十七、英语语法 定语从句(一)
英语语法讲解之定语从句
英语语法讲解之定语从句时间:2016-08-12作者:来源:学习方法网一.几个基本概念1.定语从句的定义:用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.定语从句的位置:紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
4.引导词:引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
﹙1﹚关系代词:that/who/whom/which/as﹙2﹚关系副词:when/where/why5.引导词的位置:位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。
【as除外】6.引导词的功能(作用):﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语)。
7.定语从句的类型:﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
①直接由引导词引导定语从句The man who you’re talking to is my friend.②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在从句之尾。
例如:The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。
2020年高考英语语法考点讲解与真题分析专题6:定语从句(一)附解析
2020年高考高考语法考点讲解与真题分析06定语从句(一)在主句中作定语的句子叫定语从句。
定语从句又分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
考点一定语从句关系词的选择定语从句关系词的选择是定语从句的重点和难点。
关系词分为关系代词和关系副词,关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。
关系词的选择可从两个方面入手:一是关系词在从句中所作的成分;二是先行词所指。
关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语时,用关系代词;关系词在从句中作状语时,用关系副词。
先行词指人时,关系代词用who, whom, that, whose;先行词指物时,关系代词用which, that, whose。
详见下表:1.关系代词who, whom, which, that引导定语从句关系代词who, whom, which, that在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
1. The little problems _______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. (2017北京)A.thatB. asC. whereD. when【答案】A【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是The little problems may be inspirations for great inventions,从句是_______ we meet in our daily lives。
从句修饰主句中的problem,是定语从句;关系词在从句中作meet的宾语,应用关系代词,故用that。
2.The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. (2014安徽)A. WhenB. whereC. whyD. which【答案】D【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是The exact year was 2008,从句是_______ Angela and her family spenttogether in China。
英语语法:定语从句(1)
主语;宾语 作宾语可省 主语;宾语 宾语 定语 作宾语可省 可省 不可省
关系代词:
1. who指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)
The man who I talked with is our teacher. A person who steals things is called a thief.
限制性定语从句的构成
The old lady who lives next to us sells books. You should do all that I said. I have found the teather whom I am looking for . I visited the factory where my father works. 1.从句位置及语序 先行词 之后,用陈述式语序 “….的” 关系词
The lady is Green. We saw her yesterday.
Who/that
The lady
we saw her yesterday is Green
关系代词的用法
指 代 That Which Who Whom whose 人;物 物
人 人 人、物
所作成分 主语;宾语
是否可省略 作宾语可省
先行词 关系词 从句
which、that 是关系代词,它在从句中代替 先行词the building,同时担任从句中的主语, 也起连词的作用,把两个简单句连接 起来。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句(无逗号)
定 语 从 The Non-Restrictive Attributive 句 Clause 非限制性定语从句(有逗号)
高一英语语法——定语从句(1) 教案
一. 教学内容:语法——定语从句〔1〕什么是定语?定语是用来修饰名词或代词的,对其起修饰限制作用。
被修饰的词叫先行词。
英语中可以作定语的词包括形容词〔短语〕,介词短语,非谓语动词等。
→ a pretty girl→ a bottle full of water→the book on the table→the girl standing over there→the school built in 1970此外,句子也可以作定语,也就是定语从句。
→the girl who is standing over there.→the school that was built in 1970.引导词:关系代词和关系副词特点:①连接作用:引导从句,把它和主句连接起来。
②替代作用:在从句中替代它前面的先行词。
③成分作用:在从句中充当句子成分。
关系代词:that, which, who, whom, whose→A plane is a machine that can fly. (指物,作主语)→The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.〔指物,作宾语〕→Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. (指物,作表语)→Let’s ask the man that is reading the book over there.〔指人,作主语〕→The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister. 〔指人,作宾语〕→They planted the trees which didn’t need much water. 〔指物,作主语〕→The fish (which) we bought were not fresh.〔指物,作宾语〕→The boy who broke the window is called Michael.〔指人,作主语〕→The person (whom/who) you talked to is my math teacher. 〔指人,作宾语〕→Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.〔指人,作主语〕→This is the house whose window broke last night. 〔指物,作主语〕英语中,定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
英语语法大全之定语从句
英语语法大全之定语从句一、限制性和非限制性定语从句1) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
2) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
3) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如:This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。
(限制性)The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。
(非限制性)二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
史上最标准的英语语法之定语从句
第十七节定语从句介词和关系代词1. 使用方法(1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。
(2)that前不能有介词。
(3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。
例如:This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?Do you remember the day when you joined our club?This is the reason why he came late.This is the reason for which he came late.(4)介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导;当介词放在关系代词前面时,关系代词只能用which/whom即“介词+which/whom"且不能省略。
