different meanings of the same word, or words having the same sound but different meanings.A sonnet （十四行诗）is a poem of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter with various rhyming schemes. Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets altogether in number. The 154 sonnets fall into two groups, divided at sonnet 126. The first group was addressed to a Mr. W. H.. The second group was addressed to a dark lady.The metrical form（韵律形式）of Shakespeare’s sonnets isdifferent from that of Petrarach’s（彼特拉克）. Italian Sonnet British SonnetOctave前八行abba abba （提出问题） 3 quatrains（四行诗）abab cdcd efefSestet 后六行cde cde （作出回答） a couplet（双行诗）gg【Chapter 6】The Seventeenth Century (1603-1688)Francis BaconThough Bacon was Shakespeare’s contemporary, he is generally regarded as the chief figure in English prose in the first half of the 17th century and his essays began the long tradition of the English essay in the history of English literature.As a philoso pher, Bacon is praised by Marx as “the progenitor of English materialism”（英国唯物主义的始祖）. because he stressed the importance of experience, or experiment, which is in direct opposition to the superstitution and scholasticism of the Middle Ages.Bacon’s 58 essa ys were publisher in 1625. They are the author’s reflections an comments, mostly on rather abstract subjects, such as “Of Truth”, “Of Friendship”, and “Of Riches”. They are known for their conciseness, brevity, simplicity, and forcefulness.Metaphysical Poets and Cavalier PoetsDuring the reign of Charles I, there were two schools of poets, metaphysical poets（玄学派诗人）and cavalier poets （骑士派诗人）.The main themes of the metaphysical poets are love, death, and religion. The chief representative of this school was John Donne.The cavaliers were royalists, whose poetry was marked by courtliness, urbanity, and polish. The chief representative of thecavaliers was Ben Jonson, who besides being a poet, was also a playwright.John Donne作品：Songs and Sonnets, a collection of his 55 love lyrics, was published after his death in 1633.Donne’s love lyrics may be classified into two groups. The poems of one group takes a negative attitude towards love, and those of the other group take a positive attitude towards love.John MiltonThe revolutionary enthusiasm of the bourgeois revolution （资产阶级革命）and the bitter hatred for the despotic ruler is best known in the works of John Milton.In 1665, after seven years’arduous labour in darkness, he finished Paradise Lost, which gave vent to his indignation against Charles II. The story of the epic is based on Genesis. The central theme of the poem deals with the Christian story of “ the fall of man ”. Evidently, the poet intended to write it as a epic and imitated the style of Homer’s epic.Milton’s purpose for writing Paradise Lost, as he puts it very clearly at the beginning of the poem, is to “assert eternal Providence and justify the ways of God to man.”There can hardly be any doubt that Milton’s own sentiments in the days of the Restoration are expressed in the powerful first speech made by Satan excerpted here. But it should be made clear that Milton as a Puritan did not have the least intention of making God a real tyrant to be hated and revenged upon. The rebellions speech by Satan was an outpouring of the poet’s personal hatred for the restored monarch at the time. On the whole, the characters o Satan and his followers are condemned in the epic.In the love between Adam and Eve, Milton voices his enthusiasm for humanistic elements.Characteristics of Milton’s style:1.The blank verse, i.e. , the unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter, is used throughout the epic and is characterized by its employment of long and involved sentences, which run on many lines with a variety of pauses, and achieving sometimes an oratorical and sometimes an elaborately logical effect. This richness of poetical style has frequently been called “Miltonic Style”./doc/975668172.html,ton’s style is also commonly said to be Latinate. Milton uses more elaborate patterns drawn from Latin. He is very fond of using inversion.3.Another characteristic of his style is the use of allusions to other works, especially the classic works.John BunyanAs Milton was the chief Puritan poet, so Bunyan was the chief puritan writer of prose.The Pilgrim’s Progress is written in the old fashioned medieval form of allegory and drama. The book opens with the author’s dream in which he sees a man “ with a book in his hand, and a great burden upon his back”. The man is Christian the Pilgrim, the book is the Bible, and the burden on his back is the weight of worldly cares and concerns. It tells how Christian starts his pilgrimage from his home to the Kingdom of Heaven, and of his experiences and adventures on his journey.The book’s most significant aspect is its satire, which without doubt is directed at the ruling classes. Especially well known is the description of the Vanity Fair. The punishment of Christian and Faithful for disdaining things in the Vanity Fair mayha ve its significance in alluding to Bunyan’s repeated arrests and imprisonment for preaching. After all, like Milton, Bunyan in his book is preaching his religious views. He satirizes his society which is full of vices that violate the teaching of the Christian religion. However, his Puritanism weakens the effect of his social satire by exhorting his readers to endure poverty with patience in order to seek the “ Celestial City ”. Besides, the use of allegory in most of his works makes his satirical pictures less direct and more difficult to see. His books are more often read as religions books than as piercing exposures of social evils.Bunyan is known for his simple and lively prose style. Everyday idiomatic expressions and biblical language enables him to narrate his story and reveal his ideas directly and in a straightforward way.【Chapter 7】The Eighteenth Century (1688-1798)Neo-classicism★★★The characteristics of neo-classicism:1.People emphasized reason rather than emotion, form rather than content.2.As reason was stressed, most of the writings of the age were didactic and satirical.3.As elegance, correctness, appropriateness and restraint were preferred, the poet found closed couplet the only possible verse form for serious work.4.It is almost exc lusively a “ town ” poetry, catering to the interests of the “ society ” in great cities.5.It is entirely wanting in all those elements that are related with the “ romantic ”.Daniel DefoeDaniel Defoe is known as a pioneer novelist of England, and also a prolific writer of books and pamphlets on a great variety of subjects.He never stopped his creative activities until at the age of 60, with the publication of Robinson Crusoe, a long imaginative literary masterpiece, he was finally recognized as a major English novelist. Robinson Crusoe is based on a real accident.In Moll Flanders, Defoe introduces, for the first time, a lowly woman as the subject of literature.Jonathan SwiftThe Battle of Books is a satire on the controversy among literary people concerning the values of the ancients and moderns.A Tale of the Tab is a satire on the various churches of his time.A Modest Proposal is a more bitter satire on the policy of the English government towards the Irish people.Swift’s masterpiece is Gulliver’s T ravels. The book contains four parts that deal with the four voyages of its hero to strange places. The form of travel literature was popular in his time as there were many books of voyage and travel. Among them were Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe.Alexander Pope。

(完整word版)英国文学选读知识总结

Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400）乔叟He was born in 1343 in London。

He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey，thus founding the “Poets Corner”。

The father of English Poetry and one of the greatest narrative poets of England。

“The Canterbury Tales” （1387—1400) It is Chaucer’s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature.Chaucer’s Contribution to English Literature Chaucer is regarded as the founder of English poetry and has been called “the founder of English realism.” He is the firs t great poet who wrote in the English language。

He introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the “heroic couplet” （英雄双韵体）to English poetry。

His masterpiece “The Canterbury Tales" is one of the monumental works in English literature 公爵夫人之书,百鸟议会，声誉之堂，特罗勒思和克里西德Structure of a poem: A poem can be broken down into three parts:(1）Stanza （节) : a group of lines set off from the other lines in a poem。