最新unit_1--新西方托福听力课件[最新]教学讲义ppt
托福听力第一次课课件
目的主旨题
提问方式：
• Why does the student visit the professor? • Why does the student visit the registrar’s office? • Why did the professor ask to see the student? • Why does the professor explain X?
内容主旨题
提问方式：
• What are the speakers mainly discussing? • What is the main topic of the lecture? • What is the lecture mainly about? • What aspect of X does the professor mainly discuss?
托福听力三座大山
• 听不到：四六级单词，逐句听写 • 听不清：跟读模仿
– VOA special，老托 – 真题 – SSS
• 听不懂：学科单词
托福听力三座大山
记不住
• 记什么 • 怎么记：简单快速，有意义
– 实词 – 竖着记 – 符号，缩写，中文
托福听力三座大山
做不对
• 掌握题型
没பைடு நூலகம்见的坚决不选！
>内 容 结 构 >细 节
目 的
主要题型
• 主旨题 • 细节题 • 目的题 • 态度题 • 组织题 • 推断题
> 50% 捕捉原文
（含重听题）
主旨题
内容主旨题 Gist-Content
• mainly • Lecture, 部分 Conversation
目的主旨题 Gist-Purpose
新托福听力课讲义
新托福听力基础班讲义新托福及听力的基本情况托福基础听力的主要内容：⏹新托福听力的基本情况⏹美语语音⏹托福特色场景词汇扩展⏹托福听力基本应试技巧⏹北美校园生活透视新托听力基本形式⏹新答题方式：隔间+电脑+耳机+笔记⏹ 2.答题程序：听读选不可跳跃旧托福：先读，后听，再选。
新托：1.耳机中出现所问题声音，画面上出现题干和相关场景图片。
2.听完整篇文章之前无法预读任何问题或选项。
只得先听，后读，再选。
考题依然延续机考托福的规则，不可看，不可逆，不可改。
⏹ 3.考察题型增多：单选多选图表是非排序⏹ 4.语音形式：美音为主流+国际口音⏹新托福基础听力基本范围北美大学真实课堂，教室内外的各种交流包括对话和讲座两种类型。
⏹共6篇，做题时间60-90分钟。
每篇在600字左右，时间为3-5分钟。
（注：托福基础课的任务之一即适应托福段子的长度）instructors’ office hours⏹对话人物：教授与学生；⏹对话地点：教师办公室；⏹对话内容可为学术讨论或有关询问课程等问题。
对话(2)service encounters 后勤服务⏹对话人物：学生与工作人员；⏹对话地点：校园某办公室；⏹对话内容：非学术的询问。
对话(3) student interactions⏹对话人物：学生甲乙；⏹对话地点：教室以外相遇；⏹对话内容：学术讨论；非学术讨论托福听力考试基本内容之讲座LECTURE内容:天文、地理、生物、历史等等也都是托福惯用的测试内容。
形式：有的是教授”独白“有的是教授演讲中夹杂学生提问、教授提问。
新托福听力新特点l．整个铲除了容易丢分的笔试小对话，没有过的的俚语俗语.举例：You bet. I am out of here.2. 允许考生记笔记。
因祸得福，既然要记笔记，语速自然放慢；特别是重听题，大概有2-3题，通常问Listen again and then answer the question “why does the professor say this？”4.新托福关键的难词和术语显示在屏幕上，使考生心里踏实不少。
托福听力讲义非常详细
新托福强化听力讲义新托福考试听力部分介绍1. 新托福和旧托福的对比2. 题量，时间，分数3. 题目的考查形式考场环境：独立电脑，耳机，铅笔，草稿本电脑环境：图片，视频，声音，板书新题型：双选题，重听题，表格配对题答题时间：总时间限制，每题分配时间不限答题流程：永不悔改4. 文章材料的考查形式文章结构：删除了旧托福的PART A 部分，更加注重于对于能力的考查 文章长度：比旧托福长文章语速：无所谓快慢，比旧托福更加贴近真实的学习生活文章类型：对话，独白，讨论CONVERSATION文章思路LECTURE文章思路5. 新托福考试题型概述6. 界面展示7. IBT新托福资料说明——听力部分托福听力中的九大语音问题1. 语速问题托福听力过程中的语速问题如何解决语速问题2. 连读问题托福听力过程中的连读问题（1）关键性词语出现连读：否定形式●not at all：The meeting yesterday wasn’t at all boring.（2）常用性词语出现连读●for him连读中的基本规则（1）辅音+元音连读●I was found on the ground by the fountain about a field of a summer stride.●Not at all.●Rush hour.●This dictionary is not exactly what I wanted but it will do.●Travel agency, travel agent（2）辅音+辅音连读●Some money, bike key（3）元音+元音连读●Be on time●An apple a day keeps the doctor away（4）H连读●I lent him a book.●Larry is taking a lot of art, isn’t he?●The stuff the nurse gave me seemed to have helped.●I must have left my keys at my sister’s house.●She learned to use the computer on her own.（5）其他特殊连读●【t】+【j】=【ch】：meet you, hurt you, that your●【d】+【j】=【dg】：would you, hand your, did you●【s】+【j】=【sh】：miss you, this year●【z】+【j】=【g】：as usual, because you●Example: won’t you, don’t you, didn’t you, haven’t you, hadn’t you, wouldn’t you,weren’t you, last year, next year, not yet, did you, had you, would you, I advice you, Iuse your, how’s your如何解决连读问题3. 失爆问题托福听力过程中的失爆问题：【p】，【b】，【t】，【d】，【k】，【g】任意两个连续出现就会发生失爆现象●Sit down, good night, friendly●-this calculator isn’t working right.-I think you’ve got the battery in upside down.如何解决失爆问题4. 略读问题托福听力过程中的略读问题：书写时将两个或多个相邻的单词省略某些字母而连接起来●I am = I’m, you have = you’ve, how is = how’s, that would = that’d●Doesn’t, didn’t, shouldn’t, hadn’t, hasn’t, wouldn’t, won’t●Official guide P199：OK. So we’ve talked about some different types of root systems of plants,and I’ve shown you some pretty cool slides, but now I want to talk about the extent of the rot system- the overall size of the root system…the depth.如何解决略读问题●I’m, you’re, she’s, they’re, there’s, he’s, who’s●We’ve, he’ll, she’d, she’ll, she’s, they’d, they’ve, they’ll●Can’t, weren’t, won’t, are n’t, wouldn’t, shouldn’t●Gotta, gonna5. 