初高中英语衔接 句子的成分和基本句型
初高中衔接句子成分及基本句型
初高中衔接句子成分及基本句型一、考点、热点回顾【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。
（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
如：（1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语）（2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语）（3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语）（4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语）（5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语）（二）谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语）We study hard. （行为动词作谓语）We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
一般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语）She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语）We often help him.（代词作宾语）He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语）We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。
初高中英语衔接课程讲义句子的成分和基本句型
第四章句子的成分和基本句型句子成分：组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。
英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。
一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
例如:Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。
He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。
To learn English well is not easy.（不定式短语）学好英语不容易。
二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词．．充当。
例如：We work hard.我们努力工作。
The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。
He is my father. 他是我父亲。
They all look fine. 他们都很好。
谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。
例如：I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading.三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。
由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。
例如：Tom bought a story-book.（名词）汤姆买了一本故事书。
I saw him yesterday. （代词）昨天我看到他了。
He wanted to have a cup of tea. （不定式短语）他想要一杯茶。
直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
合称双宾。
例如：He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。
间接宾语直接宾语Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。
句子成分和基本的句型结构讲义初高中英语衔接课程
语法精讲：句子成分和基本句子结构知识点1 句子成分句子是表达思想的基本单位，主要句子成分（sentence elements）有主语（S）、谓语（V）、宾语（0）、补语（C）、状语（A）、表语（P）、定语（Attr.）等。
具体如下：1．主语（subject）：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。
如：The students are listening to me carefully. They want to learn English well. Learning English well isn't as hard as you think.学生们在认真听我讲课。
他们想学好英语，学好英语不像你想的那么难。
2.谓语(verb):说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。
如:He runs every morning.他每天早上跑步。
You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。
The students are playing basketball on the playground.学生们正在操场上打篮球。
The film is interesting.这部电影很有趣。
3.宾语(object):指动作所涉及的人或事物。
一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词或介词之后。
有的动词后面可以接两个宾语,通常把其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语(indirect object),把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语(direct object)。
如:He is going to buy a dictionary.他打算买本词典。
(动词的宾语)We should learn from him.我们应向他学习。
（介词的宾语）Lend me your book，please.请把你的书借给我。
初高衔接句子成分和五种基本句型课件
Tom makes jokes on Jerry. Jerry hates Tom.
Five basic sentence patterns in English 2. SV(主+不及物动词)
The mouse cried.
subject verb
The cat laughs. The mouse runs away.
【当堂检测】判断句子结构类型。
1) They smiled. S+V 2) The cat caught fire. S+V+O 3)The leaves turns yellow. S+P 4) Tom bought Jerry a gift. S+V+IO +DO
5) Jerry found Tom very funny . S+V+O+OC 6) Tom and Jerry swim in the lake. S+V+A 7) There are many flowers around the lake.
Tom &Jerry教你学会 简单句的基本句型
1.Master the basic sentence components of English.
掌握句子成分。
2. Analyze the structure of theห้องสมุดไป่ตู้sentences.
学会分析句子结构。
句子成分 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
系动词起连接主语和表语作用，本身有一定词义，它和实义动词一样有时
态变化，也受主语人称和数的影响。
常见的系动词主要有： (1)“状态”类：be (am，is，are，was，were) (2)“感官”类：look，sound，smell，taste，feel (3)“持续”类：keep，stay，remain，lie (4)“表象”类：seem, look, appear等 (5)“渐变”类：grow，turn，get，go，become (6)“证明”类：prove
初高中英语的衔接--句子的基本结构：简单句、并列句和复合句
基础语法（句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句）一、句子成分概述（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）成分导图概览：【例句】主语：Two thirds of the water is absorbed.谓语：1、简单谓语：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：You may keep the book for two weeks.【注】由系动词加表语也构成复合谓语。
