被动语态在一般现在时和一般过去时中的运用
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被动语态
一. 概念:表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语
态。
二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换
三. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比
时态主动语态被动语态
一般现在时
am / is / are + P.P.
(1)Do they speak French ?
(2)They don’t use the room .
Is French spoken by them ?
The room isn’t used by them .
一般过去时
was / were + p.p.
(1)The hunter killed a tiger .
(2)He wrote many stories last year .
A tiger was killed by the hunter .
Many stories were written by him last year .
四. 如何正确使用被动语态
1. 有些动词带有两个宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语,变被动语态时,可把其中一个宾语变成主
语,另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是:若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语,需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to”。
eg. He often tells us interesting stories . (主动语态)
The interesting stories are often told to us by him.(被动语态)
▲常带双宾语的词有:tell , show , lend , pass等。
2. 在主动语态中,某些动词之后带有复合宾语,即宾语和宾语补足语,这个复合宾语由动词不
定式来充当,to被省略,但在被动语态中,这个to还要还原。
eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . (主动语态)
She is often heard to sing this popular song .(被动语态)
▲有这种用法的常用动词有:make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice等。
3. 有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态,它们有可能是“系表结构(即系动词之后由过
去分词来充当表语)。”区别是被动语态强调动作,系表结构强调状态。
比较:(1)The shop is often closed at 6∶30 in the afternoon. (带,是被动语态)