青蒿素中英文对照简介
青蒿素英语介绍作文
The Miracle of Artemisinin Artemisinin, derived from the humble Chinese herb known as Qinghao or Sweet Wormwood, has revolutionized the global fight against malaria. This remarkable compound, discovered and developed by Chinese scientists, has saved millions of lives across the globe, particularly in regions where malaria is endemic.Malaria, a deadly disease transmitted by mosquitoes, has plagued humanity for centuries. Its symptoms range from fever and chills to severe anemia and even death. Before the advent of artemisinin, treating malaria effectively was challenging, especially in resource-poor areas where access to modern healthcare was limited.The story of artemisinin begins in the 1970s when Chinese scientists embarked on a mission to find a new treatment for malaria. They turned to traditional Chinese medicine, a rich repository of herbal knowledge, and set their sights on Qinghao. Through meticulous research and testing, they isolated artemisinin, a compound with remarkable anti-malarial properties.Artemisinin's unique mode of action makes it effective against even the most drug-resistant strains of malaria parasites. Its effectiveness is further enhanced when combined with other drugs, resulting in faster recovery and lower mortality rates. This has been a game-changer in the global health community, especially in Africa where malaria is most prevalent.The impact of artemisinin is not just medical. It has also had a profound socio-economic impact. By reducing malaria cases, it has enabled communities to become more productive, children to attend school regularly, and families to escape the cycle of poverty and illness.The discovery of artemisinin is a testament to the power of traditional medicine and the importance of investing in research and development. It serves as a reminder that the solutions to many of our global health challenges may lie in the rich biodiversity and knowledge systems of the developing world.In conclusion, artemisinin is not just a drug; it's a symbol ofhope and a powerful reminder of the potential that lies within our own backyards. Its story is an inspiration for us to continue exploring, innovating, and harnessing the power of nature to create solutions for a healthier and more equitable world.。
青蒿素的英文作文
青蒿素的英文作文英文：Qinghaosu, also known as artemisinin, is a drug that has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine to treat fevers. In the 1970s, Chinese scientist Tu Youyou discovered that it was also effective in treating malaria. This discovery earned her the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2015.Qinghaosu works by targeting the malaria parasite in the red blood cells. It is able to do this because it contains a unique chemical structure called a peroxide bridge. This structure reacts with iron in the parasite, creating free radicals that destroy the parasite.Qinghaosu is usually taken in combination with other antimalarial drugs to prevent the development of drug-resistant strains. It is available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and injections.Despite its effectiveness, Qinghaosu is not withoutside effects. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. In rare cases, it can cause more seriousside effects such as liver damage and seizures.Overall, Qinghaosu has had a significant impact on the treatment of malaria, particularly in developing countries where the disease is most prevalent. It is a testament to the power of traditional medicine and the importance of scientific research in unlocking its potential.中文：青蒿素，也被称为青蒿素，是一种在传统中药中用于治疗发热的药物。