如：We are students.表语：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）宾语：T hey went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）宾语补足语：His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）定语：G uilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）状语：Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）Wait a minute.（名词）Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）【巩固训练一】一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（＝）、谓语（—）、宾语（～）：I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we haveto water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs alongchannels to different parts of the garden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（）、状语[ ]、补语< >：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Pleasegive my best regards to your parents.四、选择填空：1. ____ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the manB. The man here nowC. The man who is here nowD. The man is here now2. The weather ____.A. wet and coldB. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold3. The apple tasted ____.A. sweetsB. sweetlyC. nicelyD. sweet4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.A. latelyB. lateC. latestD. latter5. The actor ______at the age of 70.A. deadB. diedC. dyedD. deaded6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.A. We, usB. Us, weC. We, ourD. We, we7. He found the street much ______.A. crowdB. crowdingC. crowdedD. crowdedly8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.A. itsB. itC. thatD. that is9. The dog ____ mad.A. looksB. is lookedC. is being lookedD. was looked10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.A. thatB. whenC. in whichD. where二、句子的种类（一）句子的分类导图【例句】判断下列句子所属：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in classHow clever the boy is!He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous.The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）简单句的五种基本句型及用法简介：英语基本句型有五个：S＋V，S＋V＋Cs，S＋V＋O，S＋V＋Oi＋Od，S＋V＋Od＋Co，其共有特征是主谓结构(S＋V)。
初高中知识衔接：句子成分
初高中知识衔接：句子成分& 五种简单基本句型温馨提示：高中教材中，无论是要点讲解，书面表达，还是从句学习都会涉及句子成分，任何一个句子都需要严格的语法结构来组成，否则就会出现错误的句子,读不懂句子或则在作文中丢分。
因此，在进入高中学习之前，同学们一定要掌握句子成分。
•S: Subject 主语；V: Verb 动词（谓语）；•O: Object 宾语；P: Predicative 表语；•OC: Object Complement 宾语补足语；•InO: Indirect Object 间接宾语；DO：Direct Object 直接宾语一．句子成分a. 主语（subject）：请画出下列句子的主语并思考由什么充当的主语：1. The sun rises in the east.2. He likes dancing.3. Twenty years is a short time in history.4. Seeing is believing.5. To see is to believe.6. What he needs is a book.7. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.总结：从以上7个句子我们可以知道，一个句子的主语可以由________ ___________充当。
b.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的请画出下列句子的谓语We study English.I sleep.He is asleep.c. . 表语（predicative）:常见系动词: be, sound（听）, look（看）, feel(摸)，smell（闻）, taste（吃）, remain，keep, stay（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）,变得（become, turn, go, get）,seem(似乎)，appear(好像)...e.g: 1.It sounds a good idea. 2.The boy looks smart.3.The food smells delicious.4.The food tastes good.5.The door remains open.6.Now I feel tired.7. The shop stays open until 12. 8. The food went bad.9. The room became dirty. 10. He keeps silent all day.请画出下列句子的表语：1. He is a teacher.2. He is kind.3. His father is away.4. The picture is on the wall.归纳总结：一个句子的表语可以有__________ _________ ________ __________ 等充当。
初高中英语衔接--基本句型结构及句子成分 学案
基本句型结构及句子成分简单句：只存在一个主谓关系的句子，即一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成。
并列句：当我们需要把几个意思连在一起时，可用标点符号或等立连词或连接副词把几个简单句连接成一个并列句。
它们之间的关系是同等的。
复合句：当一个句子由一个主句和一个从句构成时，这就是复合句。
复合句的主语往往可以独立存在，从句则只作一个句子成分。
五大基本句型一.主+ 谓（SV）这种句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词，没有直接宾语；但常带有状语。
1．她昨天回家很晚。
2．会议将持续两个小时。
二主+ 谓+ 宾（SVO）这一句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，那么它必须带有自己的宾语。
在英文中，当一个动词（包括单个动词和动词短语）作及物动词用时，它必须要有自己的宾语（除非是宾语在上下文里很明确地提到过，为避免不必要的重复，才会省去。
），否则会视为"句子不完整"。
1．昨晚我写了一封信。
2．今天下午我想同你谈谈。
3．这本书他读过多次了。
4．那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
三主+ 系+ 表（SVP）句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做(连)系动词。
1．冬季白天短，夜晚长2．十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。
3．孩子们很少保持安静。
4．她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。
5．他失业了。
6．树叶已经变黄了7．这个报告听起来很有意思四.主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语（SVOO）此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语："间接宾语"多由代词或名词充当；"直接宾语"，往往由名词充当。
这类句型常有"给某人某物"、"送某人某物"、"留给某人某物"等意思。
1．Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。
2．奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
3．请把那本字典递给我好吗？4．他把车票给列车员看。
初高衔接英语句子成分及基本句型(共26张PPT)
He worked hard today.
Action speaks louder than words.
He can speak English well.
She doesn’t like dancing.
