虚拟语气及答案

虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反

I: 最基本的虚拟语气句型:

1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过

去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。

If places were a like, there would be little need for geographers.

如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。

2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时

即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。

If he had known your address yesterday, he would have telephoned you.

3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的谓

语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should

/could/ might +动词原形。

If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday

4. 省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句。

　有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等词

提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。

Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.

Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.

Were I in your place, I wouldn't do that

5. 有时虚拟条件句并没来if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式来表示。

We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.

Without you help, I wouldn't have achieved so much.

But for your help, I would not have succeeded.

II: 虚拟语气在从句中用should的情况:

1. 在建议,要求,命令,想法后的动词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should 可以省略. 如advise, agree, command, decide, demand, determine, grant, indicate, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge, vote. 常考到的是: suggest, advise, demand, require, propose, insist, order, request.

His doctor suggested that he (should) take short leave of absence.

The author proposed that TV (should) be turned off at least one hour every day.

2. 在建议,要求,命令,想法后的名词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should可以省略. 如advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation etc.

It was Bill's suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.

His suggestion was that everyone (should) have a map.

He gave us a suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.

3. 在It is/was +形容词后的that 从句中用should的结构, should 可以省略. 这类形容词常见的有: advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, important, natural, necessary, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.

It‘s natural that she (should) do so.

It is essential that we (should) tell her the news.

4. 在lest 和for fear that( 以免) , in case (以防)从句中用should, should 可以省略.

She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates.

Have your gun ready in case we should need it.

III: wish 后的that 从句中:

1. 表示现在或将来的愿望,从句中过去式.

I wish I knew his address.

I wish I were young.

2. 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望, 从句用过去完成式或would, could, might + have + 过去分词.

I wish you had written to him.

I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

3. 如果将wish改成wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变.

4. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求

I wish he would answer my letter.

I wish prices would come down.

I wish you would help me.

I wish you would stop asking silly questions.

IV: 在It's about/ high/ first(second, third etc) time 后的that 从句中, 用过去式. 表示“该是做什么的时候了”

It is about time you were in bed.

It is high time we left.

It is the first time I came here.

V: 在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that从句中, 用过去式或过去完成式, 表示”宁愿做什么”

I would rather he came tomorrow than today.

John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.

VI: 在if only 感叹句中, 谓语动词与wish宾语从句的虚拟形式相同.

If only he didn't drive so fast! (现在)

If only she had asked someone's advice.(过去)

If only the rain would stop.(将来)