弱读问题托福听力过程中的弱读问题（1）介词弱化：●stay at home, do it for fun, come from China, go in the house, a cup of coffee, the trainto Paris（2）代词弱化：●Phone us when you are free.●I’ve lost my book.（3）连词弱化：●Please give me some cream and sugar.●Either Tom or Peter can come.如何解决弱读问题6. 英美音差异问题托福听力过程中的英美音问题（1）【r】音问题●Idea, really●They weren’t at the dorm last night.(A) They went to the dormitory.(B) They didn’t go to the dormitory.●-The snow is really coming down, isn’t it?-Rarely do we have so much snow in December.-What does the man mean?(A) it is typical December weather for this region.(B) such a large amount of snow is unusual for this month.（2）【o】【a:】●Glass, class, fast●Hot, box, rock（3）其他情况●Neither如何解决英美音问题●常见易混音：Course-cause, once more-one small, career-Korea, worse-was, bore-ball,door-doll, core-call, tear-tea, short-shot●不加儿化音的词：China, Australia, banana, wall●常见英美音不同读法：Neither, either, record, cupboard, cassette, garage, laboratory, adult,ordinary, secretary, dictionary7. 词性变音问题托福听力过程中的词性变音问题●Method- methodically●校园词汇的变音：meteorology, economics, geography如何解决词性变音问题8. Company-companion, library-librarian, geography-geographical, ignore-ignorant,photo-photographer-photographic, declare-declaration, economy-economic-economical, invite-invitation, technology-technological, type-typical缩写问题托福听力过程中的缩写问题●Sitcom●Chem lab●prof如何解决词性缩写问题●Intro. Course = introductory course 导论性课Demo = demonstration 演示●Memo = memorandum 备忘录Info. = Information 信息●Expo = exposition 博览会Chem.= chemistry 化学●Comm. = commerce 商业Tech = technology 技术●Ad.= advertisement 广告Dorm = dormitory 寝室●M.A. = Master of Arts 文学硕士M.S. = Master of Science 理学硕士● B.A. =Bachelor of Arts文学士 B.S. = Bachelor of Science理学士●alga = algebra 代数学、代数anat = anatomy 解剖学、解剖●archit = architecture 建筑学、建筑arith = arithmetic 算术、算术●astron = astronomy 天文学、天文eng = engineering工程学、工程●electr = electricity电学、电fin = finance财政学、财政●geol = geology地质学、地质geom = geometry几何学、几何●gram = grammar文法hist = history历史、史●ling = linguistics语言学、语言maths = mathematics数学、数学●mech = mechanics 机械学、机械med = medical医学、医●met = meteorology气象学、气象myth = mythology 神话●phil = philosophy哲学phon = phonetics 语言学、语言●photo = photography摄影术、摄影phys = physics物理学、物理●physiol = physiology生理学、生理pol = politics政治学、政治●psych = psychology心理学、心理9. 数字问题托福听力过程中的数字问题●逗号原则●1,234,567,890:新托福听力记笔记NOTE TAKING记笔记的两种形式符号●＞: surpass, exceed●＜:less than●＝: equal to, the same as●≠: difference●↑: increase, promote, enhance, improve●↓: decrease, fall, worsen●＋: plus, add, besides, moreover●－: minus, deduct, except●→: result in, lead to●←: originate from, date back to●√: correct, good, positive, affirmative●×: wrong, bad, mistaken, negative●☆: outstanding, elite●∵: because, owing to, thanks to, since, as●∴: therefore, consequently, as a result, so, hence●∑: total, amount●γ: government缩写●able?BL: PRBL，RSBL，DBL●ing?G: SHPG●tion?N: OPTN，NAN●ment?T: AGRMT●ize?Z: RCGNZ，OGNZ●tive?TV: EFCTV，●ful?FL: SCFL●less?LS: RGDLS●ent/ant?T: URGT●al/ial?L: ARVL练习Sample Script:American universities have been offering classes online through computers for a number of years.Now, some newly created colleges are offering academic degrees online. One university offers both bach elor’s degrees and master’s degrees. Official say they try to provide students with a social experience as well as an educational one. For example, in some programs, groups of the same six students progress through all their classes together. They communicate by computer. Another online school uses a problem-solving method of teaching. Students attempt to solve real problems in their classes online instead of reading information.Students who have taken online classes say they like them because they do not have to travel to building at a set time to listen to a professor. Professors say they have better communication with students through e-mail notes than they do in many traditional classes.新托福听力文章套路1. 托福听力中的重点原则原则一：大写原则原则二：开头结尾原则：3T-2M原则原则三：重复原则原则四：转折对比原则原则五：强调原则原则六：比较原则原则七：建议原则原则八：举例原则原则九：现在原则原则十：解释原则原则十一：因果原则原则十二：观点态度原则原则十三：特殊问句原则2. 举例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 1——CONVERSATION3. 举例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 2——LECTURE新托福听力场景汇总之CONVERSATION篇新托福听力场景汇总之CONVERSATION篇1. 课程相关事务场景场景特点：主要涉及到一些和课程相关事项的解决方法。