（三）表语（predicative）用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态、身 份等，位于系动词之后。一般由名词、代词、数词、形容词、 副词、不定
形容词
2. We try to make our country strong.
3. We found everything in good order there. 介词短语
4. I should advise you to get the chance. 5. I saw him going upstairs. 6. They found the house broken in.
补语 补足主语和宾语的意义
形容词，名词，介词 短语等
She always keeps the house clean.
主谓是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！
（一）主语（subject）是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。 表示句子说的是什么人或什么事。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不
是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名 词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
Walls have ears.
名词
He will take you to the hospital. 代词
Three plus four equals seven. 数词
5.主+谓+宾+宾补 （S+ Vt+ O+ OC）
初高中衔接内容句子成分以及五种简单句型课件(共38张)
c 6. Please look at the picture. _____
句子主干确定方法 1) 找谓语： 【步骤1】找出句子中所有动词
【步骤2】只有表示时态的动词才能 充当句子的谓语
2) 找主语： 【方法1】谓语前面的名词/名词短语 /pron./to do/doing为主语; 【方法2】若谓语前面的代词it没有 实义, 则其为形式主语, 真正主语为句 末的to do/doing/从句。
例如：teach, say, speak, tell, disappear
2. 助动词：
本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语。 后+实义动词， 通常用于帮助构成疑问和否定。
be/have/do/will
3. 情态动词：
表达人的情感和态度, 有实际意义。 特点：1) 没有人称和数的变化 2) 后面接动词原形
句法 Syntax
句子成分与结构
本节知识点
一. 八大词性 二. 句子成分
三. 五种简单句型(句子主干确定法)
动词？ 动词主要用来表示具体动作
动次打次...
实义动词 情态动词 动词的分类 助动词 连系动词
1. 实义动词：
有实际意义，能独立作谓语。 分类： 其后是否带有宾语 及物动词和不及物动词
比较定冠词和不定冠词 冠词分为不定冠词a/an和定冠词the 1) 泛指用a/an; 特指用the; I want to buy a car. I love the car.
山里有座庙 There is a temple.
庙里有个老和尚。
There is an old mon语（subject）
句子的陈述对象或动作的执行者
e.g. That apple is red. 那个苹果是红色的 名词做主语 e.g. Five and four makes nine. 四加五等于九 数词做主语 e.g. Running is good for health. 跑步有益于健康 动名词做主语 e.g. To become a nurse is my wish. 成为一名护士 是我的心愿 动词不定式做主语
初高英语衔接《英语句子成分及基本结构》PPT课件41张
（一）句子成分的定义
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有 主要成分和次要成分；
主要成分有主语和谓语；
次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和 同位语。
（二）句子的具体成分
• 主语（subject)：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体 ，主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么 ”或“是谁”。
4. They are our good friends. 5. What he said was right. 6. Eight is a lucky number in China .
•9、要学生做的事，教职员躬亲共做；要学生学的知识，教职员躬亲共学；要学生守的规则，教职员躬亲共守。2021/8/312021/8/31Tuesday, August 31, 2021 •10、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出的人谈话。2021/8/312021/8/312021/8/318/31/2021 8:12:36 AM •11、只有让学生不把全部时间都用在学习上，而留下许多自由支配的时间，他才能顺利地学习……（这）是教育过程的逻辑。2021/8/312021/8/312021/8/31Aug-2131-Aug-21 •12、要记住，你不仅是教课的教师，也是学生的教育者，生活的导师和道德的引路人。2021/8/312021/8/312021/8/31Tuesday, August 31, 2021
找出下列句子的宾语
• ① My brother hasn’t done his homework. • ② People all over the world speak English. • ④ How many new words did you learn last class? • ⑤ Some of the students in the school want • to go swimming . • ⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
初高衔接英语句子成分及基本句型课件-高中英语初高中衔接
S
Vt
IO DO
2）Grandma cooked us a nice meal.
S
Vt
IO DO
3）She gave the baby a bath.
S Vt
IO
DO
4）The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.
S
Vt
IO
DO
5.主+谓+宾+宾补 （S+ Vt+ O+ OC）
1. I like English.
n.
2. I don't like it.
pron.
