英文时态：完成时态

1）我曾经在某个地方见过她。
I have ever seen her somewhere. → 2
2）到目前为止, 该桥尙未竣工。
So far, the bridge hasn't been completed. → 2
3）她刚刚买了一部新自行车。
She has just bought a new bike. → 2


since的四种用法 1)since+过去一个时间点 (如具体的年、月、日期、钟 点、1980,last month,half past six)。 I have been here since 1989. 2)since+一段时间+ago I have been here since five months ago. 3)since+从句 Great changes have taken place since you left. Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.
⑤Mr. Odds works in a bank and lives on his own. The only family he has is in the next town: his sister lives there with her husband, and her son, Mark. Last week Mr. Odds had a surprise. He drove home from the bank at the usual time, driving neither too slowly nor too fast; he parked his car where he always parked it, out of the way of other cars, and he went inside to make his evening meal. Straight away, there was a knock at the door. Mr. Odds opened the door, to find a policeman standing on the doorstep. “What have I done wrong?” Mr. Odds asked himself. “Have I driven on the wrong side of the road? Has there been some trouble at the bank? Have I forgotten to pay an important bill?” “Hello, Uncle,” said the policeman, “My name’s Mark.” ⑥You should have put the milk into icebox; I expect it undrinkable by now. A．became B．had become C．has become
⑴现在完成时： 在现在之前（即过去）开始发生并持续到现在或对 现在有影响的动作。 I have learned 2000 words so far.
⑵过去完成时： 在过去之前（即过去的过去）开始发生的并持续到 过去或对过去有影响的动作。 I had learned 1000 words by the end of last year. ⑶将来完成时： 在将来之前（可能是过去、现在或将来）开始发生 的并持续的将来或对将来有影响的动作。 I will have learned 3000 words by the end of
D．becomes
※ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ二种现在完成时态使用技巧 1)、这种完成时态的肯定句不与“一段时间”的时间 状语连用
常见的这类动词有：come, go, leave, kill, die, lose, buy, start, give, marry, join, bring, hear, etc.），因此与它连用的时间状语不能是指“一段时 间”。 ①I have heard from my girlfriend since I came to America.（×） ②I have bought this pair of shoes for a year．（×） ③He has left his hometown for 3 years.（×）
4）我们已经在这里生活了十年。
We have already lived here for ten years. →1
5）我学习英语的时间长达25年了。
I've studied English for twenty-five years. →1
6）自1997年以来，我就没见过她了。
I haven't seen her since the year of 1997.→2
或者，由上下文明确告知，开始于过去的动作只持续 到说话时刻为止即已结束。例如： ①A：Have you waited long? B：I’ve waited for three hours. ②I’ve waited for him all day; I don’t want to wait any longer.
2、现在完成时态用法（二）：过去发生但与现在仍有联系 的动作或状态 表示在不确定的过去发生的某一动作与现在的情况有联 系。谓语动词一般为短暂性动词。 ①He has broken his leg. ②He broke his leg. ③A modern girl went to the theatre with a vest and a pair of slippers. The ticket-examiner turned her away very politely: “Miss, NO ADMISSION WITH SLIPPERS.” “Really?” the girl took off the slippers and carried them in her hands, “Then I will go in barefootedly.” “Oh, my god!” the ticket-examiner cried out, “Fortunately, I have not told her NO ADMISSION WITH A VEST.” ④A：What has happened to Jane? She is crying. B：She broke the dining-room window. She has to face the music when her father gets home.
4)It is+一段时间+since从句 It is two years since I became a post graduate student.
⑶“到目前为止……”：until now, up until now, up to now, up till now, so far等。例如： We have up until now failed to take any action to decide on a common language that would further communication between nations. ⑷ “在最近几世纪／年／月以来……”：in the past few years, over the past few years, during the last three months, for the last few centuries, through centuries, throughout history等。例如： ①Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die, for the very nature of life includes death. ②Through centuries the bizarre antics of sleepwalkers have puzzled police, perplexed scientists and fascinated writers.
这种现在完成时的特点： 1）谓语动词一般为延续性动词。 2）动作发生的时间是过去，但这一动作持续到现在。 3）与这种用法的现在完成时态连用的时间状语通常是 表示“一段时间”的时间状语，以说明某个动作或状 态持续了多久。
※与此种用法的现在完成时态搭配的时间状语： ⑴since＋时间点 ①I’ve worked in this company since 1980. ②I’ve worked in this company since I left school. 注意不能说：since three years，而要说since three years ago。 ⑵for＋时间段 ①I’ve worked in this company for three years. ②Great changes have taken place in Beijing for the past few years.
1、现在完成时态用法（一）：延续到现在的动作或状态 开始于过去的动作一直持续到现在。谓语动词一般 为延续性动词。 ①An old woman walked out into the middle of the street. The policeman yelled to her, “Don’t you know what it means when I hold up my hand?” The lady said, “Sure I do. I have been a school teacher for 28 years now.” ②I have lived here for 3 years. ③The teacher has taught in this school since I came here. ④I’ve worked in this company since I left school. ⑤Since time began, man has lived in fear of fire.