机械毕业设计英文外文翻译4ADVISOR 使用说明

附录ADVISOR Documentation3.1 ADVISOR file structure3.1.1 File interactions & data flowThe above schematic represents data flow in the ADVISOR file system. The four main agent types are:◆Input Scripts define variables in the workspace and/or call other inputscripts. An example is MC_PM32.M.◆Block Diagrams are Simulink files containing the equations used tocompute outputs such as fuel use from inputs such as an engine map.They are the models. One example is BD_PAR.MDL.◆Output Scripts post process the model outputs by querying theworkspace. These may include plotting routines or error checkingroutines. chkoutputs.m is an example.◆Control Scripts may both develop inputs and process outputs. Examplesinclude the ADVISOR GUI and optimization routines.3.1.2 File locationsThe main ADVISOR directory (e.g. c:\ADVISOR or c:\Program Files\ADVISOR) contains several sub directories. Among these are the data, GUI, and models directories that contain the corresponding files.3.1.3 File naming conventionsAll model and data files use a prefix followed by an underscore (‘_’) that is the same as the prefix used for (nearly all of) the variables it defines, which in turn is in pointy brackets (<>) at the end of the Simulink block in which those variables are used. Here are ADVISOR’s c omponent file types:ACC_*.M Accessory load filesCYC_*.M Driving cycle files, which define variables starting with cyc_, used in the block labeled <cyc>ESS_*.M Energy storage system data files, which likewise define variables starting with ess_, used in the block labeled <ess>EX_*.M Exhaust after treatment files (such as catalysts)FC_*.M Fuel converter data filesTX_*.M Transmission data files (these include gearbox-gb and final drive-fd variables)GC_*.M Generator/controller data filesMC_*.M Motor/controller data filesPTC_*.M Powertrain control data files, which define engine control, clutch control, and hybrid control strategy variables starting with vc_ and cs_, used in blocks labeled <vc> and <cs>TC_*.M Torque coupler data filesVEH_*.M Vehicle data filesWH_*.M Wheel/axle data filesIn addition to the above component data files, there is one other type thatuse prefixes:BD_*.MDL Simulink block diagrams (models)All filenames that include prefixes are entirely in capital letters to avoid confusion with variable names, which are entirely in lower-case letters.3.1.4 Adding files to ADVISORThe easiest way to add a particular kind of file to ADVISOR is to modify an existing file of that kind and save it with a new file name, entirely in capital letters, in the appropriate ADVISOR directory. This will ensure that all variables necessary to fully define the particular component will be included in your new file. For adding vehicle component or drive cycle files, clicking the pushbutton in the graphical user interface brings up a window to guide the process.3.1.5 Inspecting input filesComponent files and nearly all other files in ADVISOR are text files (the exceptions are mat files, which contain Matlab-specific data), and can be viewed and edited in any text editor. A fixed pitch font helps. We recommend using the Matlab editor/debugger packaged with Matlab 5.3. Additionally, text files can be viewed in the Matlab command window by entering type filename at the MATLAB command line.3.1.6 Deleting files from ADVISOR‟s databaseFiles can be removed from ADVISOR by either deleting them using your operating system or by entering the following at the Matlab command line: !rm filenameDeleting files via the operating system is preferable, especially on PC and Macintosh platforms, where …deleted‟ files will be preserved in Trash or the Recycle Bin.3.2 Drivetrain model descriptionsADVISOR has six different vehicle types and two specific vehicle choices, as listed below. Each of these has a different drivetrain. There is also an option to use a custom drivetrain.Conventional Drivetrain: The conventional vehicle represents a typical passenger car. It uses only a fuel converter for motive power. The default gearbox is a 5 speed. The conventional accessories are a constant mechanical power load.Series Drivetrain: The series vehicle components include a fuel converter, a generator, batteries, and a motor. The fuel converter does not drive the vehicle shaft directly. Instead, it converts mechanical energy directly into electrical energy via the generator. All torque used to move the vehicle comes from the motor. The default gearbox is a one speed. The default control strategy is a series power follower. The hybrid accessories are a constant electrical power load.Parallel Drivetrain: The parallel vehicle components include an engine, batteries, and a motor. Is is named parallel because both the motor and the engine can apply torque to move the vehicle. The motor can act in reverse as a generator for braking and to charge the batteries. The default control strategy isan electric assist. The default gearbox is a 5 speed. The hybrid accessories are a constant electrical power load.Parallel Starter/Alternator: The parallel starter/alternator vehicle components include an engine, batteries, and a motor. It is named parallel starter/alternator because the motor behaves like the starter and the alternator of a conventional vehicle. It allows for engine shutdown and restart and for minimal electric assist. It is a parallel design because both the motor and the engine can apply torque to move the vehicle. The major difference between the parallel starter/alternator design and the basic parallel design is the location of the clutch. The clutch is positioned between the gearbox and torque coupler in the parallel starter/alternator design while it is located between the torque coupler and the engine in the basic parallel design. This means that if the vehicle is moving and the clutch is