蚊、蝇、鼠和蟑螂密度监测

2009-2011年绵竹市蚊、蝇、鼠和蟑螂密度监测

魏清明，鲜红，周道兴，段丽华，欧燕，冯竞

[摘要]目的了解绵竹市蚊、蝇、鼠和蟑螂季节消长规律及种群构成，为制定防制对策，控制危害提供科学依据。方法蚊密度监测采用诱蚊灯法，蝇密度监测采用笼诱法，鼠密度监测采用夹夜法，蟑螂密度监测采用粘捕法。结果2009-2011年监测平均蚊密度1.22只/灯.小时，致倦库蚊为优势蚊种；平均蝇密度2.41只/笼, 家蝇为优势蝇种；平均鼠密度1.27%，四川短尾鼩为优势鼠种；平均蟑螂密度0.78只/张, 德国小蠊为优势种。蚊、蝇、蟑螂密度高峰在7-9月，鼠密度无明显季节高峰。不同年度鼠密度差异具有统计学意义，不同场所蚊、蟑螂密度差异具有统计学意义。结论近3年绵竹市蚊、蝇、鼠、蟑螂密度和种群构成无明显变化。

[关键词]蚊；蝇；鼠；蟑螂；密度

Density Monitoring of Mosquitoes, Flies, Mice and Cockroaches in Mianzhu, 2009-2011 WEI Qing-ming, XIAN Hong, ZHOU Dao-xing, DUAN Li-hua, OU Yan, FENG Jing Mianzhu Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mianzhu 618200, Sichuan

Province, China.

Abstract Objective To identify the density characteristics of mosquitoes, flies, mice and cockroaches in each season and their population composition, thus to provide scientific evidence for establishing prevention and control strategies. Methods Mosquito-trapping lamps were employed to for monitoring mosquito density, and successively: fly-trapping cage for fly density, clamp-biting for mouse density and glue-catching for cockroaches density. Results The mean mosquito density was 1.22/lamp/h, and Culex fatigans were the dominant ones; the mean fly density was 2.41/cage, and Musca domestica are the dominant ones; the mean mouse density was 1.27%, and Sichuan short-tailed shrew were the dominant ones; the mean cockroaches density was 0.78 /piece, and the blattella germanica were the dominant ones. The peak season for density of mosquitoes, flies and cockroaches were between July and September, while the mouse density had no evident season peaks. The mouse density differences among different years had statistical meanings, and the mosquito and cockroaches density differences among different places had statistical meanings. Conclusion During 2009-2011, there is no evident change in the “four injurious insects” density and population composition.

Key words mosquitoes; flies; mice; cockroaches; density; population composition ——————

作者单位：绵竹市疾病预防控制中心（四川绵竹 618200）

作者简介：魏清明，男，副主任医师，流行病学

病媒生物性传染病是人类共同面临的严峻挑战之一，随着全球气候变暖，城市化进程的加快，旅游和贸易的快速发展，生态环境的不断改变，病媒生物种类、密度和分布等可能发生变化。为及时掌握绵

竹市病媒生物种类、密度动态变化，为病媒生物性传染病风险评估提供可靠依据，以科学合理、及时有效地预防和控制病媒生物性传染病的发生和传播，根据《全国病媒生物监测方案（试行）》，2009-2011年对绵竹市“蚊、蝇、鼠、蟑螂密度进行了监测。

1 对象与方法

1.1 对象蚊、蝇、鼠及蟑螂密度监测及种群构成。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 蚊密度监测采用诱蚊灯法。选择居民区、公园、医院、农户、牲畜棚五类场所设监测点,于每年3-10月1次/月在每个监测点布诱蚊灯1只，每次诱捕成蚊12 h(晚上8：00点至次日上午8：00点)。捕获的蚊带回实验室进行鉴定、计数、记录，捕获的成蚊数即为密度。

1.2.2 蝇密度监测采用笼诱法，选择农贸市场、餐饮外环境、绿化带、居民区四类场所设监测点，于每年3-10月1次/月在每个监测点布放诱蝇笼1只，每次放置6 h（上午10：00～下午4：00），捕获的蝇带回实验室进行鉴定、计数、记录，捕获的蝇数即为密度指数。

1.2.3 鼠密度监测采用夹夜法，选择居民区、特殊场所、农村自然村三类场所设监测点，统一选用中型钢板夹，以卤肉为诱饵，晚放晨收。室内按每15 m2布夹1只，沿墙根均匀布放。室外每5 m布夹1只。居民区以外环境为主，特殊场所以室内环境为主，各种房间(厨房、库房等)兼顾，农村自然村室内外均匀布放。每月监测1次，布放鼠夹300只。每个监测点选择4个不同区域，按月轮换，3个月内不在同一区域布夹。