新托福强化听力讲义教学教材
Conversation 高频单词1作业extra credit assignment/project/homework / assignment sheetpresentation / thesis proposal 论文开题报告/essay /report / research / literature review读后感/ journal 学术杂志/ record / chart / info / senior researcher /fair share/ deadline/ drain排水/ junk mail / positive feedback2 课程•required course/curriculum课程表/lecture/class/ compulsory course, requirement必修的•optional/elective/selective/unrequired course选修课•introduction, introductory, intro初级•mid, medium level, intermediate中级•advanced高级•preliminary预备级•seminar / graduation form/ academic record/ field experience实习/heavy schedule/ course load课业负担重/ hammer courses on your own 锤炼•3 图书馆•library/study room→learning (resource) center / video library / inter-library loan service 馆际借阅服务•reference section/ reference stack参考书库/ electronic sources电子资源/ entertainment section•check out/ return/ fill out the form/a form to fill out / extended borrowing privileges 延长的借阅优先•4 论文•Paper/ topic/ material /dissertation / a draft version/ first draft 第一稿•bibliography 参考书目录/ citation 引用/ plagiarism 作弊•display the abstract摘要/ summary总结/ narrow…down / access /electronic sources 电子资源•published/ unpublished data / bulletin board 布告栏•5 考试Exam/ mid-term exam /final exam / quiz /pop quiz /grade / score /pass /passing grade /failing grade /GPA / make up exam /cheat语言标记•Discourse Markers•Introducing•In my talk today•My topic today is•Today, we are going to discuss •Today, I’ll go over•The purpose of my talk today is•Today we are going to look at•Giving background Information•It is clear•It goes without saying•It is understood•As we know•As we have all read•Defining•X can be defined as•X is known as•X is a type of•X is actually•Just what is meant by•Listing•First•First and foremost•Next•Another•To begin with•Second•The next point I’d like to cover•finally•Showing a connection•Pertaining to in connection with•Classifying•There are X types/ categories/ varieties of •X can be divided into•Giving examples•For example•For instance•X is a case in point•Take X for instance•Take X, for example•The following are some common examples •Let me give you some specific examples •Emphasizing•The crucial point•I’d like to emphasize•We should bear in mind that •Fundamentally•I want to stress•Furthermore•What’s more•This goes to show that•In effect•Least we forget•It is worth mentioning that•It follows, then•Clarifying•In other words•That is to say•Basically•If we put it another way•i.e.•What I mean to say is•Let me put it anther way •Parenthetically speaking Shifting subtopics •Now•All right•OK•Let’s now look at it•Now, I’d like to turn to•The next point I’d like to focus on •Moving on•All that aside•In this respect•Giving further information•In addition•Furthermore•Another point•Moreover•Not only…but also•Also•On top of that•As well•Giving contrast information•Although•However•On the other hand•Whereas•Despite•nevertheless•Giving an opinion•As far as I’m concerned•In my opinion•If it were up to me•According to•If you ask me•In my mind•Setting parameters•In terms of in the scope of •Digressing•By the way•Before I forget•Incidentally•Concluding•We’ve seen that•In conclusion, I’d like to•In short•To sum up•Let me end by saying•Any question?