英国文学史及选读PPT1
英国文学史及作品选读课件 Lecture 1(09级)
3. Help the students know clearly about Geoffrey Chaucer and his work The Canterbury Tales.
After the withdrawal of the Roman troops, England was soon invaded by three Germanic (Teutonic) tribes: the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes.
By the 7th century some small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England (the land of Angles). Its people were called the English.
From 787, the English began to be troubled by bands of Danish Vikings.The great hero of the time was King Alfred the Great (849-901) of the Kingdom of Wessex in the south. It is to him that we owe much of the preservation of Old Anglo-Saxon Literature. Equally important is the fact that he started Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a historical register of national events from dim past to his own age. The Anglo-Saxons were conquered in 1066 by the Norms from France. This is the end of
英国文学史展示PPT
Two characteristics of the enlightenment:
.a. set a high value on inquiry,reason and scientific development.
b.believed in the attainment of progress by men himself ,by education and by the development of science and technology.
His mind, like Franklin’s, ranged curiously over many fields of knowledge—law, philosophy, government, architecture, education, science, agriculture, mechanics— and whatever he touched, he enriched in some measure.
3.He invented a portable desk, which was a suitcase in his hand. He put it on a desk, which was turned out to be his favorite paper. The small drawer contained ink bottles, quill pens, and a quill pen. Knife. The side drawer has his daily necessities, and a wax and seal that politicians must use.
The
Thomas Jefferson composed the original draft. And with John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston. (1776)
外研社英国文学史及选读(第二版)第一册教学课件Chapter 24 Joseph Addison a
Chapter 24 Joseph Addison and Richard Steele
Life and Works
The two boys became bosom friends. Addison was a few months younger but was the leader between the two. Addison had a stronger character, learned better, and was more quiet and resourceful. Steele worshipped Addison and Addison loved Steele for his warm Irish heart.
Chapter 24 Joseph Addison and Richard Steele
英国文学史及作品选读课件Chapter 1The Anglo-Saxon Period (450-1066)
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(2) Caedmon:
The earliest English poet. According to Bede, he was an elderly herdsman who received the power of song in a vision. died c. 680
(2) Anglo-Norman Period (Middle English)--- as a result of Norman conquest of the island.
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3. Historical background:
(1) The earliest settlers of the British Isles were the Celts;
King Alfred’s contribution to English literature: 3 aspects.
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King Alfred’s Contribution to English Language &British Literature
In the 9th century, the Christian Anglo-Saxons were invaded by the Danes. The Danes occupied the northern part of the island. They were stopped by Alfred, King of the West Saxons from 871 till 899, who for a time united all the kingdoms of southern England. Alfred translated various works from Latin. Practically all of Old English poetry is preserved in copies made in the West Saxon dialect after the reign of Alfred.
《英国文学史及选读》课件 PPT
Plan of the Course
Two terms to deal with this course For each term, we deal with one
English Invasion
In the mid-5th century, the tribes of Anglo, Saxons and Jutes (later known simply as Anglo-Saxons) migrated to England from the European continent, or more specifically from western Denmark and the northwest coast of Germany.
After the Norman Conquest
After the Norman conquest, for over 300 years, French was used dominantly in Britain.
By the end of the fourteenth century, when Normans and English intermingled, English was once more the dominant speech in the country.
By the English (the tribes of Anglo,Saxons and Jutes):in the middle of the fifth century
William_Blake3-14-1 英国文学史及选读课件
Questions raised
• Did God create the fearsome along with the gentle, his Son along with the evil of Satan? Why does He allow the tiger to burn in the dark forest, while the lamb gambols in the glen under the stars of that very creation? Why did he allow his Son to succumb to the evil of the crucifixion while at the same time allowing him to be the light of mankind? The author leaves it up to the reader to decide. The important thing is the question, not the answer.
Blake’s poems are full of emotion and apparent presentation of his progressive democratic idea in symbolism.
He presents his view in visual images rather that abstract ideas. And his poetry was full of colors, just like sky and grass.
