ed形容词和ing形容词
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–ed形容词和–ing形容词的用法区别
一、传统的观点许多参考书认为:-ing形容词与表示事物的名词连用,-ed形容词与表示人的名词连用。此说法在很多情况下是可行的,但表述欠准确,在许多情况下却是不可靠的。如-ing 形容词用于人的情况就比比皆是:假若你的老师说话幽默、讲课生动,那么不仅他的课非常interesting,而且你会说他是一个interesting man(有趣的人)。
比较:
I’m interested in interesting people. 我对有趣的人感兴趣。
He was worried about his worrying son. 他为他令人担忧的儿子感到担忧。
He was annoyed with the annoying person. 他对这个讨厌的人很生气。
另一方面,-ed 形容词用于指物的情况也不少见。比较并体会:
a frightened look 害怕的表情(指带有这种“表情”的人感到害怕)
a frightening look 吓人的表情(指这种“表情”令人害怕)
an excited talk 心情激动的谈话(指“谈话”的人心情激动)
an exciting talk 令人激动的谈话(指听“谈话”的人心情激动)
由于传统的观点说得太绝对,有时做起题来还可能会因此掉入命题人的陷阱,请看下面一题:
_____ do you think of your English teacher? Is he _______?
A. What, interesting
B. What, interested
C. How, interesting
D. How, interested
此题考查两方面的知识点:一是考查what do you think of…与how do you like…的用法区别(两者搭配不同,但意思相同);二是考查interesting与interested的用法区别。若套用以上关于-ing形容词与-ed 形容词的区别,则可能将答案锁定为D。但是错了,此题的最佳答案应是A。
二、正确的观点关于-ing形容词与-ed形容词的区别,比较准确的表述应该是:
1. 以后缀–ed结尾的形容词(如ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried等)通常用于说明人,不用于说明事物,即使它们所修饰的名词是事物,那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。如:
He had a pleased smile on his face.
他脸上露出了满意的微笑。
He told me the news in a very excited voice.
他声音很激动地告诉了我这个消息。
第一句中的a pleased smile 意为“满意的微笑”,它指的是某人因感到满意发出的微笑;
第二句中的 a very excited voice 指的是“很激动的声音”,即指的是某人因很激动而发生那样的声音。原则上,-ed 形容词通常直接用于说明人,若修饰事物,则多为air(神态), appearance(外貌), cry(哭声), face(表情), voice(声音), mood(情绪)<'Times New Roman'">), mood(等显示某人的情感状况的名词。2. 以后缀-ing 结尾的形容词(如delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying 等)主要用于说明事物,表示事物的性质或特征,若用它们说明人,则表示此人具有此性质或特征。如:
The story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。
The man is very interesting. 这个人很有趣。
请再比较并体会以下句子:
He is frightened. 他很害怕。He is frightening. 他很吓人。
He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。
He has a frightening look on his face. 他脸上带有吓人的神情。
I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。
I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种有趣的表情。
三、学练结合请做做以下试题,看你是否能克服原来的思维定势,能否跳出命题人的陷阱:
1. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _____.
A. worried
B. to worried
C. worrying
D. worry
A. disappointing;worrying
B. disappointing;worried
C. disappointed;worried
D. disappointed;worrying
3. After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home, ______.
A. safe but tired
B. safely but tired
C. safe and tiring
D. safely and tiring
4. As we all know, typing is a ______ job to a ______ heart.
A. tired; tired
B. tired; tiring
C. tiring; tired
D. tiring; tiring
5. Poor boy! His________ looks and ________hands suggested he was very afraid.A. frightful; trembling B. frightened; trembling
C. frightening; trembled
D. frightened; trembly
答案与解析:
1. 选A。句中的that punish…the law是定语从句。句意是:因为他们小孩的违法行为而惩罚其父母,这样的法律使得做父母的感到忧虑。表示人“感到忧虑的”用由过去分词转换而来的形容词。
2. 选B。句意是:由于她的儿子令人失望,她感到非常烦恼。表示“令人……的”用-ing 形容词;表示“感到……的”用-ed形容词。
3. 选A。此题一方面考查形容词作状语(。此题一方面考查形容词作状语(当形容词用作状语时,表示意义上的增补,和句子主语在逻辑上有主谓关系),另一方面考查形容词tiring与tired的用法区别,此处填tired表示“人感到疲惫的”,即选A。。
4. 选C。第一空填tiring,表示“使人劳累的”;第二空填tired,表示“感到劳累的”。
5. 选B。第一空填frightened,其意为“感到害怕的”;第二空填trembling表示动作的进行。也就是说,frightened说明主语因……而产生的情绪反应,从而影响到人的身体部位……trembling。
ed形式及常见短语与ing形式形容词归纳
excited (be ~d about) / exciting
surprised (be ~d at) //surprising
amazed (be ~d at) //amazing
embarrassed(be ~ed in) //embarrassing
encouraged(be ~ed at / by) / encouraging
frustrated (be ~d of) / frustrating
interested (be ~ed in) / interesting
thrilled (be ~ed at) / thrilling
terrified (be terrified at/ of / with) / terrifying
pleased (be ~d with) / pleasing, = pleasant
satisfied(be satisfied with) / satisfying
frightened (be ~ed at / of ) / frightening
tired (be ~d of) / tiring
bored (be ~d with) / boring
relaxed (无固定搭配) / relaxing
fascinated (be ~d by) / fascinating
annoyed (be ~ed with) / annoying
moved (be ~d by) / moving
worried (be worried about) / worrying
confused (be confused about) / confusing
练习:
一用括号内所给动词的-ed形式或-ing形式填空
1. The children were ____after the trip. (tire)
2. The trip was____. (tire)
3. The ____children went to bed early after the trip. (tire)