清华大学跨文化课程教案7精品教育文档

while very little is in
the coded, explicitly
transmit-ted part of
the message.
Tea Ceremony
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Low-context culture
?A low context (LC) communication is just the opposite; i.e., the mass of the information is vested in the explicit code.”
evil but perfectible
good but corruptible
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
2. Person-nature orientation
(1) mastery with nature（注：图片为愚公移山） (2) harmony with nature （注：图片为中药材） (3) subjugation to nature （注：图片为印尼海啸）
? The loyalty of individualists to a given group is very weak. ? People feel they belong to many groups and are apt to change their
membership as it suits them, switching churches, for example, or leaving one employer for another.
?
High-Context Cultures
?
Japanese
?
Chinese
?
Korean
?
African American
?
Native American
?
Arab
?
Greek
?
Latin
?
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
Italian
?
English
?
French
?
American
?
Scandinavian
?
German
?
German-Swiss
4. Activity orientation
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
?a. Value - Doing Orientation ?b. Value - Being Orientation ?c. Value - Being-in-Becoming Orientation
Text A: Defining cultural patterns
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Text B: Components of Cultural Patterns
Beliefs
Cultural patterns
Social Practices
Values
Norms
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
1. Individualism versus collectivism
The characteristics of cultures that value individualism
? People's personal goals take priority over their groups like the family or the employer.
Beliefs
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Values
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Values involve what a culture regards as good or bad, right or wrong, fair or unfair, just or unjust, beautiful or ugly, clean or dirty, valuable or worthless, appropriate or inappropriate, and kind or cruel.
? Blood is thicker than water. ? Time is money. ? A man's house is his castle. ? The early bird catches the worm. ? 人之初，性本善。 ? 天人感应。 ? 一人得道，鸡犬升天。 ? 以人为鉴，可以明得失；以史为鉴，
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Text C: Edward T. Hall's Context culture theory
1）The definition of context: “the information that surrounds an event; it
is inextricably bound up with the mean-ing of the event.” 2）Categorization of high-context culture and low-context culture depending on the degree to which meaning comes from the set-tings or from the words being exchanged.
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Norms
Norms are the socially shared expectations of appropriate behaviors. Norms may change over a period of time, whereas beliefs and values tend to be much more enduring.
mastery with nature
subjugation to nature
harmony with
nature
mastery with nature
3. Time orientation
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
a. Value - Past Orientation b. Value - Present Orientation c. Value - Future Orientation
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Exploring Ideas
?What would you add or change to more accurately express the Chinese orientation to relation? Is the relational orientation changing? What is your evidence?
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
5. Relational orientation
?a. Value - Individualism Orientation ?b. Value - Lineality Orientation ?c. Value - Collaterality Orientation
of
Thinking
Ways
of
Acting
Beliefs Values Norms
Social Practices
High-context Low-context
Human Nature Person-Nature
Time Activity Relational
Individualism
and
Collectivism
H5.iRnedlautioentahl iocrsientation
Chapter7 Cultural Patterns
1. Human nature orientation
(1) Humans are evil but changeable, (2) humans are evil and unchangeable, (3) humans are neutral with respect to good and evil, (4) humans are a mixture of good and evil, (5) humans are good but changeable, and (6) humans are good and unchangeable.
可以知兴替。
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Text D: Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's value orientation
1. Human nature orientation 2. Person-nature orientation 3. Time orientation 4. Activity orientation
----Daniel Goleman
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
High-context culture
? “Ahigh context (HC)
communication or
message is one in
which most of the
infor- mation
is
already in the person,
Chapter 7Cultural Patterns
Text E: Hofstede's cultural dimensions
1. Individualism versus collectivism 2. Uncertainty avoidance 3. Power distance 4. Masculinity versus femininity
大学英语 跨文化交际
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
黑龙江大学外语部
Learning objectives:
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Chapter Outline
Cultural Patterns
?
Lower-Context Cultures
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Case Analysis - “wrong signals”
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
What's the values reflected in the following proverbs?
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Social Practices
Social practices are the predictable behavior patterns that members of a culture typically follow. Thus, social practices are the outward manifestations of beliefs, values, and norms.
Uncertainty Avoidance
Power distance
Masculinity
–
Femininity
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Lead-in Case: Marriage and Social status
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Definition
Components
Edward T Hall's Context - Culture Theory
Kluckhohn Strodtbeck's Orientation
and Value
Hofstede's Dimensions of Cultural Variability
Ways
An American standing on chair in restaurant
giving speech at his leaving his hometown
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Cultures Arranged Along the High-
Context and Low-Context Dimension