•All in all•Commonly Used Expression• A point of contention•After all is said and done•All the more•And so on• A cross purpose•At the onset•Back and forth•Foot the bill•Get a grasp of•Get the ball rolling•Subject of disagreement•After all debate is finished•Even more•Etcetera•In contradiction to each other’s intent •At the beginning•Going and returning•Pay all•To understand•start•Give rise to•Hardly the case•In a fix•In a nutshell•Instead of•It’s all or nothing•It’s all very well and good •Miss the point•No matter•On the condition•Owing to•Part and parcel of•Cause•Not the situation at all•In a bad or difficult situation •Here is the basic point•Rather than•Completely or not at all•There is nothing wrong with •Not understand•It really isn’t important•If/ depending on•Due to• A necessary and important element •Poke holes in•Practically speaking•Slowly but surely•Stem from•Supposing that•That isn’t to say•The upshot of•Turning point•When it comes down to it•With the aim of•Without regard to•Wrap up•Under no circumstances•Find something wrong with •Talking common sense•Done carefully over time •Come from•What if•It doesn’t mean•The consequence or result•An important point of change in direction or meaning •The truth is•Having the goal of•Ignoring•Finishnot for any reasonIdiomsCastles in the sky/ air 空中楼阁As clear as a bell 非常清楚Come to terms 清楚误会Shed crocodile tears 假慈悲Cut corners 走捷径Do’s and don’t’s 行为规范Face the music 面对现实First things first 先说重要的Forgive and forget 握手言和Get the ball rolling 使蓬勃发展A knockout 引人注目A rainy day 不如意的日子All thumbs 笨手笨脚的一窍不通的Ants in one’s pants (skirts) 坐立不安At one’s finger’s tips 了如指掌Backseat driver 指手画脚的人Blow one’s top 怒发冲冠Break the ice 打破僵局、沉默Bring down the house 掌声雷动的Buy your story 相信你的话Call it a day 今天到此为止Daylight robbery 价钱贵的离谱Dirty dog 卑鄙小人Flat tire 没精打采From A to Z 从头到尾God knows 天晓得Gone with the wind 随风而逝Good for nothing 毫无用处的Happy go luck 乐天派Have a big mouth 话多的人Have it both ways 权衡两方面Have time off 休假Hit of the show 表演中最精彩的一幕Hit the high spots 达到高水准Hold one’s tongue 保持沉默In hot water 遇到麻烦In the hole 遇到经济困难In the long run 从长远看In the soap 遇到麻烦Keep punching 继续努力Kick off 开始干某事Kill two birds with one stone 一石二鸟Knock it off 别再讲下去了Let nature take its course 顺其自然Like a cat on hot bricks 热锅上的蚂蚁Like a turtle in its back 对事情束手无策Lousy cliché陈词滥调Master key 万能钥匙关键No sweat 没问题不用冒汗No money, no honey 没钱就没爱情Odds and ends 零碎的工作Off color 身体不爽On pins and needles 如坐针毡的Once in a blue moon 机会难得的绝无仅有Pain in the neck 极讨厌的人或物Pipe course 容易的课程或工作Pull a long face 拉长脸不悦Put sb.in the ring 和某人赛一场Rain or shine 不论晴雨Row in one boat 从事相同事业相同命运Royal road 容易取得成功的捷径Run of the town 轰动一时的人Salt of the earth/ world 社会中坚Second sight 超人的预见力Side money 外快Slowly but surely 稳扎稳打Speak the same language 志同道合Spill the beans 露马脚Stand on one’s own feet 独立自主Stay out of other people’s business 置身事外Step on one’s toes 触怒某人Sugar report 情书Sunday dress 最好的衣服Take it or leave it 别讨价还价Take things as they come 既来之则安之Talk big 讲大话Talk of the town 非常流行的东西Talk through one’s nose 骄傲自大Tall story 难以置信的故事Be the spirit 真有道理Throw cold water on 泼冷水Turn the tables 翻盘扭转局势Under the sun 世界任何地方Walking dictionary 知识渊博的人Welcome to the party 现在你总算懂了What’s the catch? 你这是什么意思When in Rome do as the Romans do入乡随俗White lie 善意的谎言With open arms 热烈欢迎Without fail 一定Got me there 难住我了Stick with sb 紧跟着某人Take a rain check 改天吧Lost count 弄不清楚Be in another world 精神恍惚Save your breath 别白费口舌了Make sense 有意义理解Burn a hole in one’s pocket 很快花光File one’s shoes 很好的顶替Is ice cold 理所当然的Look for a needle in a hay stack 大海捞针Meet each other half way 相互妥协让步On the dot 准时正点Once and for all 最后一次干脆Play by ear 随机应变Ring a bell 令人想起某事听起来耳熟Share a common outlook 有共同观点Six of one and half-a-dozen of the other半斤八两Stick around 在附近逗留或等待Stick with 继续做坚持Straighten out 扯平结清Turn one’s back 别人困难时不愿帮助Under the weather 身体不适生病Bite off more than one can chew 不自量力Break new ground 创新Do the trick 做成功达到理想效果Draw the line 拒绝拒不容忍Feel down in the dumps 心情不好情绪低落Keep between the two of us 保密Know a thing or two about 略知一二Leave no stone unturned 不遗余力On cloud nine 非常幸福On the tip of one’s tongue 就在嘴边Reach the bottom of the barrel 