〖加17套高考模拟卷〗湖南岳阳第一中学2020-2021学年高三下学期第一次质量检测物理试题含解析
湖南省岳阳市第一中学高三第一次模拟考试新高考语文试卷及答案解析
湖南省岳阳市第一中学高三第一次模拟考试新高考语文试卷考生请注意：1．答题前请将考场、试室号、座位号、考生号、姓名写在试卷密封线内，不得在试卷上作任何标记。
2．第一部分选择题每小题选出答案后，需将答案写在试卷指定的括号内，第二部分非选择题答案写在试卷题目指定的位置上。
3．考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
1、阅读下面的文字，完成各题。
乡村宁静郭军平身处乡村，耳边既没有汽车的喧哗声，也没有城市楼房建筑的轰鸣声。
乡村当然也有声音，但是这一点声音恰似来衬托乡村的宁静的，而不是给乡村带来热闹的。
细听乡村的声音，是田间那一声又一声忽长忽短的蟋蟀的清鸣，是唤起儿时记忆的“知了，知了”的鸣叫，是隐藏于绿树草丛里的一声又一声的锦鸡的“咕咕”声或“嘎嘎”声。
“蝉噪林愈静，鸟鸣山更幽”，这用来形容乡村的声音是恰好不过的。
有了宁静的意境，也就有了一幅淡泊的味道。
是的，身处乡村，灵魂仿佛一下子清净了许多，那些功名利禄啊，那些争长论短啊，那些燥烦啊，一下子好似鬼魅一样跑的无影无踪。
然而，当乡村从眼前消失的时候，那些鬼魅却又不知怎么神不知鬼不觉地钻了出来，占据你的心灵，啃噬着你的宁静和淡泊，以至于让你无法安静下来好好地读一本书。
乡村的宁静看来是具有极大地调节心灵的作用。
这也难怪那些古代的大儒大贤在著书立说之时，常常喜欢隐居于乡村。
环境塑造心灵。
乡村的宁静有利于内心的安静。
倘若要解决一个冥思苦想而不得的问题，或者是在灵感无法到达自己身边的时候，我想最好的办法还是回到乡村。
在这里，也许一切复杂的想不开的问题都会迎刃而解，也许干涸的心灵之田也会遇到一股清清的艺术之泉的浇灌。
乡村是无言的大书，是老子的大道归真、道法自然。
宁静的乡村让你可以放下所有的恩怨、所有的负重，在宁静的乡村里你会变得目光清澈，心胸开阔。
身处宁静的乡村，也许我们就能很快走进那些古代田园诗人们的心灵，享受他们诗文里营造的意境，与他们一起欣赏斜阳，倾听天籁。
2020-2021学年岳阳市第一中学高三英语模拟试题及参考答案
2020-2021学年岳阳市第一中学高三英语模拟试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AGetting your kid to bed at night is seriously one of the most challenging things you'll ever have to do. Most kids are just so full of energy that they'll tire you out before they're halfway through their store of energy. An easy thing to calm down your child to get into bed is giving in and allowing some iPad screen time. However, it's really not a great idea, just like you thought.Researchers at theArizonaStateUniversityconducted a study with 547 kids between the ages of 7 to 9. Their parents tracked how much screen time the kids were allowed along with their sleep patterns. The study found that kids who did not engage in screen time before bed slept for 23 more minutes every week and also went to sleep about 34 minutes earlier than those playing with iPad. Although that might not seem like so much more time, quality of sleep is vastly important in Children's development.The CDC's (美国疾病控制中心)2018 National Youth Risk Survey outlines that good quality sleep can impact a child's life in many ways, including affecting grades and also weight gain. Students with an "A" average slept for 30 or more minutes per night than those with a "D" or"F" average.A 2018PennsylvaniaStateUniversitystudy showed that children with irregular bedtimes had a higher risk of having increased body weight. Those with consistent and age-appropriate bedtimes when they were 9 years old had a healthier BMI (体质指数)at age 15 than those with irregular bedtimes.Hard as it is, it's really important not to give in and hand over an iPad to your child who is about to go to bed. Just like it's important for adults to go to sleep without any distractions, it's even more important for kids.1. What do the findings of the researchers at theArizonaStateUniversitysuggest?A. More sleep is necessary for children's development.B. Enough sleep helps improve academic performances.C. Screen time before bed leads to later and less sleep.D. Children sleeping irregularly are easy to gain weight.2. What is the text mainly about?A. How is screen time affecting teenagers?B. What are negative effects of irregular bedtimes?C. When should you get your kid to bed at night?D. Why is screen time before bed a bad idea for kids?3. Who is the text intended for?A. Parents.B. Children.C. Teachers.D. Researchers.BBeing an Olympian (奥运会选手) demands focus, determination, and a competitive spirit. Plus, representing your country is a lot of pressure. However, two athletes recently showed the world another quality that is definitely worth championing.Qatar's Mutaz Essa Barshim and Italy's Gianmarco Tamberi were competing in the high jump on Sunday when they reached a stalemate (僵局). Both men had managed to jump over a surprising 2.37 meters with no faults along the way. However, after three attempts neither managed the next level of 2.39 meters.An Olympic official suggested ajump-offbetween the two friends and rivals (竞争对手) to determine who would get the gold medal. But Barshim had another plan to reward their efforts.