青蒿素英语介绍作文
青蒿素英语介绍作文英文回答：Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide, is a natural product isolated from the plant Artemisia annua L. It is a potent antimalarial drug that has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine. Artemisinin is effective against all species of Plasmodium, the parasite that causes malaria. It is particularly effective against Plasmodium falciparum, the most deadly species of malaria parasite.Artemisinin has a unique mechanism of action that targets the parasite's heme metabolism. This leads to oxidative stress and death of the parasite. Artemisinin is also highly effective against drug-resistant Plasmodium strains.Artemisinin is a safe and well-tolerated drug. The most common side effects are nausea, vomiting, and dizziness.However, these side effects are usually mild and transient.Artemisinin is used in combination with other antimalarial drugs to treat malaria. This helps to prevent the development of drug resistance. The most common artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem), artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ), and artesunate-mefloquine (ASMQ).ACTs are the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in most malaria-endemic countries. They are also used to treat severe malaria.Artemisinin is a life-saving drug that hassignificantly reduced the burden of malaria around the world. It is a safe and effective treatment that is well-tolerated by patients.中文回答：青蒿素是一种从青蒿植物中分离出的倍半萜内过氧化物内酯。
青蒿素
青蒿素（artemisinin）的发现史寄生虫引起的疾病一直困扰人类几千年，并构成了重大的全球性健康问题。
特别是，寄生虫病影响到世界上最贫穷的人口，对改善人类健康和幸福是一个巨大的障碍。
今年的诺贝尔奖获得者已经开发出彻底改变一些最具破坏性寄生虫病的治疗方法。
美国科学家威廉·C·坎贝尔（William C. Campbell）和日本科学家大智村（Satoshi Ōmura）发现了一种新的药物阿维菌素（Avermectin），它的衍生物从根本上降低了河盲症（River Blindness）和淋巴丝虫病（Lymphatic Filariasis），对其他寄生虫病也显示出很好的效果。
屠呦呦发现了青蒿素，显著降低了疟疾患者的死亡率。
这两个发现为人类提供了战胜这些疾病的强大手段，它们每年影响数以百万计的人们，为改善人类健康和减少病患痛苦做出了无法估量的贡献。
下面根据有关的材料，青蒿素的发现史整理如下。
疟疾是危害人类最大的疾病之一，人类对付疟疾的最有力的药物均源于两种植物提取物，一是法国科学家19世纪初从植物金鸡纳树皮上提取出的奎宁，二是我国科学家20世纪70年代从青蒿中提取的青蒿素。
2001年，世界卫生组织（世卫组织）向恶性疟疾流行的所有国家推荐以青蒿素为基础的联合疗法。
青蒿第一阶段：研究背景青蒿素发现于大型研究抗疟疾药物的“523任务”中，也就是说，抗疟研究的“523任务”导致了青蒿素的发现。
全国性抗疟研究计划“523任务”，据说起始于毛泽东主席和周恩来总理应越南的要求、也考虑中国南方存在的疟疾问题。
毫无疑问，这是一个全国性的大规模合作项目，其中有很多人起了作用。
“523任务”分为几部分：仿造西药或制造衍生物、从中药中寻找抗疟药、制造驱蚊剂等。
发现青蒿素的代表性人物是中医研究院中药研究所的屠呦呦。
屠呦呦出生于1930年，1951年至1955年就读于北京医学院（现北京大学医学部）药学系生药学专业，其后分配到中医研究院工作。
青蒿素
【产品名称】: 青蒿素【英文名称】:Artemisinin【英文别名】：Arteannuin、Artemisinine、Qinghaosu【中文别名】：黄花蒿素、黄蒿素【分子结构式】:【分子式】: C15H22O5【分子量】: 282.4 【CAS 登录号】: 63968-64-9【外观性状】：无色针状晶体，味苦。
在丙酮、醋酸乙酯、氯仿、苯及冰醋酸中易溶，在乙醇和甲醇、乙醚及石油醚中可溶解，在水中几乎不溶。
【功效】：具有抗肿瘤，抗寄生虫，解热调节免疫系统的作用。
本品为一高效、速效抗疟药。
作用于疟原虫红细胞内期，适用于间日疟及恶性疟，特别是抢救脑型疟均有良效。
其退热时间及疟原虫转阴时间都较氯喹短。
对氯喹有抗药性的疟原虫，使用本品亦有效。
《发现者第150期》导读有人曾用一个形象的比喻来形容青蒿素与中医的关联："一大群科学家，走进一间老祖宗留下的房子，翻箱倒柜试图寻找到他们想要的东西，最后在屋后的垃圾堆里发现了宝贝，后来还有证据表明，这个宝贝不是屋主的，是一个房客偶然留下的，并被屋主丢弃了的。
"在寻找青蒿素的过程中，与其说中医参与了，不如说中医实际上只是一个研究对象而已。
发现青蒿素：国际医学大奖这样“炼成”2011-09-16 11:51:26来源: 经济导报(济南)核心提示：12日，2011年度拉斯克奖的获奖名单揭晓，中国科学家屠呦呦获得临床医学奖，获奖理由是“因为发现青蒿素——一种用于治疗疟疾的药物，挽救了全球特别是发展中国家的数百万人的生命。
”这也是至今为止，中国生物医学界获得的世界级最高大奖。
12日，2011年度拉斯克奖的获奖名单揭晓，中国科学家屠呦呦获得临床医学奖，获奖理由是“因为发现青蒿素——一种用于治疗疟疾的药物，挽救了全球特别是发展中国家的数百万人的生命。
”这也是至今为止，中国生物医学界获得的世界级最高大奖。
青蒿素是我国在世界上首先研制成功的一种抗疟新药，它是从我国民间治疗疟疾草药黄花蒿中分离出来的有效单体。
青蒿素
青蒿素【药品名称】通用名：青蒿素英文名：Artemisinin（Arteannuin）汉语拼音：Qinghaosu【主要成分】本品主要成分为（3R，5As，6R，8As，9R，12S，12aR）-八氢-3，6，9-三甲基-3，12-桥氧-12H-吡喃[4，3-j]-1，2-苯并二塞平=10（3H）-酮。
【性状】本品为无色针状结晶，味苦。
【药理】1．药效学青蒿素是从中药青蒿中提取的有过氧基团的倍半萜内酯药物。
其鼠疟原虫红内期超微结构的影响，主要是疟原虫膜系结构的改变，该药作用于食物泡膜、表膜、线粒体，其次是核膜、内质网，此外对核内染色质也有一定的影响。
