如何提高句子翻译能力

句子翻译要求同学们根据所给的中文句子，写出相应的英文句子。它主要考察学生用英语表达的能力。

一．句子翻译中考题范例

【2011四川成都】四、汉译英。根据汉语意思和英语提示翻译句子。（共5小题，每小题2分；计10分）

1. 做自愿者有助于开阔青年学生的眼界(open up)

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2. 杰克当时病情严重，连医生也无能为力。(can't do anything about)

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3. 政府正千方百计为无家可归的人提供住房(go out of one's way to)

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4. 均衡的饮食和有规律的运动被视为健康的必要条件(be regarded as)

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5. 安迪曾抱怨说他和别人同样工作，但报酬却不一样。(the same as; pay)

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答案：

1. Being volunteers helps open up the eyes of the young students.

2. Jack’s illness was serious at that time and even the doctors couldn’t do anything about it.

3. The government is going out of its way to provide house for the homeless people.

4. Balanced diet(s) and regular sports are regarded as requirements for health.

5. Andy complained that he did the same job as others but was paid differently.

二．如何提高自己的翻译水平

1. 掌握英语的基本句型

1）主语＋连系动词＋表语(S+V+P)

吉姆的母亲看上去很疲倦。Jim’s mother looks very tired.

2）主语＋不及物动词(S+V)

我父亲一直努力工作。My father works hard all the time.

3）主语＋及物动词＋宾语(S+V+O)

我昨天买了五块蛋糕。I bought five cakes yesterday.

4）主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)

她给我买了一件新裙子。She bought me a new dress.

5）主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语（S+V+O+C）

我们必须使教室保持整洁。We must keep our classroom clean and tidy.

6）There＋be 句型

今年夏天雨水稀少。There is very little rain this summer.

2. 掌握各类句子的基本结构

1）陈述句（肯定式和否定式）

1992年他住在这儿。He lived here in 1992.

我已经有两个月没买什么东西了。I haven’t bought anything for two months.

2）疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句）

昨天上午你在看电视吗？Were you watching TV yesterday morning?

你每天骑车上学要花多长时间？How long does it take you to go to school by bike?

你是想喝咖啡还是喝茶？Would you like coffee or tea?

你今天下午不会离开这儿，是吧？You won’t leave here this afternoon, will you?

3）祈使句（肯定式和否定式）

就在这儿等到我回来为止。Please wait here until I come back.

别浪费你的时间!Don’t waste your time!

3. 汉译英中要注意的几个问题

1)英语句子的词序（主语+谓语+宾语+方式状语+地点状语+时间状语。）

两天前我开心地在这家商店里买了很多东西。I bough many things happily in this shop 2 days ago

2) 选择正确的时态

校长去纽约了，他十天后回来。The headmaster has gone to New York, and he will come back in ten days.

3) 选择正确的语态

这辆自行车两小时之内可以修好。This bicyle can be mended in two hours.

4）选择正确的表达方式

直到我们回来了他才离开。He didn’t leave until we came back.（wait）

4. 句子翻译题选练

1. 比较结构的翻译

1)与…一样（as…as），不如…(not as/so…as)

这个教室不如那个教室大。This classroom is not as big as that one.

2)比…. ( 比较级＋than)

这个问题要比另两个问题难。This question is harder than the other two.

3)越…越（the＋比较级，the＋比较级）

我们的学校正变得越来越漂亮。Our school is getting more and more beautiful.

4)最…(最高级＋比较范围)

长城是世界上最长的城墙。The Great Wall is the longest wall in the world.

2. 非谓语动词的翻译

1)动词不定式

学外语并不容易。It’s not easy to learn a foreign language.(To learn a foreign language is not easy)

2) 动名词

我哥哥不喜欢下象棋。My brother doesn’t like playing chess.

3. 状语从句的翻译

如果我明天下午有空的话，我会和你去看电影。I’ll go with you to the cinema tomorrow afternoon if I’m free.

4. 宾语从句的翻译

你能告诉我“中国城”在哪儿吗？Could you tell me where China Town is?

5. 祈使句的翻译

不要把你的电子邮件地址告诉他们。Don’t tell them your e-mail address.

5. 翻译句子综合练习

1.不必担心。我会尽快赶回去。Don’t worry. I’ll go back as soon as possible.