2018-2019学年上海市交大附中高三上英语摸底考试卷.(无答案)

2018-2019学年交大附中高三英语第一学期摸底考试卷

I. Listening Comprehension(略)

II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

(A)

Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts (21) our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants (22) (make) the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun (23) (screen) off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere, they areexposed to this radiation but their spacesuit or the walls of their spacecraft, (24) they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.

Radiation is (25) (great) known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called "rem". Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more than 0.1 rem without (26) (damage); the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is (27) it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage - a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered (28) the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and, during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo crew accumulated (积累) a large amount of rems. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply don't know yet (29) men are going to get on when they spent weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage (30) (do) by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found so far.

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(B)

Living Jewels

Before I went to the British Koi Keepers Annual Show, I didn’t understand (31) people could take fish so seriously. However, the more I learned about koi, the more interested became. As one expert told me, "Collecting koi is far more addictive than you might think. They’re as beautiful as butterflies and very calming to watch." Freddie Mercury, the lead singer of Queen, would have agreed the pool in his specially-built Japanese garden was home to 89 koi, (32) cost up to $10,000 each.

At the show I met koi enthusiast Jean Kelly. “Koi are getting more and more expensive,” she told me. “One recently sold for $250,000.” I was shocked that's almost as much as I paid for my house. Well, that was a record, (33) (admit) Jean. The normal price is nowhere near as high as that.

Nevertheless, serious collectors can pay up to $15,000 for a fully (34) (grow) koi, which is nearly as expensive as a new luxurious car, and the bigger they are, the more they cost. The cheapest I (35) find was $75 each, but they were only about twice as big as my goldfish.

Jean wasn’t impressed by one of the k oi on sale either. “Actually, these koi aren’t any nicer than (36) ,” she commented. “(37) they are slightly bigger than the ones I’ve got, I paid considerable less than this.”

I wasn’t quite as enthusiastic as Jean, but I did consider (38) (buy) one. Then I remembered that all but 5 of Freddie Mercury's koi died when someone accidentally turned off the electricity supply to their pool. Jean assured me that with all the new equipment available the survival rate was getting better and better, and that looking (39) koi was no harder than taking care of any other pet. However, in the end I decided to stick with my goldfish. They’re not nearly as beautiful as koi ——but they’re a great deal cheaper (40) (replace) !

Section B (10分)

Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

The Beatles sang that money can't buy you love. But what about happiness? Research (41)_____ shows that the more money people have, the more likely they are to report being satisfied with their lives.

And that makes sense: money buys you things that make life easier and more satisfying; the easier your life, the happier you tend to be. That relationship isn't entirely linear, since there's a(n) (42)_____ to how much wealth can please you; the happiness benefit of an increasing income is especially powerful among people who don't have much money to start with, and (43)_____ as wealth increases. But studies also reveal that as (44)_____ income levels have risen over time — in the U.S. and European nations, for example — residents of those countries have not reported being any happier than people were 30 or 40 years ago. It's a paradox that while income and happiness may be (45)_____ within a population at any given moment, overall economic growth does not appear to correspond to a boost in national satisfaction over time. (See a gallery of things money can buy.) To understand why, researchers at the University of Warwick and Cardiff University decided to break down how individual people evaluate their income. What does wealth mean to people? Previous work has suggested that people tend to value their own wealth more — and are happier — when it compares (46)_____ to everyone else's. The so-called reference-income hypothesis holds that it's not simply how much money you make that (47)_____ to

satisfaction, but how much more money you make than, say, the national average. The higher your salary than the norm, the happier you tend to be. That could explain in part why populations as a whole do not experience sunnier dispositions with economic growth, since a majority of individuals may not fall above the national income average.

But the reference-income hypothesis is rather (48)_____. The researchers wondered whether there was a more nuanced way to capture how people valued their income. They (49)_____ that people tend to make specific comparisons of personal wealth, not only with the average income of the larger population, but with the individual incomes of their neighbors, colleagues at work or friends from college. And the higher their rank, the greater their sense of happiness and self-worth would (50)_____ be. "For example, people might care about whether they are the second most highly paid person, or the eighth most highly paid person, in their comparison set," write the authors, Chris Boyce, a psychologist at the University of Warwick, and Simon Moore, a psychologist at Cardiff University.

III. Reading Comprehension (45 分）

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context.

The beauty, majesty, and timelessness of a primary rainforest are indescribable. It is impossible to (51)______ on film, to describe in words, or to explain to those who have never had the awe-inspiring experience of standing in the heart of a primary rainforest.