“Can we have two golds?” he asked the official.The official agreed and the two men jumped for joy. This was the first time a gold medal had been shared since 1912. “He is one of my best friends, not only on the track, but outside the track. We work together. This is a dream come true.” shared Barshim.The decision to share the medal was particularly meaningful to Tamberi. The Italian had suffered an ankle injury that prevented him from competing in the Rio Olympics in 2016, and it nearly put an end to his career altogether. So this year he brought along his cast to this year's Olympics with “Road to Tokyo 2021” to inspire him along the way.For Barshim, the gold has topped off his already impressive medal collection, having received a bronze and a silver medal in 2012 and 2016 respectively.Despite all the glory of receiving a gold medal for their countries, their achievement means so much more. These two individuals, trying to do their very best for their countries, have provided a wonderful example to all those competing in sports. They've summed up exactly what it means to take part in a global event with a generous and compassionate (有同情心的) spirit.4. What happened to Barshim and Tamberi in the competition?A. They ended in a tie.B. They quit the competition.C. They set a new record.D. They ran out of strength.5. What does the underlined word “jump-off” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Debate.B. Vote.C. Celebration.D. Extra round.6. Why was the gold medal particularly meaningful to Tamberi?A. It could bring him a lot of money.B. It may make up for his regret in 2016.C. It was a glory for his country.D. It could complete his medal collection.7. What does the author mainly want to convey in the text?A. The importance of sharing.B. The glory of winning gold medals.C. The valuable and special team spirit.D. The considerate and sharing Olympic spirit.CThe World Wildlife Fund (WWF) says more than half of the world’s wildlife population has been lost, whichthe conservation group says has placed the health of the planet at risk.The WWF recently released its 10th Flagship Living Planet Report. The group warns the condition of the world's animals is worse than its earlier reports showed, indicating worldwide action is needed.The WWF is worried about the loss of and damage to Earth’s environment. The report provides information about more than 10,000 animal populations from 1970 to 2010. These populations are called “vertebrate species,” or animals with backbones — like fish, birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles. The report shows these populations have dropped by 52 percent in just 40 years. It warns freshwater species have fallen by 76 percent, which is almost twice the loss of land and ocean species. Most of these losses are in the tropics, with the biggest drop inLatin America.Marco Lambertini, the WWF’s International Director-General said, “This is about losing natural habitats. This is aboutconvertingforests, grasslands, and wetlands into agriculture mainly, and it is about unsustainable use of wildlife. Illegal hunting has been actually increasing over the last 10 years, which definitely a driving force for extinction, particularly of large species.”The report also notes what it calls the world’s “Ecological Footprint”, that is, the effect of human activities on the planet. Mr. Lambertini says there has been an increase in carbon dioxide gases and the pouring of nitrogen into oceans and rivers from fertilizers used in agriculture, which certainly cannot continue.“We are consuming on average every year about the equivalent of about 1.5, one and a half times the resources available to the planet. That means we are cutting trees more quickly than they can be restored. We are fishing the oceans more quickly than fishing stocks can reproduce, and we are emitting in the atmosphere more CO2than the natural systems can actually absorb, which is clearly not sustainable.”Mr. Lambertini warns climate change affects almost everyone on the planet and that whole species may disappear if the world does not reduce the effects of humans on the climate.8. According to the passage, what kind of species faces the biggest drop in population?A. Land and ocean species.B. Animals with backbones.C. Freshwater species inLatin America.D. Freshwater species in the tropics.9. All the following can contribute to the loss of world’s wildlife population EXCEPT ________.A. turning wildlife habitats into agriculture land.B. making sustainable use of wildlife.C. hunting illegally.D. emitting CO2 gases and pouring nitrogen.10. Which does the underlined word “converting” in paragraph 4 mean?A. Conserving.B. Conveying.C. Exchanging.D. Transforming.11. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A. Marco is much concerned about human’s current behaviors towards wildlife.B. what the planet provides now can satisfy human’s sustainable development.C. more than half of the world’s wildlife population has been lost.D. if humans reduce the effects on the climate, the whole species will not disappear.DYour house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less selfconscious (难为情) when they’re in poorly lit places—and so more likely to eat lots offood. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the color1 s. Research suggests warm color1 s fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm color1 s like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold color1 s make us feel less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.Don’t forget the clock—or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories (卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makesyou less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12inch plate instead of a 10inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake (摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.12. The text is especially helpful for those who care about ____________.A. their home comfortsB. their body shapeC. house buyingD.healthy diets13. A home environment in blue can help people ______________.A. digest food betterB. reduce food intakeC. burn more caloriesD. regain their appetites14. What are people advised to do at mealtimes?A. Eat quickly.B. Play fast music.C. Use smaller spoons.D. Turn down the lights.15. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Is Your House Making You Fat?B. Waysof Serving DinnerC. Effects of SelfConsciousnessD. Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
【附加15套高考模拟试卷】湖南省岳阳市一中2020届高三第一次模拟考试数学(文)试卷含答案
湖南省岳阳市一中2020届高三第一次模拟考试数学（文）试卷一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1．已知圆C ：22430x y x +-+=，则圆C 关于直线4y x =--的对称圆的方程是（ ） A ．22(4)(6)1x y +++=B ．22(6)(4)1x y +++=C ．22(5)(7)1x y +++= D ．22(7)(5)1x y +++=2．阅读下面的程序框图，运行相应的程序，则输出S 的值为（ ）A ．3B ．1C ．0D ．-13．《九章算术》给出求羡除体积的“术”是：“并三广，以深乘之，又以袤乘之，六而一”，其中的“广”指羡除的三条平行侧棱的长，“深”指一条侧棱到另两条侧棱所在平面的距离，“袤”指这两条侧棱所在平行线之间的距离，用现代语言描述：在羡除111ABC A B C -中，111AA //BB //CC ，1AA a =，1BB b =，1CC c =，两条平行线1AA 与1BB 间的距离为h ，直线1CC 到平面11AA B B 的距离为h'，则该羡除的体积为()hh'V a b c .6=++已知某羡除的三视图如图所示，则该羡除的体积为( )A ．33B ．53C ．43 D ．234．已知函数()coslnxf x x x ππ=+-，若22018201920192019ff f πππ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫+++= ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭L ()1009ln 0,0)a b a b π+>>（，则11a b+的最小值为（ ）A ．2B ．4C ．6D ．85．一个圆锥的母线长为2，圆锥的母线与底面的夹角为4π，则圆锥的内切球的表面积为( ) A ．8πB ．24(22)π-C ．24(22)π+ D ．232(22)49π-6．已知函数()()()2sin 0012f x x f πωϕϕ⎛⎫=+<<= ⎪⎝⎭，且，若函数()f x 的图象关于49x π=对称，则ω的取值可以是 A ．1B ．2C ．3D ．47．我国南宋著名数学家秦九韶提出了由三角形三边求三角形面积的“三斜求积”，设ABC ∆的三个内角,,A B C 所对的边分别为,,a b c ，面积为S ，则“三斜求积”公式为222222142a c b S a c ⎡⎤⎛⎫+-=-⎢⎥ ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦，若222sin 2sin ,()6a C A a c b =+=+，则用“三斜求积”公式求得ABC ∆的面积为（ ）A ．32 B ． C ．12 D ．18．如图，将半径为1的圆分成相等的四段弧，再将四段弧围成星形（阴影部分）放在圆内，现在向圆内任投一点，此点落在星形区域内的概率为（ ）A ．11π-B ．1π C ．2π D ．41π-9．一个几何体的三视图如图所示，则该几何体的表面积为（ ）A．2 B．52C．22+D．231+10．ABC∆内角,,A B C所对的边分别是,,a b c，则“cos cosa Ab B=”是“A B=”的（）A．充分不必要条件B．必要不充分条件C．充分必要条件 D．既不充分也不必要条件11．用0与1两个数字随机填入如图所示的5个格子里，每个格子填一个数字，并且从左到右数，不管数到哪个格子，总是1的个数不少于0的个数，则这样填法的概率为（）A．532B．516C．1132D．111612．《九章算术》是我国古代著名数学经典.其中对勾股定理的论述比西方早一千多年，其中有这样一个问题：“今有圆材埋在壁中，不知大小.以锯锯之，深一寸，锯道长一尺.问径几何？”其意为：今有一圆柱形木材，埋在墙壁中，不知其大小，用锯去锯该材料，锯口深一寸，锯道长一尺.问这块圆柱形木料的直径是多少？长为1丈的圆柱形木材部分镶嵌在墙体中，截面图如图所示(阴影部分为镶嵌在墙体内的部分).已知弦1AB=尺，弓形高1CD=寸，估算该木材镶嵌在墙中的体积约为( )(注：1丈10=尺100=寸，3.14π≈，5sin22.513≈o)A．600立方寸B．610立方寸C．620立方寸D．633立方寸二、填空题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分。
2020-2021学年岳阳市第一中学高三语文一模试卷及答案解析
2020-2021学年岳阳市第一中学高三语文一模试卷及答案解析一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
材料一：中国美学的问题之一在于，依托现代性知识型的生成而产生的具象而精致的身体审美感性如何与逐渐被挖空和风干的中国古典心性传统重新接通。
当来自现代性传统的交响乐、芭蕾舞、话剧、油画等不断挤压古典式琵琶、戏曲、水墨画等的生存空间，并迫使其面向现代性而寻求转化时，由此产生的新的身体审美感性又该如何去与业已变得水土不服、气息奄奄的中国古典式心性传统相匹配呢？显然，中国古典式心性传统本身的现代性转化也同样变得重要而又急迫了。
中国人的现代性身体感性文化必须和只能与中国人的现代性心性文化相匹配。
蔡元培在“五四”时期倡导“美育代宗教”时的致命疏忽在于，多满足于身体感性的现代性转化而少关注心性传统的现代性转化，而后者更具重要性。
今天，在追究这类问题时，不妨重温六朝宗炳《画山水序》的观点：“夫以应目会心为理者，类之成巧，则目亦同应，心亦俱会。
应会感神，神超理得。
”“万趣融其神思。
……畅神而已。
”宗炳在此倡导的“应目”“会心”和“畅神”三环节的整合相应之说，在清代叶燮的主张“呈于象、感于目、会于心”中获得回应。
在宗炳与叶燮两人之间略作比较，“应目”与“感于目”“会心”与“会于心”之间单从字面上看是无甚差别的，只是宗炳的“畅神”显示了对一种积极的深层心灵至乐的发现和肯定。
这使我想到，美学在当代要继续处理现代中国悬而未决的问题：中国人的身体感觉与心灵鉴赏如何完美融合？在这个意义上，美学在当代可以成为一门身感心赏之学，实现身体感觉与心灵鉴赏的融合。
冯友兰指出：“哲学底活动，是对于事物之心观。
……艺术底活动，是对于事物之心赏或赏玩。
心观只是观，所以纯是理智底；心赏或赏玩则带有情感。
”这里被叠用的“心赏”与“赏玩”，实际上正是指心灵的情感游戏，与康德有关想象力的自由游或之说相通。
艺术作为心赏，在这里应是指一种在身体感觉中满足心灵提升需要的自由游戏。
2021届湖南省岳阳市第一中学高三第一次模拟考试数学(理)试题Word版含解析