提示青蒿素的作用方式主要是干扰表膜-线粒体的功能。
可能是疟原虫膜系结构的改变，该药首先作用于食物泡膜、表膜、线粒体，其次是核膜、内质网，此外对核内染色质也有一定的影响。
提示青蒿素的作用方式主要是干扰表膜-线粒体的功能。
可能是青蒿作用于食物泡膜，从而阻断了营养摄取的最早阶段，使疟原虫较快出现氨基酸饥饿，迅速形成自噬泡，并不断排除虫体外，使疟原虫损失大量胞浆而死亡。
体外培养的恶性疟原虫对氚标记的异亮氨酸的摄入情况也显示其起始作用方式可能是抑制原虫蛋白合成。
2．药动学青蒿素口服后由肠道迅速吸收，0.5～1小时后血药浓度达高峰，4小时后下降一半，72小时血中仅含微量。
它在红细胞内的浓度低于血浆中的浓度。
吸收后分布于组织内，以肠、肝、肾的含量较多。
本品为肠溶性物质，故可透过血脑屏障进入脑组织。
在体内代谢很快，代谢物的结构和性质还不清楚。
主要从肾及肠道排出，24小时可排除84%，72小时仅少量残留。
由于代谢与排泄均快，有效血药浓度维持时间短，不利于彻底杀灭疟原虫，故复发率较高。
青蒿素衍生物青蒿酯，T1/2为0.5小时，故应反复给药。
【适应症】于间日疟、恶性疟的症状控制，以及耐氯喹虫株的治疗，也可用以治疗凶险型恶性疟，如脑型、黄疸型等。
亦可用以治疗系统性红斑狼疮与盘状红斑狼疮。
青蒿素
青蒿素(artemisinin)类药物包括双氢青蒿素(dihydroartemisinin)、青蒿琥酯(artesunate)、蒿 甲醚(artemether)、蒿乙醚(arteether)等,具有抗疟、抗血吸虫、抗心律失常和肿瘤细胞毒性 等作用[1],其结构上存在过氧桥基团,在溶液中不稳定,且在极性溶剂中的溶解度低,影响了青 蒿素类药物的生物利用度[2]。
环糊精(cyclodextrin,CD)中最常见 α-,β-和 γ-环糊精,能包结多 种化合物[3,4],可起到提高药物稳定性、改善药物水溶性、增强药物利用率及使药物缓释等 作用[5-7],是改善青蒿素类药物溶解性、稳定性、生物利用度的可行方法[8]。
青蒿素类药物 的 CD 包结物研究多集中于包结物的制备与表征实验[9-10]。
分子模拟为直观认识包结物从 分子机制角度提供了强有力手段。
CD 包结作用的分子模拟方法包括分子力学和分子动力学 模拟[11-12]、借助于蛋白质对接程序进行分子匹配对接[13]、利用第一性原理程序计算包结 物某些性质[14-15]。
理论计算研究 CD 包结物多集中在计算模拟水溶液中的结合自由能等 [16 青蒿素 - 简介 化学名：(3R,5aS,6R,8aS,9R,12S,12aR)-八氢-3，6，9-三甲基-3，12-氧桥-12H-吡喃并[4， 3-j]-1，2-苯并二塞平-10(3H)-酮青蒿素晶体中文别名：黄花蒿素、黄蒿素 英文名称：Artemisinin 英文别名：Arteannuin、Artemisinine、Qinghaosu CasNo：63968-64-9 化学式：C15H22O5分子量：282.33 物理性状：无色针状晶体，味苦。
在丙酮、醋酸乙酯、氯仿、苯及冰醋酸中易溶，在乙醇和 甲醇、乙醚中可溶解，微溶于冷石油醚，在水中几乎不溶。
熔点 156-157℃，旋光度+69（c =0.5，CHCl3）。
化学性质：极易被硫酸亚铁还原，易于三苯磷反应。
本草纲目青蒿素的记载
本草纲目青蒿素的记载英文回答：Artemisinin, also known as qinghaosu, is a chemical compound found in the plant Artemisia annua, also known as sweet wormwood. It is a sesquiterpene lactone with the chemical formula C15H22O5. Artemisinin is a colorless, crystalline solid with a melting point of 156-158 °C and a boiling point of 290-295 °C. It is soluble in water, ethanol, and other organic solvents.Artemisinin is a powerful antimalarial drug that has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine. It is effective against both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, the two most common species of malaria parasites. Artemisinin is also effective against drug-resistant strains of malaria parasites.The mechanism of action of artemisinin is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve the generation offree radicals that damage the parasite's cell membrane. Artemisinin is also thought to inhibit the parasite'sability to take up nutrients.Artemisinin is a valuable antimalarial drug, but it is not without its side effects. The most common side effectsof artemisinin include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Artemisinin can also cause liver damage in rare cases.Artemisinin is used in combination with other antimalarial drugs to prevent and treat malaria. The most common combination therapy is artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), which includes artemisinin and one or more other antimalarial drugs. ACT is the most effective treatment for malaria, and it is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).Artemisinin is also used to treat other conditions,such as cancer and inflammatory diseases. However, there is not enough scientific evidence to support the use of artemisinin for these conditions.中文回答：青蒿素，又名黄花蒿素，是一种发现于菊科植物青蒿中的化学化合物。
青蒿素
3)Efferth等通过微阵列研究发现肿瘤细胞ART IC50值与一些 基本的mRNA表达水平存在相对应的关系。Efferth从NCI的 数据库中选取465个基因的表达数据，并将这些基因表达按 照其生物特性的不同分为六类，包括：耐药基因·DNA损伤 与修复基因·致癌和抑癌基因·细胞凋亡基因·细胞增殖相关基 因·细胞因子和细胞因子相关基因。通过对这些基因表达数据 进行Kendall`s相关分析，得到结果如图：
肯德尔分析证实了55株细胞的ART IC50值与GLCLR的mRNA表达水平 有显著正相关性。右下图的剂量效应曲线说明转染了GLCLR的MSVHL13 cell对ART的抵抗性比对照组MSV-PC4 cell高出3.5 fold.