Rainforests have (52)______ over millions of years to turn into the incredibly complex environments they are today. Rainforests represent a store of living and (53)______ renewable natural resources that for eons, by virtue of their richness in both animal and plant species, have (54)______ a wealth of resources for the survival and well-being of humankind. These resources have included basic food supplies, clothing, shelter, fuel, spices, industrial raw materials, and medicine for all those who have lived in the majesty of the forest. (55)______, the inner dynamics of a tropical rainforest is an intricate and fragile system. Everything is so (56)______ that upsetting one part can lead to unknown damage or even destruction of the whole. Sadly, it has taken only a century of human intervention to destroy what nature designed to (57)______ forever.

The scale of human (58)______ on ecosystems everywhere has increased enormously in the last few decades. Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 percent. Consumption of everything on the planet has risen——at a cost to our (59)______. In 2001, The World Resources Institute estimated that the demand for rice, wheat, and corn is expected to grow by 40% by 2020, increasing irrigation water demands by 50% or more. They further reported that the demand for wood could double by the year 2050; (60)______, it is still the tropical forests of the world that supply the bulk of the world's demand for wood.

In 1950, about 15 percent of the Earth's land surface was covered by rainforest. Today, more than half has already gone up in (61)______. In fewer than fifty years, more than half of the world's tropical rainforests have fallen (62)______ to fire and the chain saw, and the rate of destruction is still accelerating. Unbelievably, more than

200,000 acres of rainforest are burned every day. That is more than 150 acres lost every minute of every day, and 78 million acres lost every year! More than 20 percent of the Amazon rainforest is already gone, and much more is severely threatened as the destruction continues. It is estimated that the Amazon alone is vanishing at a rate of 20,000 square miles a year. If nothing is done to curb this (63)______, the entire Amazon could well be gone within fifty years.

Massive (64)______ brings with it many ugly consequences-air and water pollution, soil erosion, malaria epidemics, the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and the (65)______ of biodiversity through extinction of plants and animals. Fewer rainforests mean less rain, less oxygen for us to breathe, and an increased threat from global warming.

51. A. present B. capture C. claim D. prove

52. A. changed B. evolved C. expanded D. existed

53. A. energizing B. healing C. isolating D. breathing

54. A. contributed B. stored C. reduced D. affected

55. A. However B. Furthermore C. Therefore D. Otherwise

56. A. active B. sensitive C. interdependent D. delicate

57. A. restore B. support C. revive D. last

58. A. pressure B. power C. concern D. strength

59. A. existence B. ecosystem C. planet D. survival

60. A. unfortunately B. consequently C. naturally D. similarly

61. A. store B. food C. smoke D. wealth

62. A. subject B. down C. apart D. victim

63. A. trend B. practice C. decrease D. attitude

64. A. destruction B. industrialization C. modernization D. deforestation

65. A. appearance B. explosion C. loss D. increase

Section B

Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

The definition of the standard kilogram is fundamentally imperfect. Getting the definition right is a challenge that has tried the patience and intelligence of scientists for decades.

Scientists use just seven basic units to define all the other quantities we use --- quantities such as speed, density, or electric power. All of those basic units except the kilogram are themselves defined in terms of natural properties that are beyond human control.

For example, the standard second (time) is defined as a specific number of vibration of a type of radiation released by atoms of a special metal. The standard meter (length), in turn, is defined as the length of the path light travels in a vacuum during a specific fraction of a second.

Not so the kilogram. This orphan of the basic unit family is simply the mass of a small platinum-iridium alloy cylinder (铂-铱合金筒) locked away by the international Bureau of Weighs & Measures in France.

Embarrassingly, the last time the copies were brought for a checkup in the 1980s, officials found that some copies had gained about 20 parts per billion in weight compared to the master cylinder since the previous checkup in the 1940s. This implies that the master cylinder itself may be an inconstant standard.

No one knows what causes the weight changes. But the uncertainty can’t be tolerated when precision(精密度) in research and some manufacturing now demands accuracy to a few parts per billion.

Several efforts in several different countries are under way to redefine the kilogram in terms of basic physical quantities such as counting the actual number of atoms of a specific substance in a kilogram or the electromagnetic force that balances a kilogram mass against gravity.

A project of the latter type at the NIST laboratories in Gaithersburg hopes eventually to define mass in terms of electrical units. So far, none of these redefinition projects has borne fruit. They require precision of measurement and control of experimental conditions. The slightest pollution, tiny vibrations, or other influences --- even changes in weather --- can ruin results. You’ve got to hand it to scientists who are willing to devote many years to such painstaking but fundamentally important research.

66. W hich of the following best paraphrases the sentence “Not so the kilogram.” In paragraph 4?

A.The kilogram is not as accurate as the standard second.