Francis Bacon-英国文学史及选读
23: became M.P. for his eloquence and gradually established his reputation; found Earl Essex as his patron,who is Elisabeth’s favorite courtier. Later: offended the Queen by strongly opposing to some new taxes;managed to make the court sentence death to Essex by the crime of treason. 45: defended for the King’s taxes(James I) became Lord Keeper and then Lord Chancellor of England. 60: was accused of taking bribes in office,deprived of his seat in parliament , and fined ; after token imprisonments, Bacon retired in disgrace to spend the last five years of his life in the study of science and philosophy.
• professional works
• • Maxims of Law 《法律原理》 The Learned Reading upon the Statute of Uses (1642)《法令使用读本》
Essay: A Definition
• It is a relatively short literary composition in prose, in which a writer discusses a topic, usually restricted in scope, or tries to persuade the reader to accept a particular point of view. • the term essai was first applied to the form in 1580 by Montaigne, one of the greatest essayists of all time, to his pieces on friendship, love, death, and morality. In England the term was inaugurated in 1597 by Francis Bacon, who wrote shrewd meditations on civil and moral wisdom.
英国文学选读课件
Tue
The Canterbury Tales and The Decameron
(for discussion)
❖ Number of tales: a prologue and 24 tales (120
tales planned)
Chaucer’s position and contributions
Three titles: ❖The father of English poetry; ❖The father of English fiction; ❖The father of English realistic literature
prose fragment The Treatise on the Astrolabe; and
lastly Troilus and Criseyde (rhyme . royal)
Two terms related to the second period
❖Heroic couplet
Couplet is a style of poetry defined as a complete thought written in two lines with rhyming ends. The most popular of the couplets is the heroic couplet.
（不要以恶为师，而要以恶为鉴。）
—the end of Act IV, Othello
❖Rhyme Royal: A form of verse which consists of stanzas of seven ten-syllable lines in iambic pentameter, riming a b a b b c c. It was first used by Chaucer, and was also the form chosen by Shakespeare in his narrative poem Lucrece (1594).
英国文学史及选读课件(补)Jane_Austen
Introduction
❖ The first important English woman novelist ❖ Born to a country clergyman’s family;
amiable family atmosphere ❖ Led an uneventful life at her home and the
❖ Her mother died when she was very young, and she has been mistress of the house ever since, certainly since her older sister got married.
❖ Although Emma is a manipulative person for others’ hearts, she didn’t understand her own. Until Harriet finally says that she thinks Mr. Knightly, Emma’s old friend, is in love with her, jealousy makes Emma realize she loves him herself. Knightly has been secretly in love with Emma since long. So they get married and live in Hartsfield with Emma’s father together.
❖ deals with a young woman's maturation into adulthood and the trouble she gets herself into along the way.
英国文学简史-18th-century(1)PPT课件
man as an imperfect being, inherently sinful, whose potential was limited.
emphasis on order and reason, on restraint, on common sense
Enlightenment Movement
The England Enlightener (P127)
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The 18th Century England
comparatively peaceful development
In politics
a constitutional monarchy
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Dissimilarities in Point of View
man as a being fundamentally good and possessed of an infinite potential for spiritual and intellectual growth.
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The Features of English Enlightenment
▪ (1)English enlighteners believed in the power of reason. That is why the 18th century has often been called “the age of reason” or “the kingdom of reason”.
