现在完成时的被动语态

2. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态 1) happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如： [误] Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978. [正] Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. 2) open, break, drop等不强调动作发出者时常用 主动语态。如： [误] The door has been opened of itself. [正]The door has opened of itself.
languages. 这本书已被译成多国语言。 His bikes have been sold out. 他的自行车已都卖完了。
2. 理解现在完成时被动语态的概念 现在完成时被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动 性动作, 它有两层意思: ①动作已经完成, 强调对现在造成的影响或结果。 ②主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系。 Our classroom has been cleaned, you needn't clean it now. 我们的教室已被打扫过, 你现在没必要再打扫了。 These flowers have been watered, you can go home. 这些花已被浇水了, 你可以回家了。
3. 短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。 如: The SARS patients have been taken good care of.
改为被动语态
He has to look after the little baby.
主
谓
宾(受动者)
The little baby has to be looked after by him.
那幢房子已被暴风雨冲走了。
(7)用于商务书信中起草人是以公司名义时。
Your letter has been received. 来信已收到。
4. 现在完成时被动语态的各种句型变换 从现在完成时被动语态结构has／have been done 可以看出has／have为助动词, 因此现在完成时被动 语态的各种句型变换均应借助has／have来完成。 构成否定句时直接在has／h提前。 Has this bridge been finished? 这座桥竣工了吗? His homework hasn’t been finished． 他的家庭作业还没有写完。 The black board has been cleaned, hasn't it? 黑板已擦过了, 是吗?
第七单元语法知识及练习题
现在完成时的被动语态
1.掌握现在完成时被动语态的构成
现在完成时被动语态的结构为has／have been
done, 使用has been done时主语为单数, 使用have
been done时主语为复数。
This book has been translated into many l
特点：
1. 主语是行为动作的承受者。如：
The Great Wall has been rebuilt. 长城已经过重建。 2. 说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。如: The door has been locked. 门已经被锁上了。 （我或别人现在进不去）
3. 动作或状态始于过去, 持续到现在, 并可能持续 下去。如： He has been told about it for many times. 有人 告诉他这事很多次了。（可能还会有人告诉他） 4. 用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已 完成的动作。如：
We’ll start as soon as the work has been finished.
工作一完成我们就立即动身。
3. 现在完成时被动语态的用法
(1) 用于不知道动作执行者是谁时。 (不清楚是谁偷的)
His bikes have been stolen. 他的自行车被人偷了。 (2)用于动作执行者是泛指或不言自明时.
Tom will clean the room tomorrow. 主 谓 宾(受动者)
The room will be cleaned by Tom tomorrow.
His brother washes bowls every day. 主 谓 宾(受动者)
Bowls are washed by his brother every day.
Not a book in the library has been taken away. 图书馆里的书没有一本被人拿走。 (没人拿书, 泛指)
(3)用于可以说出动作执行者, 但动作承受者是谈
话中心或特别需要强调时。
My watch has been repaired. 我的表修好了。
(表修好了是谈话的主旨, 是谁修好无关紧要, 不
必提及)
(4)用于出于委婉＼礼貌而避免提及自己或对方
时。
Enough has been said here on this question.
关于这个问题, 这里已经谈得不少了。
(意思是: 大家不要再说了)
(5)用于文章标题、广告、新闻等, 常用省略助动 词be的被动语态。 Road Blocked. 道路已被堵塞。 (新闻报道, 省略了助动词has been。) (6)用于动作的执行者不是人时。 The house has been washed away by the storm.
注意点
1. 副词的位置 often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom 等频度副词置于have/has和been中间。如： [误] Such a man has been hardly believed.
[正] Such a man has hardly been believed.