弹尽粮绝Up in the air 尚未决定悬而未决Wear and tear 磨损消耗With flying colors 大获全胜Get off on the wrong foot 开始就不顺利Get on someone’s nerves 使人不安Give someone a break 不要去管饶了某人Head and shoulders above 某方面强于某人In the red 赤字In the dark 一无所知A breath of fresh airBe all ears 洗耳恭听Be all eyes 目不转睛Sell like hot cakes 畅销Get butterflies in one’s stomach 紧张不安Two thumbs up 双手赞成Pull one’s leg 开某人玩笑Break one’s back 辛勤工作Twenty-four seven 永远一直Bucket down 瓢泼大雨Backroom boys 幕后英雄Beyond compare 绝佳的最棒的Break even 不赔不赚By the book 照章办事Cast a cloud over 泼冷水蒙上阴影Put oneself together 加把劲Suit me fine 太适合我了Time will tell 时间会证明一切Same old story 又是那一套Boys will be boys 本性难移Be Greek to sb. 某人完全不懂Couch potato 整天呆在沙发上看电视Wait on hand and foot 招待的无微不至Waste one’s breath 白费口舌Weigh one’s word 斟字酌句Wheels within wheels 错综复杂之理由Win a name 出名Wishful thinking 如意算盘Ups and downs 有喜有悲Under one’s breath 轻声细语Under one’s thumb 在某人支配下Turn the clock back 时光倒转Turn a deaf ear 不加理睬That’s that 就此而已Shoulder to shoulder 齐心协力See the world 见多识广Second to none 最佳的Second thoughts 从新考虑Read between the lines 明白言外之意Over and down with到此结束Grain ground 有进展Break a leg 大获全胜火山(volcano)1、分类周期eruption cycle：active volcano / extinct(ive) volcano/ dormant volcano强度eruption intensity: shield volcano 盾状火山周期短，强度小/compositevolcano 复式火山周期长，强度大2、灾害earthquake 地震landslide 滑坡mudslide 泥石流avalanche 雪崩(e.g. Cascade Mountain 终年低温，常年积雪) kill creatures ash steam/ash cloud/volcanic ash→pollution山形成方式plates crushing/collisiontectonic platevolcanic activity/Ring of Fire年龄以及分布地理位置记字头Alps, Rockies, Andes, Cascades, St. Helens, Appalachians湖咸淡对比表格Freshwater lake=Sweetwater lake 淡水湖Saltwater lake 咸水湖E.g. Great Lakes (Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie, Ontario) Great Salt Lake对比：1、地理位置2、density 密度3、contraction 盐度4、为什么咸水湖咸，什么导致的，以前也这么咸么？Saltwater lake→evolution5、evaporation/no outlet6、ecology (wetland)7、climate8、environment海(ocean) oceanic current 洋流(ocean) volcanic island erode侵蚀lagoon泻湖coral reef/atoll 珊瑚礁/环礁矿（石、洞）Chemical elements 元素oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, silicon, iron, calcium, sodium, carbon, potassiummagnesium, oxide, titanium, methane, monoxide, dioxide, trioxide, peroxide,sulfur, amino, choleric, aluminumrock igneous rock 火山岩，岩浆岩成因：lava/magma→cool downsedimentary rock 沉积岩，水成岩成因：eroded by water/oceanmetamorphic rock 变质岩成因：heat + tensioncave solution cave 酸溶洞formed by mild/weak acidlava cave 熔岩洞during/after volcanic eruptionsea cave 海蚀洞eroded by sea water冰川(glacier)1、structure 构造特点ice sheet/layer 冰层ice cap 冰盖ice bottom 冰底2、formation 形成formation condition 形成条件①precipitate/rainfall/rain 下雨②turn in to ice accumulated③conserved ice/ice fern 积雪=cumulative snow3、movement 运动①velocity 运动速度comparison XX和XX比较②location 在哪运动（ocean）③regular 规律4、process 形成过程表格题5、climate/environment/ecology地球构造crust 地壳mantle 地幔core地核↓↓tectonic plate 板块magma 岩浆（高温）1、the definition2、example 记住主题，位置，目的3、expert4、the relation——continental drift 大陆漂移5、process 考表格板块collision→ridge seduction zone——magna circle地质学（geology）是托福听力考试中的常见话题，是关于地球的物质组成、内部构造、外部特征、各层圈之间的相互作用和演变历史的知识体系，是研究地球本身的学科。
ppt for new century english unit 1book 2listening新世纪英语第一单元教案听力部分
Exercise One
Directions: Listen to the passage and decide whether the statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false.
1.Fitness helps you feel better but you have less time for leisure time. 2.Children and teens who are fit need more energy. 3.When you stay active and fit, you burn more calories. 4.Fitness lowers your risk for hear attack, diabetes, high blood pressure. 5.Fitness can keep your mind sharp.
write down the missing part in each sentence.
1. Do you still remember the day ________________________? 2. It occurred to Peter that _____________________________. 3. The water was so cold that __________________________. 4. Jack was the only person in his office __________________.