B.The kilogram is not universally accepted in the world.

C.The kilogram is not defined in terms of natural properties.

D.The kilogram is not well defined as time and length.

67.Which of the following can NOT be concluded from the passage?

A.Experiments are being carried out to redefine the kilogram.

B.The uncertainty in the standard kilogram can seriously affect some research.

C.The redefinition of the standard kilogram is quite complicated.

D.Scientists will achieve success in redefining the kilogram in the near future.

68.According to the passage, to define the weight of mass in terms of electrical units _______.

A.is one of the best methods to redefine the kilogram

B.has been accepted as the only possible redefinition project

C.is not as simple as what people can understand

D.has been considered by some scientists as a better approach

69.We can know from the passage that the redefinition of the kilogram is _________.

A.more important in keeping market honesty

B.worth years of scientists’ painstaking researc h

C.the urgent requirement of business and manufacturing.

D.bring about important and fruitful results

(B)

Stewart Island Ferry Services

While most visitors spend at least one night on Stewart Island, it is also readily accessible by ferry as a day excursion from Invercargill and Bluff.

Experience Foveaux Strait in comfort and style on board our express catamarans. During the one-hour crossing between Bluff and Stewart Island keep a lookout for wildlife, especially seabirds. Watching mollymawks (albatross) soaring behind the ferry is a fantastic sight.

Interesting landmarks commonly seen include Dog Island Lighthouse, Ruapuke Island, Titi Islands and Mt Anglem - Stewart Island’s highest point.

●Free tea and coffee on board

●Interpretation handouts are available (English only).

●Wheelchair access available

●Personal baggage is carried free on the ferries - max. two bags per person (one stowed and one

small carry-on). Additional baggage is by prior arrangement.

●Vehicle parking available at Bluff (extra cost - reservations recommended)

“20% Multi-Purchase REWARD” on Return Ferry Services

Buy 2 or more different excursions and SA VE 20% off all lower priced!

Kids Go FREE on selected departures during NZ School Holidays!

Kids Go FREE for travel 20 April - 5 May 2013.

70. If a traveler plans to leave a car at Bluff, he had better ________.

A. refer to the handouts first

B. use wheelchair access

C. make a reservation

D. park it 30 minutes before departure time

71. John, who went to Stewart Island on Dec. 28th, got to the ferry dock at 7:55am. When did he most probably leave Bluff？

A. At 8:00 a.m.

B. At 9:30 a.m.

C. At 11:00 a.m.

D. At 3:00 p.m.

72. Which of the following is false about the ferry services？

A. Tea and coffee are free for passengers.

B. Children go free for travel for about 15 days.

C. Travelers are sure to see some seabirds during the crossing.

D. Passengers have to pay extra cost for extra pieces of luggage.

（C）

Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day. World Tuberculosis (infections disease in which growths appear on the lungs) Day is on Saturday March 24th.

Tuberculosis was once terribly fashionable. Dying of "consumption" seems to have been a favorite activity of garret-dwelling 19th-century artists, h has, however, been neglected of late. Researchers in the field never tire of pointing out that TB kills a lot of people. According to figures released earlier this week by the World Health Organization, 1.6 million people died of the disease in 2005, compared with about 3m for AIDS and l m for malaria. But it receives only a fraction of the research budg et devoted to AIDS. America’s National Institutes of Health, for example, spends 20 times as much on AIDS as on TB. Nevertheless, everyone seems to getting in on the TB-day act this year.

The Global Fund an international organization responsible fur fighting all three diseases but best known for its work on AIDS, has used the occasion to trumpet its tuberculosis projects. The fund claims that its anti-TB activities since it opened for business in 2002 have saved the lives of over 1m people. The World Health Organization has issued a report that contains some good news. Although the number of TB cases is still rising, the rate of illness seems to have stabilized; the caseload, in other words, is growing only because the population itself is going up.

Even drug companies are involved. In the nm-up to the day itself, Eli Lilly announced a $50m boost to its MDRTB Global Partnership. MDR stands for multi-drug resistance, and it is one of the reasons why TB is back in the limelight. Careless treatment has caused drug-resistant strains to evolve all over the world. The course of drugs needed to clear the disease completely takes six mouths, anti persuading people lo stay that course once their symptoms have gone is hard. Unfortunately, those infected with MDR have to be treated with less effective, more poisonous and more costly drugs. Naturally, these provoke still more. non-compliance and thus still more evolution.

