英国贸易保护主义

they think their industries are being damaged
by unfair competition by other countries. It is a defensive measure, and it is usually politically motivated. This policy contrasts with free trade, where government barriers to trade are kept to a minimum.
Current world trends

Since the end of World War II, it has been the stated policy of most First World countries to eliminate protectionism through free trade policies enforced by international treaties and organizations such as the World Trade Organization. Heads of the G20（二十国集团） meeting in London on 2 April 2009 pledged(保证) "We will not repeat the historic mistakes of protectionism of previous eras".
for cheaper, they have more expendable income.
History of Protectionism
Mid17th century -The Navigation Laws Dutch were acting as a kind of 'storehouse' for goods from all over the world, and were running a highly lucrative carrying trade to England and elsewhere in Europe. Oliver Cromwell's Parliament put in place the Navigation Ordinances effectively prevented the Dutch from having any part in England's import trades. From then on only English shipping could convey foreign goods to England. Parliament continued this kind of policy to protect English trade. new legislation passed in 1660, 1662 and 1663
first half of the after it had achieved industrial dominance in Europe
History of Protectionism
• 1947 - United States was one of 23 nations to sign reciprocal
主讲者：张桂玲（21号） PPT制作：林玲（6号） 黄海华（7号）
Content
Brief introduction History of Protectionism in U.K.
Problems of Protectionism
Trade Protectionism
Trade protectionism is used by countries when
互惠的trade agreements in the form of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) • 2009 - Fears of a shift to protectionist measures grow in Europe and America amid
Problems of Protectionism
Protectionism keeps UK firms away from genuine competition. They may become lazy and inefficient. If the UK puts up trade barriers then other countries are likely to retaliห้องสมุดไป่ตู้te.
History of Protectionism
18th century's legislation certain colonial exports, such as sugar, rice and tobacco, had to be
shipped first to England before they could be re-exported to European
Reasons for protectionism
•Protects UK businesses from extra competition •Helps new UK businesses to develop before they face competition •Helps protect UK jobs •Prevents foreign countries ‘dumping’ lots of cheap imports into the UK • Prevents imports of harmful or desirable goods

Since the UK relies on trade for much of its economy, a rise in protectionism will harm the UK economy (perhaps more than other economies). Higher tarrifs will definitely lead to lower exports, lower imports and a lower rate of economic growth. However, it is worth noting that 60% of UK trade is now with the EU. Therefore, if it is just protectionism with regard to non-EU countries, the effect will be smaller and the impact not so severe.
Trade barriers increase the cost of trading. For
example, a tariff would mean that UK firms and consumers may have to pay more for imports of raw materials or consumer goods
encourage a greater choice for consumers and a higher standard
of living . As the U.K. has lowered its trade restrictions, the gross domestic
product has risen. Since consumers can purchase quality products
Benefits of free trade
Free trade forces UK firms to produce quality goods and services as they face much foreign competition. Free trade encourages firms to export and import. This should
ports. The 'Navigation Laws' provided a structure of protection for trade that lasted until the middle of the 19th century
Mid 19th century - Britain began to abandon its protective tariffs in the