中期考核试题

山东大学齐鲁医院泌尿外科中期考核试题

一．简答题：

1.简答膀胱破裂的处理原则？

2.上尿路结石保守治疗的指征是什么？

3.简述泌尿结核的诊断依据？

4.根据出血部位与血尿出现阶段的不同，肉眼血尿可分几种？其临床意义是什么？

5.简述肾盂肿瘤的手术切除范围？

二．病例分析：

男性患者，68岁，尿频、排尿困难5年，近期反复尿潴留，均经导尿缓解。查体：

一般状态可，心肺查体未见异常。下腹部略隆，叩诊浊音脐下5cm。辅助检查：尿

常规：WBC 10/HP，ECG正常，血肌酐正常，血糖正常。

（1）该患可能患有何病？

（2）需要做何种检查（包括查体、影像学检查）？

（3）该患目前应如何治疗？

三．英译汉：

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men, and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in US and Europe males. The tumor progression to CRPC stage is a complex process that may be involving both clonal selection and adaptive mechanisms in heterogeneous tumors composed of cells that respond differently to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).However, the mechanisms by which tumors acquire androgen independence remain unclear and need to be addressed before effective treatment strategies can be developed.ADT is commonly employed in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. But androgen deprivation therapy is not curative, so the lethal CRPC is inevitable. Signs of vascular degeneration, hypoxia, and metabolic stress in the prostate tumor tissue are exacerbated following surgical or medical castration . CRPC cells after ADT are able to survive the low oxygen and nutrient environment and emerge with a different phenotype. After a short remission period, the majority of prostate cancer becomes androgen-independent.