含有GLCLR的细胞对 ART ART的耐药性增加
同样证实，55株细胞的ART IC50值与EGFR的mRNA表达水平也成显著 正相关。右下图的剂量效应曲线说明转染了EGFR的U-78 cell对ART的 耐药性比对照组U-78 cell .Lux高出13.6fold. EGFR是原癌基因c-erbB1的表 达产物，是表皮生长因子受体 （HER）家族成员之一 EGFR 与肿瘤细胞的增殖、血管生成、 肿瘤侵袭、转移及细胞凋亡的 抑制有关。其可能机制有： EGFR的高表达引起下游信号 传导的增强；突变型EGFR受 体或配体表达的增加导致 EGFR的持续活化；自分泌环 的作用增强；受体下调机制的 破坏;异常信号传导通路的激活 等。.
833fold 149fold 10fold
Doxorubicin-resistant CEM/ADR5000 cell 表达MDR1 Doxorubicin-resistant HL-60/AR cell 表达MDR相关蛋白1 MDA-MB-231-BCRP cell表达乳腺癌抑制蛋白
青蒿素英语介绍作文
青蒿素英语介绍作文English:Artemisinin, also known as Qinghaosu, is a compound derived from the sweet wormwood plant Artemisia annua. It has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries to treat fevers and malaria. Artemisinin gained more global attention in the 1970s when Chinese scientist Tu Youyou discovered its potent anti-malarial properties. This discovery led to the development of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), which are now considered the most effective treatment for malaria. Artemisinin works by targeting the malaria parasite and disrupting its ability to replicate within the human body. This unique mechanism of action has made artemisinin a critical tool in the fight against drug-resistant strains of malaria. In addition to its anti-malarial properties, artemisinin has also shown promise in treating certain types of cancer due to its ability to selectively target and kill cancer cells. The World Health Organization has endorsed the use of artemisinin-based therapies as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria, highlighting the significant impact this natural compound has had on global health.中文翻译:青蒿素，又称为青蒿素，是从甘草植物青蒿中提取的化合物。
青蒿素
青蒿素青蒿素是从复合花序植物黄花蒿（即中药青蒿）叶中提取得到的一种无色针状晶体，它的茎中不含药青蒿，化学名称为（3R,5aS,6R,8aS,9R,12S,12aR）-八氢-3,6,9-三甲基-3,12-桥氧-12H-吡喃〔4,3-j〕-1,2-苯并二塞-10（3H）-酮。
分子式为C15H22O5。
青蒿素是继乙氨嘧啶、氯喹、伯喹之后最有效的抗疟特效药，尤其是对于脑型疟疾和抗氯喹疟疾，具有速效和低毒的特点，曾被世界卫生组织称做是“世界上唯一有效的疟疾治疗药物”。
基本性质通用名称：青蒿素英文名称：Artemisinin分子式：C15H22O5；分子量：282.33理化性质：无色针状晶体，味苦,在丙酮、、氯仿、苯及冰醋酸中易溶，在乙醇和甲醇、乙醚及石油醚中可溶解，在水中几乎不溶；熔点：156-157℃。
药动学：青蒿素是从中药青蒿中提取的有过氧基团的倍半萜内酯药物。
其对鼠疟原虫红内期超微结构的影响，主要是疟原虫膜系结构的改变，该药首先作用于食物泡膜、表膜、线粒体，内质网，此外对核内染色质也有一定的影响。
提示青蒿素的作用方式主要是干扰表膜-线粒体的功能。
可能是青蒿素作用于食物泡膜，从而阻断了营养摄取的最早阶段，使疟原虫较快出现氨基酸饥饿，迅速形成自噬泡，并不断排出虫体外，使疟原虫损失大量胞浆而死亡。
体外培养的恶性疟原虫对氚标记的异亮氨酸的摄入情况也显示其起始作用方式可能是抑制原虫蛋白合成。
一、制备化学制备化学合成青蒿素难度极大，1986年，中国科学院上海有机所以R(+)一香草醛为原料合成了青蒿素，国外也有类似工作，反应以(-)- 2-异薄勒醇为原料，通过光氧化反应引进过氧基，保留原料中的六元环，环上三条侧链烷基化，形成中间体，最后环合成含过氧桥的倍半萜内酯。
但过程均过于复杂，尚未显示出商业的可行性。
青蒿素的合成途径（一）半合成路线从青蒿酸为原料出发，经过五步反应得到青蒿素，总得率约为35～50%。
①：青蒿酸在重氮甲烷/碘甲烷/酸催化下与甲醇反应，再在氯化镍存在的条件下，被硼氢化钠选择性还原得到二氢青蒿酸甲酯；②：二氢青蒿酸甲酯在四氢呋喃或乙醚溶液中用氢化铝锂还原成青蒿醇；③：青蒿醇在甲醇/二氯甲烷/氯仿/四氯化碳溶液中被臭氧氧化后得到过氧化物，抽干后再在二甲苯中用对甲苯磺酸处理得到环状烯醚；④：环状烯醚溶解于溶剂中，在光敏剂玫瑰红/亚甲基蓝/竹红菌素等存在下进行光氧化合生成二氧四环中间体，再用酸处理得到脱羧青蒿素；⑤：脱羧青蒿素在四氧化钌氧化体系或铬酸类氧化剂的作用下氧化得到青蒿素。
青蒿素英语介绍作文
青蒿素英语介绍作文Artemisinin, also known as qinghaosu, is a substance derived from the sweet wormwood plant. This compound has garnered worldwide attention for its potent antimalarial properties. Artemisinin's discovery and development have revolutionized the treatment of malaria, saving countless lives in the process.青蒿素，又称青蒿苏，是一种来源于甜蒿植物的物质。
这种化合物以其强效的抗疟疾特性而受到全球关注。
青蒿素的发现和开发已经彻底改变了疟疾的治疗方式，在这个过程中挽救了无数生命。
Artemisinin works by targeting the malaria parasite in a unique way, effectively killing it and clearing the infection from the body. Its mechanism of action involves generating free radicals, which damage the parasite's cell membranes and ultimately lead to its demise. This makes artemisinin one of the fastest-acting antimalarial drugs available.青蒿素通过独特的方式针对疟原虫，有效地杀死它并清除体内的感染。
它的作用机制涉及产生自由基，这些自由基会损伤寄生虫的细胞膜，最终导致其死亡。
青蒿素英语作文简单
青蒿素英语作文简单（中英文实用版）English Version:Title: The Simplicity of ArtemisininArtemisinin, a gift from traditional Chinese medicine to the world, has been globally recognized for its effectiveness in treating malaria.The simplicity of this compound, derived from the sweet wormwood plant, belies its profound impact on human health.The discovery of artemisinin is a testament to the wisdom of ancient Chinese herbal practices.It was in the 1970s when Tu Youyou, a Chinese scientist, found the potential of this substance in fighting malaria.What makes artemisinin unique is its ability to rapidly reduce the parasitemia in patients, which is crucial in combating drug-resistant malaria.The simplicity of artemisinin lies in its mode of action.It targets the malaria parasite"s ability to digest hemoglobin, which is essential for the parasite"s survival.By disrupting this process, artemisinin effectively kills the parasite, providing a fast-acting solution to a life-threatening disease.Moreover, the simplicity extends to its usage.Artemisinin can be easily combined with other anti-malarial drugs to create highly effective combination therapies.This not only enhances the treatment outcomes but also helps in preventing the development of drug resistance.In recognition of its importance, the discovery of artemisinin wasawarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015.This honor highlights the significance of simplicity in scientific research and the potential of traditional knowledge in modern medicine.In conclusion, the simplicity of artemisinin demonstrates that sometimes, the most effective solutions can be found in the most unexpected places.It serves as a reminder to explore the vast resources of traditional medicine and to appreciate the power of simplicity in scientific discovery.中文版本：标题：青蒿素的简单之美青蒿素，作为中医药赠予世界的礼物，因其对治疗疟疾的显著效果而受到全球认可。