Exercise One
Directions: Listen to the dialogue and
托福听力ppt课件
02
托福听力技巧
Chapter
听力理解技巧
提前阅读选项
在播放音频之前，快速浏览问题 和选项，了解听力材料的大致内 容和问题类型。
抓住主题和结构
在听录音时，注意捕捉主题句和 结构，把握文章的整体框架和逻 辑关系。
理解细节和推理
对于细节信息和推理题，需要仔 细听并理解上下文语境，提炼出 关键信息和逻辑关系。
增加听力和口语练习
总结词：多听多练
详细描述：提高托福听力需要大量的练习，考生可以通过听英语电影、新闻、播 客等方式来提高听力水平。同时，加强口语练习也有助于提高听力水平，因为口 语和听力是相互关联的。建议考生参加英语角、模拟面试等活动来练习口语。
04
托福听力常见问题解答
Chapter
如何提高听力速度和理解能力？
语速问题
通过逐渐增加听力材料的播放速度， 提高对快速英语的理解能力。
如何克服听力中的注意力不集中问题？
集中注意力
在听力过程中，尽量保持高度集中，避免分散注意力，错过 重要信息。
练习专注
通过练习冥想、瑜伽等放松身心的活动，提高专注力和抗干 扰能力。
05
托福听力备考建议
Chapter
制定合理的备考计划
确定备考时间
根据个人情况，合理安排每天的备考时间，确保 充分复习。
制定学习计划
按照备考时间，将学习内容划分为不同的阶段， 明确每个阶段的学习目标。
分配复习重点
针对自己的薄弱环节，合理分配复习时间，提高 复习效率。
多听多练，提高听力和口语水平
增加听力训练
通过听英语新闻、电影、电视剧等，提高英语听力水平。
考试内容和题型
考试内容主要包括两个部分：讲座（Lecture）和对话（Conversation）。讲座涉及学术话题，如历史、生物、地理等，对话 则涉及日常生活中的场景和话题。
托福听力讲义_图文
新托福强化听力讲义新托福考试听力部分介绍1. 新托福和旧托福的对比2. 题量，时间，分数3. 题目的考查形式考场环境：独立电脑，耳机，铅笔，草稿本电脑环境：图片，视频，声音，板书新题型：双选题，重听题，表格配对题答题时间：总时间限制，每题分配时间不限答题流程：永不悔改4. 文章材料的考查形式文章结构：删除了旧托福的PART A 部分，更加注重于对于能力的考查文章长度：比旧托福长文章语速：无所谓快慢，比旧托福更加贴近真实的学习生活文章类型：对话，独白，讨论 CONVERSATION 文章思路LECTURE 文章思路第1页5. 新托福考试题型概述第2页第3页6. 界面展示第4页7. IBT 新托福资料说明——听力部分第5页托福听力中的九大语音问题1. 语速问题托福听力过程中的语速问题如何解决语速问题2. 连读问题托福听力过程中的连读问题（1）关键性词语出现连读：否定形式● not at all：The meeting yesterday wasn’t at all boring.（2）常用性词语出现连读● for him连读中的基本规则（1）辅音+元音连读● I was found on the ground by the fountain about a field of a summer stride. ● Not at all. ● Rush hour.● This dictionary is not exactly what I wanted but it will do. ● Travel agency, travel agent（2）辅音+辅音连读● So me money, bike key（3）元音+元音连读● Be on time（4） H 连读● I lent him a book.● Larry is taking a lot of art, isn’t he?● The stuff the nurse gave me seemed to have helped.● I must have left my keys at my sister’s house. ● She learned to use the computer on her own.（5）其他特殊连读● 【t 】+【j 】=【ch 】：meet you, hurt you, that your ● 【d 】+【j 】=【dg 】：would you, hand your, did you ● 【s 】+【j 】=【sh 】：miss you, this year ● 【z 】+【j 】=【g 】：as usual, because you● Example: won ’t you, don ’t you, didn ’t you, haven ’t you, hadn ’t you, wouldn ’t you,weren ’t you, last year, next year, not yet, did you, had you, would you, I advice you, I use your, how’s your如何解决连读问题3. 失爆问题托福听力过程中的失爆问题：【p 】，【b 】，【t 】，【d 】，【k 】，【g 】任意两个连续出现就会发生失爆现象● Sit down, good night, friendly ● -this ca lculator isn’t working right.-I think you’ve got the battery in upside down.如何解决失爆问题4. 略读问题托福听力过程中的略读问题：书写时将两个或多个相邻的单词省略某些字母而连接起来● I am = I’m, you have = you’ve, how is = how’s, that would = that’d ● Doesn ’t, didn’t, shouldn’t, hadn’t, hasn’t, wouldn’t, won’t● Official guide P199：OK. So we’ve talked about some different types of root systems of plants,and I’ve shown you some pretty cool slides, but now I want to talk about the extent of the rot system- the overall size of the root system…the depth.如何解决略读问题● I’m, you’re, she’s, they’re, there’s, he’s, who’s● We ’ve, he’ll, she’d, she’ll, she’s, they’d, they’ve, they’ll ● Can ’t, weren’t, won’t, aren’t, wouldn’t, shouldn’t ● Gotta, gonna5. 弱读问题托福听力过程中的弱读问题（1）介词弱化：● stay at home, do it for fun, come from China, go in the house, a cup of coffee, the train toParis（2）代词弱化：● Phone us when you are free. ● I’ve lost my book.（3）连词弱化：● Please give me some cream and sugar. ● Either Tom or Peter can come.如何解决弱读问题6. 英美音差异问题托福听力过程中的英美音问题（1）【r 】音问题● Idea, really● They weren’t at the dorm last night.