英语句子成分结构详解《主谓宾定状补同位语分析》

英语句子成分结构详解
主语，谓语，宾语，定语，状语，表语是句子成份
①主语：The sun rises in the east. He likes dancing.
Twenty years is a short time in history. Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe. What he needs is a book.
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
用于说明人或事物执行某一动作，表明“谁”或“什么”。

常由名词、代词和数词来担任。

②谓语：She likes music．说明主语的动作或状态，表明“做什么”或“是什么”。

常由实义动词或系动词加上表语部分来充当。

③宾语1）动作的承受者-----动宾
I like China. He hates you. How many do you need? We need two. We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you.
I hope to see you again. Did you write down what he said?
2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.
是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么，在谓语之后。

如：
He learns English well．他英语学得好。

（作动词宾语）
I'm interested in handwriting．我对书法很感兴趣。

（作介词宾语）
④补语：We elected him monitor. We will make them happy.
Please make yourself at home. His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. Don’t keep the lights burning. I’ll have my bike repaired. 说明宾语、主语“做什么”或“处于某种状态”。

常由名词、形容词等词类来担任。

如：
The teacher named me Lucy．（名词作补语）
V ery loud noises can make people ill．（形容词作补语）
⑤表语：He is a teacher. Seventy-four! Y ou don’t look it.
Five and five is ten. He is asleep.
The picture is on the wall. My watch is gone / missing / lost.
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. The question is whether he will come.
放在连系动词之后表示主语的身份或特征的成分，表明“什么”，“怎么样”。

多由名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词和介词短语来担任。

如：
She looks nice．（形容词作表语）
Ann is in the classroom．（介词短语作表语）
⑥定语：用于修饰和限制名词或代词的成分，表明“谁的”、“怎么样”等。

多由名词、数词、形容词、代词和介词短语等来充当。

如：
Tom is a handsome boy. My friend is a middle school student．
The man with black glasses liked sweet food．There is nothing to do today
⑦状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。

状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；
英语语句基本结构分析：
1．S十V句式: 主谓结构
在此句式中，V是不及物动词，(vi．)例如：
He runs quickly．
They listened carefully．
He suffered from cold and hunger．
China belongs to the third world country．
The gas has given out．
2．S十V十P句式:主系表结构
在此句式中，V是系动词(link v．)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，become，turn等。

例如：
He is older than he looks．
The story sounds interesting．
The desk feels hard．
The cake tastes nice．
The flowers smell sweet and nicc．
Y ou have grown taller than before．
He becomes a teacher when he grew up．
3．S十V十O句式: 主谓宾结构
在此句式中，V是及物动词(vt．)，因此有宾语。

例如：
I saw a film yesterday．
Have you read the story?
They found their home easily．
They built a house last year．
They've put up a factory in the village．
They have taken good care of the children．
4．S十V十O1十O2句式: 主谓双宾结构
在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。

常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等。

例如：
He gave me a book/a book to me．
He brought me a pen/a pen to me．
He offered me his seat/his seat to me．
5．S十V十O十C句式: 主谓宾补结构
They made the girl angry．
They found her happy that day．
I found him out．
I saw him in．
They named the boy Charlie．
I saw him come in and go out．
They felt the car moving fast．
I heard the glass broken just now．
He found the doctor of study closed to him．。