2021届湖南省岳阳市第一中学高三第一次模拟考试数学（理）试题第Ⅰ卷（共60分）一、选择题：本大题共12个小题,每小题5分,共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1. 已知为虚数单位，若复数满足，则（）A. B. C. D.【答案】A【解析】分析：题设中复数满足的等式可以化为，利用复数的四则运算可以求出.详解：由题设有，故，故选A.点睛：本题考查复数的四则运算和复数概念中的共轭复数，属于基础题.2. 已知集合，，则（）A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】分析：集合为函数的值域，集合为函数的定义域，分别求出它们后可求出交集及其补集.详解：，，故，所以，故选C.点睛：本题为集合和函数性质的综合题，一般地，表示函数的值域，表示函数的定义域，解题中注意集合中代表元的含义.3. 将棱长相等的正方体按下图所示的形状摆放，从上往下依次为第1层，第2层，第3层，…，则第2018层正方体的个数共有（）A. 2018B. 4028C. 2037171D. 2009010【答案】C【解析】分析：从第二层开始，每层的正方体的个数与上层的正方体的个数的差是一个等差数列，其公差为，因此可得到每层正方体个数的通项，根据通项求第层的正方体的个数.详解：设第的正方体的个数为，则，，所以，即，故，故选C.点睛：本题考查通项的求法，一般地，如果数列满足，我们用累加法（或叠加法）求数列的通项，注意其中.4. 已知，那么（）A. B. C. D.【答案】A【解析】分析：先把变形为，而，故可以利用诱导公式和二倍角公式求解.详解：因为，故，故选A.... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...5. 元代数学家朱世杰的数学名著《算术启蒙》是中国古代代数学的通论，其中关于“松竹并生”的问题：松长五尺，竹长两尺，松日自半，竹日自倍，松竹何日而长等.下图是源于其思想的一个程序图，若，，则输出的（）A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 6【答案】B【解析】分析：根据流程图中的可知，每次循环的值应是一个等比数列，公比为；根据流程图中的可知，每次循环的值应是一个等比数列，公比为，根据每次循环得到的的值的大小决定循环的次数即可.详解：记执行第次循环时，的值记为有，则有；记执行第次循环时，的值记为有，则有.令，则有，故，故选B.点睛：本题为算法中的循环结构和数列通项的综合，属于中档题，解题时注意流程图中蕴含的数列关系（比如相邻项满足等比数列、等差数列的定义，是否是求数列的前和、前项积等）.6. 已知函数，若，则等于（）A. -3B. -1C. 3D. 0【答案】D【解析】分析：因为题设中给出了的值，要求的值，故应考虑两者之间满足的关系. 详解：由题设有，故有，所以，从而，故选D.点睛：本题考查函数的表示方法，解题时注意根据问题的条件和求解的结论之间的关系去寻找函数的解析式要满足的关系.7. 设抛物线上一点到轴的距离为，到直线的距离为，则的最小值为（）A. 2B.C.D. 3【答案】A【解析】分析：题设的直线与抛物线是相离的，可以化成，其中是点到准线的距离，也就是到焦点的距离，这样我们从几何意义得到的最小值，从而得到的最小值. 详解：由①得到，，故①无解，所以直线与抛物线是相离的.由，而为到准线的距离，故为到焦点的距离，从而的最小值为到直线的距离，故的最小值为，故选A.点睛：抛物线中与线段的长度相关的最值问题，可利用抛物线的几何性质把动线段的长度转化为到准线或焦点的距离来求解.8. 已知函数，若，的图象恒在直线的上方，则的取值范围是（）A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】的图象恒在直线的上方,即恒成立，当k=0时，的取值范围是.故答案为：C.9. 岳阳高铁站进站口有3个闸机检票通道口，高考完后某班3个同学从该检票进站到外地旅游，如果同一个人进的闸机检票通道口选法不同，或几个人进同一个闸机检票通道口但次序不同，都视为不同的进站方式，那么这3个同学的不同进站方式有（）种。
2020-2021学年岳阳市第一中学高三英语模拟试卷及参考答案
2020-2021学年岳阳市第一中学高三英语模拟试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AHottest Travel DestinationsSometimes figuring out the best place to go can be difficult. Here are some hottest travel destinations that offer some of the most beautiful, artistic, and fashionable places on the globe.Ibiza, SpainWhile Ibiza is knownas a party city, there is far more to do in this historic town than simply drink and dance under the stars. Built mainly in the second century, it’s a world heritage site with architecture dating back to as early as the 7th century. Don’t miss Charo Ruiz, Ibiza’s most famous fashion brand. Plus, the Ibiza Fashion Festival takes place every June.Tangier, MoroccoKnown as the “door to Africa”, Tangier has a rich and complex history dating back thirty centuries. It has all the beauty of the natural world. After spending a morning sunbathing by the Mediterranean Sea, get in some amazing shopping and discover great deals on everything. Before you head home, stop off in Marakesh to visit some of the top Moroccan designers.Havana, CubaStepping onto the streets of Havana feels like stepping back in time. For a day of sightseeing, check out the remaining architecture of Old Havana, which was built ten centuries ago. You can easily do it with one of the area’s many walking tours. Or visit the Museum of Rum for a taste of the island’s most popular wine. You might come across a clothing shop offering some classic finds!Melbourne AustraliaBuilt largely during the 1850s gold rush, Melbourne remains as alive as ever. Make sure to check out the hottest Australian brands. Moreover, visit the Block Arcade in Collins Street to see some of the 19th century architectural details the world has to offer. And, if you want to catch the largest consumer fashion festival in the world, grab tickets for the yearly Virgin Australia Melbourne Fashion Festival.1.What can visitors do in both Ibiza and Havana?A.Taste local wine.B.Visit modern Museums.C.Appreciate ancient buildings.D.Enjoy parties under the stars.2.To attend the globally largest consumer fashion festival, you have to go to ________.A.SpainB.MoroccoC.Havana.D.Australia3.Which of the following cities is the oldest?A.Ibiza.B.Tangier.C.Havana.D.Melbourne.BAn unmanned Chinese spacecraft left the earth on a trip to the planet Mars on Thursday. The launch（发射）marks the start of one of China's most important space explorations. China's national space agency launched the spacecraft called Tianwen-1 fromthe Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Center on Hainan Island.The name Tianwen means “Questions to Heaven” in Chinese. The spacecraft took off on China's largest carrier rocket, the Long March 5, and about 36 minutes later, the spacecraft, including an orbiter（轨道飞行器）and a rover（漫游车），was sent into the Earth-Mars orbit. It is expected to reach the orbit of the red planet next February. Tianwen-1 will finish three scientific goals—orbiting the red planet, landing on the Mars and sending a rover to the landing