211翻译硕士英语试题11
暨南大学211翻译硕士英语2011--2020年考研专业课真题试卷
2020年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（B卷）********************************************************************* **********学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业研究方向：英语笔译考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语考试科目代码：211考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. Rescue teams from all over the world ______ on the earthquake-stricken area after the news spread that the quake had claimed a toll of 15000 lives.A. diversifiedB. disseminatedC. convergedD. accelerated2. Without Bob’s testimony, evidence of bribery is lacking and ______ in the case will be impossible.A. verdictB. sentenceC. convictionD. acquittal3. The two countries have developed a ______ relation and increased a great deal in foreign trade.A. managerialB. lethalC. metricD. cordial4.Any person who is in ______ while awaiting trial is considered innocent until he has bee n declared guilty.A. jeopardyB. custodyC. suspicionD. probation5. The snow_____ my plan to visit my aunt in the countryside.A. confusedB. bewilderedC. conversedD. hampered6. It is imperative that students _____ their term papers on timeA. hand inB. would hand inC. have to hand inD. handed in7. He is not under arrest, ______ any restriction on him.A. or the police have placedB. or have the police placedC. nor the police have placedD. nor have the police placed8. Mary is _______ than Alice.A. more experienced a teacherB. a more experienced teacherC. more an experienced teacherD. more experienced teacher9. The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness ______ by his lack of talent.A. so much asB. rather thanC. asD. than10. Please don’t ______ too much on the painful memories. Everything will be all right.A. hesitateB. lingerC. retainD. dwell11. Participants in the Shanghai Co-operation Forum ______ regional teamwork topromote investment and economic development.A. cursedB. echoedC. bouncedD. hailed12.The 1982 Oil and Gas Act gives power to permit the disposal of assets held by the Corporation, and ______ the Corporation's statutory monopoly in the supply of gas for fuel purposes so as to permit private companies to compete in this supply.A. defersB. curtailsC. triggersD. sparks13. The slogan "What goes up must come down" was so universally accepted by economists that it was considered a(n)______A. conjectureB. axiomC. fadD. testimonial14. After four years in the same job his enthusiasm finally ______.A. deterioratedB. dispersedC. dissipatedD. drained15. He has ________ strange hobbies like collecting bottle tops and inventing secret codes.A. gone onB. gone in forC. gone withD. gone through with16. In 1791 RC, one of the wealthiest plantation owners in Virginia, stunned his family, friends, and neighbors by filing a deed of emancipation, setting free the more than 500 slaves who were legally ___________ his property.A. consideredB. considered asC. considered to beD. considered for17. While some propose to combat widespread illegal copying of computer programs by attempting to change people’s attitudes toward pirating, others suggest reducing software prices to ____________ for pirating, and still others are calling for the prosecution of those who copy software illegally.A. increase the incentiveB. increase the punishmentC. decrease the incentiveD. increase the punishment18. The federal government subsidized bank loans to mass production builders of suburbs everywhere in the country on condition that those builders ________ no homes to African-Americans.A. soldB. sellC. have soldD. had sold19. A recent study of ancient clay deposits has provided new evidence __________ the theory that global forest fires ignited by a meteorite impact _________ to the extinction of the dinosaurs and many other creatures some 65million years ago.A. to support ...... contributedB. supporting ...... contributedC. to support ...... contributingD. supporting ...... contributing20. According to his own account, Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi, the sculptor of the Statue of Liberty, modeled the face of the statue _________ his mother and the body_________his wife.A. for that of ...... for that ofB. for that on ...... for that onC. after that on ...... after that onD. after that of ...... after that of21. A huge flying reptile that died out with the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago, theQuetzalcoatlus had a wingspan of 36 feet, ________ to have been the largest flying creature the world has ever seen.A. what is believedB. that is believedC. which is believedD. and it is believed22. Because new small businesses are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to ______ in the same way____ to establish big businesses.A. it ...... ΦB. it ......asC. them ...... asD. them ...... Φ23. Neanderthals had a vocal tract resembling an ape’s ____________ probably without language, a shortcoming that may explain why they were supplanted by our own species.A. and so wereB. and such wasC. and so wasD. and such were24. He had lived his life thus far as a sort of ________ obedient pet - first to his mother and father, then to his wife. Whit had always done what others had wanted him to do, not what he wanted.A. atrociousB. baroqueC. affableD. arrogant25. In the 1960s, even as liberal thinkers like Martin Luther King Jr. ________ a minimum income for moral reasons, conservatives like Richard Nixon considered it on practical grounds.A. censuredB. championedC. conceitedD. confronted26. The stimulator was proven to be effective but not _______: It could reduce tension and pain, improve mood, and marginally boost memory.A. mischievousB. miraculousC. momentousD. minatory27. The word “race” conjures biology, a set of inheritable --- and ________ --- physical characteristics. But it's actually a cultural and social category, not a biological one, which is why it changes over time.A. changeableB. impeccableC. immutableD. impenetrable28. With his _______ yet gracious manner, Jon had helped them find a good neighborhood for their family, introduced them to his banker, and even explained some of the odd American colloquialisms they couldn't understand, as they all laughed together over well-aged bottles of his favorite Bordeaux.A. grandioseB. gullibleC. grotesqueD. gregarious29. Virtue is useful in every country, in every time, in all peoples; wherever one finds humans, virtue is _________ because no one fails to sense its usefulnessA. eternalB. estimableC. etherealD. exquisite30. Two of his grandchildren implore him to _________ another journey. The city where they live is threatened by a plague.A. embark onB. embark forC. embark atD. embark ofII. Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: This part consists of six passages followed by a total of 30 multiple-choice questions and 5 short-answer questions. Read the passages and write your answers onthe Answer Sheet.Passage 1The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history, one of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again. This urge is understandable and noble: thousands have lost virtually all their retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens again may not be possible, because the sudden impoverishment of those Enron workers represents something even larger than it seems. It’s the latest turn in the unwinding of one of the most audacious promise of the 20th century.The promise was assured economic security －even comfort － for essentially everyone in the developed world. With the explosion of wealth, that began in the 19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to dream before. The fear at the center of daily living since caveman days－ lack of food warmth, shelter－ would at last lose its power to terrify. That remarkable promise became reality in many ways. Governments created welfare systems for anyone in need and separate programmes for the elderly (Social Security in the U.S.). Labour unions promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees. Giant corporations came into being and offered the possibility －in some cases the promise－ of lifetime employment plus guaranteed pensions. The cumulative effect was a fundamental change in how millions of people approached life itself, a reversal of attitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history. For millennia the average person’s stance toward providing for himself had been “Ultimately I’m on my own”. Now it became “ultimately I’ll be taken care of”.The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the 1980s. U.S. business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring massively, with huge Layoffs. The trend accelerated in the 1990s as the bastions of corporate welfare faced reality. IBM ended its no-layoff policy. AT&T fired thousands, many of whom found such a thing simply incomprehensible, and a few of whom killed themselves. The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were also in decline. Labour-union membership and power fell to their lowest levels in decades. President Clinton signed a historic bill scaling back welfare. Americans realized that Social Security won’t provide social security for any of us.A less visible but equally significant trend affected pensions. To make costs easier to control, companies moved away from defined benefit pension plans, which obligate them to pay out specified amounts years in the future, to define contribution plans, which specify only how much goes into the play today. The most common type of defined-contribution plan is the 401(k). The significance of the 401(k) is that it puts most of the responsibility for a person’s economic fate back on the employee. Within limits the employee must decide how much goes into the plan each year and how it getsinvested－the two factors that will determine how much it’s worth when the employee retires.Which brings us back to Enron? Those billions of dollars in vaporized retirement savings went in employees’ 401(k) accounts. That is, the employees chose how much money to put into those accounts and then chose how to invest it. Enron matched a certainproportion of each employee’s 401(k) contribution with company stock, so everyone was going to end up with some Enron in his or her portfolio; but that could be regarded as a freebie, since nothing compels a company to match employee contributions at all. At least two special features complicate the Enron case. First, some shareholders charge top management with illegally covering up the company’s problems, prompting investors to hang on when they should have sold. Second, Enron’s 401(k) accounts were locked while the company changed plan administrators in October, when the stock was falling, so employees could not have closed their accounts if they wanted to.But by far the largest cause of this human tragedy is that thousands of employees were heavily overweighed in Enron stock. Many had placed 100% of their 401(k) assets in the stock rather than in the 18 other investment options they were offered. Of course that wasn’t prudent, but it’s what some of them did.The Enron employees’ retirement disaster is part of the larger trend away from guaranteed economic security. That’s why preventing such a thing from ever happening again may be impossible. The huge attitudinal shift to “I’ll-be-taken-care-of” took at least a generation. The shift back may take just as long. It won’t be complete until a new generation of employees see assured economic comfort as a 20th- century quirk, and understand not just intellectually but in their bones that, like most people in most times and places, they’re on their own.31. Why does the author say at the beginning “The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history…”?A. Because the company has gone bankrupt.B. Because such events would never happen again.C. Because many Enron workers lost jobs.D. Because it signifies a turning point in economic security.32. According to the passage, the combined efforts by governments, layout unions and big corporations to guarantee economic comfort have led to a significant change inA. people’s outlook on life.B. people’s life styles.C. people’s living standardD. people’s social values.33. Garanttee on economic security declined in 1980-1990 because ________.A. the corporate laid off large number of employeesB. the government cut in welfare spendingC. the economic restructuring occurred as American lost its competitiveness globallyD. the power of labors unions declined34. Thousands of employees chose Enron to invest mainly becauseA. The 401(k) made them responsible for their own future.B. Enron offered to add company stock to their investment.C. their employers intended to cut back on pension spending.D. Enron’s offer was similar to a defined-benefit plan.35. Which is NOT seen as a lesson drawn from the Enron disaster?A. 401(k) assets should be placed in more than one investment option.B. Employees have to take up responsibilities for themselves.C. Such events could happen again as it is not easy to change people’s mind.D. Economic security won’t be taken for granted by future36. What has made economic security possible and change people’s attitude towards life in 19th century?Passage 2The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an “Aha” experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.37. The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2？ A. They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis. B. They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers. C. They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.D. They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.38. According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to A. Speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem. B. Identify a problem. C. Bring together disparate facts.D. Stipulate clear goals.39. It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis？ A. Manager X analyzes first and then acts；Manager Y does not. B. Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis； Manager Y does not. C. Manager X takes action first and then explains later in solving a problem；Manager Y does not. D. Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to aproblem； Manager X does not.40. The text provides support for which of the following statements？A. Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.B. Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.C. Managers’ intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.D. Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.41. What is the author’s attitude towards using institution in management?A. It is arbitrary and irrational.B. It deters the effective implementation of the work.C. It improves the efficiency of the work.D. It is better than analyzing the issue thoroughly first and then acting.42. Why does the author say “thinking is inseparable from acting in the intuitive style of executive management”?Passage 3Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory ofevolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language.Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense.Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles ("feedback") are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person's facial expression can influence that person's emotional state. Consider Darwin's words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions." Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger?Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal, which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses.) The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it. Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by "crow's feet" wrinkles around the eyes and a subtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings.Ekman's observation may be relevant to the British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as are commendation for handling stress. It might be that a "stiff" lip suppresses emotional response-as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotionthat leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.43. The word despondent in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.A. curiousB. depressedC. thoughtfulD. aggressive44. The author mentions "Baring the teeth in a hostile way" in order to________.A. differentiate different meanings of a particular facial expressionB. support Darwin's theory of evolutionC. provide an example of a facial expression whose meaning is widely understoodD. contrast a facial expression that is easily understood with other facial expressions45. Which of the following statement CAN NOT prove the universality of facial expressions?A. People use the same facial expressions when smiling.B. People from other cultures can easily recognize the facial expressions with similarmeaning.C. Some expressions are more intense in one culture than in the other.D. People have similar response to the same story.46. According to paragraph 2, which of the following was true of the Fore people of New Guinea?A. They were confused at the emotion shown in photographs.B. They were famous for their story-telling skills.C. They knew very little about Western culture.D. They did not encourage the expression of emotions.47. According to the passage, what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that were not expressed?A. They would become less intense.B. They would last longer than usual.C. They would cause problems later.D. They would become more negative.48. Explain “The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, of all outward signs softens our emotions."” based on “facial-feedback hypothesis”.Passage 4No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is her first duty to follow her intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead. Truth gains more even by the errors of one who with due study and preparation, thinks for himself, than by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think. No that it is solely, of chiefly, to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking is required. One the contrary, it is as much or even more indispensable to enable average human beings to attain the mental stature which they are capable of. There have been and many again be great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people. Where any of heterodox speculation was for a time suspended, where there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed: where the discussion of the greatestquestions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up fro9m its foundation and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.She who knows only her own side of the case knows little of that. Her reasons may be food, and no one may have been able to refute them. But if she is equally unable to refute the reasons of the opposite side; if she does not so much as know what they are, she has no ground for preferring either opinion. The rational position for her would be suspension of judgment, and unless she contents herself with that, she is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world the side to which she feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that she should heat the arguments of adversaries from her own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations.That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with her own mind. She must be able to hear them form persons who actually believe them; who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. She must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form; she must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she will never really possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated persons are in this condition; even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know; they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently from them and considered what such persons may have to say; and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess.49. The best title for this passage is ___________A. The Age of ReasonB. The Need for Independent ThinkingC. The Value of ReasonD. Stirring People’s Minds50. According to the author, it is always advisable to ___________ A. have opinions which cannot be refuted. B. adopt the point of view to which one feels the most inclination. C. be acquainted with the arguments favoring the point of view with which one disagrees, D. suspend heterodox speculation in favor of doctrinaire approaches.51. According to the author, in a great period such as the Renaissance we may expect to find _______A. acceptance of truthB. controversy over principlesC. inordinate enthusiasmD. a dread of heterodox speculation52. According to the author, the person who holds orthodox beliefs without examination may be described in all of the following ways EXCEPT as ___________A. enslaved by traditionB. less than fully rationalC. determined on controversyD. having a closed mind。
翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试-11_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试-11(总分90, 做题时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ VocabularyAChoose the word or phrase that can be used to replace the underlined part in each sentence.1.I was stunned by her request for a letter of recommendation given our superficial knowledge of one another.• A. thinking that• C. with the preoccupation of• B. considering the fact of• D. as a result of deep contemplation ofSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:B分析句子可知此处given用作介词，表示原因(考虑到)，因而选择选项B。
2.Chang'e was supposed to position all of its instruments to face the moon on November 18, a posture facilitating its probing work.• A. precising• B. assisting• C. producing• D. twistingSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:Bfacilitate推动，帮助。
assist帮助，援助。
precise精确的。
produce生产，制造。
twist扭曲，拧。
3.The Supreme Court issued a unanimous decision in this case.• A. disguised• B. resounding• C. partially agreed• D. well agreedA B C D分值: 1答案:Dunanimous意见一致的，无异议的。
西南大学外国语学院《211翻译硕士英语》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解
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his indecent behavior one day.