但当介词位于末尾时可用that/which/who/whom.作介词的宾语,且可以省略。
例如:The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. "that/which"可以省略= The school in which he once studied is very famous. "which”不可省略Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.= Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.= We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.2.注意事项(1)含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care of 等T This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T=正确)F This is the watch for which I am looking. (F=错误)(2)若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)(2) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)(3)“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few 等代词、数词或者名词。
初一七年级英语语法定语从句用法总结含练习及答案
初一七年级英语语法定语从句用法总结含练习及答案定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句,由关系代词或关系副词引导。
初一英语中的定语从句仅限于限制性定语从句。
一、英语中的定语从句的位置。
英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后。
如:The man(先行词) who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday(定语从句)is my English teacher.昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。
二、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂,有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。
限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系。
关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。
关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语,关系副词在句中作状语。
如:I am waiting for the boy (先行词) who /that (关系代词)is wearing a red coat. (主语)我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。
The dictionary (先行词) that / which(关系代词)my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(宾语)我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。
The woman is his mother (先行词) whose (关系代词)name is Linda Brown. (定语)那个是他的母亲,名叫琳达·布朗。
That is the house (先行词) where (关系副词)my father used to live.(状语)那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。
三、初中英语中定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。
1. who指人(也可用that),在定语从句中作主语,也可作宾语。
英语语法之关系代词引导的定语从句
№.1英语语法之关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句是一种修饰名词或代词的从句,用来进一步描述或限定先行词的性质、特征或身份。
它以关系代词作为引导词,在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语,并与主句之间存在着关系。
汉语中常见的关系代词有:谁、何、哪、什么、怎样等。
而在英语中,常见的关系代词包括:who、whom、whose、which和that。
以下是一些例子来说明关系代词引导的定语从句的用法:1. 关系代词作主语:- The student who is sitting in the front row is my best friend.(坐在前排的那个学生是我最好的朋友。
)- This is the book that I borrowed from the library.(这是我从图书馆借来的书。
)-The person who called me yesterday is my best friend.(昨天打电话给我的人是我最好的朋友。
)-The dog that barks all night belongs to my neighbor.(整夜叫的那只狗属于我邻居。
)-The car which crashed into the tree was badly damaged.(撞到树上的那辆车损坏得很严重。
)-The movie that we watched last night was very entertaining.(我们昨晚看的电影非常有趣。
)-The book which you recommended is on the bestseller list.(你推荐的那本书在畅销书榜单上。
)-The team that won the championship will have a victory parade.(获得冠军的那支队伍将进行胜利游行。
)2. 关系代词作宾语:- The house which he bought last year is very big.(他去年买的那幢房子非常大。
英语语法定语从句详解-(1)
How many kinds of Attributive Clauses are there?
The Restrictive Attributive
定 Clause 语 限制性定语从句 从 句 The Non-Restrictive Attributive
先d行on词’是t uevnerdytehrinsgt,annotdhin?g, anything,
something, much, little, none等不定代词,引 导定语从句用that
1.that 与which
1.This is the best TV __t_h_a_t__ is
made in China.
who
The girl
we saw yesterday is Mary.
关系代词的实质-代替先行词
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
The girl who we saw yesterday is Mary.
用which,指人用whom
2如何判断介词
1)、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
This is the book_f_o__r_ which you asked 注意:动词短语不能拆开
The girl we saw who yesterday is Mary.
关系代词的实质-代替先行词
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
初中英语语法之——定语从句
注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代who, 如: / whohas a sense of duty won’t 1) Any man that __________ do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。 2)All the guests___________ that / whowere invited to her wedding were important people. 所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。
四. 修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分 (一)不用that的情况 1. 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 1)The tree, that is four hundred years old, 错 is very famous here. (___) 2)The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (____) 对 2. 介词后不能用。 which get 1) We depend on the land from ______we our food. that/which 2) We depend on the land _____________we get our food from.