The other reason TB is back is its relationship to AIDS. The G lobal Fund’s joint responsibility for th e diseases is no coincidence. AIDS does not kill directly. Rather, HIV, the virus that causes it, weakens the body’s immune system and exposes the sufferer to secondary infections. Of these, TB is one of the most serious. It kills 200 000 AIDS patients a year. However, some anti-TB drugs interfere with the effect of some anti-HIV drugs. Conversely, in about 20% of cases where a patient has both diseases, anti-HIV drugs make the tuberculosis worse. The upshot is that 125 years after human beings worked out what caused TB, it is still a serious threat.

73. The first sentence “Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day.” means ______.

A. every dog enjoys good luck or success sooner or later

B. human beings can deal with problems caused by disease

C. Tuberculosis becomes a serious infectious disease

D. people attach importance to Tuberculosis recently

74. By referring to AIDS in Paragraph 2, the author intends to show ______.

A. the US government is reluctant to spend millions of dollars on Tuberculosis

B. the death rate of AIDS is higher than that of Tuberculosis

C. the officials did not pay much attention to the research of Tuberculosis in the past

D. compared with AIDS, Tuberculosis can be cured effectively

75. Which of the following best defines the word “upshot ”(Line 6, Para 5)?

A. Outcome.

B. Uphold.

C. Achievement.

D. Project

76. Which of the following proverbs is closest in meaning to the message the passage tries to convey?

A. Forgive and forget.

B. Forgotten, but not gone.

C. When the wound is healed, the pain is forgotten.

D. Every dog is brave at his own door.

Section C

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Adolescents generally refer to boys and girls on the high-school level - more specifically, the second, third, and the fourth years of high school. In dealing with students at this level, we must bear in mind that to some degree they are at a difficult stage, generally called adolescence.

Students at this level are likely to be confused mentally. They usually find it hard to concentrate on what they intend to do and often have romantic dreams. (77)

They lack frankness and are usually very easily affected

by their own emotions but hate to admit it. They are driven either by greater ambition, probably beyond their capability, or by extreme laziness caused by the fear of not succeeding or achieving their objectives. (78) They are willing to work, but they hate to work without obtaining the results they think they should obtain.

Regarding school issues, although they seldom say so, they really want to be consulted and given an opportunity to direct their own affairs, but they need a good amount of guidance. They seldom admit that they need this guidance and they frequently rebel against it, but if it is intelligently offered they accept it with enthusiasm. As to persona] beliefs, most of adolescents are trying to form political ideas and they have a tendency to be sometimes extremely idealistic, and at other times conventional, blindly accepting what their fathers and grandfathers believed in. (79) On the one hand they are too modest, and on the other hand unreasonably boastful. They tend to be influenced more by a strong character than by great intelligence.

(80) Having a better understanding of the characteristics and needs of young people at this age is a task that falls on both educators and the other people involved. It may also help theyoung go through this difficult and critical stage of life in a more constructive manner.

IV. Summary Writing

Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

The V oice in the Box

When I was quite young, my family had one of the first telephones in our neighborhood. I remember well the polished the wooden case fastened to the wall on the lower stair landing. But my first personal experience with this genie-in-the-receiver came one day while my mother was visiting a neighbor. Amusing myself at the tool bench, I hur t my finger with a hammer. The pain was terrible, but there didn’t seem to be much use crying, because there was no one home to offer sympathy. I walked around the house, and finally arriving at the stairway. The telephone! Quickly I ran for the footstool and dragged it to the landing. Climbing up, I unhooked the receiver and held it to my ear. “Information Please,” I said into the mouthpiece just above my head.

A click or two, and a small, clear voice spoke into my ear, “Information.”

“I hurt my finger…” I cried into the phone. The tears came readily enough, now that I had an audience.

“Isn’t your mother home?” came the question.

“Nobody’s home but me.” I sobbed.

“Are you bleeding?”

“No,” I replied. “I hit my finger with the hammer and it hurts.”

“Can you open your icebox?” she asked. I said I could. “Then break off a little piece of ice and hold it on your finger. That will stop the hurt. Be careful when you use the icepick(冰锥),” she said, “And don’t cry. You’ll be all right.”

After that, I called Information Please for everything. I asked her for help with my geography and she told me where Philadelphia was, and the Orinoco, the romantic river that I was going to explore when I grew up. She helped me with my arithmetic, and she told me that my pet chipmunk----I had caught him in the park just the day before----would eat fruit and nuts.

V. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 81. 正是那位作家对他说的一番话鼓励了他投身于写作。（It）

82. 这个国家经常陷入战乱，这就是它极度贫困的原因。（account）

83. 一个刚从大学毕业的没有实践经验的年轻人是很难找到一个高薪职位的。（difficulty）

84. 这位年轻人非常激动，他都不知道如何表达对这些援救人员给予他的无私帮助的感激之情。（So）