A. answer to
B. answer for
C. answer back
D. answer about
【答案】B
【解析】句意：有一天，他将会对他不得体的行为负责。answer for... 对……负责。answer to适应，符合。answer back 应答，回复。answer
13．The multinational corporation was making a take-over
for a
property company.
A. application
B. bid
C. proposal
D. suggestion
【答案】C
【解析】句意：这个跨国公司正在做兼并一个房地产公司的提案。
12．The head of the museum was ancient manuscripts.
and let us actually examine the
A. promising
B. agreeing
C. pleasing
D. obliging
【答案】D
【解析】句意：博物馆的负责人是热心的，还让我们真正检查古代的图 稿。obliging助人为乐的，与人方便的，体贴的。promising有前途的。 agree同意。agreeable和蔼可亲的，令人愉快的。pleasing令人愉快的。 因此，本题的正确答案为D。
事。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
17．His expenditure on holidays and luxuries is rather high in income.
to his
浙江工商大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题2011-2020含7套答案解析
2011年浙江工商大学211翻译硕士英语真题参考答案Ⅰ. V ocabulary and Structure (每小题0.5分，共30分) (60 minutes)Directions: There are 60 sentences in this part. Complete them by choosing the best from the four alternatives. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. Her interest in redecorating the big house kept her _____ for a whole week.A. constrainedB. dominatedC. restrictedD. occupied【答案】D【解析】句意：她热衷于重新装饰这所大房子，为此她整整忙活了一周。
occupy使忙碌。
constrain限制；束缚。
dominate控制；支配。
restrict限制。
2. The manager gave her his ____ that her complaint would be investigated.A. assuranceB. assumptionC. sanctionD. insurance【答案】A【解析】句意：经理向她保证，她的投诉会被调查。
assurance保证，担保。
assumption假定；设想。
sanction制裁。
insurance保险。
3. The course normally attracts 20 students per year, _____ up to half will be from overseas.A. in whichB. for whomC. with whichD. of whom【答案】D【解析】句意：那门课程每学年通常会吸引二十名学生选修，他们中有一半是留学生。
上海交大《211翻译硕士英语》配套考研真题集
上海交大《211翻译硕士英语》配套考研真题集1 真题解析：题1. _____ the passage of light, many new plastics are processed using technologies rivaling those used in the manufacture of computer chips.A. For the better ofB. Permitting betterC. To better permitD. It is better for【答案】C~~~~【解析】不定式短语做目的状语。
better应放于所修饰的动词之前。
题2. Unloved and unwanted youngsters may be tempted to run away from home to escape their problem, _____ bigger ones in cities plagued with crime, drugs, and immorality.A. have only foundB. only findingC. only foundD. only to find【答案】D~~~~【解析】only to表示“出人意料的结果”。
题3. Danis Hayes raised the essential paradox and asked how people could have fought so hard against environmental degradation, _____ themselves now on the verge of losing the war.A. only foundB. finding onlyC. only to findD. have only found【答案】C~~~~【解析】only to find不定式作结果状语，表示结果出人意料。
211翻译硕士英语试题11
河南科技大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目代码：211 考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语（如无特殊注明，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，否则以“0”分计算）Part ⅠGrammar and Vocabulary (30%)A. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence (20%).1. ____ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.2. ____ for a long time, theC. There having been no rainD. There being no rain3. The millions of calculations involved, ____ by hand, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.A. had they been doneB. they had been doneC. having been doneD. they were done4. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact momentgC. which they happenD. when they have happenedA. to leaveB. leavingC. to have leftD. leave6. As the train will not leave until one hour later,8. Betty advised mA. Concerning C. In terms of D10. A well written composition ____ good choice of words and clear organization among other11. It is ____ with the customer not to let the shop assistants guess what she really likes and wants until13. George was introduced to ____ activities at a young age, when she was hire to act as a lookout for drug dealers.14. An institution that properly carries the name university is a more comprehensive and complex institution tA. settlementB. establishmentC. constructionD. structure16. JacA. strengthB. directionC. traditionD. tre18. Outside my office window there is a fire ____20. The electricA. pauseB. breakC. interruptionD. breakdownB. Put a word in each blank that is appropriate for the context (10%).Ah, daydreaming. Is 1 anything more pleasant than sitting back and letting your thoughts drift? Well, yes: 2 letting your thoughts drift, for one. Because according to a study published in the journal Science, people are least happy when their minds wander. [M. Killings and Daniel Gilbert, A Wandering Mind Is an Unhappy Mind]Humans, to a degree unmatched by other 3 , are capable of thinking about things outside the here and now— 4 that happened yesterday, or something they hope will happen tomorrow. It’s that sort of itinerant intellect 5 allows us to plan and to learn. But at what cost?Psychologists at Harvard used an iPhone app to find out. 6 random times throughout the day, the program asked some 2,200 participants what they were doing, what they were thinking about and 7 they felt. It turns out that people spend nearly half their waking hours thinking about something other than what they’re doing. And8 whether and where their thoughts tend to 9 is a better predictor of their feelings than what they’re actually up to. The scientists conclude that a wandering mind is an unhappy mind.10 try to focus on, and live in, the present. You might discover that happiness is just being where it’s happening.Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (40%)A.Read the following passages and answer the questions by choosing A, B, C, or D (20%)1.Bragging about your fancy new cell phone is a fleeting pleasure; after all, today's coolest modelsmeasured in years. So if you really want to be ahead of the tech curve, forget the cell-phone wars and check out the new 5.8-GHz cordless phones.Named after the frequency of the radio wave (measured in billions of cycles per second) that carries the signal between the handset and the base station, 5.8-GHz phones promise more clarity because there are fewer devices that operate on the same frequency and thus fewer to cause interference. If you have a cordless phone that is a couple of years old or even a new one that costs less than $50, chances are it is a 900-MHz model that is highly susceptible to static or buzzing from baby monitors, wireless speaker systems and your neighbors' 900-MHz phones. The newer 2.4-GHz units, introduced as an improvement over the 900-MHz models, do get less static, but wireless home networks and microwave ovens can still trigger a snap-crackle-pop effect. Not so the 5.8 GHz. So far, only a few companies sell the new models, and they don't come cheap. Uniden's TRU5865 costs $149, while the Vtech 5831 is $179. I preferred the Uniden because it was static free both inside my apartment and up to a block away. Its compact design hides the antenna inside the handset, and the glowing orange keys and display look sharp. The Vtech got equally clear reception indoors, but I could stray only a few buildings down the block before buzzing set in.But is it really worth an extra $100 (or more) to step up to 5.8 GHz? Maybe, when I tried out the Panasonic KX-TC1481B, a $39 900-MHz model, I could hear other conversations and even music coming through the phone. I got much clearer reception with the Motorola MA351, a $60 2.4-GHz model--except when I turned on my microwave oven and was assaulted by weird vibrating noises coming through the handset. Still, the Motorola is a decent option at a fair price.No matter which kind of phone you're considering, a few other factors are worth keeping in mind. First, ask about battery life. While I liked the reception best on the Uniden, for example, it can go only four hours between charges vs. eight on the Vtech.Next, find out if the phone is analog or digital. Both 5.8-MHz phones are digital, but that's not always the case with the models that use other frequencies, and this makes them an easier target for eavesdroppers. The best digitals use digital spread-spectrum (DDS) technology, which sends the signal down a broad range of frequencies to ensure that it gets through.Finally, shop at a store that offers a money-back guarantee. That way you can torture test the phone for a few days. Then, once you're certain everything's O.K., go ahead and start bragging about it to all your friends.1. How does the author introduce the topic?A. Explaining a phenomenonB. Justifying an assumption.C. Posing a contrastD. Making a comparison.2. Which of the following can be an advantage of Vtech over Uniden?A. A longer battery lifeB. Free of static interference.C. Fashionable outlookD. Compact design.3. The expression “susceptible to” (Line 5, Paragraph 2) most probably means __________.A. relevant withB. adaptable toC. immune fromD. sensitive to4. What is the most distinctive feature of5.8-GHz phones?A. Fairer priceB. Higher clarityC. More attractive modelD. No easier target for eavesdroppers.5. Which of the following is true according to the text?A. It is worthwhile to buy any of 5.8-GHz phones.B. Battery life determines your selection of the phone.C. The earlier you bought the phone, the more static interference you got.D. 5.8-GHz phones are becoming popular with consumers.2As colleges and universities send another wave of graduates out into the world this spring, thousands of other job seekers with liberal-arts degrees like Martin's find themselves in a similar bind. True enough, this is an era of record-breaking lows in unemployment. But technology companies, which are contributing the lion's share of new jobs, are simultaneously declaring a shortage of qualified workers. The emphasis is on the word qualified.It's no surprise that high-tech companies rarely hire liberal-arts graduates. "Our people, our marketers, even our attorneys have technical talent," says Tracy Koon, director of corporate affairs at Intel. The need for technical expertise is so pervasive that even retailers are demanding such skills. "Company-wide, we're looking for students with specific information-systems skills," says David McDearmon, director of field human resources at Dollar Tree Stores. "Typically we shy away from independent-college students who don't have them."Fortunately for Martin, some invaluable help was at hand when he needed it. The Virginia Foundation for Independent Colleges, a network of 15 liberal-arts colleges in the state, has teamed up with local companies to bridge the learning gap faced by its members' graduates. VFIC invited 30 companies, including First Union and Electronic Data Systems, to link the needs of businesses with the skills being taught in college classrooms. With grants from corporate sponsors like AT&T, VFIC asked 20 information-technology managers to help its members create an exam, based on the work students will be expected to do in the real world, to test and certify their technological proficiency.The result, Tek-Xam, is an eight-part test that requires students to design a website, build and analyze spreadsheets, research problems on the Internet and demonstrate understanding of legal and ethical issues. Says Linda Dalch, president of VFIC: "If an art-history major wants a job at a bank, he needs to prove he has the skills. That's where this credential can help." This year 245 students at VFIC's member colleges have gone through the program. The long-term hope is that Tek-Xam will win the same kind of acceptance as the LSAT or CPA for law or accounting students. "To know a student has taken the initiative and passed could mean that less training is needed," explains John Rudin, chief information officer at Reynolds Metals, one of the corporations that helped create the test.All this begs an important question: Has the traditional liberal-arts curriculum become obsolete? College presidents naturally argue that the skills their schools provide are invaluable. A B.A. degree, says Mary Brown Bullock of Atlanta's Agnes Scott College, "gives graduates the ability to reinvent themselves time and time again...and the knowledge and thinking skills that transcend a particular discipline or time frame."Martin is finding that to be the truth. "It would be nice to have computer classes on my transcript,"he says, but Tek-Xam has armed him with the power to learn those skills on his own--and a credential to show he has done so. He's now waiting to hear when his job as a network-support assistant for a large Boston firm will start.6. The main problem many liberal-arts students face in job seeking is ____________.A. too much competition in job marketB. their lack of technical expertiseC. company’s discrimination against liberal-arts studentsD. the recording-breaking unemployment rate7. It can be inferred from the text that _____________.A. in the modern era, technical talent means everything in securing a jobB. independent colleges are not giving their students proper educationC. retailers are following the fashion only to promote salesD. there is a big demand for students with technical skills8. Tek-Xam is designed to _____________.A. offer VFIC members’ graduates more job opportunitiesB. compete with LSAT and CPAC. help students cope with real world problemsD. test students’ technical skills9. We can draw a conclusion from the text that ____________.A. liberal arts education still proves valuable to studentsB.Tek-Xam is gaining wide acceptance among employers and students alikeC. technology companies are eager to promote Tek-XamD. computer classes will be excluded from the curriculum of liberal-arts students10. From the text we can see that the writer seems____________.A. positiveB. suspiciousC. pessimisticD. disapprovingB. Read the following