2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。如: that they visited in London was The first place ______ the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如: This is the best film______ that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
合并为一个句子
英语语法专项1:定语从句
英语语法专项1:定语从句英语语法专项1:定语从句【定语从句综述】定语从句在句中作定语,修饰名词或代词。
被修饰的名词或者代词被称为先⾏词,定语从句⼀般放在先⾏词的后⾯。
引导定语从句的词被称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词,它们在先⾏词和定语从句之间起引导作⽤,在意义上代替先⾏词,在定语从句中充当⼀个成分。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和⾮限制性定语从句。
⼀、定语从句中关系词的选⽤1.找出先⾏词,关系词的选择主要依据先⾏词在从句中所作的成分,先⾏词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时,选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose);先⾏词在从句中作状语时,应选择关系副词(where,when,why)。
2.who,whom,that这些词代替的先⾏词是表⽰⼈的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的那个⼈吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/that I am waiting for.他就是我正在等待的那个⼈。
(whom/that在从句中作宾语)which,that所代替的先⾏词是表⽰事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
He failed in the exam,which made his father angry.他考试不及格,这使他⽗亲很⽣⽓。
3.关系副词when,where,why的先⾏词是表⽰时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
具体⽤法如下:when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语;where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语;why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。
The reason why I don’t trust him is that he oft en tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。
【⼩叮咛】先⾏词是时间名词或地点名词时,如果在从句中不作状语,则不能⽤when或where引导定语从句,⽽要⽤which/that。
【英语语法】定语从句(一)
【热点语法】英语定语从句(一)山东潍坊刘永科一、定语从句概述“定语从句”是英语学习的重点和难点,也是英语高考和其他各类英语考试的必考项目。
它是复合句中三大从句(名词性从句、状语从句和定语从句)之一,也是最难掌握的一种从句。
定语从句的难点在于它的特殊结构,即“先行词+关系代词(关系副词)+从句”。
许多同学分不清哪是先行词或干脆忽略掉先行词的概念,因而不能正确使用关系代词或关系副词,更不清楚定语从句中的一些特殊情况。
因此,要想掌握定语从句,就必须弄懂定语从句的本质,掌握其要点:1. 什么叫先行词?准确判断出定语从句所修饰的先行词;2. 关系代词和关系副词有何区别,正确使用关系代词或关系副词;3. 介词置于关系代词之前的情况;4. 关系代词或关系副词的省略;5. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别;6. 定语从句与强调句型和同位语从句的区别。
二、什么成分可以作定语英语中作定语的成份有许多,形容词、名词、代词、数词、不定式、分词介词短语以及地点方位副词等都可以充当定语。
例如:This is a difficult problem.这是一道难题。
(形容词)The doctor told me to open my mouth and put out my tongue.医生让我张开嘴巴伸出舌头。
(代词)Granny cut the birthday cake into twenty pieces.奶奶把生日蛋糕切成了20块。
(数词)He works in a trade company.他在一家贸易公司上班。
(名词)You should grasp this chance to go abroad.你应该抓住这次出国的机会。
(不定式短语)Do you know the man speaking to our headmaster? 你认识正在跟我们校长说话的那个人吗?(现在分词短语)Most of the people invited to the conference are from Europe.应邀出席会议者大多来自欧洲。
英语语法之定语从句解析(附练习题)
英语语法之定语从句解析(附练习题)
一.定语从句的概念:
1.英文中如果一句话里动词超过一个时候,就会与中文不一样。
总的来说处理方式有两种:
1). 从句2). 非谓语
从句一共有三大类:定语从句,名词性从句,状语从句
2. 什么是定语?
我喜欢苹果。
I like apples.
我喜欢红苹果。
I like red apples.
我喜欢书上的苹果。
I like the apple on the book.
我喜欢你摘的苹果。
I like the apple that you pick.
以上例句中的红,书上的,你摘的,他们发挥的作用是一样的,就是限定这个苹果。
英语中把这种用来修饰,或者限定名词的句子成分,叫做定语。
形容词是一个单词。
定语的范围大于形容词。
两者是包含与被包含的关系。
定语从句就是:位于定语的位置,发挥定语的作用的从句。
它必须依附于主句而存在。
二. 定语从句的结构:
先行词+关系代词/关系副词+ 从句
先行词:被修饰的这个词
1. 关系代词:which,that,who, whose,whom,as
如:我喜欢你买的裙子。
中考英语语法定语从句课件(1)
先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替) 2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用 all that 代替)
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定 语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:
2.先行词由最高级、序数词以及 any, very, only, all, no, just 等 所修饰。如: This is the most beautiful place that I have been to . 行词既包括人,也包括物。如: They always like to talk about the man and the things that they see on the road. 当主句是以 which 或 who 开头的特殊疑问句时。如: who is the man that opened up the lab.