青蒿素英语介绍作文
青蒿素英语介绍作文英文回答：Artemisinin, also known as qinghaosu, is a compound extracted from the Chinese herb Artemisia annua, commonly known as sweet wormwood. It was discovered by Chinese scientist Tu Youyou in the 1970s and has since become a powerful weapon in the fight against malaria.Artemisinin is unique in its ability to rapidly kill malaria parasites in the blood. It works by reacting with iron in the parasite's cells, forming highly reactive molecules that attack and destroy the parasites. This mechanism of action makes it highly effective against malaria, even in cases where the parasites have developed resistance to other antimalarial drugs.The discovery of artemisinin has revolutionized the treatment of malaria. Prior to its discovery, malaria was primarily treated with drugs such as chloroquine, which hadbecome less effective due to the emergence of drug-resistant strains of the parasite. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) have now become the standard treatment for malaria worldwide, saving countless lives.In addition to its antimalarial properties, artemisinin has also shown promise in the treatment of other diseases. It has been found to have anticancer activity, with studies showing that it can selectively kill cancer cells while sparing healthy cells. It has also been investigated forits potential use in treating other parasitic infections, such as schistosomiasis and leishmaniasis.Artemisinin's impact on global health cannot be overstated. It has played a crucial role in reducing the burden of malaria, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where the disease is most prevalent. The World Health Organization estimates that artemisinin-based combination therapies have saved over 1.5 million lives since their introduction.中文回答：青蒿素，也被称为青蒿素，是从中国草药青蒿中提取的一种化合物，俗称甜蒿。
英语青蒿素作文
英语青蒿素作文English: Artemisinin, also known as Qinghao su, is a compound extracted from the sweet wormwood plant Artemisia annua. It has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine to treat fevers and malaria. In recent years, artemisinin has gained global recognition for its potent anti-malarial properties and is now a key component in the most effective malaria treatments available. Its ability to rapidly kill the malaria parasite has revolutionized the fight against this deadly disease, particularly in regions where drug-resistant strains have emerged. Artemisinin works by generating free radicals that attack the cell membranes of the parasites, leading to their destruction. Despite its effectiveness, there are concerns about the development of resistance to artemisinin, underscoring the need for sustainable malaria control strategies and appropriate use of artemisinin-based therapies to preserve its efficacy in the long term.中文翻译: 青蒿素，也称为青蒿素，是从青蒿植物Artemisia annua中提取出的化合物。
青蒿素英语作文简单
青蒿素英语作文简单英文回答：Artemisinin, a powerful antimalarial drug, has revolutionized the treatment of malaria, a deadly parasitic disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Derived from the sweet wormwood plant (Artemisia annua),artemisinin has demonstrated remarkable efficacy against the most deadly form of malaria, Plasmodium falciparum.Artemisinin's discovery in the 1970s marked a significant breakthrough in the fight against malaria.Prior to its introduction, the disease was often fatal, particularly in resource-poor regions where access to effective treatment was limited. The development of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) has significantly reduced malaria mortality rates and improved treatment outcomes.Artemisinin works by targeting the parasite's foodsource within red blood cells. It kills the parasite by disrupting its digestive system, leading to a rapid and potent reduction in parasite burden. ACTs combine artemisinin with other antimalarial drugs to prevent the development of resistance and ensure sustained efficacy.One of the most significant challenges in the fight against malaria is the emergence of artemisinin resistance. The parasite has evolved mechanisms to evade artemisinin's effects, rendering it less effective in some areas. To address this, researchers are actively pursuing the development of new artemisinin derivatives and combination therapies to overcome resistance.Artemisinin is an essential component of malaria treatment and plays a critical role in reducing the burden of disease worldwide. Its discovery has saved countless lives and improved the lives of millions in malaria-endemic regions. The ongoing efforts to combat artemisinin resistance are crucial to ensure the drug's continued effectiveness and prevent a resurgence of this deadly disease.中文回答：青蒿素是一种强效抗疟药，它彻底改变了疟疾的治疗方法。
