英语句型结构和从句讲解

英语句型结构和从句讲解

首先还是讲一下句子结构吧,了解了这个对分析长难句很有帮助,以前高考前老师也是这么教我们的,还有熟悉了这个你写作文会比较好用从句,检查的时候也比较容易发现错误

英语句子结构其实跟中文的有点像,主要有主语谓语宾语定语状语补语表语

一个最简单的句子至少有主语谓语这两部分例如I believe. (I是主语believe是谓语)

还有主系表（主语+系动词+表语，系动词是特殊的谓语啦，就是be的各种形态am are is was were那些再加上感官动词smells looks sounds 这类的）

例如It sounds good.这类的还有It is nice. 这里的nice 跟good 都是表语表语都是跟在系动词后面的不过我个人认为表语这个理解了就行没有多大用处纯粹是科普下

百度了一下五个基本句型:

Ⅰ.主语+动词(SV)

Everybody laughed. 大家都笑了。

Ⅱ.主语+动词+补语 (SVC)

His eyes are blue. 他的眼睛是蓝色的。

Ⅲ.主语+动词+宾语 (SVO)

I love apples. 我喜欢苹果。

Ⅳ.主语+动词+宾语+宾语(SVOO)

I gave him my address. 我告诉他我的地址。Ⅴ.主语+动词+宾语+补语(SVOC)

I found the box empty. 我发现盒子是空的。

然后句子复杂点的话就多了定、状、补（不一定三个都有的，可以根据情况加一个两个或者三个都加）

定语通常都是修饰名词的,所以主要是形容词,但也不一定,还可以是名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等

例如: She is a student in No.7 Middle School. 黄底部分就是定语,修饰student

状语,顾名思义就是表示一个状态, 说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等,一般是由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语例如: She speaks English very well. very是程度副词，用来修饰well。very well是修饰speak的程度状语。

She left ten minutes ago. Ten minutes ago就是时间状语

补语主要是宾语补足语就是常说的宾补这个全靠个人领会,我不会解释

例如She helps me to learn English.

She made me angry.

所谓的从句就是在这部分上用一个句子来表达的,我是这么理解的,对不对我就不知道了

下面那些主要百度,部分手打补充

1.主语从句

1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：

*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...

*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...

*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...

*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...

It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.

It seems that the performance is very useful.

2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。

What we lack is experience.

3)what, who, when, why, whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。

How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.

I did know why I felt like crying.

(黄底那部分就是从句的部分,就是把主语那部分用一个句子表示)

2.宾语从句

1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。

*I promised that I would change the situation. *All this is different from what American young

people would say about friendship.

*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.

*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.

2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。

He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.

3)在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。He didn't think that the money was well spent. (其实我觉得这个原理跟主语从句差不多,就是一个是主语用句子来说一个是宾语用句子来表达)

3.表语从句

表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that, what, when, why, whether, how等引导外，还可由because, as