(A They went to the dormitory. (B They didn’t go to the dormitory.● -The snow is really coming down, isn’t it?-Rarely do we have so much snow in December. -What does the man mean?(A it is typical December weather for this region.(B such a large amount of snow is unusual for this month.（2）【o 】【a:】● Glass, class, fast ● Hot, box, rock（3）其他情况● Neither如何解决英美音问题● 常见易混音：Course-cause, once more-one small, career-Korea, worse-was, bore-ball,door-doll, core-call, tear-tea, short-shot● 不加儿化音的词：China, Australia, banana, wall● 常见英美音不同读法：Neither, either, record, cupboard, cassette, garage, laboratory, adult,ordinarity, secretary, dictionary7. 词性变音问题托福听力过程中的词性变音问题● Method- methodically● 校园词汇的变音：meterology, economics, geography 如何解决词性变音问题● Company-companion, library-librarian, geography-geographical, ignore-ignorant,photo-photographer-photographic, declare-declaration, economy-economic-economical, invite-invitation, technology-technological, type-typical, wild-wildness8. 缩写问题托福听力过程中的缩写问题● Sitcom ● Chem lab ● prof如何解决词性缩写问题● Intro. Course = introductory course 导论性课 Demo = demonstration 演示Memo =memorandum 备忘录Info. = Information 信息 Expo = exposition 博览会Chem.= chemistry 化学 Comm. = commerce 商业 Tech = technology 技术 Ad.= advertisement 广告Dorm = dormitory 寝室 M.A. = Master of Arts 文学硕士 M.S. = Master of Science 理学硕士 B.A. =Bachelor of Arts文学士 B.S. = Bachelor of Science理学士alga = algebra 代数学、代数 anat = anatomy 解剖学、解剖 archit = architecture 建筑学、建筑 arith = arithmetic 算术、算术 astron= astronomy 天文学、天文eng = engineering工程学、工程 electr = electricity电学、电 fin = finance 财政学、财政 geol = geology 地质学、地质 geom = geometry 几何学、几何 gram = grammar 文法 hist = history历史、史 ling = linguistics语言学、语言 maths = mathematics数学、数学 mech = mechanics 机械学、机械 med = medical医学、医 met = meteorology气象学、气象 myth = mythology 神话 phil = philosophy哲学 phon = phonetics 语言学、语言 photo = photography摄影术、摄影phys = physics物理学、物理 physiol = physiology生理学、生理 pol = politics政治学、政治 psych = psychology心理学、心理9. 数字问题托福听力过程中的数字问题● 逗号原则● 1,234,567,890:● ＝: equal to, the same as ● ≠: difference● ↑: increase, promote, enhance, improve ● ↓: decrease, fall, worsen● ＋: plus, add, besides, moreover ● －: minus, deduct, except ● →: result in, lead to● ←: originate from, date back to● √: correct, good, positive, affirmative ● ×: wrong, bad, mistaken, negative ● ☆: outstanding, elite● ∵: because, owing to, thanks to, since, as● ∴: therefore, consequently, as a result, so, hence ● ∑: total, amount ● γ: government 缩写● able BL: PRB L， RSBL ，DBL ● ing G: SHPG ● tion N: OPTN，NAN ● ment T: AGRMT ● ize Z: RCGNZ，OGNZ ● tive TV: EFCTV，● ful FL: SCFL ● less LS: RGDLS ● ent/ant T: URGT ● al/ial L: ARVL练习Sample Script:American universities have been offering classes online through computers for a number of years. Now, some newly created colleges are offering academic degrees online. One university offers both bachelor’s degrees and master’s degrees. Official say they try to provide students with a social experience as well as an educational one. For example, in some programs, groups of the same six students progress through all their classes together. They communicate by computer. Another online school uses a problem-solving method of teaching. Students attempt to solve real problems in their classes online instead of reading information.Students who have taken online classes say they like them because they do not have to travel to building at a set time to listen to a professor. Professors say they have better communication with students through e-mail notes than they do in many traditional classes.