第一章现代设计的开端(一)

• His importance lies not only in his virtual creation of the major style of the l9th century, Neo-Gothic, which was a fundamental re-creation and not a pastiche, but in his deliberate approach to design and function. Pugin anticipated many of Ruskin's statements on design in the many books and pamphlets that he wrote.
• B、 The Great Exhibition of 1851（1851年伦 敦万国博览会） also known as Crystal Palace Exhibition
The Great Exhibition was an international exhibition that took place in Hyde Park, London, from 1 May to 15 October 1851. It was the first in a series of World's Fair exhibitions of culture and industry that were to become a popular 19th-century feature.
英国国会大厦
B、victorian style（维多利亚风格）
The term Victorian style refers collectively to several decorative art and architecture styles employed predominantly during the middle and late 19th century.The period that it indicates may slightly overlap the actual reign, 20 June 1837 – 22 January 1901, of Queen Victoria.
• The new steam engine driven machines replaced the craftsmen system with faster and cheaper production but often greatly inferior results.
2、theห้องสมุดไป่ตู้victorian period（维多利亚时代）
A、the traditional aesthetic taste and the division between decoration and structure 维多利亚时代是指19世纪三十年代到二十世纪 初的一段时间，可以划分为多个时期。从维多利 亚时代初期开始，整个欧洲便流行历史主义的观 念，因此在装饰和建筑上也自由借用了各种历史 风格。英国也不例外，全面复兴了哥特和中世纪 风格。 各种风格的混用也导致了风格走向装饰化，缺 少在结构和功能上意义。
参考书目
• 《现代设计史》 大卫·瑞兹曼 中国人民大 学出版社
• 《现代设计的先驱者——从威廉·莫里斯到 格罗皮乌斯》 尼古拉斯·佩夫斯奈 中国建 筑工业出版社
• 《20世纪的设计》 乔纳森·M·伍德姆 上海 人民出版社
• 《世界现代设计史》 王受之著 中国青年 出版社
Chapter One The Beginning of Modern Design 第一章 现代设计的开端
James Watt's improvements to the steam engine, and its subsequent application to manufacturing in the late 18th and early 19th century, resulted in a major social shift.
• key words：historic style，excess of ornament
维多利亚风格是维多利亚时期出现的建筑、 室内装饰、家具以及服装上的设计风格， 以装饰为主，综合了各种历史风格的装饰 元素并进行了改良。到后期维多利亚风格 常常与繁复、混乱联系在一起。
特征：历史复兴风格，过度装饰
A、the change of the manner （生产方式的变化）
B、the contradiction between the new material
（传统设计与新材料的矛盾）
• Traditionally manual laborers learned their trade by progressing through stages of apprenticeship under a master craftsman.
Section One
From the The Great Exhibition of 1851 to The Arts &Crafts Movement
第一节 从1851年伦敦博览会到工艺美术运动
1、The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain （英国的工业革命）
3、the discussion on taste in early nineteenth-century
（19世纪早期关于趣味问题的讨论）
A、Augustus W.N.Pugin（普金 1812－52） • a、民族的艺术是道德健康的体现，糟糕的设计品味也意
味着道德上的堕落，因此艺术与设计本身就是一种改造社 会的手段 • b、哥特式建筑是基督教社会和道德性的象征，应当在英 国复兴哥特风格的建筑。中世纪的建筑结构意味着信仰、 稳定、诚实和美好 • c、反对过度装饰，任何建筑所有的外观特征都应当符合 结构、方便的要求，装饰应当与功能相吻合 • d、尽可能采用本土化的材料和工作方法