青蒿素课文作文素材
青蒿素课文作文素材English Response:English Response:Qinghao Su, also known as Artemisinin, is a potent antimalarial drug derived from the sweet wormwood plant, Artemisia annua. Its discovery and development revolutionized the treatment of malaria, especially in regions where the disease is endemic. Let's delve into some key points and materials for an essay on Qinghao Su.Firstly, it's crucial to highlight the backstory of Qinghao Su's discovery. In the 1970s, Chinese scientist Tu Youyou led a team tasked with finding a treatment for malaria resistant to traditional drugs like chloroquine. Tu turned to traditional Chinese medicine texts and unearthed a reference to Qinghao (Artemisia annua) as a remedy for "intermittent fevers," a symptom of malaria. This led to the extraction of Qinghao Su, which was subsequently proveneffective against malaria parasites.The efficacy of Qinghao Su lies in its unique chemical structure, particularly the endoperoxide bridge, whichreacts with iron in the malaria parasite's cells, releasing free radicals and causing damage. This mechanism of action distinguishes Qinghao Su from other antimalarials, makingit highly effective, especially against drug-resistant strains.In addition to its antimalarial properties, Qinghao Su has shown promise in treating other diseases, including certain cancers. Its versatility has sparked further research into its potential applications beyond malaria treatment.Furthermore, the global impact of Qinghao Su cannot be overstated. Its introduction significantly reduced malaria-related mortality rates, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where the disease burden is highest. This has led to widespread recognition and accolades for Tu Youyou,including the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015.Moreover, the accessibility and affordability of Qinghao Su have been instrumental in its widespread adoption. Unlike some other antimalarials, Qinghao Su is relatively inexpensive to produce, making it accessible to low-income populations in malaria-endemic regions.In conclusion, Qinghao Su's journey from a traditional remedy to a groundbreaking antimalarial drug epitomizes the intersection of traditional medicine and modern science.Its discovery not only saved countless lives but also paved the way for future exploration into natural remedies for global health challenges.中文回答：青蒿素，又称为青蒿素，是从青蒿植物中提取的一种强效抗疟疾药物。
青蒿素中英对照翻译
Tu Youyou & ArtemisininFor the discovery of artemisinin(青蒿素), a drug therapy for malaria that has saved millions of lives across the globe, especially in the developing world.The 2011 Lasker~DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award honors a scientist who discovered artemisinin and its utility for treating malaria. Tu Youyou (China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing) developed a therapy that has saved millions of lives across the globe, especially in the developing world. An artemisinin-based drug combination is now the standard regimen for malaria, and the World Health Organization (WHO) lists artemisinin and related agents in its catalog of "Essential Medicines." Each year, several hundred million people contract malaria. Without treatment, many more of them would die than do now. Tu led a team that transformed an ancient Chinese healing method into the most powerful antimalarial medicine currently available.Malaria has devastated humans for millennia, and it continues to ravage civilizations across the planet. In 2008, the mosquito-borne parasites that cause the illness, Plasmodia, infected 247 million people and caused almost one million deaths. The ailment strikes children particularly hard, especially those in sub-Saharan Africa. It affects more than 100 countries—including those in Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, parts of Europe—and travelers from everywhere. Symptoms include fever, headache, and vomiting; malaria can quickly become life-threatening by disrupting the blood supply to vital organs. Early diagnosis and treatment reduces disease incidence, prevents deaths, and cuts transmission.In the late 1950s, the WHO embarked on an ambitious project to eradicate malaria. After limited success, the disease rebounded in many places, due in part to the emergence of parasites that resisted drugs such as chloroquine that had previously held the malady at bay. At the beginning of the Chinese Cultural Revolution, the Chinese government launched a secret military project that aimed to devise a remedy for the deadly scourge. China was particularly motivated to prevail over malaria not only because it was a significant problem at home, but also because the Vietnamese government had asked for help. It was at war and the affliction was devastating its