一篇有趣的文章

Figure 2. The “mouse-to-elephant” curve shows that the power of a warm blooded animal is proportional to its mass to the 0.734 power.
Now the minimum power needed for the level flight of any creature was given by Renard over a century ago as
Highly speculative investigations, especially by
an unknown author, are best brought before the world through some other channel than a scientific society which naturally hesitates to admit into its printed records matter of uncertain value.
past is always accompanied by uncertainty; however, these ideas suggest new questions which add to the idea or help to destroy it. One should question and explore new ideas and not dismiss them offhand with statements such as “We paleontologists don’t believe in aerodynamic theory,” “this is a waste of paper” as that words.
为Aurora和L'Aurore。1952年10月高校院系调整，
震旦大学撤销，医学院和圣约翰大学医学院、同德 医学院合于原址组建上海第二医学院；其余院系分 别并入复旦大学、上海第一医学院、华东师范大学、 交通大学、同济大学、华东化工学院、华东政法学 院、上海财政经济学院等高校；附属中学改为上海 市向明中学。震旦大学原址现为重庆南路227号和
Figure 4. The maximum mass of today’s flying birds is 14.5 kg. Heavier birds can fly in denser air.
The biology of these ancient
flyers differs from today’s flyers in that they were moreBiblioteka Baiduefficient in their use of oxygen, living at a much higher metabolic rate. this would put them far above the present day mouse-to-elephant curve. From biological considerations this is quite unlikely, see Fig. 2.
Primary writings：
Chemical Reaction Engineering，1st ed., wiley, 1962. Chemical Reaction Engineering，2nd ed., wiley, 1972. Chemical Reaction Engineering，3rd ed., wiley, 1999. Chemical Reactor Omnibook, OSU Bookstores, Corvallis, OR ,1996. Fluidization Engineering, 1st ed., wiley, 1969. Fluidization Engineering, 2nd ed.,B-H,Boston,MA,1991.
Octave Levenspiel
男，1926年出生于上海，波兰裔美籍人，美国工程院院士， 美国俄勒冈州立大学教授，华东理工大学名誉教授。毕业于华 东理工大学前身之一的震旦大学化工系，后于加利福尼亚大学 伯克利分校（University of California，Berkeley）获学士 学位，美国俄勒冈州立大学获硕士学位，1952年获博士学位， 留校任教25年，于1991年退休。 曾发表100余篇学术论文和会议报告，其中两篇已被列为“引文 经典之作”。他曾被授予美国化学工程师学会1977年W.K. Lewis奖、1979年R.H. Wilhelm奖、2003年创始人和社会赋予的 最高荣誉金奖。2000年被聘为美国工程院院士。 长期从事化学反应工程领域的研究，是世界著名化学反应工程 学科领域的专家学者，国际著名的化学反应工程鼻祖，有化学 反应器之父的著称。他著述的《化学反应工程》一书，被世界 上十几个国家翻译出版，并作为本国大学化工类教材。
一篇有趣的文章
An interesting article
------by Octave Levenspiel
Octave Levenspiel
Education:
Ph.D. Chemical Engineering, Oregon State University, 1952 M.S. Chemical Engineering, Oregon State University, 1949 B.S. Chemistry, UC Berkeley, 1947
If so, the author proposed three questions: ? The Bioenergetic Problem of the Quetzalcoatlus; ? The Aeronautical Problem of the Quetzalcoatlus; ?The Problem of Pumping Blood to the Head and Brain of a Giant Dinosaur.
震旦大学（Aurora University）原名震旦学院，
1928年改称震旦大学，是天主教耶稣会在中国上海
创办的著名教会大学，是中国近代著名高校，由中 国神父马相伯于1903年2月27日，在徐家汇天文台 旧址创办。“震旦”一词出自梵文，意即中国，在 英语中，亦有黎明、曙光的含义。由此可见，马相 伯将震旦学院喻作旭日东升，担负着以教育开启中 国曙光的重任，必将前途无量。英、法文校名分别
The power of resting warm-blooded creatures (in effect, their metabolic rate) is represented by the mouse-to-elephant curve, see Fig. 2, with its representative equation Power available ∝ M0.734
Wing area, A ∝ L2
(3)
Replacing eq. 3 in eq. 2, we find that the power needed for a creature to fly is given by
Power needed to fly ∝ M 7/6/(ρ1/2) (4)
? How then could 86-100 kg creatures fly in the age of dinosaurs, 64-100 Mya?
Power needed ∝M 2/3/(A1/2ρ1/2) (2)
If L represents the size of the flying creature, then for creatures of different size but of similar geometry
Mass, M ∝ L3
_______ Lord Rayleigh
Atmospheric Pressure at the Time of Dinosaurs
In fact, most scientists have just accepted that the atmosphere was not much different in the past from what it is today. True, some have speculated that the CO2 concentration was as much as 800 times larger than today’s value, or about 0.25 bar, but little else is assumed to differ.
A pipe dream … a fairy story Completely opposed this theory Jeers, sneers, derision, and sarcasm, but it did not
disappear.
It was not until the 1970s that the
Figure 1. Wingspan of a quetzalcoatlus compared to today’s largest bird and a Boeing 737 jet aircraft.
Figure 3. Aeronautics plus thermodynamics tells that the power needed to stay aloft depends on the creatures mass and the atmospheric density, as given by eq. 2.
Interests and Research:
Octave Levenspiel served as a faculty member for 25 years until he retired in 1991. He authored 5 books and many papers and proceedings, two of which have been listed as "Citation Classics." He was awarded AIChE's 1977 W.K. Lewis Award, the 1979 R.H. Wilhelm Award, and the 2003 Founders Award and Gold Medal, the highest honor given by the society. In 2000 he was inducted into the National Academy of Engineering. He also received two honorary doctorates, one from France. He is known as the founder of Chemical Reaction Engineering.
American geology establishment finally accepted this concept, and today we talk of continental drift as if we always believed it.
We should realize that any idea about our distant
280号上海交通大学医学院校舍。
Opening words
In 1915, Alfred Wegener, a meteorologist proposed
that the continental land masses drifted about the world, wrote a book presenting these ideas , and supplied evidence to back his proposal.