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英国文学史与选读课件1
British literatureLecture 1About the authors•Social background•Life experience•Point of view (political/ literary)•Poet / novelist / dramatist (playwright) / essayist (prose writer) •Achievement/ contribution•Social status (position)•Representative worksAbout the works•Synopsis (the plots/ stories)•Theme•Characters (heroes/ protagonist/ antagonist)•Social significance/ importance•Artistic features: techniques•figures of speech (修辞)•Simile, metaphor, personification, symbol, irony, paradox, metonymy, synecdoche, overstatement/ understatement , alliteration and so on•Find the definition of the above termsThe period of English Literature•I. Early and Medieval English Literature•II. The English Renaissance (14th-16th century)•III. The Period of Bourgeois Revolution andRestoration (17th C.)•IV. Neoclassical Period--- The Age of Reason andEnlightenment (18th C.)•V. Romantic period( early 19th--- wwII)•VI. Critical Realism ( Victoria Period/ the second halfof the 19th C. )•VII. Modern Period (20 th C.)2. Early and Medieval LiteratureQuestions:1.The literature forms of Anglo-Saxon period?2.what’s the “England national epic”?3. The story of “Beowulf”4. What are the three battles of Beowulf ?5. The definition of “epic”6. The literature forms of Anglo-Norman period?7. What is “romance”?8.The class feature of the RomanceEpic (Heroic Poetry): This term is applied to great and lengthy narrative poems describing some important national enterprise or the adventures of distinguished heroes. (史诗)eg：Homer Odyssey《奥德赛》Dante’s Divine Comedy《十日谈》Milton Paradise Lost《失乐园》Romance: it was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero.Class Feature of the Romance: the theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances, as loyalty was the corner-stone of feudal morality, without which the whole structure of feudalism would collapse.Sir Gawain and Green Knight 《高文爵士和緑衣骑士》3. ChaucerLife:⏹Born in a middle-classfamily in London⏹Is said to have studied atOxford and Cambridge⏹Became a man of affaires, undertaking various diplomatic missions to the Continent as courtier, diplomat and civil servant⏹Died in 1400,buried in Westminster Abbey, there established the poets’ corner Westminster Abbey (西敏寺)⏹An Abbey of monk on the bank of the Thames. The state church in England.⏹It was destroyed and rebuilt several times.⏹Chaucer w as first buried in the Abbey, then established “Poets’ corner”.⏹It is an honor for a poet or his monument to be buried there.Literary Career:⏹His experience gave him chance to obtain a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian.⏹Three periods:The first period consists of works translated from French, as “The Romaunt of the Rose”The second consists of works adapted from the Italian, as “Troilus and Criseyde.”(based on Boccacio’s poem Filostrato)The third includes “The Canterbury Tales”, which is purely English.⏹Translator⏹“The father (founder) of English poetry” -- John Dryden⏹“Founder of English realism” -- GorkyThe first short-story teller and first morden poet in E.L.Forerunner of humanismThe City Canterbury⏹Canterbury is a city and metropolitan district in Kent England, and an important Romantown.⏹The capital of the Saxon Kingdom of Kent.The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷故事集》⏹A collection of stories⏹Pilgrim, pilgrimage⏹The Tabard Inn, a tavern in Southwark, near London.⏹A gigantic plan of 124 stories, but only 24 were written.⏹The verse models Boccaccio’s Decameron in formThe Prologue （楔子）⏹A prologue is an introduction or preface, often in verse, to a literary work, esp. a play ⏹The prologue provides a framework for the tales. There is an intimate connection between the tale and the prologue, both complementing each other.The Gneral Prologue (the original version)Whan that Aprill, with his shoures sooteThe droghte of March hath perced to the roote,And bathed every veyne in swich licourOf which vertu engendred is the flour;Whan zephirus eek with his sweete breethInspired hath in every holt and heethThe tendre croppes, and the yonge sonneHath in the Ram his halve cours yronne,And smale foweles maken melodye.Heroic Couplet (Iambic pentameter英雄双韵体⏹A pair of rhymed lines of verse of equal length, in the form of ten syllables and five stresses in each line. It was first used by Chaucer. Its master is Alexander Pope.⏹Alliteration（头韵）An alliterative verse, certain accented words in a line begin the same consonants sound. Alliteration is the opposite of rhyme by which the similar sounds occur at the end of the syllables.Contribution⏹He presents a panoramic picture of English life in the Middle Ages.⏹He brought a realistic tone to English literary creation. All his characters are true to life ⏹He introduced Rhymed stanzas, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon (alliterative verse)⏹He first wrote in the current English form of the time. His poetry is acknowledged as the literary language of the country, which is usually called middle English.The language of Chaucer⏹Middle English --- is closer to Old English, the language of the Anglo-Saxons, and Norman French, the language of William the ConquerorFeatures in Chaucer’s writing⏹Rhymed stanzas of various type⏹Simplicity in characterization⏹Satirical and humorous tone⏹narrativeAbout the prioress⏹Higher orders of the religious group⏹Speaks French-- the aristocratic language⏹Tenderness, pity, gentility⏹Overly concern about her personal appearance ⏹Satiric tone。
英国文学史PPT课件
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Johnson thought that “all was false and hollow” despised the honeyed words, and wrote a letter to Lord Chestfield, saying “ when I had once addressed your lordship in public, I had exhausted all the art or pleasing which a retired and uncourtly scholar can possess.”
