高考英语总复习之词汇、短语与句型动词时态和语态的必考考点归纳与详解

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高考英语中动词时态和语态的必考考点归纳与详解(一)动词时态考查要点简述

1. 一般现在时考点分析

(1)表示客观事实或普通真理(不受时态限制)

The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.

Water boils at 100oC.

(2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词;表示经常或习惯性的动作,多用动作动词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用。

Ice feels cold.

We always care for each other and help each other.

(3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时:see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem 等。如:

Smith owns a car and a house.

All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.

(4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”,但不表示时态。

If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会,我的家人会非常高兴。

(5)少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时,表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排,肯定会出现的状态,只用一般现在时。

The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.

Tomorrow is Wednesday.

2. 一般过去时的考点分析(考核重点)。

(1)一般过去时的基本用法:表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示);用于表达过去的习惯;表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如:

I met her in the street yesterday.

I once saw the famous star here.

(2)如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语,尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生,但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。如:

He told me he read an interesting novel last night.

(3)表示两个紧接着发生的动作,常由以下词语连接,用一般过去时。如:but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。

The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.

He bought a watch but lost it.

(4)常用一般过去时的句型:

Why didn’t you / I think of that?

I didn’t notice it.

I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.

I didn’t recognize him.

3. 一般将来时考点分析。

(1)表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词(常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等)。

(2)表示一种趋向或习惯动作。

We’ll die without air or water.

(3)表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。

(4)be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别:

①be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事,这种打算往往经过事先考虑,甚至已做了某种准备;shall / will do表示未事先考虑过,即说话时临时作出的决定。

②be going to 表将来,不能用在条件状语从句的主句中;而will则能,表意愿。如:

If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.(正确)

If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误)

③be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作,还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止,可能性等。

A meeting i s to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon.

④be about to do sth.表示“即可,就要”,后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。

Autumn harvest is about to start.

4. 现在进行时考点分析。

(1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作;表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时;表近期特定的安排或计划;go、come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。如:

I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.

We are leaving on Friday.

At six I am bathing the baby.(I start bathing the bady before six.)

The girl is always talking loud in public.

(与always、often等频度副词连用,表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩)

(2)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。

①表示心理状态、情感的动作:like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。

②表存在的状态的动词:appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。

③表示一时性动作的动词:allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。

④表示感官的动词:see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。

5. 过去完成时考点分析(考核重点)。

(1)常用过去完成时的几种情况:

①在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如:By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station.

②表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/ though / wanted / expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即:hoped / planned … + to have done。

③“时间名词+ before”在句子中作状语,谓语动词用过去完成时;“时间名词+ ago”在句中作状语,谓语动词用一般过去式。如:He said his first teacher had died at least

10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.

④表示“一……就”的几个句型:Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when / than / before + 一般过去时。如:We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.

(2)在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。

After he (had)left the room, the boss came in.

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