site.Tianwen-1 carries several scientific instruments to observe the planet's atmosphere and surface. It will do a series of scientific researches on the planet's soil, geological structure, environment, atmosphere and water. Besides its daily work of exploring the surface of Mars for 90 days, it will also report back to the earth about its experiences on the red planet, which is millions of miles away. According to experts, discovering signs of life will be its first and most important scientific goal.Tianwen-1's successful landing will make China the second nation to place a spacecraft on Mars. The United States has landed eight vehicles on Mars since 1976. China will be the first to successfully orbit, land and place a vehicle in the same mission. This is China's first independent mission to Mars. The task in 2011 failed when a Russian rocket carrying a Chinese orbiter had problems after launch, and was unable to escape the Earth orbit. Last year, China's Chang e-4 spacecraft became the first to make a landing on the far side of the moon.4. When will Tianwen-1 enter the orbit of Mars?A. 36 minutes later.B. Next Thursday.C. In 90 days.D. Next February.5. What is the main task of Tianwen-1 according to experts?A. Orbiting the Mars.B. Landing on the Mars.C. Discovering signs of life.D. Sending a rover to the landing site.6. Which of the following statements is mentioned in the text?A. Tianwen-1 is the second vehicle landed on the Mars.B. The United States is the first to land vehicles on the Mars.C. Russia helped China place Tianwen-1 on the Mars.D. Chang，e-4 was the first to make a landing on the moon.7. Where can you find this article?A. In a newspaper.B. In a diary.C. In a sci-fi novel.D. In a guide book.CYu Chenrui, 29, is a maker of automata (机关人偶) in Chengdu, Sichuan province. Automata are built to look like humans or animals and give the illusion (错觉) of being able to move on their own, “The art form amazes me, becauseit combines various skills, from storytelling to mechanics, and the pieces are built with a sense of humor,” Yu says. His creations have caught the attention of well-known artists and his fancy pieces of art have attracted collectors worldwide.Interested in handcrafts as a boy, Yu first encountered automata designed by Japanese artist Kazuaki at an exhibition in 2015 when he studied at the Communication University of China inBeijing. “It was like meeting a like-minded friend, ” Yu says, recalling the moment. As an art and design major, he began to learn the craft by himself and, with the support of his tutor, he kept studying and examining automata in school.When he graduated in 2016, Yu landed a job at an advertising agency inBeijing. He stayed on at the company for three years because, at that time, he was not sure that he could make a living out of his hobby. While working as a designer Yu kept exploring and advancing his skills in wood carving and mechanics. Eventually, despite the job’s good salary, it was not enough to make up for not following his true passion. Finally, in 2018, Yu quit his job and returned toChengduto open his automata workshop.To keep himself occupied while running his workshop, he planted blueberries, raspberries and cherries. He watered, weeded and added fertilizer (肥料) every day. “Daily routines helped me calm down and inspire my creativity, which resulted in an automaton called To Observe the Autumn,” Yu says.Over time, Yu’s reputation grew and his business flourished (兴旺). Many of Yu’s creations are built with a dash of wisdom, a sprinkle of humor and are inspired by observations of real life. Yu knows that there are manymore creative ideas waiting to be expressed. “It feels quite good to be fully devoted to automata creation and I am still searching for myself.”8. What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. Yu is equipped with various skills.B. Yu is a person full of sense of humor.C. Yu is now gaining recognition worldwide.D. Yu is following the latest trend in handcraft.9. Why did Yu quit his job inBeijing?A. He couldn't make a living out of it.B. He wanted to pursue his own dream.C. He missed his family inChengdu.D. He thought he had a lot experience.10. According to Yu, what contributes to his creativity as an automata artist?A. The fruits he grows.B. Success of his business.C. His devotion to the job.D. Observation from daily life.11. Which of the following can best describe Yu’s story?A. There is no end to learning.B. Great hopes make great man.C. Actions speak louder than words.D. Experience is the mother of wisdom.DFirst grader Gavin Clampett was diagnosed(诊断) with Tourette’s Syndrome at the age of five. Due to the neurological(神经的) disorder, he always experiences a variety of sudden uncontrolled movements and sounds.The uncontrollable actions mean that he often gets dirty looks from strangers in public and kids make cruel comments on the school bus and in class. In an effort to prevent the unkind comments, Gavin’s mother, 32yearold Rebecca Clampett helped him make a video with his sister Brynn, nine, and played it to pupils at his school to help them understand the condition.In the video, which Rebecca also shared on YouTube, Gavin’s sister Brynn starts by answering the question “What is Tourette’s Syndrome?” She explains, “It is a neurological disorder, which means it affects the brain so that a person makes unwanted movements. These are called tics(抽搐), but not like a tic that is found outside. These tics can be very noticeable or not very noticeable, quiet or loud.”School can be hard for all kids. That canbe even harder for children like Gavin because they have to facepeople who laugh at them every single day. “I feel like my brother and every other kid who has Tourette’s Syndrome are brave. So be kind to them and don’t treat them differently because they are just like you”, Brynn says in the video.Gavin concludes, “Everyone could play with someone. Some people think I can’t because I’m different but actually I can. Some are afraid that I will say dirty words, but actually I won’t. The disease bothers me a little, but I’m OK.”12. What can we know about Tourette’s Syndrome?A. It can be treated with drugs.B. It is usually found at an early age.C. People with it will say dirty words.D. People with it can make uncontrolled sounds.13. Because of the disease, others often _________.A. take pity on GavinB. give a hand to GavinC. keep away from GavinD. look down upon Gavin14. In the video, Gavin’s sister __________.A. explains her brother’s diseaseB. expresses her love for her brotherC. complains about unkind commentsD. encourages others to donate money15. What can be used to best describe Gavin?A. Lucky.B. Helpless.C. Optimistic.D. Stubborn.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年高三数学（理科）第一次高考模拟考试试题及答案解析
2020-2021学年⾼三数学（理科）第⼀次⾼考模拟考试试题及答案解析@学⽆⽌境！@绝密★启⽤前试卷类型：A 最新第⼀次⾼考模拟考试数学试卷（理科）本试卷分选择题和⾮选择题两部分，共4页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
注意事项：1．答卷前，考⽣要务必填写答题卷上的有关项⽬。
2．选择题每⼩题选出答案后，⽤2B 铅笔把答案填在答题卡相应的位置上。
3．⾮选择题必须⽤⿊⾊字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卷各题⽬指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使⽤铅笔和涂改液. 不按以上要求作答的答案⽆效。
4．考⽣必须保持答题卷的整洁，考试结束后，将答题卷交回。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共60分）⼀.选择题：本⼤题共12⼩题，每⼩题5分，共60分.在每⼩题给出的四个选项中，只有⼀项是符合题⽬要求的. 1.复数i215-（i为虚数单位）的虚部是（）A. 2iB. 2i -C. 2-D. 22. 下列函数在其定义域上既是奇函数⼜是减函数的是（）A ．()2x f x =B ．()sin f x x x =C ．1()f x x =D ．()||f x x x =- 3.已知()=-παcos 12，πα-<<，则tan α=（）A.B.C. D.4.设双曲线2214y x -=上的点P到点的距离为6，则P点到(0,的距离是（）@学⽆⽌境！@A ．2或10 B.10 C.2 D.4或85. 下列有关命题说法正确的是（）A. 命题p ：“sin +cos =2x x x ?∈R ，”，则?p 是真命题 B ．21560x x x =---=“”是“”的必要不充分条件 C ．命题2,10x x x ?∈++的否定是：“210x x x ?∈++D ．“1>a ”是“()log (01)(0)a f x x a a =>≠+∞，在，上为增函数”的充要条件6. 将函数-=32sin )(πx x f 的图像向右平移3π个单位得到函数)(x g 的图像,则)(x g 的⼀条对称轴⽅程可以为（） A. 43π=x B. 76x π= C. 127π=x D. 12π=x 7．2015年⾼中⽣技能⼤赛中三所学校分别有3名、2名、1名学⽣获奖，这6名学⽣要排成⼀排合影，则同校学⽣排在⼀起的概率是（）A ．130 B ．115 C ．110 D ．158．执⾏如图8的程序框图，若输出S 的值是12，则a 的值可以为（）A ．2014B ．2015C ．2016D ．20179．若某⼏何体的三视图(单位：cm )如图所⽰，则该⼏何体的体积（）A.310cmB.320cmC.330cmD.340cm10．若nx x ??? ?-321的展开式中存在常数项，则n 可以为（） A ．8 9 C ．10 D. 11 11．=∠=?==?C CA A B CA BC ABC 则中在,60,6,8, （）A ．?60B ．C ．?150D ．?120 12. 形如)0,0(||>>-=b c cx by 的函数因其图像类似于汉字中的“囧”字，故我们把其⽣动地称为“囧函数”．若函数()()2log 1a f x x x =++)1,0(≠>a a 有最⼩值，则当,c b 的值分别为⽅程222220x y x y +--+=中的,x y 时的“囧函数”与函数||log x y a =的图像交点个数为（）．A ．1B ．2C ．4D ．6第Ⅱ卷（⾮选择题，共90分）⼆.填空题：本⼤题共4⼩题，每⼩题 5分，共20分.13．⼀个长⽅体⾼为5，底⾯长⽅形对⾓线长为12，则它外接球的表⾯积为@学⽆⽌境！@14．如图，探照灯反射镜的纵截⾯是抛物线的⼀部分，光源在抛物线的焦点F 处，灯⼝直径AB 为60cm ，灯深（顶点O 到反射镜距离）40cm ，则光源F 到反射镜顶点O 的距离为15.已知点()y x P ,的坐标满⾜条件>-+≤≤02221y x y x ，那么()221y x ++的取值范围为 16．CD CB AD AC AD AB ，AB D ABC 3,,3,===?且的⼀个三等分点为中在，则B cos =三.解答题：本⼤题共5⼩题，每题12分共60分.解答应写出⽂字说明，证明过程或演算步骤.17．（本⼩题满分12分）已知{}n b 为单调递增的等差数列，168,266583==+b b b b ,设数列{}n a 满⾜n b n n a a a a 2222233221=++++(1)求数列{}n b 的通项； (2)求数列{}n a 的前n 项和n S 。
湖南省岳阳市第一中学2021届高三数学第一次模拟(5月)试题 理(含解析)
湖南省岳阳市第一中学2021届高三数学第一次模拟（5月）试题 理（含解析）一.选择题。