英国文学史与选读 讲座课件
汤富华 2004年3月
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通过作品找意境，通过中西文学 对比，让文学课升华至文化课，让我 们的学生成为自己的主人。
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Early and Medieval English Literature
Geoffrey Chaucer, the founder of English poetry, was born, about 1340, in London. He was the son of a wine merchant who had connections with the court.
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Daniel Defoe: 1660-1731
• Son of James and Mary Foe, a merchant family committed to Puritanism (Presbyterians)
• Sound education at Morton’s Academy. Only Anglicans could gridge.
积土成山，风雨兴焉。积水成渊，蛟龙生焉。积善成德，而
英国文学史及选读第一册unit1
From The Great Gatsby
• For a moment he looked at me as if he failed to understand. • “I’m Gatsby,” he said suddenly. • “What!” I exclaimed. “Oh, I beg your pardon.” • “I thought you knew, old sport. I’m afraid I’m not a very good host.”
About 449, a band of Teutons (the Jutes, the Angles and the Saxons) landed on the Isle of Thanet.
The aboriginal Celtic population was driven westward.
• 他认为，模仿诗人往往只是模仿人性中的 情感部分，而不是理性部分，迎奉人性中 的无理性部分。因此诗人是迎奉人的快感 为业。所以认为这个诗人是危险人物。 • Pleasure and illumination
• What’s the function of literature? • Entertain, educate, know
• Characteristic: use of alliteration, in vigorous, picturesque language, with heavy use of metaphor
Beowulf
• • • • Of men was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise. Then the Goth’s people reared a mighty pile With shields and amour hung, as he had asked,
英国文学选读课件1
3. The romance(罗曼史／骑士文学／传奇）
The content of Romance The most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England was the romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero. The central character of romances was the knight, a man of noble birth skilled in the use of weapons. He was commonly described as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournaments, or fighting for his lord in battle. He was devoted to the church and the king.
Beowulf
(The poem ends with the funeral of the hero)
Thus made their mourning the men if Geatland, For their hero’s passing, his hearth-compositions. （ Quoth that of all the kings of earth, Of men he was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest to praise (in modern English)
英国文学史及选读课件 1 History and Anthology
1832
1901
Unit 1 AngloThe Anglo-Saxon Period
(449 - 1066)
Basic Background
1. The formation of Britain:
Time Before B. C. 55 --B. C. 55 Romans Invasion (Julius Caesar) Celts Albion main events names of population Celts names of Britain Albion
epic
• An extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, celebrating the feats of a legendary or traditional hero. • 史诗：用严肃或庄重的语言写成的叙事 长诗，歌颂传奇中或历史上英雄的丰功 伟绩
Anglia AngleAngle-land England
2. Social Background:
• 1）The Anglo-Saxons were in the later Anglostages of tribal society, and feudalism封建制 度 assumed definite shape. • 2) Agriculture developed and trade expanded.
Timeline of British literature
17th century; 18th century (the Neoclassical period 新 古 典 主 义 时 期 , Enlightenment, the rise of novel )→ 4. 19th century (Romanticism 浪 漫 主 义 , Victorian age, Realism) → 5. 20th century (Naturalism 自 然 主 义 , Modernism, Post-modernism) 3.
英国文学史及选读Part VI The 18th century 1PPT课件
I. Historical background --- political
writings
❖ The literature of the age was at times dominated by the interests of the contending factions. Both parties were looking for writers who could best give voice to their policies. Most of the great writers were, on occasion, the willing servants of the Whigs or the Tories, or hack writers (受人雇用 的穷文人), or “Grub Street writers” for many of them lived on Grub Street.
1. Historical background --- newspapers →essays
The renaissance 英国文学史及选读课件
Historical background
Ideologically
• epics: Homer, Vigil, Dante//Spenser, Milton
• sonnets: Petrarch, Dante// Shakespeare, Sidney “Arcadia”, Jonson, Donne and Andrew Marvell
Literature
2. English literature
Historical background
Ideologically
• 1. Copernicus (1473-1543, Polish astronomer) and German Johannes Kepler about the center of the universe (heliocentric, not Earth, E circles around the Sun)
2.Renaissance:
•
Renaissance means revival, specially
between the 14th and mid 17th century, revival
of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture.
• Renaissance, therefore, in essence, was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism(保守主义) in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by the Roman church authorities.
