英美文学

Chapter 7 LiteratureTell whether each of the following statements is true or false.题目：序号：______ Shakespeare is famous for his blank verse.答案：F题目：序号：______ King Lear is one of Shakespeare’s four great tragedies.答案：T题目：序号：______ In the 18th century English literature, Defoe is a distinguished satirist. 答案：F题目：序号：______ Swift’s masterpiece is Gulliver’s Travels, which contains four parts.答案：T题目：序号：______ The most famous literary family in the British history is the Brontësisters.答案：T题目：序号：_____ Charles Dickens described his childhood experience in Oliver Twist.答案：F题目：序号：______ Tess of the D’urbervilles is Hardy’s most moving story.答案：T题目：序号：______ Joseph Conrad adopted a critical attitude towards colonialism.答案：T题目：序号：______ George Orwell’s most famous story is The Heart of Darkness.答案：F题目：序号：______ Doris Lessing was the oldest person to win the Nobel Prize for Literature.答案：T题目：序号：________ Benjamin Franklin’s Autobiography recorded how a man rose to fameand wealth from being poor and obscure.答案：T题目：序号：________ James Fenimore Cooper was the father of American literature.答案：F题目：序号：________ Edgar Allan Poe’s poems are well known for their musical language. 答案：T题目：序号：________ Thoreau was recognized as the leader of transcendentalist movement. 答案：F题目：序号：________ Hawthorne’s unique gift was for the creation of strongly symbolic stories which touch the deepest roots of man’s moral nature.答案：T题目：序号：________ By the 1870s the age of romanticism and transcendentalism came to an end and the age of realism had arrived.答案：T题目：序号：________ As a critic and also a prolific writer, Mark Twain became the leader of realism in America.答案：F题目：序号：________ Samuel Langhorne Clemens adopted the pseudonym “Mark Twain”, which means two fathoms.答案：T题目：序号：________ In the decade of the 1910s, American literature achieved a new diversity.答案：T题目：序号：________ Most of Faulkner’s stories take place in the imaginary Yorknapatawpha county.答案：TFill in the blanks with the correct information.题目：序号：The language of the Anglo-Saxons is called _______.答案: Old English题目：序号：Geoffrey Chaucer’s representative work is____________, which contains a prologue and 24 stories.答案: The Canterbury Tales题目：序号：Marl ow’s famous play ______ tells how a scholar sold his soul to the devil in return for power but met his doom in the end.答案: The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus题目：序号：In the Elizabethan period, _____ is the greatest playwright of England.答案: William Shakespeare题目：序号：Shakespeare’s plays fall into 3 categories. They are _______, ________ and tragedies.答案: historical plays; comedies题目：序号：There are three poets of the romantic movements in the early decades of the 19th century. They are ______, _______, and Keats.答案: P. B. Shelley; William Wordsworth题目：序号：The best-known of Jane Austen’s novels is _______, which was made into a highly successful film by a Taiwanese director, Ang Lee.答案: Sense and Sensibility题目：序号：Of Charles Dickens’ novels ______ tells the story of an orphan child drawn into crime in the London underworld.答案: Oliver Twist题目：序号：Joseph Conrad’s most famous story is ______, a story of a river boat journey in central Africa to investigate an exploitative European ivory trader.答案: The Heart of Darkness题目：序号：Virginia Woolf is famous for using the technique of __________.答案: stream of consciousness题目：序号：The American transcendentalists formed a club called ________.答案: the Transcendentalist Club题目：序号：The central figure in The Leatherstocking Tales is ____, who goes by the various names of Deerslayer, Pathfinder and Hawkeye.答案: Natty Bumpoo题目：序号：Melville is best known as the author of one book named________, which is, critics have agreed, one of the world’s greatest masterpiece s.答案: Moby Dick题目：序号：In his cluster of poems called Leaves of Grass, ________ gave America its first genuine epic poem.答案: Walt Whitman题目：序号：War, in the novel by Crane, ________, is a plain slaughter-house. There is no heroism on the battlefield.答案: The Red Badge of CourageChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text.题目：序号：________ is regarded as the national epic of the English people.A. Death of ArthurB. BeowulfC. The Canterbury TalesD. Dr. Faustus答案: B题目：序号：________ is considered to be the “father of English Poetry”.