engage both the engine and motor shafts must be rotating. The motor can act in reverse as a generator for braking and to charge the batteries. The default control strategy is an electric assist <Parallel.htm>. The default gearbox is a 5 speed. The hybrid accessories are a constant electrical power load.Custom:The above figure represents a conventional vehicle's drivetrain using components from ADVISOR. Note that most blocks have two inputs and two outputs. Each block passes and transforms a torque and speed request, and each block also passes an achievable or actual torque and speed.The top arrows, feeding left-to-right, are the torque and speed requests. Thedrive cycle requests or requires a given speed. Each block between the driving cycle and the torque provider, in this case the ICE, then computes its required input given its required output. It does this by applying losses, speed reductions or multiplications, and its performance limits.At the end of the line, the …ICE fuel converter‟ uses its required torque output and speed to determine how much torque it can actually deliver and its maximum speed. Then passing information back to the left, each component determines its actual output given its actual input, using losses computed during the …input requirement‟ pass described above. Finally, the vehicle block computes the vehicle's actual speed given the tractive force and speed limit it receives, and uses this speed to compute acceleration for the next time step. And so the cycle continues throughout the duration of the driving cycle.The following describe the torque, speed, and power transformations performed by the drivetrain component models that connected to each other as explained above to build a vehicle model. In addition, the somewhat trickier blocks that perform solely …control‟ f unctions are documented below.3.2.3 TransmissionTorque couplerTorque coupler block diagramRole of subsystem in vehiclePhysically, a torque coupler is a three-sprocket belt or chain drive whereby two torque sources combine their torques to provide to a drivetrain component such as the gearbox or final drive. The torque coupler block diagram processes atorque and speed request from the downstream drivetrain component and apportions requests of the two ‘feeder’ torque sources.Description of modeling approachThe effects of torque loss and a gear ratio between the second of the torque input devices and the output are modeled here. The torque loss is a constant whenever the torque coupler is spinning.The torque coupler first requests the sum of necessary output torque and torque coupler loss from the first torque source. Using the actual/available torque of the first source, it requests the balance of the second torque source. The speeds of the two torque providers are in constant proportion to the torque coupler output speed: the first input speed equals the output speed, and the second input speed is greater by a factor tc_mc_to_fc_ratio.GearboxGearbox block diagram Role of subsystem in vehicleThe gearbox of a multi-speed transmission houses gears of different gear ratios that are used to transmit torque from the engine or tractive motor to the final drive and on to the wheels. It thereby allows a number of discrete speed reduction and torque multiplication factors. Inclusion of a gearbox is critical to the drivetrain of conventional and parallel hybrid vehicles, and generally less important for series hybrids.Description of modeling approachThe gearbox model in ADVISOR usually communicates physics (torque, speed,and power) information to and from the final drive submodel and engine, torque converter, and/or motor model. Control information as might be sensed or commanded by a CPU in the vehicle, such as gear number, is passed to and from the transmission control submodel.Effects on torque and speed in the gearbox include:∙torque multiplication and speed reduction via the gear ratio,∙torque loss due to the acceleration of rotational inertia, and∙torque loss due to the friction of the turning gears.These effects are modeled empirically. Data files such as <ADVISOR directory>/data/transmission/TX_5SPD.M are required to supply necessary physical parameters.The equations represented by the Simulink block diagram in the picture corresponding to the link above are as follows.Equations used in subsystemTORQUE AND SPEED REQUIRED(torque req’d into gearbox) = (torque req’d out of gearbox) / (current gear ratio) +(torque req’d to accelerate rotational inertia) + (torque loss due to friction),where(torque req’d out of gearbox) is a Simulink input (#1, in the top left of the above figure)(current gear ratio) is computed from (current gear number), which is provided by the "gearbox controller interface" block, using the look-up vector gb_ratio(torque req’d to accelerate rotational inertia) = gb_inertia* d(speed req’d into gearbox)/dt(torque loss at transmission input due to friction) = function of [torque at output-side of gearbox, angular speed at output side of gearbox, gear (e.g., 1st, 2nd, etc.)]--this is implemented with a lookup-table(speed req’d into gearbox) = (speed req’d out of gearbox) * (current gear ratio)TORQUE AND SPEED AVAILABLE(torque avail. at output side of gearbox) = { (torque avail. at input side of gearbox) * [(output side power) / (input side power)]required - (torque req’d to accelerate rotational inertia) } * (current gear ratio)where(torque avail. at input side of gearbox) is a Simulink input (#2, in the bottom left of the above figure)[(output side power) / (input side power)]required is computed from the input and output torques and speeds of the REQUIRED calculations(speed avail. at output side of gearbox) = (speed avail. at input side of gearbox) / (current gear ratio)ADVISOR 使用说明3.1ADVISOR的文件结构3.1.1 文件交互与数据流ADVISOR 文件系统的数据流如上图所示。