as 和 which 在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句 所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作 主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点: (1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而 which 不可。 (2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必 须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代 词只能用 which.。
英语语法之定语从句1
定语从句语法完全总结含习题、答案1、定语从句的基本特征一被定语从句修饰的先行词的特征是人还是物以及将要在定语从句中所充当的成份。
二引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词代替先行词在定语从句中充当成份。
选好哪种关系代词或关系副词非常重要。
2、在定语从句中能做主语的关系代词who which that例如关于whoThe number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250,000.This is the man who helped me yesterday.例句关于whichA wide and busy road which was built like a bridge over another road fell onto theone below.The building which stands near the river is our school.例句关于thatHe asked to do things in a way that did not do harm to others. Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?You can take any seat that is free.3、在定语从句中能做宾语的关系代词who whom that which例句(关于who、whom)This is the man whom we talked about.The man whom you met in the school-The old lady who you talked to is Jane’s grandmother.例句关于that 、whichThis is the book which you want.The letter that I received was from my father.All that we have to do is to practise every day.4、在定语从句中能做定语的关系代词4、在定语从句中能做定语的关系代词例句He lives in the room whose door is green.The girl whose father is a doctor studies very well.5、在定语从句中做时间状语的关系副词when例句Oct 1,1949 was the day when the new China was founded.I will never forget the day when I met Mr Liu.6、在定语从句中做地点状语的关系副词whereThis is the place where we lived for 5 years.This is the house where he lived last year.7、在定语从句中做原因状语的关系副词whyI know the reason why he came late.Can you tell me the reason why you are late for school.8、As 引导限制性定语从句时先行词常有such 和the same 修饰as 在从句中不省略,as也常修饰整个句子可放在句末甚至句中或句首。
(重点解析)高中英语语法专题一 定语从句
(重点解析)高中英语语法专题一定语从句专题一定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句1、that指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语which指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略)who指人在从句中作主语,宾语或表语whom指人在从句中作宾语whose指人或物在从句中作定语as指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语but指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语注意:指物时,whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as的用法(1)常用于下列结构:such…as;so…as;the same…as;as…as 注意:the same…as表示同一类,不同一个the same…that表示同一个(2)as与which的区别a、位置不同as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。
b、as起连接作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。
Which相当于并列句,可以用and this来代替,意为“这一点,这件事’”。
注意:as常用于下列结构:as we know/as is known to all,as we all can see,as has been said before/above,as might be excepted,as is often the case,一般不能用which代替as。
c、在从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as只可作系动词be的主语。
二、只用that不用which的情况1、.先行词为all,much,everything,nothing, something,anything,nothing,none,the one等不定代词时2、先行词被only,any,few,little,no,all,just,very,right等修饰时.3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
英语语法之形容词性从句(一)
形容词从句(一)形容词从句(定语从句)是指用来说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子。
被形容词从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导形容词从句的关联词有关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as和关系副词when, where, why等。
一、关系代词引导的形容词从句引导形容词从句的关系代词有:who,whom(代人),which(代物),that,whose(代人或代物)。
关系代词在从句中可以充当主语、宾语或定语,关系代词的数和人称要与先行词一致,它的格则取决于它在从句中充当的成分。
1.在从句中充当主语的关系代词:who,that,which引导形容词从句时都可以在从句中充当主语,指人或指物。
e.g. I) All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的不一定都是金子。
II) Do you know the man who came to see Mary this morning?你认识今天早上来看玛丽的那个人吗?III) Feeling loved provides invaluable emotional strength to cope successfully with almost any difficulty that (which) arises in life.感到有人爱会赋予他们一种不可估量的情感力量,从而帮助他们成功地应付生活中出现的种种困难。
2.在从句中充当宾语的关系代词:who,whom,which,that引导形容词从句时可以在从句中充当宾语,指人或指物。
e.g. I) The son whom(who) he had turned out had gone to a distant land .被他赶出家门的那个儿子已经远走他乡。
II) The few points which (that) the president stressed in his report are very importantindeed. 院长在报告里强调的几点确实十分重要。
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和whom就绝不可以通用了,所以如果还继续使用who句子就错了。此处只能用whom 。)
whose
用于代替"表示人或物意义"的先行词,在从句中作定语,往往与它所修饰的名词一起构成一个名词短语在从句中担当成分。Whose常表达"某人的、某物的"之意。例如:
那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。
I've got a novel which you may like to read .