1.复数212iz i +=- 的共扼复数是（ ）. A. 35i - B. 35iC. i -D. i【答案】C 【解析】()()()()2122512121214i i i i i i i i +++===--++,∴复数212i i+-的共轭复数是i - 故选：C点睛：除法的关键是分子分母同乘以分母的共轭复数，解题中要注意把i 的幂写成最简形式．2.函数()()2log 1f x x =-的定义域为（ ） A. (),1-∞ B.[)1,1-C. (]1,1-D. [)-1,+∞ 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】使函数有意义的x 满足1010x x ->⎧⎨+≥⎩ 解不等式组即得解.【详解】使函数有意义的x 满足1010x x ->⎧⎨+≥⎩解得11x -≤<即函数()()2log 1f x x =-的定义域为[)1,1-. 故选B.点睛】本题考查了具体函数定义域，属于基础题.3.设等比数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，且213S a =，则公比q=（ ）A.12B.13C. 2D. 3【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】将已知转化为1a q ,的形式，解方程求得q 的值. 【详解】依题意1113a a q a +=，解得2q，故选C.【点睛】本小题主要考查利用基本元的思想求等比数列的基本量1a q ,，属于基础题.基本元的思想是在等比数列中有5个基本量1,,,,n n a q a S n ，利用等比数列的通项公式或前n 项和公式，结合已知条件列出方程组，通过解方程组即可求得数列1a q ,，进而求得数列其它的一些量的值.4.若1sin()4a π+=，,02a π⎛⎫∈- ⎪⎝⎭，则cos 21tan αα-=（ ）A. B.815 C.415 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】由已知利用诱导公式求得sin α，再由同角三角函数基本关系式求得cos α，进一步得到cos21tan αα-值．【详解】由()1sin 4απ+=，得1sin 4α-=，则1sin 4α=-．∵,02πα⎛⎫∈- ⎪⎝⎭，∴cos 4α==．∴2cos212sin 2sin cos tan tan 8αααααα--==-=． 故选：B ．【点睛】本题考查三角函数的化简求值，考查同角三角函数基本关系式及倍角公式的应用，是基础题．5.秦九韶是我国南宋时期的数学家，他在所著的《数学九章》中提出的多项式求值的算法，至今仍是比较先进的．如图所示的程序框图给出了利用秦九韶算法求多项式值的一个实例，若输入x n ,的值分别为3，3，则输出的v 值为( )A. 24B. 25C. 54D. 75【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】按照程序框图运行程序，运行到0i <时输出结果即可. 【详解】若输入x n ,的值分别为3,3 则2,312v i ==-=，0i ≥成立628,1v i =+==，0i ≥成立 24125,0v i =+==，0i ≥成立75075,1v i =+==-，0i ≥不成立，输出75v =本题正确选项：D【点睛】本题考查根据循环结构计算输出结果，属于基础题.6.若点M是ABC所在平面内的一点，且满足53AM AB AC=+，则ABM△与ABC的面积比为（）.A. 15B.25C.35D.45【答案】C【解析】【分析】将已知条件53AM AB AC=+中的AB转化为2AD，然后然后化简得23DM MC=，由此求得两个三角形高的比值，从而求得面积的比值.【详解】如图，由5AM=AB+3AC得2AM=2AD+3AC-3AM，即2(AM-AD)=3(AC-AM)，即2DM=3MC，故DM=3DC5，故△ABM与△ABC同底且高的比为3∶5，故S△ABM∶S△ABC=3∶5.所以选C.【点睛】本小题考查平面向量的线性运算，考查三角形面积的比值的求法，属于基础题.7.将2名教师，4名学生分成2个小组，分别安排到甲、乙两地参加社会实践活动，每个小组由1名教师和2名学生组成，不同的安排方案共有（）A. 12种B. 10种C. 9种D. 8种【答案】A【解析】试题分析：第一步，为甲地选一名老师，有122C=种选法；第二步，为甲地选两个学生，有2 46C=种选法；第三步，为乙地选1名教师和2名学生，有1种选法，故不同的安排方案共有26112⨯⨯=种，故选A．考点：排列组合的应用．8.已知函数2019sin ,(10)()log ,(0)x x f x x x π--⎧=⎨>⎩，若d c b a <<<，且()()()()f a f b f c f d ===，则a bcd+的值为（ ） A. 1- B. 0C. 1D. 2【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】数形结合由函数对称性可得a b +，由对数的运算性质可得cd .【详解】作出函数图像，易知12()12a b +=⨯-=-，2019201920192019()()log log log log 01f c f d c d c d cd =⇔-=⇔+=⇔=.所以1a bcd+=-. 故选A.【点睛】本题主要考查了数形结合研究方程的根的问题，正确作出函数图像是解题的关键，属于基础题.9.设函数()sin 6f x x π⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭，若对于任意5,62ππα⎡⎤∈--⎢⎥⎣⎦，在区间[]0,m 上总存在唯一确定的β，使得()()0f f αβ+=，则m 的最小值为（ ）A.π6 B.π2C.7π6D. π【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】先求()[2f α∈-，再由存在唯一确定的β，使得()()[0,]2f f βα=-∈，得2[,)633m πππ-∈，从而得解.【详解】当5,62ππα⎡⎤∈--⎢⎥⎣⎦时，有2,36ππαπ⎡⎤-∈--⎢⎥⎣⎦，所以()[2f α∈-. 在区间[]0,m 上总存在唯一确定的β，使得()()0f f αβ+=，所以存在唯一确定的β，使得()()[0,]2f f βα=-∈. []0,,[,]666m m πππββ∈-∈--，所以25[,),[,)63326m m πππππ-∈∈.故选B.【点睛】本题主要考查了三角函数的图像和性质，考查了函数与方程的思想，正确理解两变量的关系是解题的关键，属于中档题.10.已知抛物线C:22(0)y px p =>的焦点为F ，过F 且倾斜角为120°的直线与抛物线C 交于A ，B 两点，若AF ，BF 的中点在y 轴上的射影分别为M ，N ，且MN =则p 的值为（ ） A. 2 B. 3C. 4D. 6【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】通过MN =12y y -=出关于p 的方程，求得结果. 【详解】有题意知：,02p F ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭设直线AB 方程为：2p y x ⎫=-⎪⎭，即2p x y =+代入抛物线方程可得：2203y py p +-=设()11,A x y ，()22,B x y ，则123y y p +=-，221p y y -=由MN =12y y -=== 解得：6p = 本题正确选项：D【点睛】本题考查直线与抛物线的问题，关键是能够利用韦达定理表示出线段长度，从而构造出方程，使问题得以求解.11.设2F 是双曲线C ：22221(0,0)x y a b a b-=>>的右焦点，O 为坐标原点，过2F 的直线交双曲线的右支于点P ，N ，直线PO 交双曲线C 于另一点M ，若223MF PF =，且260MF N ∠=︒，则双曲线C 的离心率为（ ）A. 3B. 2【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】设双曲线的左焦点为F 1，则MF 2PF 1为平行四边形，根据双曲线定义可得12,3MF a MF a ==，在△MF 1F 2中利用余弦定理得出a ，c 的关系即可求出离心率．【详解】设双曲线的左焦点为F 1，由双曲线的对称性可知四边形MF 2PF 1为平行四边形． ∴121,//MF PF MF PN =．设2PF m =，则2||3MF m =，∴2122a MF MF m =-=，即12,3MF a MF a ==．∵21260,60MF N F MF ︒︒∠=∴∠=，又122F F c =，在△MF 1F 2中，由余弦定理可得：2224923cos60c a a a a ︒=+-⋅⋅⋅，即2222747,4c c a a =∴=，∴双曲线的离心率e 72c a ==． 故选：D ．【点睛】本题考查了双曲线的性质，离心率计算，利用双曲线的对称性是解题的关键，属于中档题．12.函数()sin (0)f x x ωω=>的图象与其对称轴在y 轴右侧的交点从左到右依次记为1A ，2A ，3A ，……n A …在点列{}n A 中存在三个不同的点k A ，t A ，p A ，使得k t p A A A △是等腰直角三角形将满足上述条件的ω值从小到大组成的数列记为{}n ω，则2019ω=（ ） A.40332πB.40352πC.40372πD.40392π【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】 令2x k πωπ=+，可求对称轴方程，进而可求A 1，A 2，A 3，……A n 的坐标，由△A k A t A p 是等腰直角三角形可知直线的斜率之积为﹣1可求ωn ，进而可得解.【详解】由2x k πωπ=+，得(21)2k x πω+=，k Z ∈， 由题意得35(21),,,,2222n x ππππωωωω-=⋯， 即1234357,1,,1,,1,,12222A A A A ππππωωωω⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫--⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭，由123A A A 是等腰直角三角形，得12231A A A A k k ⋅=-， 即221ππωω-⋅=-，得12πω=，同理147A A A 是等腰直角三角形得44171A A A A k k ⋅=-，得232πω=. 同理6111A A A 是等腰直角三角形得611611A A A A k k ⋅=-，得252πω= ……(21)2n n πω-=则2019(220191)403722πωπ⨯-==，故选C.【点睛】本题主要考查了正弦函数的对称性及直线垂直关系的应用，还考查了归纳推理的应用，属于难题.二.填空题。