《英国文学选读》课件
通过阅读英国文学作品，可以培 养个人的审美观念、批判思维和
创造力，提升个人综合素质。
英国文学作品中所描绘的人物形 象和故事情节，有助于引导个人 树立正确的价值观、人生观和世
界观。
对社会观念的反思
英国文学作品反映了社会历史的变迁 和人类文明的进步，促使人们对社会 问题进行深入反思。
英国文学作品中对社会问题的揭示和 批判，有助于激发人们对社会正义和 进步的思考，推动社会变革和进步。
，关注其思想内涵和人文精 神，了解当时的社会变革和
文化思潮。
总结词
注重作品的文学技巧和创新
详细描述
探讨中期文学作品所运用的文学技巧和创 新，如何推动文学的发展，以及在文学史 上的贡献。
总结词
关注作品的情感表达和审美追求
详细描述
分析中期文学作品中的情感表达和审美追 求，如何通过情感和审美来表达作品的主 题和思想。
英国文学的价值
英国文学不仅是文化遗产，也是人类智慧的结晶。它提供了对人性、社会和人 类命运的深刻洞察，启发了人们对生活、道德和人性的思考。英国文学作品还 具有很高的审美价值，为读者提供了丰富的阅读体验。
分析当前英国文学的发展趋势
多元化与包容性
当前英国文学的一个显著趋势是 多元化和包容性。越来越多的作 家来自不同背景，关注各种社会 议题，使英国文学更加丰富多彩
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社会责任与担当
面对当今世界的挑战，未来的英国文学将更加注重社会责任和担当。作
家们将通过他们的作品关注环境保护、社会公正和人权等议题，发挥文
学在社会问题上的舆论引导和思考启迪的作用。
THANKS
感谢观看
通过阅读英国文学作品，可以了解不 同社会背景和文化传统下人们的思想 观念和行为方式，促进跨文化交流和 理解。
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Renaissance English Literature (15C-----17C)
The Renaissance sprang first in Italy in the 14 century and gradually spread all over Europe. Two feature are striking of this movement. The one is a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature. While people learned to admire the Greek and Latin works as models of literary form, they caught something in spirit very different from the medieval Catholic dogma. So the love of classics was but an expression of the general dissatisfaction at the Catholic and feudal ideas.
The epic poem Beowulf describes the most heroic man of the Anglo-Saxon times. It is a Denmark story which used alliteration, metaphors and understatements.
Geoffrey Chaucer is the founder of English poetry, writer, also the outstanding English poet before William Shakespeare. Chaucer made a crucial contribution to English literature in writing in English at a time when much court poetry was still composed in AngloNorman or Latin. Although he spent one of two brief periods of disfavor, Chaucer lived the whole of his life close the centers of English power.
The Angle-Saxons: English literature began with
the Anglo-Saxon settlement Anglo-Saxon Language (old English)
Beowulf
The Norman: Feudalism, landlord & peasant began
The Canterbury Tales is
one of the landmarks of English literature, perhaps the greatest work produced in Middle English and certainly among the most ambitious. It is one of the few works of the English Middle Ages that has had a continuous history of publication. It was the last of Geoffrey Chaucer's works, written after Troilus and Creseyde during the final years of Chaucer's life. However, Chaucer only completed twenty-four tales, not even completing one tale for each pilgrim.
The English literature of The Enlightenment Age
The Age of Romanticism
The Victorian Age The 20th-Century British poetry
Early and Mediehe hero, Beowulf, is a seemingly invincible person with all the extraordinary traits required of a hero. He is able to use his super-human physical strength and courage to put his people before himself.
Adventures of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table
with the Norman, language greatly changed and enriched.
Beowulf is considered as a national epic of the English people.
5 Century------1485
“Early” here means English literature in primitive and
slavery society.
“Medieval period” is a quite special period in
English history. In Chinese “Medieval” or “The Middle Age”.
He encounters hideous monsters and the most ferocious of beasts but he never fears the threat of death. His leadership skills are superb and he is even able to boast about all his achievements.
英国文学史与选读
通过作品找意境，通过中西文学对比， 让文学课升华至文化课，让我们的学 生成为自己的主人。
Structure
Early and Medieval English Literature
Renaissance English Literature
The English Literature of The 17th Century