civilian and military populations.The covert operation, named Project 523 for the day it was announced—May 23, 1967—set out to battle chloroquine-resistant malaria. The clandestine nature of the enterprise and the political climate created a situation in which few scientific papers concerning the project were published for many years, the earliest ones were not accessible to the international community, and many details about the endeavor are still shrouded in mystery. In early 1969, Tu was appointed head of the Project 523 research group at her institute, where practitioners of traditional medicine worked side by side with modern chemists, pharmacologists, and other scientists. In keeping with Mao Zedong's urgings to "explore and further improve" the "great treasure house" oftraditional Chinese medicine, Tu combed ancient texts and folk remedies for possible leads. She collected 2000 candidate recipes, which she then winnowed. By 1971, her team had made 380 extracts from 200 herbs. The researchers then assessed whether these substances could clear Plasmodia from the bloodstream of mice infected with the parasite.One of the extracts looked particularly promising: Material from Qinghao (Artemisia annua L., or sweet wormwood) dramatically inhibited parasite growth in the animals. Such hopeful results, however, were not reproducible, so Tu dove back into the literature and scoured it for possible explanations.The first known medical description of Qinghao lies in a 2000-year-old document called "52 Prescriptions" (168 BCE) that had been unearthed from a Mawangdui Han Dynasty tomb. It details the herb's use for soothing hemorrhoids. Later texts also mention the plant's curative powers. Tu discovered a passage in the Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies (340 CE) by Ge Hong that referenced Qinghao's malaria-healing capacity. It said "Take a handful of Qinghao, soak in two liters of water, strain the liquid, and drink." She realized that the standard procedure of boiling and high-temperature extraction could destroy the active ingredient.With this idea in mind, Tu redesigned the extraction process, performing it at low temperatures with ether as the solvent. She also removed a harmful acidic portion of the extract that did not contribute to antimalarial activity, tracked the material to the leaves rather than other parts of the plant, and figured out when to harvest the herb to maximize yields. These innovations boosted potency and slashed toxicity. At a March 1972 meeting of the Project 523 group's key participants, she reported that the neutral plant extract —number 191—obliterated Plasmodia in the blood of mice and monkeys.From branch to bedsideLater that year, Tu and her team tested the substance on 21 people with malaria in the Hainan Province, an island off the southern coast of China. About half the patients were infected with Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest of the microbial miscreants, and about half were infected with Plasmodium vivax, the most common cause of a disease variant that is characterized by recurring fevers. In both groups, fever disappeared rapidly, as did blood-borne parasites.In the meantime, Tu started to home in on the active ingredient, using chromatography to separate the extract's components. On November 8, 1972, she and her colleagues obtained the pure substance. They named it Qinghaosu (literally, the principle of Qinghao) and it is now commonly called artemisinin in the west. Tu and her colleagues subsequently determined that it had an unusual structure. It proved to be a sesquiterpene lactone with a peroxide group, a completely different kind of compound than any known antimalarial drug. Later studies would show that theperoxide portion is essential for its lethal effects on the parasite.Subsequent clinical trials on 529 malaria cases confirmed that the crystal they had isolated delivers the antimalarial blow. Many scientists from other institutes then joined efforts to improve the extraction procedures and conduct clinical trials. The first English language report about artemisinin was in December 1979; as was customary at the time in China, the authors were anonymous. By that point, the China-wide Qinghaosu research group had given the substance to more than 2000 patients, some of whom had chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum malaria infections. In addition, the drug cured 131 of 141 individuals with cerebral malaria, a particularly severe form of the disease. Comparative studies on a small number of cases suggested that the drug acted more quickly than chloroquine did. The investigators reported no harmful side effects.The paper drew international attention. In October 1981, the scientific working group on the chemotherapy of malaria, sponsored by the WHO, the World Bank, and United Nations Development Business, invited Tu to present her findings at its fourth meeting. Her talk evoked an enthusiastic