passage and decide whether the statements are TRUE, FALSE, or NOT GIVEN (10%).3There's a dimmer switch inside the sun that causes its brightness to rise and fall on timescales of around 100,000 years - exactly the same period as between ice ages on Earth. So says a physicist who has created a computer model of our star's core.Robert Ehrlich of George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, modelled the effect of temperature fluctuations in the sun's interior. According to the standard view, the temperature of the sun's core is held constant by the opposing pressures of gravity and nuclear fusion. However, Ehrlich believed that slight variations should be possible.He took as his starting point the work of Attila Grandpierre of the Konkoly Observatory of theHungarian Academy of Sciences. In 2005, Grandpierre and a collaborator, Gábor Aacute calculated that magnetic fields in the sun's core could produce small instabilities in the solar plasma. These instabilities would induce localised oscillations in temperature.Ehrlich's model shows that whilst most of these oscillations cancel each other out, some reinforce one another and become long-lived temperature variations. The favoured frequencies allow the sun's core temperature to oscillate around its average temperature of 13.6 million kelvin in cycles lasting either 100,000 or 41,000 years. Ehrlich says that random interactions within the sun's magnetic field could flip the fluctuations from one cycle length to the other.These two timescales are instantly recognisable to anyone familiar with Earth's ice ages: for the past million years, ice ages have occurred roughly every 100,000 years. Before that, they occurred roughly every 41,000 years.Most scientists believe that the ice ages are the result of subtle changes in Earth's orbit, known as the Milankovitch cycles. One such cycle describes the way Earth's orbit gradually changes shape from a circle to a slight ellipse and back again roughly every 100,000 years. The theory says this alters the amount of solar radiation that Earth receives, triggering the ice ages. However, a persistent problem with this theory has been its inability to explain why the ice ages changed frequency a million years ago."In Milankovitch, there is certainly no good idea why the frequency should change from one to another," says Neil Edwards, a climatologist at the Open University in Milton Keynes, UK. Nor is the transition problem the only one the Milankovitch theory faces. Ehrlich and other critics claim that the temperature variations caused by Milankovitch cycles are simply not big enough to drive ice ages.However, Edwards believes the small changes in solar heating produced by Milankovitch cycles are then amplified by feedback mechanisms on Earth. For example, if sea ice begins to form because of a slight cooling, carbon dioxide that would otherwise have found its way into the atmosphere as part of the carbon cycle is locked into the ice. That weakens the greenhouse effect and Earth grows even colder.According to Edwards, there is no lack of such mechanisms. "If you add their effects together, there is more than enough feedback to make Milankovitch work," he says. "The problem now is identifying which mechanisms are at work." This is why scientists like Edwards are not yet ready to give up on the current theory. "Milankovitch cycles give us ice ages roughly when we observe them to happen. We can calculate where we are in the cycle and compare it with observation," he says. "I can't see any way of testing [Ehrlich's] idea to see where we are in the temperature oscillation."Ehrlich concedes this. "If there is a way to test this theory on the sun, I can't think of one that is practical," he says. That's because variation over 41,000 to 100,000 years is too gradual to be observed. However, there may be a way to test it in other stars: red dwarfs. Their cores are much smaller than that of the sun, and so Ehrlich believes that the oscillation periods could be short enough to be observed. He has yet to calculate the precise period or the extent of variation in brightness to be expected.Nigel Weiss, a solar physicist at the University of Cambridge, is far from convinced. He describes Ehrlich's claims as "utterly implausible". Ehrlich counters that Weiss's opinion is based on the standard solar model, which fails to take into account the magnetic instabilities that cause the temperature fluctuations.11. The ice ages changed frequency from 100,000 to 41,000 years a million years ago.12. The sole problem that the Milankovitch theory cannot solve is to explain why the ice age frequency should shift from one to another.13. Carbon dioxide can be locked artificially into sea ice to eliminate the greenhouse effect.14. Some scientists are not ready to give up the Milankovitch theory though they haven't figured out which mechanisms amplify the changes in solar heating.15. Both Edwards and Ehrlich believe that there is no practical way to test when the solar temperature oscillation begins and when ends.C. Choose the sentences marked A to E to complete the following passage (10%).________16______.The survey, conducted by the Pew Internet and American Life Project, showed that blog readership has shot up by 58% in the last year._______17________. Despite the explosive growth, more than 60% of online Americans have still never heard of blogs, the survey found._______18_______. Companies such as Google and Microsoft provide users with the tools to publish their own blogs.Reading blogs remains far more popular than writing them, the survey found. Only 7% of the 120 million US adults who use the internet had created a blog or web-based diary. _________19________. Just under one in 10 of the US's internet users read political blogs such as the Daily Kos or Instapundit during the US presidential campaign. Kerry voters were slightly more likely to read them than Bush voters.Blog creators were likely to be young, well-educated, net-savvy males with good incomes and college educations, the survey found. ________20________.A. Getting involved is becoming more popular though, with 12% saying they had posted material or comments on other people's blogs.B. Blogs, or web logs, are online spaces in which people can publish their thoughts, opinions or spread news events in their own words.C. This was also true of the average blog reader, although the survey found there was a greater than average growth in blog readership among women and those in minorities.D. Americans are becoming avid blog readers, with 32 million getting hooked in 2004, according to new research.E. Some of this growth is attributable to political blogs written and read during the US presidential campaign.Part Ⅲ Writing (30%)Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic.What Difference Does Having Money Make to You?。
2011年北京第二外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题解析
2011年北京第二外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题During the first many decades of this nation’s existence,the United States was a wide-open, dynamic country with a rapidly expanding economy.It was also a country that tolerated a large amount of cruelty and pain—poor people living in misery,workers suffering from exploitation. Over the years,Americans decided they wanted a little more safety and security.This is what happens as nations grow wealthier;they use money to buy civilization.Occasionally,our ancestors found themselves in a sweet spot.They could pass legislation that brought security but without a cost to vitality.But adults know that this situation is rare.In the real world,there’s usually a trade-off.The unregulated market wants to direct capital to the productive and the young.Welfare policies usually direct resources to the vulnerable and the elderly.Most social welfare legislation,even successful legislation,siphons money from the former to the latter. Early in this health care reform process,many of us thought we were in that magical sweet spot. We could extend coverage to the uninsured but also improve the system overall to lower costs. That is,we thought it would be possible to reduce the suffering of the vulnerable while simultaneously squeezing money out of the wasteful system and freeing it up for more productive uses.That’s what the management gurus call a win-win.It hasn’t worked out that way.The bills before Congress would almost certainly ease the anxiety of the uninsured,those who watch with terror as their child or spouse grows ill,who face bankruptcy and ruin.And the bills would probably do it without damaging the care the rest of us receive.In every place where reforms have been tried—from Massachusetts to Switzerland—people come to cherish their new benefits.The new plans become politically untouchable.But,alas,there would be trade-offs.Instead of reducing costs,the bills in Congress would probably raise them.They would mean that more of the nation’s wealth would be siphoned off from productive uses and shifted into a still wasteful health care system.The authors of these bills have tried to foster efficiencies.The Senate bill would initiate several interesting experiments designed to make the system more effective—giving doctors incentives to collaborate,rewarding hospitals that provide quality care at lower cost.It’s possible that some of these experiments will bloom into potent systemic reforms.But the general view among independent health care economists is that these changes will not fundamentally bend the cost curve.The system after reform will look as it does today,only bigger and more expensive.As Jeffrey S.Flier,dean of the Harvard Medical School,wrote in The Wall Street Journal last week,“In discussions with dozens of health-care leaders and economists,I find near unanimity of opinion that,whatever its shape,the final legislation that will emerge from Congress will markedly accelerate national health-care spending rather than restrain it.”Rather than pushing all of the new costs onto future generations,as past governments have done, the Democrats have admirably agreed to raise taxes.Over the next generation,the tax increases in the various bills could funnel trillions of dollars from the general economy into the medical system.Moreover,the current estimates almost certainly understate the share of the nation’s wealth thatwill have to be shifted.In these bills,the present Congress pledges that future Congresses will impose painful measures to cut Medicare payments and impose efficiencies.Future Congresses rarely live up to these pledges.Somebody screams“Rationing!”and there is a bipartisan rush to kill even the most tepid cost-saving measure.After all,if the current Congress,with pride of authorship,couldn’t reduce costs,why should we expect that future Congresses will?The bottom line is that we face a brutal choice.Reform would make us a more decent society,but also a less vibrant one.It would ease the anxiety of millions at the cost of future growth.It would heal a wound in the social fabric while piling another expensive and untouchable promise on top of the many such promises we’ve already made.America would be a less youthful,ragged and unforgiving nation,and a more middle-aged,civilized and sedate one.We all have to decide what we want at this moment in history,vitality or security.We can debate this or that provision,but where we come down will depend on that moral preference.Don’t get stupefied by technical details.This debate is about values.阅读理解Obama Loses a RoundPublished:November24,2009While the jury is still out on what President Obama’s China visit has achieved for the long term, the president has most decidedly lost the war of symbolism in his first close encounter with China. In status-conscious China,symbolism and protocol play a role that is larger than life.U.S. diplomatic blunders could reinforce Beijing’s mindset that blatant information control works,and that a rising China can trump universal values of open,accountable government.During Mr.Obama’s visit,the Chinese outmaneuvered the Americans in all public events,from the disastrous town hall meeting in Shanghai to the stunted press conference in Beijing.In characteristic manner,the Chinese tried to shut out the public,while the U.S.unwittingly cooperated.The final image of President Obama in China that circulated around the world is telling:A lone man walking up the steep slope of the Great Wall.The picture is in stark contrast to those of other U.S.presidents who had their photographs taken at the Great Wall surrounded by flag-waving children or admiring citizens.Maybe Mr.Obama wanted a quiet moment for himself before returning home.But a president’s first visit to the wall is a ritual that needs to be properly framed. Mr.Obama could have waited until the next visit,when he could bring the first lady and the children.Instead,he went ahead by himself to pay tribute to China’s ancient culture.In return,the Chinese offered nothing,no popular receptions,not even the companionship of a senior Chinese leader.The trouble for the U.S.started at the town hall meeting two days earlier—a more scripted event than those organized with students for earlier U.S.presidents.There was no real dialogue,as a programmed audience,most of them Communist League Youth members,asked coached questions.The Chinese also rejected the U.S.request for live national coverage and defaulted on a promise to live-stream the meeting at ,the online version of China’s state-owned news agency.Mr. Obama scored a point when he managed to address the issue of Internet freedom after the U.S. ambassador,Jon Huntsman,fielded him the question from a Chinese netizen submitted online.Meanwhile,Chinese officials garnered from the meeting generous quotes from Mr.Obama affirming China’s achievements and America’s expressions of good will,which were turned into glowing headlines for the Chinese media.In this round of the propaganda skirmish,the U.S. scored one point while China reaped a handful.Mr.Obama was similarly shut out from addressing the public in Beijing.At the Beijing press conference,President Hu Jintao and President Obama read prepared statements and would not take questions from reporters.