3. I enjoy working.
v-ing
4. Give me four please. num.
5. We need know what others are doing. 句子
（五）定语（attribute）：修饰名词或代词， 单词作定语通常放在所修饰的名词之前，前置定语 短语或从句做定语时则放在名词之后。后置定语
7. I have nothing to eat.
to do非谓作后置定语
（六）状语(adverbial )：修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句，表示 动作发生的地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情 况等。
常见作状语：副词、介词短语、非谓语（doing、done、 to do)、
when/while/as …时间状语从句
定语 用来修饰名词或代词
形，代，数，名,
We have eight lessons every day.
副，介词短语或句子
状语
修饰动词，形容词，副词或句子 副词，介词短语或句 表示动作发生的时间，地点， 子 原因，目的，方式，结果等
初升高英语无忧衔接及新课预习(全国)衔接点12 句子成分及基本句型(解析版)
衔接点12句子成分及基本句型（初高考点差异及衔接）【初中句子成分及基本句型考点聚焦】一.英语句子的成分一般包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语和表语等七类。
（1）主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的对象。
由名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式充当。
He is a student.他是一名学生。
（代词he 作主语）（2）谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征。
由动词或动词短语充当。
She loves cats.她喜爱猫。
（动词love 作谓语）（3）宾语：指谓语动作所涉及的人或物。
一般由名词或代词充当。
We speak Chinese.我们讲汉语。
（名词Chinese 作宾语）（4）定语：对名词或代词进行修饰、限定或说明。
主要由形容词、代词、数词等充当。
I like light music.我喜欢轻音乐。
（形容词light 作定语）（5）补语：主要用于对宾语的补充和说明。
一般由名词、动词的非谓语形式、形容词充当。
He will buy me a gift.他将给我买份礼物。
（a gift 作宾语me 的补语）（6）状语：说明事物发生的时间、地点、原因、方式或条件等。
一般由副词或状语从句充当。
He is watching TV at home.他在家看电视。
（at home 作状语指明动作发生的地点）（7）表语：说明主语身份、特征、属性和状态，位于系动词后面。
由名词、形容词等充当。
My father is a writer.我父亲是一名作家。
（a writer 作表语）二.六种基本句型分析下列句子成分1.Our school is not far from my home.2.It is a great pleasure to talk with you3.All of us considered him honest.4.My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5.He broke a piece of glass.6.He made it clear that he would leave the city．7.---I love you more than her，child8.Tees turn green when spring comes.9.They pushed the door open.10.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.11.Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．12.We will make our school more beautiful.13.He didn't come．That is why he didn't know．14.She showed us her many of her pictures.15.The old man lives a lonely life.1.主语＋系动词＋表语2.主语＋系动词＋表语3.主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语4.主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语5.主语＋及物动词＋宾语6.主语＋动词＋形式宾语it＋宾语补足语+宾语7.主语＋及物动词＋宾语8.主语＋系动词＋表语9.主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语10.主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语11.主语＋系动词＋表语12.主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语13.主语＋系动词＋表语14.主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语15.主语＋不及物动词【高中句子成分及基本句型考点聚焦】考纲解读句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
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句子的成分和基本句型句子成分：组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。
英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。
一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
例如:Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。
He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。
To learn English well is not easy.（不定式短语）学好英语不容易。
二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词．．充当。
例如：We work hard.我们努力工作。
The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。
He is my father. 他是我父亲。
They all look fine. 他们都很好。
谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。
例如：I am reading. Y ou are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading.三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。
由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。
例如：Tom bought a story-book.（名词）汤姆买了一本故事书。
I saw him yesterday. （代词）昨天我看到他了。
He wanted to have a cup of tea. （不定式短语）他想要一杯茶。
直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
合称双宾。
例如：He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。
间接宾语直接宾语Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。
间接宾语直接宾语四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。
例如：My sister is a nurse.（名词）我的姐姐是一名护士。
They were at home.（介词短语）他们在家里。
She got angry. （形容词）她生气了。