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Christopher MarlowC. William ShakespeareD. Ben Jonson答案: A题目：序号：It was _______ who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama.A. William ShakespeareB. Geoffrey ChaucerC.Christopher MarloweD. Ben Jonson答案: C题目：序号：Which of the following does NOT belong to Marlow’s best plays?A. TamburlaineB. The Jew of MaltaC. CymbelineD. The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus答案: C题目：序号：Of the following plays by Shakespeare, Which is NOT a tragedy?A. The Merchant of VeniceB. King LearC. HamletD. Macbeth答案: A题目：序号：____________ is a talented writer and his writings are full of satirical force.A. Daniel DefoeB.Charles DickensC. Charlotte BrontëD. Jonathan Swift答案:D题目：序号：Jane Austen’s most famous novel is ___________, which was made into a film by the Taiwanese director, Ang Lee.A.Sense and SensibilityB.Pride and PrejudiceC. Jane EyreD. Wuthering Heights答案: A题目：序号：Which novel of Charles Dickens’ tells the story of an orphan child drawn into crime in the London underworld?A. David CopperfieldB. Oliver TwistC.A Tale of Two CitiesD.The Heart of Darkness答案: B题目：序号：Which of the following is NOT the character in Hardy’s Tess of the D’urbervilles?A. AlecB. AngelC. TessD. Hester答案: D题目：序号：Which of George Orwell’s novels is a satire on the totalitarian tendency in modern states?A. Animal FarmB.1984C. The Golden BookD. The children of Violence答案:B题目：序号：Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in ____ and Thoreau.A. JeffersonB. FreneauC. EmersonD. oversoul答案: C题目：序号：Which of these poems is written by Edgar Allan Poe?A. The RavenB. The Fall of the House of UsherC. NatureD. Legia答案: A题目：序号：The finest example of Hawthorne’s symbolism is the recreation of Puritan Boston in ____.A. The Marble FaunB. The Scarlet LetterC. Young Goodman BrownD. The Ambitious Guest答案: B题目：序号：Melville’s _____ is an encyclopedic account of the operations of the whaling industry.A. The Old Man and the SeaB. Moby DickC. White JacketD. Billy Budd答案: B题目：序号：15. Mark Twain created, in __, a masterpiece of American realism that is also one of the great books of world literatureA. Huckleberry FinnB. Tom SawyerC. The Gilded AgeD. The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg答案: A题目：序号：With Howells and Mark Twain active on the scene, ______ became the major trend in the seventies and eighties of the nineteenth century.A. sentimentalismB. romanticismC. realismD. naturalism答案: C题目：序号：Early in the 20th century, _____ published works that would change the nature of American poetry.A. Ezra PoundB. T. S. EliotC. Robert FrostD. Both a and b答案: D题目：序号：Eliot’s first major poem (1917) _______, has been called the first masterpiece of modernism in English.A. The Love Song of J. Alfred PrufrockB. PreludesC. The Waste LandD Four Quartets答案: C题目：序号：Faulkner’s novel ______ describes the downfall of an old southern aristocratic family, the Compsons.A. The Sound and the FuryB. S artorisC. The UnvanquishedD.The Town答案:A题目：序号：Of Faulkner’s novels three are masterpieces by any literary standard. Which one is NOT his masterpiece?A. The Sound and the FuryB. Absalom, Absalom!C. Go Down, MosesD.The Grapes of Wrath答案: DExplain the following terms.题目：序号：The Canterbury Tales答案：Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales is made up of a series of stories. These stories are told by pilgrims who were on their way to the important Christian church at Canterbury. Although these tales are incomplete, they cover all major types of medieval literature. It contains almost all the typical me dieval figures. It is a miniature of the English society of Chaucer’s time.题目：序号：William Shakespeare答案：William Shakespeare is probably the best known literary figure in the world. His many plays include tragedies, comedies and history plays. Shakespeare created four great tragedies. Hamlet is the most performed play in the world. Shakespeare is regarded as one of the founders of realism in the world literature.题目：序号：Jane Eyre答案：Jane Eyre tells the story of an orphan, who has a loveless childhood at a terrible boarding school. When she grows up, she goes to work for Mr. Rochester as a governess to his child.Mr. Rochester becomes attracted to her because of her independence and free spirit.