“This was an historic meeting between the two leaders,and journalists should have had the opportunity to ask questions,to probe beyond the statements,”protested Scott McDonald,the president of China’s Foreign Correspondents Club,but to no avail. In a final dash to break through the information blockade,the Obama team offered an exclusive interview to Southern Weekend,China’s most feisty newspaper,based in Guangzhou.Once again, journalists’questions were programmed and the paper censored.In protest,the paper prominently displayed vast white spaces on the first and second page of the edition that carried the interview. Propaganda officials are investigating this act of defiance.Only the Obama team knows for sure how they allowed themselves to be outmaneuvered. Unwittingly,the U.S.helped to produce a package of faux public events.Pundits argued that the visitors were not supposed to impose the“American way”on China and that America needs to respect Chinese practices.The argument is both patronizing and condescending.Increasingly,the Chinese public has been clamoring for greater official transparency and accountability,while the Chinese government has been making progress on these fronts.No one in his right mind would ask Mr.Obama to lecture Beijing on human rights.But the Chinese public deserves better accounting,no less than Americans citizens.To their credit,U.S.officials did try to get their message out online.But it was the Chinese bloggers who were most active in challenging official information control.They at least fought the good fight with growing confidence,a fight the Americans seem unable to wage effectively.Ying Chan is director of the Journalism and Media Studies Center at The University of Hong Kong.。
2011年聊城大学翻译硕士211真题
聊城大学2011 年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题Ⅰ. Vocabulary and Grammar (30')Multiple ChoiceDirections: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.1. The victory __________ the soldiers with optimism.A. approachedB. infusedC. influencedD. brought2. The ____ of the Titanic in 1912 was caused by a huge iceberg.A. plungingB. drowningC. sinkingD. descending3. Tomorrow the new priest will give his first _____ to the congregation.A. speechB. sermonC. lectureD. discourse4. She has ______ influence with the manager.A. consideringB. considerableC. considerateD. consideration5. Dark clouds are gathering in the sky, and a storm is ______ .A. imminentB. immediateC. eminentD. instantaneous6. H1N1 influenza usually has a ______ period of about 2 to 7 days.A. tacitB. covertC. inertD. latent7. These flowers need watering: otherwise, they will _____ .A. disappearB. witherC. flourishD. blossom8. The Dead Sea is ____ of any plant or animal life because of the extremely high content of salts.A. devoidB. minusC. absentD. empty9. The article that you need is in the May 2009 ____ of Reader's Digest.A. journalB. periodicalC. publicationD. issue10. I think my friends are spending the weekend with their _____ families.A. respectiveB. respectableC. respectedD. respectful11. Johnson wished that he _____ last year.A. had accompanied his father to EuropeB. accompanied his father to EuropeC. would have accompanied his father to EuropeD. should have accompanied his father to Europe12. These reasons make ________ for the children to receive higher education.A. it is necessary,B. necessaryC. that necessaryD. it necessary13. One's success is determined ______ by what he thinks as by what he does.A. not so muchB. so not muchC. so much notD. much not so14. ______ have made life easier and more convenient is widely accepted.A. What computersB. Where computersC. That computersD. Computers15. The girl knows nobody in the city _____ him.A. other thanB. another thanC. different fromD. similar with16. Imagism. ______ movement in the early 20th century Anglo-American poetry, was a reaction to Victorian sentimentalism.A. was aB. that aC. aD. that was a17. Thomas Paine wrote during the American Revolution a series of articles, ______ was to inspire the American troops to continue their battle for independence from England.A. whose purposeB. its purposeC. the purposeD. purpose18. Living in modem society, people should be ________ stress.A. able of handlingB. able to banditC. capable to handleD. enable to handle19. It is required that the project ________ before 2012.A. is completedB. be completedC. to be completedD. will be completed20. Susan did not band in her assignment this morning because she had forgotten _______ .A. bringing it with herB. to bringing it with herC. about bringing it with herD. to bring it with herⅡ. Reading Comprehension (40')Section 1 Multiple Choice (20')Directions: In this section there are 2 reading passages followed by multiple-choice, questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.Passage AOur love affair with sugar—and also with salt, another crucial but not airways available part of the diet—goes back millions of years. But humanity's appetite for animal fat and protein is probably more recent. It was some 2.5 million years ago that our hominid ancestors developed a taste for meat. The fossil record shows that the human brain became markedly bigger and more complex about the same time. And indeed, according to Katherine Milton, an anthropologist at the University of California, Berkeley. "The incorporation of animal matter into the diet played an absolutely essential role in human evolution."For starters, meat provided a concentrated source of protein, vitamins, minerals and fatty acids that helped our human ancestors grow taller. The first humans were the size of small chimps, but the bones of a Homo crgaster boy dating back about 1.5 million years suggest that he could have stood more than 6 ft. as an adult. Besides building our bodies, says Emory University's Dr. S. Boyd Eaton, the fatty acids found in animal-based foods would have served as a powerful raw material for the growth of human brains.Because it's so packed with nutrients, meat gave early humans a respite from constant feeding.like lions and tigers, they didn't have to cat around the clock just to keep going. But more important, unlike the big cats, which rely mostly on strength and speed to bring down dinner, our ancestors depended on guile, organization and the social and technological skills made possible by their increasingly complex brains. Those who were smartest about hunting—and about gathering the plant foods they ate as part of their omnivorous diets—tended to be better fed and healthier than the competition. They were thus more likely to pass along their genes.The new appetite for meat didn't mean we lost our passion for sweets, though. As Berkeley's Milton points out, the brain's growth may have been facilitated by abundant animal protein, but the brain operates on glucose, the sugar that serves as the major fuel for cellular function. "The brain drinks glucose 24 hours a day," she says. The sugars in fruit and the carbohydrates in edible grains and tubers are particularly good sources of glucose.The appetite for meat and sweets were essential to human survival but they didn't lead to obesity for several reasons. For one thing, the wild game our ancestors ate was high in protein but very low in fat—only about 4%. compared with up to 36% in grain-fed supermarket beef. For another, our ancestors couldn't count on a steady supply of any particular food. Hunters might bring down a deer or a rabbit or nothing at all. Fruit might be in season, or it might not. A chunk of honeycomb might have as many calories as half a dozen Krispy Kreme doughnuts, but you might be able to get it once a year at best— and it wouldn't have the fat.Beyond that. hunting and gathering took enormous physical work. Chasing wild animals with spears and clubs was a marathon undertaking—and then you had to hack up the catch and lug it miles back to camp. Climbing trees to find nuts and fruit was hard work too. In essence, early humans ate what amounted to the best of the high-protein Atkins diet and the low-fat Ornish diet, and worked out almost nonstop. To get a sense of their endurance, cardiovascular fitness, musculature and body fat, say evolutionary anthropologists, look at a modern marathon runner.1. Which of the following first appeared as a staple part of human diet?A. meatB. sugarC. proteinD. fat2. The word "hominid" in Line 3, Paragraph 1 means _______ .A. intelligentB. primitiveC. ableD. flexible3. After meat became part of our ancestors' diet, _______ .A. their bodies and brains were both improvedB. they no longer needed sweetsC. they began to eat around the clock just to keep goingD. they could depend mostly on strength and speed to obtain food4. The major physical characteristics of early humans can be found in a modern ________ .A. scientistB. marathon runnerC. childD. man5. According to the passage, the appetite for sweets and meat did not lead to obesity of our ancestors because all of the following EXCEPT _____ .A. the meat they ate was high in protein but low in fatB. they tried to lose weightC. they did not have a steady supply of any particular foodD. they needed to do enormous physical workPassage B"There was a time when Americans thought they understood class. The upper crust vacationed in Europe and worshiped an Episcopal God. The middle class drove Ford Fairlanes, settled the San Fernando Valley and enlisted as company men. The working class belonged to the A.F.I.-C.I.O.. votedDemocratic and did not take cruises to the Caribbean.Today, the country has gone a long way toward an appearance of classlessness. Americans of all sorts are awash in luxuries that would have dazzled their grandparents. Social diversity has erased many of the old markers. It has become harder to read people's status in the clothes they wear, the cars they drive, the votes they cast, the god they worship, the color of their skin. The contours of class have blurred: some say they have disappeared.But class is still a powerful force in American life. Over the past three decades, it has come to play a greater, not lesser, role in important ways At a time when education matters more than ever success in school remains linked tightly to class At a time when the country is increasingly integrated racially, the rich are isolating themselves more and more. At a time of extraordinary advances in medicine, class differences in health and lifespan are wide and appear to be widening.And new research on mobility, the movement of families up and down the economic ladder, shows there is far less of it than economists once thought and less than most people believe. In fact, mobility, which once buoyed the working lives of Americans as it rose in the decades after World War Ⅱ. has lately flattened out or possibly even declined, many researchers say.Mobility is the promise that lies at the heart of the American dream. It is supposed to take the sting out of the widening gulf between the have-mores and the have-nots. There are poor and rich in the United States. of course, the argument goes: but as long as one can become the other, as long as there is something close to equality of opportunity, the differences between them do not add up to class barriers.However, the trends are broad and seemingly contradictory: the blurring of the landscape of class and the simultaneous hardening of certain class lines: the rise in standards of living while most people remain moored in their relative places.Even as mobility seems to have stagnated, the ranks of the elite are opening. Today, anyone may have a shot at becoming a United States Supreme Court justice or a C.E,O,. and there are more and more self-made billionaires. Only 37 members of last year's Forbes 400. a list of the richest Americans. inherited their wealth, down from almost 200 in the mid-1980's.So it appears that while it is easier for a few high achievers to scale the summits of wealth, for many others it has become harder to move up from one economic class to another. Americans are arguably more likely than they were 30 years ago to and up in the class into which they were born.A paradox lies at the heart of this new American meritocracy. Merit has replaced the old system of inherited privilege, in which parents to the manner befit handed down the manor to their children. But merit, it turns out. is at least partly class-based Parents with money, education and connections cultivate in their children the habits that the meritocracy rewards. When their children then succeed, their success is see11 as earned.The scramble to scoop up a house in the best school district, channel a child into the right preschool program or land the Best medical specialist are all part of a quiet contest among social groups that the affluent and educated are winning in a rout."The old system of hereditary barriers and clubby barriers has pretty much vanished." said Eric Wanner, president of the Russell Sage Foundation. a social science research group in New York City that recently published a series of studies o the soc al effects of economic inequality.In place of the old system. Dr. Wannor said. have arisen "new ways of transmitting advantage that are beginning to assert themselves."6. Which of the following leaves an impression on people that class distinctions are disappearing in America?A. Americans of all sorts are enjoying luxuries.B. Children of the wealthy families tend to be more successful in schools.C. The rich receive better medical treatmentD. The rich have a longer life span.7. According to the passage, which of the following statements is incorrect?A. Americans once thought that they understood what class meant.B. America has become a classless country.C. Class differences in some fields are widening.D. Class is now playing a greater role in American society than before.8. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about the American dream?A. Mobility is a core tenet of the American dream.B. Americans are more likely than before to end up in the class into which they were born.C. It has become more difficult for most people to realize the American dream.D. Americans have given up their American dream.9. What does the word "contradictory" in Line 1. Paragraph 6 mean?A. conflictingB. complementaryC. cooperativeD. harmonious10. What is the correct expression about the American meritocracy?A. Advancement is not based on individual ability or achievementB. Merit is class-based to some extent in America.C. It fails to make those excellent people succeed.D. Only the rich can benefit from the system.Section 2 Answering questions (20')Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions whieh follow each passage, Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer on your answer sheet.Questions 1～3He sleeps the day away, and is irritable when he's awake. She's moody and mopes around. He eats everything or almost nothing. She hides in her room. shunning even the simplest chores. Does this sound like a teenager you know?Neuroscientists suspect the adolescent brain is wired for emotional turbulence and retreat from the family. These tendencies may help teenagers separate from their parents and reach out to peers, But those same tendencies can make it hard to tell when the work of growing up is turning into a depression that deserves treatment Roughly one out of 12 teens suffers significant depression beforethe age of 18. Girls. once they reach puberty, are twice as likely as boys to become depressed. Approximately half of the teenagers with untreated depression may attempt suicide, which remains the third leading cause of death in this age group.Important differences separate the growing pains of adolescence from depression. A painful breakup, a rejection by peers, a bad grade or a humiliating disagreement with an adult may cause unhappiness or frustration for a few days. Depression dominates lift for weeks or months, and may appear for no known reason Depressed kids—who may be biologically more vulnerable than others to environmental stress—feel almost constantly miserable and enjoy very little. But depression isn't always expressed as sadness, The teen may be irritable, or complain of headaches or stomach pains instead of describing a bad mood. Energy, sleep and appetite may suffer. Some depressed kids function poorly at school or withdraw from friends and family. And while it is normal for adolescents to think about mortality and the meaning of life, it's not normal to be preoccupied with death or to seriously contemplate suicide.Antidepressants are neither panacea nor poison, but they do help many kids. The worries about these drugs are famous. Right after starting an antidepressant, some kids do become more anxious or restless, and a few may have an increase in suicidal thoughts. But depression itself carries greater risks. It is much more likely to cause suicide, and it can thwart healthy development. Any teen startinganti-depressant therapy should be seen regularly by the prescribing doctor, and the family should call immediately if the child gets worse instead of better.Medications are only part of good treatment, though. The measures that promote healthy adolescent growth also are helpful for depression. Moderate aerobic exercise relieved depressive symptoms in almost half of young adults in one recent study. Good sleeping and eating habits, while sometimes a tough sell to adolescents, can also improve mood. Psychotherapy can help teens figure out what makes them feel helpless or sell-critical and develop strategies to put things right. And when adolescents latch on to an activity they value that also helps others, their mood improves, and so does their sense of self. Imaging studies confirm that altruistic behavior lights up the brain's reward areas.The future may bring better antidepressants, along with better tools for identifying whichmedications are best suited to which child. But it's already possible for teens to learn to sustain relationships, to turn back thoughts that spur depression and to contribute to causes larger than themselves. By supporting them in these quests, we can ease the transition out of childhood, and help them build more fulfilling lives as adults.1. What common symptoms does depression have and what serious consequences can it lead to?2. What measures are helpful for depression?3. What can be expected of the future in the treatment of depression?Questions 4～5QUNU, South Africa (AP)—Nelson Mandela sat beaming in a yellow armchair, his legs propped up on a large stool arid covered with a pale yellow blanket. Ten grandchildren crowded around to serenade him with "Happy Birthday" and then smothered him with hugs and kisses.The anti-apartheid icon celebrated his 90th birthday Friday with his family at his home in rural southeastern South Africa and the whole village turned out.Elders in traditional dress came to pay their respects, sheep were trucked into the property and a troupe of bare-breasted young women sang and danced in preparation for Mandela's lunch with 500 dignitaries Saturday.He still found time to settle down to read a pile of newspapers, to keep up with local and international affairs.Sounding and looking vigorous, Mandela told a small group of reporters he was fortunate to have reached 90. crediting his "behavior" for his longevity.But the man who has become a symbol of peace remains troubled by the demoralizing poverty still faced by so many of his countrymen."If you are poor, you are not likely to live long," he said.His message was simple—the wealthy must do more."There are many people in South Africa who are rich and who can share those riches with those not so fortunate. who have not been able to conquer poverty," Mandela said during the 10-minuteinterview, his first such exchange with journalists in years.He was asked if he wished he could have had more time with his family during a life spent fighting apartheid and then leading South Africa as its lirst black president."I am sure for many people that is their wish," Mandela said. "I also have that wish that I spent more time (with my famly). But I don't regret it."His third wife. Graea Machel whom he married 10 years ago on his birthday, said in a TV interview that he was a lonely, man despite his busy schedule as a leader when she met him a few years after he divorced Winnie Madikizela-Mandela in 1996. She told AI-Jazeera television she helped him reconnect with his family."If I could say in a very modest way. that's what I was able to give him back." Machel, a noted campaigner for children's rights, said in the interview broadcast Friday. "Tm happy that in his sunset years I was able to be there for him. And he is there for me."Mandela was imprisoned for nearly three decades for his fight against apartheid. He was released in 1990 to lead negotiations that ended decades of racist white rule. then was elected president in South Africa's first democratic elections in 1994.He completed his term in 1999 and did not run again, but has continued to take a leading role in the fight against poverty, illiteracy and AIDS in Africa.Tukwini Mandela, 33. one of Mandela's granddaughters, said Friday was "a special day because we are planning a huge party on Saturday and we are hoping he is going to enjoy it.""We have invited his oldest friends who have meant something to him and have made a difference in his life." she said.While not all Mandela's 18 grandchildren and six great-grandchildren were attending the celebrations, many were present Friday, creating a warm atmosphere in the house, decorated with animal skin mats and African prints on the walls.Wearing one of his signature patterned shirts in shades of green, gold and black, Mandela glanced pensively out a window at the start of his interview with The Associated Press and a few other news organizations."This is my property. When I am here, I feel I own something," he said of the homestead in the rural area 600 miles south of Johannesburg where as a boy he herded cattle in the hills.His grandchildren spoke of their pride in Mandela, the responsibility of bearing his name and the desire to protect the old man who could not be there when they were growing up."We are extremely proud of his achievements and the sacrifices he made," said Nandi Mandela, 40. "His humanity and his love for the people, especially children have made him into this world icon. We hive him dearly."She said birthdays have always been special occasions for her grandfather. She recalled how, without Pail, she would receive a greeting card from him in prison—even though he was only allowed to write a limited number of letters every month.Mandela's birthday is annual cause for celebration across South Africa and draws attention from his many local and international admirersTwo runners holding South African flags circled Robben Island. where Mandela spent most of his 27 years in jail. In Johannesburg. children celebrated with birthday cake at the offices of the foundation Mandela founded after stepping down as president in 1999. and his African National Congress party unfurled giant banners featuring his image at its downtown headquarters.Birthday messages have been pouring in. including one Friday from President Bush, who applauded Mandela as "a great example of courage, hope, and the power of freedom."Mandela at first planned a quiet affair at his home in the picturesque Xhosa homeland, with its rolling hills and turquoise huts. But there are now a variety of events planned in his honor in and around Qunu, including u soccer festival and a pop concert. The lunch Saturday will be attended by President Thabo Mbeki and veterans of the anti-apartheid struggle.An exhibition of letters that children wrote to Mandela and the late U.S. civil rights campaigner Rosa Parks will be displayed at the Nelson Mandela Museum. a short distance from his house."He is like a typical birthday boy." said Mdileka Mandela. 43. adding that he frequently checked to see who was on the guest list." He really wants to have the birthday here."Buntu I Iolomisa, a former leader of the Xhosa homeland and close family friend, has beenhelping oversee preparations for Saturday's event.The oxen were slaughtered according to traditional rituals and local women worked on a meal to be shared by local villagers, he said"For him (Mandela) the community is more important than the guests who he knows are going to be well looked after." Holomisa saidIt was clear Mandela is very important to the community Schoolgirls shouted birthday greetings from taxi windows as they drove past the house, little children dressed in rags sang outside the gate and people came and went throughout the day."Today is an important day for the family of Mandela." said Nokwanele Balizulu. chief of Qunu. "Mandela is our father. our grandfather who released from the apartheid government and who was prepared to die for us."4. What message was conveyed when Mandela said "if you are poor. you are not likely to live long"?5. Describe in your own words Mandela's major experiences according to the passageⅢ. Writing (30')Write a composition of about 400 words on the title "On Happiness".。
浙江工商大学翻译硕士英语考研真题试题2011、2012、2017—2019年