response. She told the audience not only about artemisinin, but also about some of its chemical derivatives. In 1973, as part of her structural studies, Tu had modified artemisinin to generate a compound called dihydroartemisinin. She later found that it delivers ten times more punch than artemisinin and that it reduces risk of disease recurrence. This compound provided the basis for other artemisinin-derived drugs. Starting in the mid 1970s, Guoqiao Li (Guangzhou College of Traditional Chinese Medicine) performed clinical trials with artemisinin and these substances. They all delivered more therapeutic clout than did standard drugs such as chloroquine and quinine. The derivatives tend to hold up better than the parent compound in the body, and they form the foundation of today's therapies.In 1980, Keith Arnold (Roche Far East Research Foundation, Hong Kong) joined Li's enterprise and two years later, they published the first high-profile clinical trial of artemisinin in a peer-reviewed, western journal. The same group then conducted the first randomized studies that compared artemisinin alone with the known anti-malarial agents, mefloquine and Fansidar (sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine). Artemisinin enhanced effectiveness without adding side effects. Li, Arnold, and others subsequently showed that suppository forms of artemisinin and its derivatives are effective. This mode of drug delivery is especially important for babies and unconscious patients.Almost every new antimalarial drug has initially slashed incidence of the disease, and then the parasites stop succumbing to it. At that point, sickness and death rates climb again. Small pockets of resistance to artemisinin-based compounds have already cropped up in Western Cambodia. To avoid resistance, patients typically take two drugs that attack the parasite in different ways, and since 2006, the WHO has discouraged use of artemisinin compounds as solo therapies. The organization nowrecommends several combination treatments, each of which contain an artemisinin-based compound plus an unrelated chemical.In 2001, the WHO signed an agreement with Novartis, the manufacturer of one of these drug combinations, Coartem®; it consists of artemether and lumefantrine, another antimalarial agent, which was originally synthesized by the Academy of Military Medical Sciences in Beijing. The company is supplying the drug at no profit to public health systems of countries where the disease is endemic. To date, Novartis has provided more than 400 million Coartem® treatments.Tu pioneered a new approach to malaria treatment that has benefited hundreds of millions of people and promises to benefit many times more. By applying modern techniques and rigor to a heritage provided by 5000 years of Chinese traditional practitioners, she has delivered its riches into the 21st century.By Evelyn Strauss屠呦呦获Lasker临床研究奖2011年的Lasker~Debakey临床成就奖颁给了一名中国女科学家，为了表彰其对青蒿素的发现和在治疗疟疾方面的杰出贡献，这名女科学家就是中国中医科学研究院的科学家屠呦呦。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
青蒿素是倍半萜烯的一种内过氧化物， 这种物质由于其极复杂的结构，因此很难被有效合成。 虽然在美国许多地区尤其是华盛顿特区的波多马克河岸也生长着大量艾属植物，但是其药物成分只有中国艾属植物的一半。因此，目前世界卫生组织和美国正联手致力于中国艾属植物的培育，使其早日在世界范围内被广泛应用。 近来的研究成果给未来医药使用传统药物作为新药补给重新带来了希望。
Hale Waihona Puke Artemisinin is an endoperoxide of the sesquiterpene lactone. The structure of this compound is too complex to be synthesized effectively. Artemisia is also found in many parts of the U.S., abundantly along the Potomac River in Washington, D.C., but the drug content of these varieties is only about half that of the Chinese variety, Currently, the WHO and the U.S. are jointly engaged in the cultivation of Chinese Artemisia for worldwide use. This recent development offers renewed hope for using traditional medicine to provide new drugs for future medicines.
近年来，从传统草本药物中提炼出来的青蒿素成为抗疟疾的常用药物。它是一种从青蒿属植物中分离出来的药物。青蒿属植物亦属于菊科，人们通常就把它称之为青蒿，是龙蒿的同类。 在中国，此类植物的提炼物传统上也被称为青蒿。 它在中国被用来治疗疟疾已有两千多年历史。 青蒿的活性成分，也就是青蒿素也是由中国科学家在二十世纪七十年代首次分离出来的。 这种物质不像奎宁和氯喹，它是无毒的，而且见效快，孕妇使用也很安全。 不仅如此，在对抗抗氯喹的恶性疟原虫疟疾以及治疗脑疟疾患者上使用此药，效果也很显著。 它可以直接有效的杀死寄生虫从而迅速控制寄生虫血症。 世界卫生组织已经在非洲和东南亚部分地区验证并确认了其控制寄生虫血症的效果。
Artemisinin is the most recent anti-malaria drug developed from plant-based traditional medicine. It is isolated from the leaves and flowers of Artemisia annual. (Compositae), commonly known as the sweet wormwood, a cousin of tarragon. Indigenous to China, the extract of this plant is traditionally known as the Qing Hao. It has been used to treat malaria in China for over 2000 years. Its active component, Artemisinin, was first isolated in 1970s by Chinese scientists. Unlike Quinine and Chloroquine, this compound is non-toxic rapid in effect, and safe for pregnant women. Furthermore, it is effective against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria and in patients with cerebral malaria. It kills the parasites directly so parasitemia is quickly controlled. This work was confirmed by WHO in Africa and other parts of Southeast Asia.