新托福听力文章套路1. 托福听力中的重点原则原则一：大写原则原则二：开头结尾原则：3T-2M 原则原则三：重复原则原则四：转折对比原则原则五：强调原则原则六：比较原则原则七：建议原则原则八：举例原则原则九：现在原则原则十：解释原则原则十一：因果原则原则十二：观点态度原则原则十三：特殊问句原则2. 举例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 1——CONVERSATION3. 举例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 2——LECTURE1. 课程相关事务场景场景特点：主要涉及到一些和课程相关事项的解决方法。
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肌肉初长度 在一定范围内，肌肉收缩的初长度越长，肌肉收缩时产 生的张力和缩短的程度就越大。原因：
➢牵张反射 ➢肌肉本身有弹性 关节运动角度 同一块肌肉在关节的不同运动角度时产生的力量不同。
（二）神经源性因素
中枢激活
➢概念：中枢神经系统动员肌纤维参加收缩的能力叫做中枢 激活。 ➢水平低者：60%～ 70%肌纤维参与活动；
最大等张肌力检测
形式：卧推、蹬腿、屈臂、负重蹲起
表示方法：1RM
肌耐力检测
检测方法：以 70%1RM重量，重复练习，记录练习次数表示。
也可采用俯卧撑、仰卧起坐、单杠引体向上等。
肌肉功率检测 检测方法：立定跳远、纵跳摸高、小球掷远
Wingate无氧功率试验、Margaria下肢功率试验
三、等速肌力检测
➢概念：横切某块肌肉所有肌纤维所获得的横断面面积。 ➢它是由肌纤维的数量和粗细决定。 ➢一般，肌肉的横断面积越大，肌肉力量也越大，但是横
断面积不是决定肌肉力量大小的唯一生理学因素。 肌纤维类型
➢快肌收缩力量较慢肌大。 ➢不同项目运动员的肌肉力量特点不同：耐力项目运动员肌
肉含有较高比例的慢肌纤维，短跑和爆发力项目的运动员 含有较高的快肌纤维。 ➢力量训练，可使快肌和慢肌纤维横断面积和收缩力量增 加，但快肌收缩力量增加的速度和程度快于慢肌。
（二）几种肌肉力量训练手段的生理学分析
1、等长练习（静力训练法）
概念：肌肉收缩而长度不变的对抗阻力的力量训练方法
优点：肌肉能承受的运动负荷重量较大。
等长练习时神经细胞长时间保持兴奋，有助于提 高神经细胞的工作能力；可提高肌肉无氧代谢能力、增 加肌红蛋白含量、促进肌肉毛细血管的增生。
缺点：肌肉缺乏收缩和放松的协调；
等动收缩：在整个关节范围内肌肉产生的张力始终与负荷等同， 肌肉以恒定的速度收缩。
（一）慢等速测试
速度：300/s ~ 600/s （角速度）
特点：速度较小，所以阻力较大，常用来进行最大动态肌力检测 与评价。
（二）快等速测试
速度：１８０ 0/s （角速度） ２４０或３００0/s（运动员）
特点：速度较大，阻力较小，常用于检测和评价肌肉耐力。
离心收缩力量：离心收缩时表现出来的抗阻运动能力 动力性力量 等速肌肉力量：肌肉在其控制的关节活动范围内以恒
定速度进行最大收缩的能力。
超等长肌肉力量：肌肉在拉长-收缩过程中表现出来的
力量
绝对力量：指机体克服和对抗阻力时表现出来的最
表示方法
大力量。通常用肌肉收缩时所能克服的 最大阻力负荷来表示。
相对力量：指单位体重、去脂体重、体表面积、肌
（三）安排练习原则 1、练习顺序 大肌肉群→小肌肉群 多关节→单关节 大强度→小强度 2、训练节奏 P317图
二、肌肉力量训练的手段和方法 （一）影响肌肉力量训练效果的若干负荷因素 P（percent） –最大负荷百分比 表示的是力量练习强度大小，常用“最多重复次数”或 用最大肌力的百分比表示。 I（interval）-每两组练习间的间隔 两组练习间的间隔会显著影响力量练习时的肌肉代谢、 激素和心血管反应。 R（repetition）- 一组练习的重复次数 T（time）-完成重复练习的时间 S（set）-组数
[重点难点]
➢掌握影响肌肉力量的因素 ➢掌握肌肉力量训练的基本原则及方法
第一节 肌肉力量及其影响因素
一、肌肉力量的分类
概念：机体依靠肌肉收缩克服和对抗阻力来完成运动的能力称为
肌肉力量
收缩形式
静力性力量：肌肉在等长收缩时所产生的力量 动力性力量：肌肉在动态收缩时所产生的力量
向心收缩力量：向心收缩时表现出来的抗阻运动能力
（三）其他等速向心肌力测试 （四）其他等速离心肌力测试
比较
等长肌力测试 等张肌力测试
速度
固定
变化，不易控制
阻力 可变，顺应性阻力 固定
有关
运动幅度 反映无固定角 测试意义 度力矩值
反全映副最或弱半关幅 节点力矩值
等速肌力测试
任定，恒定 可变，顺应性阻
力，与速度
反映全任副意或关半幅 节角度运动 力矩值
第三节 肌肉力量训练
一、肌肉力量训练的若干生理学原则
（一）超负荷原则
超负荷不是指超过本人最大负荷能力，而是指力量训 练的负荷应不断超过平时采用的负荷，包括负荷强度、 负荷量、力量训练的频率。
负荷8，练到12
（二）特异性原则
特异性是指被训练肌肉对不同代谢性质、收缩类型和 练习模式的力量训练产生特定反应或者适应的生理学现 象。
练习容易枯燥无味；具有明显的“关节角度效应”
２、等张（向心）练习
概念：肌肉进行收缩缩短和放松交替进行的力量练习
对抗阻力可包括对抗体重和对抗外部阻力。对抗体重的等张练习 有引体向上、爬竿、爬绳等，对抗外部阻力练习有举杠铃、负重 蹲起、卧推、哑铃、拉力器等。
（三）其他因素 年龄 性别 激素作用 力量训练
第二节 肌肉力量的检测
一、等长肌力检测 等长收缩： 十字支撑、直角支撑 、站桩、静坐等 等长肌力测定： 握力、背力、臂力、腿部力量等 测量手段：握力计、背力计、等速肌力测试系统、
力传感器
二、等张肌力检测
类型：最大等张肌力检测、肌耐力检测和肌肉功率检测
unit_1--新西方托福听力课 件[最新]
第10 章 肌肉力量
第一节 肌肉力量及其影响因素
第二节 肌肉力量的检测
第三节
肌肉力量训练
[教学目的]
❖掌握肌肉力量的概念及肌肉力量的分类 ❖掌握影响肌肉力量的因素，熟悉其作用机制 ❖熟悉肌肉力量的常用检测与评价方法 ❖掌握肌肉力量训练的基本原则，熟悉肌肉力量训练的 方法
肉横断面积等表示的最大肌肉力量。
最大肌肉力量：肌肉在进行最大随意收缩时表现出
来的克服极限负荷阻力的能力
表现形式和 快速肌肉力量：肌肉在短时间内快速发挥力量的能
构成特点
力，爆发力是快速肌肉力量的常见表现形式
力量耐力：指肌肉长时间对抗最大阻力收缩的能力
二、肌肉力量的影响因素
（一）肌源性因素 肌肉横断面积
水中枢神经对肌肉活动的协调和控制能力
不同神经中枢之间的协调关系得到改善，就可以提高主动肌与对 抗肌、固定肌之间的协调能力，发挥更大的收缩力量。
中枢神经系统的兴奋状态
中枢神经系统的兴奋性提高，会导致肾上腺素、乙酰胆碱等生理 活性物质大量释放，使肌肉的应激性提高，使肌肉力量增加。