浙江工商大学2011年翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试试卷（B）卷招生专业：英语笔译、英语口译考试科目：211翻译硕士英语总分：100分考试时间：180分钟题号项目分值I Vocabulary and Structure 30分II Reading Comprehension 40分III Writing 30分（请在答题纸上答题，写在本试卷上无效！）I. Vocabulary and Structure (每小题0.5分，共30分)(60 minutes)Directions: There are 60 sentences in this part. Complete them by choosing the best from the four alternatives. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. Her interest in redecorating the big house kept her for a whole week.A. constrainedB. dominatedC. restrictedD. occupied2. The manager gave her his ____ that her complaint would be investigated.A. assuranceB. assumptionC. sanctionD. insurance3. The course normally attracts 20 students per year, up to half will be from overseas.A. in whichB. for whomC. with whichD. of whom4. Once you get to know your mistakes, you should ____ them as soon as possible.A. rectifyB. reclaimC. refrainD. reckon5. His remarks left me about his real purpose.A. wonderedB. wonderC. to wonderD. wondering6. He wouldn't answer the reporter's questions, nor would he ____ for a photograph.A. summonB. highlightC. poseD. marshal7. Although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still .A. blankB. hollowC. vacantD. bare8. If you don't ____ the children properly, they'll just run riot.A. mobilizeB. warrantC. manipulateD. supervise9. When people become unemployed, it is which is often worse than lack of wages.A. lazinessB. povertyC. idlenessD. inability10. A human's eyesight is not as ____ as that of an eagle.A. eccentricB. acuteC. sensibleD. sensitive11. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen comfortably.A. is wornB. wearsC.wearingD. are worn12. Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have someother ____ .A. drawbacksB. handicapsC. bruisesD. blunders13. We agreed to accept they thought was the best tourist guide.A. whateverB. whomeverC. whicheverD. whoever14. Military orders are ____ and can’t be disobeyed.A. defectiveB. conservativeC. alternativeD. imperative15. It is our policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.A. consistentB. continuousC. considerateD. continual16. Several guests were waiting in the ____ for the front door to open.A. porchB. ventC. inletD. entry17. Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful ____ it forcespeople to test the relative merits of their attitudes and behaviors.A. by whichB. to whichC. in thatD. so that18. The toy maker produces a ____ copy of the space station, exact in every detail.A. minimalB. minimumC. miniatureD. minor19. The director was critical the way we were doing the work.A. atB. inC. ofD. with20. They have decided to ____ physical punishment in all local schools.A. put awayB. break away fromC. do away withD. pass away21. In Britain people four million tons of potatoes every year.A. swallowB. disposeC. consumeD. exhaust22. All the ceremonies at the Olympic Games had a unique flavor, ____ of their multiculturalcommunities.A. noticeableB. indicativeC. conspicuousD. implicit23. I'd his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and thenmake a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.A. take into accountB. account forC. make up forD. make out24. I bought an alarm clock with a(n) ____ dial, which can be seen clearly in the dark.A. supersonicB. luminousC. audibleD. amplified25. A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. They are a thorough .A. nuisanceB. troubleC. worryD. anxiety26. She had recently left a job and had helped herself to copies of client data, which sheintended to ____ in starting her own business.A. dwell onB. come uponC. base onD. draw upon27. Some women a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not towork for the sake of the family.A. must makeB. should have madeC. would makeD. could have made28. Everything we eat and drink contains some salt; we can meet the body's need for it fromnatural sources without turning the salt bottle.A. toB. overC. onD. up29. Movie directors use music to the action on the screen.A. contaminateB. complimentC. contemplateD. complement30. He always did well at school having to do part-time jobs every now and then.A. in case ofB. in spite ofC. regardless ofD. on account of31. Some people think that a translation, or word-for-word translation, is easier than afree translation.。
(NEW)西南政法大学外语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解
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目 录2011年西南政法大学外语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2012年西南政法大学外语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年西南政法大学外语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2011年西南政法大学外语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Part 1 Vocabulary and Structure （每小题0.5分，共10分）Direction: For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D .You should choose the one that best fits into the sentence.l. Tom _____ his new job with confidence.A. set outB. set offC. set upD. set about【答案】D【解析】句意：汤姆满怀信心地投入新的工作。
本题考查的是短语辨析。
set about意为“开始；着手”，符合题意，故为正确答案。
set out意为“开始”；set off意为“（使）做某事”；set up意为“开业，开始经商”。
2．The truck driver was fined for exceeding the speed _____.A. rangeB. limitC. ruleD. regulation【答案】B【解析】句意：卡车司机因超速而被罚款。
本题考查的是词义辨析，limit意为“限制；界限”，符合题意，故为正确答案。
range意为“（知识、知觉、听觉等的）范围”；regulation意为“规定，规则”；rule和regulation是近义词，意为“规定，规章”。
3．The crippled Jack proudly walked with a _____ to the platform to join the children.A. jumpB. limpC. hopD. jog【答案】B【解析】句意：跛腿的杰克一瘸一拐地走上舞台，加入到孩子们中间去。
南开大学2011年MTI翻译硕士英语考研真题(完整版)
南开大学2011年翻译硕士英语考研真题试卷科目：211翻译硕士英语(专业学位)科目代码：211科目名称：翻译硕士英语专业领域：翻译硕士考生须知：答题必须使用黑(蓝)色墨水(圆珠)笔；不得在试题(草稿)纸上作答；凡未按规定作答均不予评阅、判分。
I. Vocabulary and Grammar(30 points，1 for each)Directions：There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part．For each sentence there are four choices marked A，B，C，and D．Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence．Then mark the Corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet．1．Professor Wu traveled and lectured throughout the country to education and professional skills so that women could enter the public world．A．prosecute B．acquire C．proclaim D．advocate2．Even if they are on sale，the refrigerators are equal in price to，if not more expensive thanat the other store．A．anyone B．the others C．the ones D．that3．Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro American poetry is his insistence that it in a religious，as well as worldly，flame of reference．A．is to be analyzed B．has been analyzedC．be analyzed D．should have been analyzed4．Because we had eaten turkey on Thanksgiving for so many years，we never wondered whether some other dish might be an equally tasty ．A．alternative B．altercation C．alteration D．allusion5．The basic theory of government rests on the assumption that men have naturallyinterests．A．competitive B．conflicting C．contentions D．combative6．Most substances contract when they freeze so that the density of substance’s solid is of its liquid．A．than the higher density B．higher than the densityC．the density is higher than that D．the higher the density7．The bank is reported in the local newspaper in broad daylight yesterday．A．to be robbed B．robbed C．to have been robbed D. having been robbed 8．The terrified hunter，in the arms of a huge bear，fought desperately to loosen its grip.A．clutched B．clasped C．grasped D．seized9．Too much to X-rays can cause skin bums，cancer or other damage to the body．A．disclosure B．exhibition C．contact D．exposure10．Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning butslightly in the afternoon．A．recovered B．restored C．regained D．retained11．Women’s central role in managing natural resources and protecting the environment has been overlooked more often than it has been ．A．acknowledged B．emphasized C．memorized D．associated12．The neighbors became suspicious when they noticed that his car was for twoweeks．A．stationary B．stationery C．immobile D．unmoved13．During World War II the Allies suffered a long of defeats before they finally achieved victory．A．suppression B．compulsion C．succession D．compression14．The silk that spiders for their webs has a stretching strength superior to moat flexible products made by people．A．spin B．split C．spray D．spoil15．The English language contains a(n) of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation．A．altitude B．latitude C．magnitude D. scope，16．Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he our chairman now．A．must have been B．would have been C．were D. would be17．The project requires more labor than because it is extremely difficult．A．has been put in B．have been put in C．being put in D. to be put in18．Joseph Was very lucky with his life；he almost did not get out of the room.A．to escape B. to have escaped C．to escaping D．to be escaping19．Henry forgot to bring his admission card with him he was allowed into the hall totake the examination．A．Moreover B．Certainly C．Consequently D．Nevertheless．20．The number of the people who cars increasing．A．owns，are B．owns，is C．own，is B．own，are21．Workers in this country ale getting higher wages while turning out poor products that do not the test of international competition．A．put up with B．stick with C．stand up to D．face away22．Several unpopular decisions the governor’s popularity．A．decayed B．diminished C．distorted D．dissolved23．Skilled technicians and advanced technologies enable us to build uncompromised quality into all our cars，because our first is bringing you pleasure for years to come．A．prestige B．benefit C. privilege D．priority24．A man’s is best when he can forget himself and any reputation he may have required and Can concentrate wholly on making the right decisions．A．anticipation B．acknowledgment C．expectation D．judgment25．Before the mechanic started work, I asked him to give an of the cost of repairing the roof of the car．A．assessment B．estimate C．announcement D．evaluation26．the English examination 1 would have gone to the concert last Sunday．A．In spite of B．But for C．Because of D．As for27．Gloves have been worn since prehistoric time for protection，for ornamentation，social status．A．and as an indication of B．for they indicate C．indicating D．to indicate and28．One study found that job applicants who make more eye contact are as more alert，dependable，confident and responsible．A．referred B．perceived C．recommended D．presumed29．The physical shape and coloring of many animals are the result of gradual to particular circumstances．A．modification B．variation C．application D．adaptation30．Over the centuries, various theories have been to explain the origin of alphabetic writing．A．advanced B．subjected C．released D．abandonedII．Reading Comprehension(40 points)Section One：Read and Make the Best Choice (20Points, 2 for each)Directions：There are two passages in this part．Each passage is followed by somag questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choicesmarked A，B，C and D．You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet．Passage OneBill Clinton wrestles with the complexities of his economic plan，a surprising trend that could ultimately make life a lot easier for the new president may be developing．A handful of analysts believe that technology is beginning to help improve productivity in the service sector．If they are right，middle-class living standards which have stagnated for the past 20 years could start to improve．The service sector gets little attention in most popular discussions of America’s economic problems．Manufacturing，where US workers go head-to-head with foreign competitors，is supposed to be the crucial area；services，which are mostly sheltered from international competition，are regarded as secondary at best．If anything，the growth of the service sector is seen as a symptom of our manufacturing decline，as steelworkers lose their high-paying jobs and become minimum-wage hamburger flippers．But serious analysts know that it is our performance in services not manufacturing that is the bigger economic problem．In fact，US manufacturing performed reasonably well during the 1980s，with productivity growing at 2.9％per year．That was almost as fast as manufacturing productivity grew during the“good years”in 1950s and 1960s，and it was faster than productivity growth in most other advanced countries．So why didn’t we feel better? Because near stagnation in service productivity-growth at only about 1.0％annually—held our living standard down．Dominant service sector．The truth is that modern America is primarily a service economy．Currently，70％of US workers are in the service sector，versus only 20％in manufacturing．If we could eliminate our persistent trade deficits in manufacturing，the prosperity would shih，but only slightly：A rough estimate is that completely eliminating our current trade deficit would raise the share of manufacturing in employment by only about 0.5％．In other word，like it or not，most Americans will work in the service sector for the foreseeable future．That means，in turn，that the productivity of the US work force as a whole depends mostly on the productivity of service workers．But it is really possible to raise service productivity? Some service jobs，like housecleaning and hair cutting，seem resistant to technological change at least until we learn to build robot maids and barbers．In the past，however，we have seen major improvements in service productivity．During the 1950s and 1960s，for example，a linked set of technological and social changes-widespread availability of private cars and home refrigerators，the growth of supermarkets and an improved road system—led to huge increases in retail productivity．An earlier era saw a surge in office productivity because of such revolutionary innovations as typewriters，carbon paper and vertical file cabinets．Indeed the most significant Americanbusiness Success story of the late 20th century may well be Wal-Mart，which has applied extensive computerization and home-grown version of Japan’s“just-in-time”inventory methods to revolutionize retailing．Analysts like Stephen Roach of Morgan Stanley now believe that additional productivity gains in the office are possible．Computers，it seems, are finally being used to eliminate paperwork：back offices are shrinking，and corporate hierarchies are getting flatter．If you squint，you can see these micro changes starting to show up in the macro numbers．We are now officially a year and a half into an economic recovery，yet unemployment remains stubbornly high．One of the reasons for this lingering joblessness is that productivity is rising faster than expected，primarily in the service sector．If America eventually returns to full employment．the total economy could be bigger and more productive．Technology investment is helping to fuel these changes．Preliminary data show that while overall investment in this recovery is weak by historical standards，computer-related investment is soaring．