题目：序号：Tess of the D’Urbervilles答案：This story tells the tragic fate of Tess, a beautiful country girl. Tess is seduced by Alec D’urbervilles and has an illegitimate baby. She meets Angel Clare and they fall in love with each other. However, she is abandoned by Angel when he knows her past story. Tess has no choice but to live with Alec because her father dies and the family is starving. Later Angel regrets how he abandoned Tess and comes back to find her. Tess kills Alec in strong despair and great madness.题目：序号：Stream of consciousness答案：In literary critic ism, “stream of consciousness” is a narrative mode that seeks to portray an individual's point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character's thought processes, either in a loose interior monologue, or in connection to his or her actions.题目：序号：Transcendentalism答案：Transcendentalism was a group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture, and philosophy that emerged in New England in the early to middle 19th century. Among transcendentalists' core beliefs was an ideal spiritual state that “transcends” the physical and empirical and is only realized through the individual's intuition, rather than through the doctrines of established religions. Prominent transcendentalists included Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau.题目：序号：The lost generation答案：This is a term coined by author and poet, Gertrude Stein. Often it is used to refer to a group of American writers who lived in Paris and other parts of Europe, some after military service in the First World War. Figures identified with the "Lost Generation" include authors and poets Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Ezra Pound. The Lost Generation captures the zeitgeist of the time period: disillusionment.题目：序号：Moby Dick答案：It is considered one of the world’s greatest masterpiece s. This is a story about a whaling voyage. The hero Ishmael went out to sea on the whaling ship, Pequod. The captain, Ahab, lost one leg on a previous voyage when he met the white whale Moby Dick, so he was determined to kill the white whale. At last Moby Dick appeared and Captain Ahab ordered his ship to fight with it. All the crew were drowned except Ishmael, who survived to tell the story.题目：序号：Mark Twain答案：Mark Twain was the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens. Twain had an American sense of humor; he dealt with the lower strata of society. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer was an immediate success and its sequel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, became his masterwork. Mark Twain made colloquial speech a literary medium. This is his great contribution to American literature. His style influenced writers who followed, like Sherwood Anderson and Ernest Hemmingway.题目：序号：The Great Gatsby答案：F. Scott Fitzgerald’s masterpiece is The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald created a myth out of American life from his personal experience. Gatsby falls in love with Daisy, but he is too poor to marry her. Daisy married Tom Buchanan. In order to win his love back, Gatsby began bootlegging and other activities to make a big fortune. But finally he found Daisy was not the ideal love of his dreams. He had a strong sense of loss and disillusionment.题目：序号：What do you know about Uncle Tom’s Cabin?答案：Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly i s an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Published in 1852, the novel "helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War". Stowe, a Connecticut-born teacher at the Hartford Female Academy and an active abolitionist, featured the character of Uncle Tom, a long-suffering black slave around whom the stories of other characters revolve. The sentimental novel depicts the reality of slavery while also asserting that Christian love can overcome something as destructive as enslavement of fellow human beings.It is credited with helping fuel the abolitionist cause in the 1850s. It was called the most popular novel of that day.The impact attributed to the book is great, reinforced by a story that when Abraham Lincoln met Stowe at the start of the Civil War, Lincoln declared, "So this is the little lady who started this great war."。