Her grandfather is over eighty years old.（数词）她的祖父八十多岁了。
五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词外，还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。
例如：This is a green cup.（形容词）这是一个绿色的杯子。
Are these students your classmates? （代词）这些学生是你班的吗？Winter is the coldest season of the year.（介词短语）冬天是一年中最冷的季节。
I have something important to tell you.（不定式）我有重要的事情要告诉你。
The people here are very friendly.（副词）这里的人们非常友好。
注意：形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前。
而介词短语、不定式短语或副词等作定语时则放在被修饰的词之后。
六、状语——状语是修饰动词、形容词、或副词的，有的修饰全句。
可以作状语的主要是副词和介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等。
例如：You are quite right .（副词）你非常正确。
Mr.Wu comes to the school by bike.(介词短语) 吴老师骑自行车上学校。
She will arrive in Beijing on Monday. （介词短语）她将于星期一到达北京。
He stopped to have a look. （不定式短语）他停下来看了看。
七、宾语补足语——有些及物动词的宾语后边还需要有一个补足语，意思才能够完整。
宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。
例如：We call her Xiao L i.宾语宾语补足语You must keep the room clean and tidy.宾语宾语补足语John asked me to help him with his Chinese.宾语宾语补足语I will have my hair cut tomorrow.宾语宾语补足语We saw the boy playing basketball on the playground just n ow.宾语宾语补足语句子成分巧记歌诀主谓宾表定状补，七种成分记清楚。
句子主干主谓宾（表），枝叶成分定状补。
定语修饰主宾表，宾语之后常有补。
主谓人称数一致，状语位置最灵活。
Exercises:指出下列句子中划线部分的成分。
1．We all study hard at English.A. 主语B. 谓语C. 宾语D.表语2．Betty likes her new bike very much.A. 主语B.谓语C.宾语D.表语3．My brother is a policeman.A. 主语B.谓语C.宾语D.表语4．Were you at home last night?A.定语B.状语C.宾补D.表语5．Winter is the coldest season of the year.A 定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语6．He often walks in the park.A.定语B.状语C.宾语D.表语7．Mary asked me to help her yesterday.A.定语B.状语C.宾补D.表语8．He bought me a nice present last week.A.宾语B.直接宾语C.间接宾语D.宾补9．His parents are doctors.A.宾语B.表语C.谓语D.定语10．I’ll get you some tea now.A.宾语B.直接宾语C.间接宾语D.宾补11．My mother told us an interesting story last night.A.表语B.直接宾语C.间接宾语D.宾补12．He has read the book twice.A.主语B.谓语C.表语D.宾语13．They seemed unhappy when they heard the news.A.表语B.谓语C.宾语D.定语14．Do you have something to eat ?A.状语B.定语C.宾语D.宾补15．We made him our monitor.A.宾语B.定语C. 状语D.宾补简单句的基本句型：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）所构成的句子叫简单句。
根据句子的基本结构，简单句分为5种基本句型：1．S＋V;（主语＋不及物动词）I can swim. 我会游泳。
主语谓语（不及物动词）Everything changes. 万物都在变。
主语谓语The plane has already arrived. 飞机已经抵达。
主语谓语2．S＋V＋O;（主语＋＋及物动词＋宾语）I like English. 我喜欢英语。
主语谓语宾语They are reading books . 他们在看书。
主语. 谓语宾语He bought a computer last week. 他上周买了台电脑。
主语谓语宾语3．S＋V＋P;（主语＋连系动词＋表语）My mother is a scientist. 我母亲是个科学家。
主语谓语表语She looks young. 她看上去很年轻。
主语谓语表语The food tastes very delicious. 这食物尝起来很香。
主语谓语表语4．S＋V＋IO＋DO;（主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）My mother bought me a dictionary yesterday. 我母亲昨天给我买了本字典。
主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语Can you give me the math book? 你能给我那本数学书吗？谓语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语Will you tell us something about your school life? 你给我讲讲你们的学习生活，好吗？谓语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语5．S＋V＋O＋Oc;（主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋补语）We must keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我们必须保持教室干净、整洁。
主语谓语宾语宾语补足语My mother asks me to speak English as much as possible. 我母亲要求我尽可能多地讲英语。
主语谓语宾语宾语补足语I heard her singing happily in the room just now. 刚才我听到她在房间里高兴地唱着歌。
主语谓语宾语宾语补足语简单句五种基本句型巧记歌诀：英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。
句型种类看动词，后接成分是关键。
系词之后接表语，不及物后无需连。
及物又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见。
还有宾语补足语，各种搭配记心间。
Exercises:指出下列句子的基本类型1．They are listening.2．My mother is fifty now.3．I have bought three books.4．My friend gave me a birthday present.5．I painted the wall white.6．The boss often makes the workers work twelve hours a day. 7．They arrived at six o’clock.8．The map is on the wall9．Children often sing this song.10．Mr Wu teaches us English.11．She showed her friends all her pictures.12．I find him a lovely boy.。