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湖南岳阳第一中学2020-2021学年高三下学期第一次质量检测物理试题考生请注意：1．答题前请将考场、试室号、座位号、考生号、姓名写在试卷密封线内，不得在试卷上作任何标记。
2．第一部分选择题每小题选出答案后，需将答案写在试卷指定的括号内，第二部分非选择题答案写在试卷题目指定的位置上。
3．考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、单项选择题：本题共6小题，每小题4分，共24分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1、如图所示，由粗糙的水平杆AO与光滑的竖直杆BO组成的绝缘直角支架，在AO杆、BO杆上套有带正电的小球P、Q，两个小球恰能在某一位置平衡。
现将P缓慢地向左移动一小段距离，两球再次达到平衡。
若小球所带电荷量不变，与移动前相比（）A．杆AO对P的弹力减小B．杆BO对Q的弹力减小C．P、Q之间的库仑力减小D．杆AO对P的摩擦力增大2、大喇叭滑梯是游客非常喜爱的大型水上游乐设施。
如图所示，一次最多可坐四人的浮圈从高为h的平台由静止开始沿滑梯滑行，到达底部时水平冲入半径为R、开口向上的碗状盆体中，做半径逐渐减小的圆周运动。
重力加速度为g，下列说法正确的是（）A．人和浮圈沿滑梯下滑过程中处于超重状态B2ghC．人和浮圈进入盆体后所受的摩擦力指向其运动轨迹的内侧D．人和浮圈进入盆体后，所受支持力与重力的合力大于所需的向心力3、目前在太阳系内一共已经发现了约127万颗小行星，但这可能仅是所有小行星中的一小部分.若某颗小行星在离太阳中心R处做匀速圆周运动，运行的周期为T，已知引力常量为G，仅利用这三个数据，可以估算出太阳的（）4、下列说法中正确的是（）A．伽利略研究自由落体运动的核心方法是把实验和逻辑推理结合起来B．自然界的四种基本相互作用是强相互作用，弱相互作用，电相互作用和磁相互作用C．“月－地检验”证明了一切场力都遵循“平方反比”的规律D．一对相互作用力做功，总功一定为零5、一理想自耦变压器如图所示，环形铁芯上只绕有一个线圈，将其接在a、b间作为原线圈，通过滑动触头取该线圈的一部分，接在c、d间作为副线圈，副线圈两端连有一电阻R．在a、b间输入电压为U l的交变电压时，c、d间的电压为U2，在将滑动触头从图中M点逆时针旋转到N点的过程中A．U2有可能大于U l B．U1、U2均增大C．U l不变、U2增大D．a、b间输入功率不变6、在如图所示的逻辑电路中，当A端输入电信号”1”、B端输入电信号”0”时，则在C和D端输出的电信号分别为A．1和0 B．0和1 C．1和l D．0和0二、多项选择题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，有多个选项是符合题目要求的。
全部选对的得5分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。
7、关于物体的内能，下列说法正确的是______A．物体吸收热量，内能可能减少B．10g100℃水的内能等于10g100℃水蒸气的内能C．物体中所有分子的热运动的动能与分子势能的总和叫作物体的内能D．电阻通电时发热，其内能是通过“热传递”方式增加的E.气体向真空的自由膨胀是不可逆的8、如图所示，用橡胶锤敲击音叉，关于音叉的振动及其发出的声波，下列说法正确的有（）A．在空气中传播的声波是纵波B．声波在空气中传播的速度随波频率增大而增大D．换用木锤敲击，音叉发出声音的音调变高9、如图，理想变压器上接有3个完全相同的灯泡，其中1个灯泡与原线圈串联，另外2个灯泡并联后接在副线圈两端。
已知交流电源的电压u=182sin100πt（V），3个灯泡均正常发光，忽略导线电阻，则变压器（）A．副线圈电压的频率为100HzB．原线圈两端的电压为12VC．原副线圈的电流比为2︰1D．原副线圈的匝数比为2︰110、如图为一列简谐横波在t=0时刻的波形图，P是平衡位置在x=1.0m处的质点，Q是平衡位置在x=4.0m处的质点，图乙为质点Q的振动图象，则下列说法正确的是_______ ．A．这列波的波长是8m，周期是0.2s，振幅是10cmB．在t=0时，质点Q向y轴负方向运动C．从t=0.1到t=0.25s，该波沿x轴正方向传播了6mD．从t=0.1到t=0.25s，质点P通过的路程为30cmE.质点Q简谐运动的表达式为y=0.10sin10πt（国际单位）三、实验题：本题共2小题，共18分。
把答案写在答题卡中指定的答题处，不要求写出演算过程。
11．（6分）实验小组采用如图甲所示实验装置测量木块与木板间动摩擦因数μ，提供的器材有：带定滑轮的长木板，有凹槽的木块，质量为20 g的钩码若干，打点计时器，电源，纸带，细线等．实验中将部分钩码悬挂在细线下，剩余的钩码放在木块的凹槽中，保持长木板水平，利用打出的纸带测量木块的加速度．(1) 正确进行实验操作，得到一条纸带，从某个清晰的打点开始，依次标注0、1、2、3、4、5、6，分别测出位置0到位置3、位置6间的距离，如图乙所示．已知打点周期T＝0.02 s，则木块的加速度a＝________m/s2.(2) 将木块凹槽中的钩码逐个添加到细线下端，改变悬挂钩码的总质量m，测得相应的加速度a，作出a－m图象如图丙所示．已知当地重力加速度g＝9.8 m/s2，则木块与木板间动摩擦因数μ＝________(保留两位有效数字)；μ的测量值________(选填“大于”“小于”或“等于”)真实值，原因是________________________(写出一个即可)．(3) 实验中________(选填“需要”或“不需要”)满足悬挂钩码总质量远小于木块和槽中钩码总质量．12．（12分）如图甲所示是某研究性学习小组探究小车加速度与力关系的实验装置，长木板置于水平桌面上，一端系有砂桶的细绳通过滑轮与固定的拉力传感器相连，拉力传感器可显示绳中拉力F的大小，改变桶中砂的质量进行多次实验。
完成下列问题：(1)实验时，下列操作或说法正确的是______________ ；A．需要用天平测出砂和砂桶的总质量B．小车靠近打点计时器，先接通电源，再释放小车，打出一条纸带，同时记录拉力传感器的示数C．选用电磁打点计时器比选用电火花计时器实验误差小D．为减小误差，实验中一定要保证砂和砂桶的质量远小于小车的质量(2)实验中得到一条纸带，相邻计数点间有四个点未标出，各计数点到A点的距离如图乙所示。
电源的频率为50Hz，则打点计时器打B点时砂桶的速度大小为___m/s；(3)以拉力传感器的示数F为横坐标，以加速度a为纵坐标，画出的a—F图像可能正确的是（____）A．B．C．D．(4)若作出a—F图线，求出其“斜率”为k，则小车的质量为_____。
步骤。
13．（10分）如图甲所示，正方形闭合线圈ABCD 的边长10cm a =、总电阻2r =Ω、匝数100n =，匀强磁场方向垂直于线圈平面，磁感应强度大小B 随时间t 的变化关系如图乙所示，周期2110s T -=⨯，磁场方向以垂直线圈平面向里为正。
试求：（1）8T t =时，线圈的AD 边所受安培力的大小和方向。
（2）在0~2T 时间内，通过导线横截面的电荷量。
14．（16分）如图所示，ACB 是一条足够长的绝缘水平轨道，轨道CB 处在方向水平向右、大小E =1.0 ⨯106 N/C 的匀强电场中，一质量m =0.25kg 、电荷量q =-2.0⨯10-6C 的可视为质点的小物体，从距离C 点L 0=6.0m 的A 点处，在拉力F =4.0N 的作用下由静止开始向右运动，当小物体到达C 点时撤去拉力，小物体滑入电场中。
已知小物体与轨道间的动摩擦因数μ=0.4，g 取10m/s 2。
求：(1)小物体到达C 点时的速度大小；(2)小物体在电场中运动的时间。
15．（12分）一粗细均匀的U 形管，左侧封闭，右侧开口，同时左侧用水银柱封闭--定质量的气体，开始时左右两侧的水银柱等高，现将左管密闭气体的温度缓慢降低到280K ，稳定时两管水银面有一定的高度差，如图所示，图中L 1=19 cm ，∆h =6 cm 。
已知大气压强为P 0= 76 cmHg 。
（i ）求左管密闭的气体在原温度基础上降低了多少摄氏度？（ii ）现要两管水银面恢复到等高，求需要向右管注入水银柱的长度。
参考答案一、单项选择题：本题共6小题，每小题4分，共24分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1、D【解析】【分析】【详解】A ．对两个小球作为整体分析可知，整体在竖直方向只受重力和AO 的支持力，故杆AO 对小球P 的弹力不变，故A 错误；BC ．对Q 受力如图小球P 向左移后，两个小球P 、Q 间的库仑力方向向图中虚线处变化，则由力的合成和平衡条件可知杆BO 对小球Q 的弹力变大，两小球P 、Q 之间的库仑力变大，故B 、C 错误；D ．对两个小球作为整体受力分析，在水平方向则有杆BO 对小球Q 的弹力等于杆AO 对小球P 的摩擦力，所以可得杆AO 对小球P 的摩擦力变大，故D 正确；故选D 。
2、D【解析】【详解】A ．由于人和浮圈沿滑梯下滑过程中有向下的分加速度，所以人和浮圈沿滑梯下滑过程中处于失重状态，故A 错误。
B ．若不考虑摩擦阻力，根据机械能守恒有212mgh mv = 可得2v gh =由于人和浮圈沿滑梯下滑过程中受到了阻力作用，2ghC ．人和浮圈进入盆体后所受的摩擦力为滑动摩擦力，与运动方向相反，故C 错误。
D ．人和浮圈进入盆体后做半径逐渐减小的圆周运动，为向心运动，其所受支持力与重力的合力大于所需的向心力，故D 正确。
故选D 。
3、D【解析】【详解】AC ．在太阳表面，重力和万有引力相等，即2Mm G mg r= 因根据已知条件无法求出太阳半径，也就无法求出太阳表面的重力加速度，故AC 错误；B ． 在不知道太阳半径的情况下无法求得太阳的密度，故B 错误；D ．根据万有引力提供向心力可得2224Mm G m R T=π 求得中心天体质量2324R M GTπ= 故D 正确。
故选：D 。
4、A【解析】【详解】A ．伽利略研究自由落体运动的核心方法是把实验和逻辑推理结合起来，故A 正确；B ．自然界中的四种基本相互作用是万有引力、强相互作用、电磁力、弱相互作用，故B 错误；C ．“月-地检验”证明了地面上的重力、地球吸引月球与太阳吸引行星的力遵循同样的“距离平方反比”规律，故C 错误；D ．一对作用力和反作用力分别作用在两个不同物体上，它们可能分别对两个物体都做正功，其代数和为正值，比如在光滑水平面由静止释放的两个带同种电荷的小球，库仑力对两个小球都做正功，作用力和反作用力所做的功的代数和为正值，故物体间的一对相互作用力做功的代数和不一定为零，故D 错误。