阅读unit 5-reading 4

5.fundamentalism
Fundamentalism is strict adherence to specific set of theological doctrines typically in reaction against the theology ofModernism. The term "fundamentalism" was originally coined by its supporters to describe a specific package of theological beliefs that developed into a movement within the Protestant community of theUnited Statesin the early part of the 20th century, and that had its roots in theFundamentalist-Modernist Controversyof that time.
徐州工程学院教案
2010年至2011年第二学期第周星期
课题名称（含教材章节）：Unit 5 Globalization
教学目的和要求：to learn about globalization;
to learn about the causes of the clash of civilization;
The theory was originally formulated in a 1992 lecture at theAmerican Enterprise Institute, which was then developed in a 1993Foreign Affairsarticle titled "The Clash of Civilizations?", in response toFrancis Fukuyama's 1992 book,The End of History and the Last Man. Huntington later expanded his thesis in a 1996 book The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order.
3.civilization
Civilization (orcivilisation) is a sometimes controversial term which has been used in several related ways. Primarily, the term has been used to refer to humancultureswhich are complex in terms oftechnology,science,politicsanddivision of labour. Such civilizations are generallyurbanized. In classical contexts civilized peoples were called this in contrast to "barbarian" peoples, while in modern contexts civilized peoples have been contrasted to "primitive" peoples.
The level of advancement of a civilization is often measured by its progress in agriculture, long-distance trade,occupational specialization, andurbanism. Aside from these core elements, civilization is often marked by any combination of a number of secondary elements, including a developedtransportationsystem,writing, standards of measurement (currency, etc.),contractandtort-basedlegalsystems, characteristicartstyles (which may pertain to specific cultures), monumentalarchitecture,mathematics,science, sophisticatedmetallurgy,politics, andastronomy.
2.acculturation
Acculturation is the exchange of cultural features that results when groups of individuals having different cultures come into continuous first hand contact; the original cultural patterns of either or both groups may be altered, but the groups remain distinct. Despite definitions and evidence that acculturation entails two-way processes of change, research and theory have continued with a focus on the adjustments and changes experienced by minorities in response to their contact with the dominant majority.
The traditional definition sometimes differentiates between acculturation by an individual (transculturation) and that by a group, usually very large (acculturation).
The term itself was first used byBernard Lewisin an article in the September 1990 issue ofThe Atlantic Monthlytitled "The Roots of Muslim Rage".
This expression derives fromclash of cultures, already used during the colonial period and theBelle Époque.
Portrait ofNative Americansfrom the Cherokee, Cheyenne, Choctaw, Comanche, Iroquois, and Muscogee tribes in European attire. Photos dates from 1868 to 1924.
4.clash of civilization
The Clash of Civilizations is a theory, proposed bypolitical scientistSamuel P. Huntington, that people's cultural and religiousidentitieswill be the primary source of conflict in the post-Ceen civilizations;
教学重点：globalization and related concepts;
教学难点：the causes of the clash of civilization;
教学内容（要点）
Text I: Why Civilization Will Clash
In modern academic discussions however, there is a tendency to use the term in a more neutral way to mean approximately the same thing as "culture" and can refer to any human society (for example, "Ancient Greek Civilization") associated with any particular geographical location at a particular time, historical or current. Still, even when used in this second sense, the word is often restricted to apply only to societies that have attained a particular level of advancement, especially the founding of cities, with the word "city" defined in various ways.
Thus, acculturation can be conceived to be the processes of cultural learning imposed upon minorities by the fact of being minorities. Ifenculturationis first-culture learning, then acculturation is second-culture learning. This has often been conceived to be a unidimensional, zero-sum cultural conflict in which the minority's culture is displaced by the dominant group's culture in a process of assimilation.