It looks as if the service sector has decided that it now really knows how to make information technology work．Like any radical change，the coming revolution in service productivity will have its victims．Skilled weavers were impoverished by the power loom，and small food stores were savaged by the rise of the supermarket．This time，it’s the middle managers who will lose．The past recession took an unprecedented toll of skilled，white-collar workers，and many of these jobs may never come back．But most of America could benefit from rising service productivity in the 1990s and that would be welcome news for Bill Clinton．1．The passage suggests that the new trend of the rising service productivity may ．A．turn out a great help to President Clinton with his policy makingB．turn out a serious trouble to President Clinton with his policy makingC．have nothing to do with Clinton’s decision makingD. initiate Clinton to make some reform policies in economy2．The development of technology in the service sector is largely beneficial to ．A．top wealthy people B．average peopleC．middle managers D．skilled workers3．Which of the following statements illustrates that modern America is primarily a service economy? A．Service technology is developing fast.B．The demand of modern people for various services promotes the development of a service economy. C．The significance of manufacturing to the national economy has declined.D．High employment mainly depends on the development of the service industry．4．The author appreciates the development of manufacturing in the 1980s for the following reasons EXCEPT that ．A．US manufacturing productivity developed at a comparatively high speed in historyB．the US manufacturing industry is rather competent in the worldC．the growth speed of the US manufacturing industry is among the highest in the worldD．the growth speed of the service sector is not as fast as the manufacturing industry5．At present investors like to venture their money in all of the following EXCEPT ．A．information technology B．manufacturing industriesC．the service industry D．computer related productsPassage TwoThe evolution of intelligence among early large mammals of the grasslands was due in great measure to the interaction between two ecologically synchronized groups of these animals，the hunting carnivores and theherbivores that they hunted．The interaction resulting from the differences between predator and prey led to a general improvement in brain functions；however，certain components of intelligence were improved far more than others．The kind of intelligence favored by the interplay of increasingly smarter catchers and increasingly keener escapers is defined by attention—that aspect of mind carrying consciousness forward from one moment to the next. It ranges from a passive，free floating awareness to a highly focused，active fixation．The range through these states is mediated by the arousal system，a network of tracts converging from sensory systems to integrating centers in the brain stem．From the more relaxed to the more vigorous levels sensitivity to novelty is increased．The organism is, more awake，more vigilant；this increased vigilance results in the apprehension of ever more subtle signals as the organism becomes more sensitive to its surroundings．The processes of arousal and concentration give attention to its direction．Arousal is at first general，with a flooding of impulses in the brain stem；then gradually the activation is channeled．Thus begins concentration，the holding of consistent images．One meaning of intelligence is the way in which these images and other alertly searched information are used in the context of previous experience．Consciousness links past attention to the present and permits the integration of details with perceived ends and purposes．The elements of intelligence and consciousness come together marvelously to produce different styles in predator and prey．Herbivores and carnivores develop different kinds of attention related to escaping or chasing．Although in both kinds of animal，arousal stimulates the production of adrenaline and norepinephrine by the adrenal glands，the effect in herbivores is primarily fear，whereas in carnivores the effect is primarily aggression．For both，arousal attunes the animal to what is ahead．Perhaps it does not experience forethought as we know it，but the animal does experience something like it．The predator is searchingly aggressive，inner-directed，tuned by the nervous system and the adrenal hormones，but aware in a sense closer to human consciousness than，say，a hungry lizard’s instinctive snap at a passing beetle．Using past events ills a framework the large mammal predator is working out a relationship between movement and food，sensitive to possibilities in cold trails and distant sounds-and yesterday’s unforgotten lessons．The herbivore prey is of a different mind．Its mood of wariness rather than searching and its attitude of general expectancy instead of anticipating are silk-thin veils of tranquility over an explosive endocrine system．1．The author is primarily concerned with ．A．disproving the view that herbivores are less intelligent than carnivoresB．establishing a direct link between early large mammals and their modern counterpartsC．describing a relationship between animals’intelligence and their ecological rolesD．analyzing the ecological basis for the dominance of some carnivores over other carnivores2．The author refers to a hungry lizard (para 4)primarily in order to ．A．demonstrate the similarity between the hunting。
专业硕士《211翻译硕士英语》考研暨南大学考研真题
专业硕士《211翻译硕士英语》考研暨南大学考研真题暨南大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer, on your Answer Sheet.1. Bureaucratic power has _____ upon the freedom of the individual.A. encroachedB. encapsulatedC. enchantedD. encompassed【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：官僚权力侵犯了个人的自由。
encroach侵犯。
encapsulate 压缩、概括。
enchant使迷惑。
encompass包含、围绕。
因此，本题的正确答案为A。
2. You risk _____ bank charges if you exceed your overdraft limit.A. recurringB. occurringC. incurringD. concurring【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：如果超出了透支限额，就有被银行加收费用的风险。
recur 再现。
occur发生、出现。
incur招致、蒙受。
concur同意。
因此，本题的正确答案为C。
3. If one thing or person is _______ with another, they are very different in important ways, and do not suit each other or agree with each other.A. inquisitiveB. incompatibleC. inconsiderateD. inappropriate【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：如果某物/人与另一物/人是不相容的，那么他们在很多重要的方面是有区别的，且无法彼此适应或达成统一意见。
211翻译硕士英语答案11
河南科技大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试试题答案及评分标准考试科目代码： 211 考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语Part ⅠGrammar and Vocabulary (30%)A.(20%).答案：1 D 2 C 3 A 4 B 5 A 6 C 7 D 8 D 9 C 10 A11 C 12 B 13 A 14 B 15 A 16 C 17 D 18 A 19 D 20 C评分标准：此部分为客观题。
共20分。
每小题1分。
B.(10%).答案：1 there 2 not 3 animals 4 something 5 that 6 At 7 how8 that9 stray/wander/drift 10 So评分标准：此部分为客观题。
共10分。
每小题1分。
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (40%)A.(20%)答案：1 C 2 A 3 D 4 B 5 C 6 B 7 D 8 D 9 A 10 A评分标准：此部分为客观题。
共20分。
每小题2分。
B.(10%).答案: 11 False 12 False 13 Not Given 14 True 15 True评分标准：此部分为客观题。
共10分。
每小题2分。
C. (10%).答案: 16 D 17 E 18 B 19 A 20 C评分标准：此部分为客观题。
共10分。
每小题2分。
Part Ⅲ Writing (30%)评分标准：此部分为主观题，共30分。
30-26分内容切题,完整,条理清楚,文章结构严谨,语法正确,语言通顺恰当,句式、用词富有变化,基本无语言错误.25-21分内容切题,完整,条理清楚,文章结构严谨,语法正确,语言通顺恰当,少量语法错误20-16分内容基本切题,完整, 条理基本清楚,文章结构基本严谨,语法基本正确,语言基本通顺恰当.少量严重错误,一些词使用不当.15-11分内容基本切题,完整,条理不够清楚,教明显的母语痕迹.较多语言错误,许多词使用不当.10-6分内容偏题,不完整,思路混乱,语句不完整,只有少数句子可以理解,词汇拼写错误严重.第1页（共1页）。
2011年中南大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2011年中南大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解I. Vocabulary and grammar (30')Multiple choice.Directions: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on the answer sheet.1. One of the essentials of freedom is free _____ to accurate information.A. entranceB. approachC. accessD. admission【答案】C【解析】句意：自由的一个要素就是有获取完整信息的权利。
access to（信息，工具等）使用权。
entrance to（地点）进入许可。
approach to路径；方式。
admission to进入……的许可。
因此，本题的正确答案为C。
2. The government has _____ wage ceilings.A. forcedB. imposedC. impressedD. compelled【答案】B【解析】句意：政府已经向最高工资征税了。
impose强加；征税。
force强迫；促使。
impress强征；加深印象。
compel强迫。
因此，本题的正确答案为B。
3. The two men were placed under _____ arrest.A. tightB. severeC. strictD. close【答案】D【解析】句意：这两个男人被秘密逮捕。
close arrest秘密逮捕，一般用于法律说法中。
tight紧的，密封的。
severe严重的。
2011年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2011年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Part Ⅰ. Vocabulary (30 points)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1. Testing new-model plane is a _____ job, but he decided to devote himself to it.A. promisingB. mysteriousC. beneficialD. hazardous【答案】D【解析】句意：测试新机型是一项危险的工作，但他还是决心投身其中。
hazardous危险的，冒险的。
promising有希望的，前途有望的。
mysterious神秘的，不可思议的。
beneficial 有益的，有帮助的。
2. They have _____ their names upon the pages of history.A. prescribedB. inscribedC. describedD. subscribed【答案】B【解析】句意：他们将自己的名字载入史册。
inscribe题写，题赠，铭刻于。
prescribe开处方；规定。
describe描述，形容。
subscribe订阅；捐赠；签名；同意。
3. Electronic toys and games, which came on the market in 1976, already _____ a more than half-billion-dollar business.A. consist ofB. compose ofC. compriseD. compromise【答案】C【解析】句意：电子玩具及电子游戏尽管在1976年才上市，其市场业务规模已超过5亿美元。
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河南科技大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目代码：211 考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语（如无特殊注明，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，否则以“0”分计算）Part ⅠGrammar and Vocabulary (30%)A. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence (20%).1. ____ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.2. ____ for a long time, theC. There having been no rainD. There being no rain3. The millions of calculations involved, ____ by hand, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.A. had they been doneB. they had been doneC. having been doneD. they were done4. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact momentgC. which they happenD. when they have happenedA. to leaveB. leavingC. to have leftD. leave6. As the train will not leave until one hour later,8. Betty advised mA. Concerning C. In terms of D10. A well written composition ____ good choice of words and clear organization among other11. It is ____ with the customer not to let the shop assistants guess what she really likes and wants until13. George was introduced to ____ activities at a young age, when she was hire to act as a lookout for drug dealers.14. An institution that properly carries the name university is a more comprehensive and complex institution tA. settlementB. establishmentC. constructionD. structure16. JacA. strengthB. directionC. traditionD. tre18. Outside my office window there is a fire ____20. The electricA. pauseB. breakC. interruptionD. breakdownB. Put a word in each blank that is appropriate for the context (10%).Ah, daydreaming. Is 1 anything more pleasant than sitting back and letting your thoughts drift? Well, yes: 2 letting your thoughts drift, for one. Because according to a study published in the journal Science, people are least happy when their minds wander. [M. Killings and Daniel Gilbert, A Wandering Mind Is an Unhappy Mind]Humans, to a degree unmatched by other 3 , are capable of thinking about things outside the here and now— 4 that happened yesterday, or something they hope will happen tomorrow. It’s that sort of itinerant intellect 5 allows us to plan and to learn. But at what cost?Psychologists at Harvard used an iPhone app to find out. 6 random times throughout the day, the program asked some 2,200 participants what they were doing, what they were thinking about and 7 they felt. It turns out that people spend nearly half their waking hours thinking about something other than what they’re doing. And8 whether and where their thoughts tend to 9 is a better predictor of their feelings than what they’re actually up to. The scientists conclude that a wandering mind is an unhappy mind.10 try to focus on, and live in, the present. You might discover that happiness is just being where it’s happening.Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (40%)A.Read the following passages and answer the questions by choosing A, B, C, or D (20%)1.Bragging about your fancy new cell phone is a fleeting pleasure; after all, today's coolest modelsmeasured in years. So if you really want to be ahead of the tech curve, forget the cell-phone wars and check out the new 5.8-GHz cordless phones.Named after the frequency of the radio wave (measured in billions of cycles per second) that carries the signal between the handset and the base station, 5.8-GHz phones promise more clarity because there are fewer devices that operate on the same frequency and thus fewer to cause interference. If you have a cordless phone that is a couple of years old or even a new one that costs less than $50, chances are it is a 900-MHz model that is highly susceptible to static or buzzing from baby monitors, wireless speaker systems and your neighbors' 900-MHz phones. The newer 2.4-GHz units, introduced as an improvement over the 900-MHz models, do get less static, but wireless home networks and microwave ovens can still trigger a snap-crackle-pop effect. Not so the 5.8 GHz. So far, only a few companies sell the new models, and they don't come cheap. Uniden's TRU5865 costs $149, while the Vtech 5831 is $179. I preferred the Uniden because it was static free both inside my apartment and up to a block away. Its compact design hides the antenna inside the handset, and the glowing orange keys and display look sharp. The Vtech got equally clear reception indoors, but I could stray only a few buildings down the block before buzzing set in.But is it really worth an extra $100 (or more) to step up to 5.8 GHz? Maybe, when I tried out the Panasonic KX-TC1481B, a $39 900-MHz model, I could hear other conversations and even music coming through the phone. I got much clearer reception with the Motorola MA351, a $60 2.4-GHz model--except when I turned on my microwave oven and was assaulted by weird vibrating noises coming through the handset. Still, the Motorola is a decent option at a fair price.No matter which kind of phone you're considering, a few other factors are worth keeping in mind. First, ask about battery life. While I liked the reception best on the Uniden, for example, it can go only four hours between charges vs. eight on the Vtech.Next, find out if the phone is analog or digital. Both 5.8-MHz phones are digital, but that's not always the case with the models that use other frequencies, and this makes them an easier target for eavesdroppers. The best digitals use digital spread-spectrum (DDS) technology, which sends the signal down a broad range of frequencies to ensure that it gets through.Finally, shop at a store that offers a money-back guarantee. That way you can torture test the phone for a few days. Then, once you're certain everything's O.K., go ahead and start bragging about it to all your friends.1. How does the author introduce the topic?A. Explaining a phenomenonB. Justifying an assumption.C. Posing a contrastD. Making a comparison.2. Which of the following can be an advantage of Vtech over Uniden?A. A longer battery lifeB. Free of static interference.C. Fashionable outlookD. Compact design.3. The expression “susceptible to” (Line 5, Paragraph 2) most probably means __________.A. relevant withB. adaptable toC. immune fromD. sensitive to4. What is the most distinctive feature of5.8-GHz phones?A. Fairer priceB. Higher clarityC. More attractive modelD. No easier target for eavesdroppers.5. Which of the following is true according to the text?A. It is worthwhile to buy any of 5.8-GHz phones.B. Battery life determines your selection of the phone.C. The earlier you bought the phone, the more static interference you got.D. 5.8-GHz phones are becoming popular with consumers.2As colleges and universities send another wave of graduates out into the world this spring, thousands of other job seekers with liberal-arts degrees like Martin's find themselves in a similar bind. True enough, this is an era of record-breaking lows in unemployment. But technology companies, which are contributing the lion's share of new jobs, are simultaneously declaring a shortage of qualified workers. The emphasis is on the word qualified.It's no surprise that high-tech companies rarely hire liberal-arts graduates. "Our people, our marketers, even our attorneys have technical talent," says Tracy Koon, director of corporate affairs at Intel. The need for technical expertise is so pervasive that even retailers are demanding such skills. "Company-wide, we're looking for students with specific information-systems skills," says David McDearmon, director of field human resources at Dollar Tree Stores. "Typically we shy away from independent-college students who don't have them."Fortunately for Martin, some invaluable help was at hand when he needed it. The Virginia Foundation for Independent Colleges, a network of 15 liberal-arts colleges in the state, has teamed up with local companies to bridge the learning gap faced by its members' graduates. VFIC invited 30 companies, including First Union and Electronic Data Systems, to link the needs of businesses with the skills being taught in college classrooms. With grants from corporate sponsors like AT&T, VFIC asked 20 information-technology managers to help its members create an exam, based on the work students will be expected to do in the real world, to test and certify their technological proficiency.The result, Tek-Xam, is an eight-part test that requires students to design a website, build and analyze spreadsheets, research problems on the Internet and demonstrate understanding of legal and ethical issues. Says Linda Dalch, president of VFIC: "If an art-history major wants a job at a bank, he needs to prove he has the skills. That's where this credential can help." This year 245 students at VFIC's member colleges have gone through the program. The long-term hope is that Tek-Xam will win the same kind of acceptance as the LSAT or CPA for law or accounting students. "To know a student has taken the initiative and passed could mean that less training is needed," explains John Rudin, chief information officer at Reynolds Metals, one of the corporations that helped create the test.All this begs an important question: Has the traditional liberal-arts curriculum become obsolete? College presidents naturally argue that the skills their schools provide are invaluable. A B.A. degree, says Mary Brown Bullock of Atlanta's Agnes Scott College, "gives graduates the ability to reinvent themselves time and time again...and the knowledge and thinking skills that transcend a particular discipline or time frame."Martin is finding that to be the truth. "It would be nice to have computer classes on my transcript,"he says, but Tek-Xam has armed him with the power to learn those skills on his own--and a credential to show he has done so. He's now waiting to hear when his job as a network-support assistant for a large Boston firm will start.6. The main problem many liberal-arts students face in job seeking is ____________.A. too much competition in job marketB. their lack of technical expertiseC. company’s discrimination against liberal-arts studentsD. the recording-breaking unemployment rate7. It can be inferred from the text that _____________.A. in the modern era, technical talent means everything in securing a jobB. independent colleges are not giving their students proper educationC. retailers are following the fashion only to promote salesD. there is a big demand for students with technical skills8. Tek-Xam is designed to _____________.A. offer VFIC members’ graduates more job opportunitiesB. compete with LSAT and CPAC. help students cope with real world problemsD. test students’ technical skills9. We can draw a conclusion from the text that ____________.A. liberal arts education still proves valuable to studentsB.Tek-Xam is gaining wide acceptance among employers and students alikeC. technology companies are eager to promote Tek-XamD. computer classes will be excluded from the curriculum of liberal-arts students10. From the text we can see that the writer seems____________.A. positiveB. suspiciousC. pessimisticD. disapprovingB. Read the following passage and decide whether the statements are TRUE, FALSE, or NOT GIVEN (10%).3There's a dimmer switch inside the sun that causes its brightness to rise and fall on timescales of around 100,000 years - exactly the same period as between ice ages on Earth. So says a physicist who has created a computer model of our star's core.Robert Ehrlich of George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, modelled the effect of temperature fluctuations in the sun's interior. According to the standard view, the temperature of the sun's core is held constant by the opposing pressures of gravity and nuclear fusion. However, Ehrlich believed that slight variations should be possible.He took as his starting point the work of Attila Grandpierre of the Konkoly Observatory of theHungarian Academy of Sciences. In 2005, Grandpierre and a collaborator, Gábor Aacute calculated that magnetic fields in the sun's core could produce small instabilities in the solar plasma. These instabilities would induce localised oscillations in temperature.Ehrlich's model shows that whilst most of these oscillations cancel each other out, some reinforce one another and become long-lived temperature variations. The favoured frequencies allow the sun's core temperature to oscillate around its average temperature of 13.6 million kelvin in cycles lasting either 100,000 or 41,000 years. Ehrlich says that random interactions within the sun's magnetic field could flip the fluctuations from one cycle length to the other.These two timescales are instantly recognisable to anyone familiar with Earth's ice ages: for the past million years, ice ages have occurred roughly every 100,000 years. Before that, they occurred roughly every 41,000 years.Most scientists believe that the ice ages are the result of subtle changes in Earth's orbit, known as the Milankovitch cycles. One such cycle describes the way Earth's orbit gradually changes shape from a circle to a slight ellipse and back again roughly every 100,000 years. The theory says this alters the amount of solar radiation that Earth receives, triggering the ice ages. However, a persistent problem with this theory has been its inability to explain why the ice ages changed frequency a million years ago."In Milankovitch, there is certainly no good idea why the frequency should change from one to another," says Neil Edwards, a climatologist at the Open University in Milton Keynes, UK. Nor is the transition problem the only one the Milankovitch theory faces. Ehrlich and other critics claim that the temperature variations caused by Milankovitch cycles are simply not big enough to drive ice ages.However, Edwards believes the small changes in solar heating produced by Milankovitch cycles are then amplified by feedback mechanisms on Earth. For example, if sea ice begins to form because of a slight cooling, carbon dioxide that would otherwise have found its way into the atmosphere as part of the carbon cycle is locked into the ice. That weakens the greenhouse effect and Earth grows even colder.According to Edwards, there is no lack of such mechanisms. "If you add their effects together, there is more than enough feedback to make Milankovitch work," he says. "The problem now is identifying which mechanisms are at work." This is why scientists like Edwards are not yet ready to give up on the current theory. "Milankovitch cycles give us ice ages roughly when we observe them to happen. We can calculate where we are in the cycle and compare it with observation," he says. "I can't see any way of testing [Ehrlich's] idea to see where we are in the temperature oscillation."Ehrlich concedes this. "If there is a way to test this theory on the sun, I can't think of one that is practical," he says. That's because variation over 41,000 to 100,000 years is too gradual to be observed. However, there may be a way to test it in other stars: red dwarfs. Their cores are much smaller than that of the sun, and so Ehrlich believes that the oscillation periods could be short enough to be observed. He has yet to calculate the precise period or the extent of variation in brightness to be expected.Nigel Weiss, a solar physicist at the University of Cambridge, is far from convinced. He describes Ehrlich's claims as "utterly implausible". Ehrlich counters that Weiss's opinion is based on the standard solar model, which fails to take into account the magnetic instabilities that cause the temperature fluctuations.11. The ice ages changed frequency from 100,000 to 41,000 years a million years ago.12. The sole problem that the Milankovitch theory cannot solve is to explain why the ice age frequency should shift from one to another.13. Carbon dioxide can be locked artificially into sea ice to eliminate the greenhouse effect.14. Some scientists are not ready to give up the Milankovitch theory though they haven't figured out which mechanisms amplify the changes in solar heating.15. Both Edwards and Ehrlich believe that there is no practical way to test when the solar temperature oscillation begins and when ends.C. Choose the sentences marked A to E to complete the following passage (10%).________16______.The survey, conducted by the Pew Internet and American Life Project, showed that blog readership has shot up by 58% in the last year._______17________. Despite the explosive growth, more than 60% of online Americans have still never heard of blogs, the survey found._______18_______. Companies such as Google and Microsoft provide users with the tools to publish their own blogs.Reading blogs remains far more popular than writing them, the survey found. Only 7% of the 120 million US adults who use the internet had created a blog or web-based diary. _________19________. Just under one in 10 of the US's internet users read political blogs such as the Daily Kos or Instapundit during the US presidential campaign. Kerry voters were slightly more likely to read them than Bush voters.Blog creators were likely to be young, well-educated, net-savvy males with good incomes and college educations, the survey found. ________20________.A. Getting involved is becoming more popular though, with 12% saying they had posted material or comments on other people's blogs.B. Blogs, or web logs, are online spaces in which people can publish their thoughts, opinions or spread news events in their own words.C. This was also true of the average blog reader, although the survey found there was a greater than average growth in blog readership among women and those in minorities.D. Americans are becoming avid blog readers, with 32 million getting hooked in 2004, according to new research.E. Some of this growth is attributable to political blogs written and read during the US presidential campaign.Part Ⅲ Writing (30%)Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic.What Difference Does Having Money Make to You?。