我弄到一本你或许想看的小说。
That was a fault which could not be forgiven . 那是不能饶恕的错误。
.工薪在几千美元以上的人必须将工资中的一定百分比交付给联邦政府。
Who is the girl to that you talked just now ? (错误)
要点提示:
定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。例如:
从前面的讨论中我们可以清楚地看出,关系词在定语从句的构成里是至关重要的。我们甚至可以说,掌握不好关系词就无法做成定语从句,也无法理解文中带有定语从句部分的意思。因此,我们首先讨论一下关系词的有关问题。
定语从句中的关系词只有两类:关系代词和关系副词;没有连词。也就是说,定语从句中的所有关系词不但都有具体的意义而且都在从句中担任一定的成分。
由此我们还可以看出,"先行词"往往是分别重复出现在两个分句中的名词或代词。这也就是我们做定语从句的条件之必需。否则,"关系词"就无法去替代"先行词"而构筑定语从句了。这个道理就如同我们在计算机上"做剪贴以前要先做复制"一样。)
2)"先行词"的意义决定"关系词"的选择"关系词"的选择往往是由"先行词"自身表达的意义,以及它在从句中的语法功能而决定的。这个意思就是说,假如"先行词"自身表达的意义是表示"人的意义"或是"物的意义",那么我们就相应地选择表示"人的意义"或是"物的意义"的"先行词"。"先行词"
This is the book ( which ) you were looking for yesterday .
flavor.
沸点在摄氏100度的水无色、无味。
which 用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词,在从句中作主语、宾语。例如:
Views which are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .
operation . 他们正在寻找那位医生刚刚给他做过手术的病人。
(句中的关系代词whom代替the patient ,在从句中作介词on的宾语,而且介词on提到关系代词的前面,所以who
和whom就绝不可以通用了,此处只能用whom 。)
Who is the girl to who (whom) you talked just now ? (错误)
(先行词)where (关系词)people normally would not be afraid .
他们常在人们一般不会感到害怕的情况下却很容易感到恐惧或是感到不自在。
(本句中的关系词where = 先行词(in)situations 。如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句,那就是:
.
那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。
Salaried people that ( who) earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay
a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal government
Who is the girl whom ( who ) you talked to just now ?
刚才和你说话的那个女孩子是谁?
Yesterday, I happened to meet , in the shopping center , the professor who
1)three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack
rather than a heart attack
三种意味着一个人是患有惊恐症而不是心脏病的迹象在这个带有定语从句的名词短语中:
1)关系代词:who , whom , whose , which , that 等。
who用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词,并且在从句中作主语;在现代英语里,也可取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语。例如:
I have no idea about the man who wrote the article .
我们班上有些家不在武汉市的同学。
There are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are not words .
有许多声音有意义但不是词。
Tell him to go to the classroom where we often have our English class .
They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations
people normally would not be afraid in situations
由此可以看出,"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系)。 又例如:
要点提示:
1)"先行词"与"关系词"的内在联系"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系。也就是说,关系词的作用就是将先行词所表达意义"代到"从句中来起作用。例如:
They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations
those是:被修饰的名词;
who是:关系词;
who drink a lot是:定语从句
通过面上的演示,我们可以归纳出定语从句在句子中的位置、结构如下:
被修饰的名词 / 代词 + 关系词 + 句子 (其中,"被修饰的名词/代词"在语法叫作"先行词".)
( whom ) I got to know at a party .
昨天在购物中心,我碰巧遇见了那位我在一次聚会上认识的教授。
They are looking for the patient on whom doctors just performed an
如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句,那就是:
tell him to go to the classroom we often have our English class in the
classroom )
告诉他去我们常上英语课的那间教室。
(一) 关系词
signs是:被修饰的名词;
that是:关系词;
that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a
heart attack是定语从句
2)those who drink a lot 那些大量饮酒的人在这个带有定语从句的代词短语中:
Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate ?
你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗?
Water whose boiling point is at 100 degree Centigrade has no color, no
Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other
fields .
有些在语言学习上很有成就的人,在其他领域常常一无所成。
In our class , we have some students whose families are not in Wuhan.
Rude people are those (先行词) whose (关系词)behavior shows little respect
for the rules(先行词) that(关系词) the majority follows .
不讲礼貌的人是指那些,他们的行为对大多数人所遵从的规则并不表示尊敬的人。
在从句中的语法功能也是决定"关系词"选择的重要条件。比如说,同样都是表示"人的意义"的"先行词",如果它在从句中作主语,"关系词"就得用表示"人的意义"的主格形式,如果它在从句中作定语,"关系词"就得用表示"人的意义"的所有格形式。另外,有时"先行词"本身是表示事物的名词,而它在从句中却与介词构成了短语,在从句中充当状语,在这种情况下,我们就应该用"关系副词"而不能用"关系代词"了。例如: