马术运动常用英语词汇
马戏团常用词汇
马戏团常用词汇Circus 马戏团travelling circus 巡回马戏团circus wagon (马戏团的)大篷车big top 大帐篷,马戏篷tent 帐篷ring, arena 场地tier 看台master of ceremonies, M.C. 节目主持人,司仪parade, cavalcade 列队行进show 节目circus act 马戏节目trick rider, equestrian acrobat 马戏演员equitation, riding 马术equestrian, rider 马术演员fakir, magician, illusionist, conjurer, conjuror 魔术师mountebank, tumbler 变戏法者ventriloquist 腹语术者contortionist 柔术演员acrobat 杂技演员balancer 表演平衡技巧的人trapeze artist 荡秋千演员walker, rope walker 走绳索者funambulist 走钢丝者juggler 耍把戏者thermocouple pyrometer 热电偶高温计sword swallower 吞剑者fire eater 吞火者snake charmer 耍蛇者flier, flyer 空中飞人 (美作:aerialist)clown 小丑giant 巨人midget, dwarf 侏儒horse trainer 驯马师wild animal trainer 驯兽师lion tamer 驯狮者wild animal 野兽cage 笼子whip 鞭子performing animal 驯服的动物tights, leotard 紧身衣tumble 翻筋斗double somersault 翻双筋斗human pyramid 叠罗汉balance 平衡技巧rings 圈springboard 跳板trampoline 绷床trapeze 秋千safety net 安全网tightrope 绳索wire-walking 走钢丝balancing pole 平衡杆。
马术
LOGO
CHAPTER 2
Equestrian at the Summer Olympics
Dressage 盛装舞步
Dressage ("training" in French) involves the progressive training of the horse to a high level of impulsion(冲力), collection, and obedience(顺从). Competitive dressage has the goal of showing the horse carrying out, on request, the natural movements that it performs without thinking while running loose.
LOGO
Eventing 三日赛
Eventing, also called combined training, horse trials, the three-day event, the Military, or the complete test, puts together the obedience (顺从) of dressage with the athletic ability of show jumping, the fitness demands the cross-country jumping phase. 三日赛,马术运动国际比赛项目之一。也称"综合全能马术比赛"。分 为盛装舞步赛、障碍赛和越野赛(Cross-country)三部分,骑师在三 天时间里必须骑同一匹马。 第一天为盛装舞步赛;第二天进行越野赛,骑师需要骑行5700米跨越 不多于45个的障碍;第三天为障碍赛。三天比赛完成后,罚分最少的 团队、骑师和马匹将获得冠军。奥运会三日赛有个人和团体两个项目 (均为1912年列入),是奥运会马术比赛中最艰苦也是最考验骑手与马 匹的比赛项目,比赛中充满了危险和刺激,也是奥运会马术比赛中最 难拿到金牌的项目。
马术专业词英语单词
巴沙基(passage)马术运动术语。
也称"⾼级快步"。
盛装舞步赛中规定步法。
两斜对肢交互起落⼀致,并间隔较长,前蹄的提起⾼度在着地⼀侧前肢脏⾻的⼀半以上;后蹄抬起的⾼度稍⾼于另⼀后肢的距关节。
这种可快步,步幅紧凑,节奏鲜明.运步时马的臀部的冲动⼒明显,前膝和后膝的屈裕程度较⼤,并富有弹性。
双重障碍(double combimation obstacle)马术运动术语。
由两个距离为7-12⽶障碍物组成,⽐赛时马匹必须连续进⾏两次跳越。
开启式复障碍(open combination obetacle)马术运动术语。
指马匹不需要跳也能从⾥⾯出来的障碍。
开缰(leadingrein)马术运动术语缰扶助之⼀。
肘不离开上体,⽤拳和⼩臂向左或向右拉开缰,⽤于回转。
中间步法(middle gait)马术运动术语。
指介于寻常步法和伸长步法之间的中等伸长步法。
有中间慢步、快步、跑等。
内⽅(inside)马术运动术语。
马的左、右侧分别被称为"内⽅"、 "外⽅"。
内⽅姿势为:马头、颈采⽤受衔姿势,左层挠,马体以骑⼿内⽅脚(左脚)为中⼼,弯曲成弧形。
骑⼿仅能见马的左眼⾓。
外⽅姿势相反。
正扶助(natural aids)马术运动术语。
也称"⾃然扶助"。
指⽤缰、脚、骑坐控制马匹,使之按骑⼿意图⾏动。
半减却扶助( half aids)马术运动术语。
指骑⼿为了使马变换步法和步速,⽽预先施于马的扶助。
对侧步(amble)马术运动术语。
俗称"⾛马"。
使马匹同侧的前后两肢同时离地和落地,两侧交替进⾏。
分⾃然形成和⼈⼯形成两种。
马蹄落地呈两蹄声,为两节拍步法。
正步(passage)马术运动术语。
指马匹依*臀部的协调配合,膝盖与后踝关节充分弯曲,每对对⾓肢交替伸出,韵律平均,停歇稍长。
是⼀种极为缩短、⽽极有韵律的快步。
寻常步法(ordinary gait)马术运动术语。
马术的专业用语
马术的专业用语马术的专业术语巴沙基(passage)也称"高级快步"。
盛装舞步赛中规定步法。
两斜对肢交互起落一致,并间隔较长,前蹄的提起高度在着地一侧前肢脏骨的一半以上;后蹄抬起的高度稍高于另一后肢的距关节。
这种可快步,步幅紧凑,节奏鲜明.运步时马的臀部的冲动力明显,前膝和后膝的屈裕程度较大,并富有弹性。
扶助(aid)指骑手为了使马匹眼从并按照自己的意图行动,借助缰、脚、骑坐的操控,并使用马鞭、马刺、声音等诱导、鼓励和驱策的方法。
正扶助(natural aids)也称"自然扶助"。
指用缰、脚、骑坐控制马匹,使之按骑手意图行动。
半减却扶助( half aids)指骑手为了使马变换步法和步速,而预先施于马的扶助。
全减却扶助(all aid)指骑手施于马的扶助用来使马停止前进。
内方(inside)马的左、右侧分别被称为"内方"、"外方"。
内方姿势为:马头、颈采用受衔姿势,左层挠,马体以骑手内方脚(左脚)为中心,弯曲成弧形。
骑手仅能见马的左眼角。
外方姿势相反。
施缰(draw the rein)缰扶助之一。
两拳不离开原位,腕部向前外上方扭转,驱策马前进、加快和伸长步度。
开缰(leadingrein)缰扶助之一。
肘不离开上体,用拳和小臂向左或向右拉开缰,用于回转。
向左转时用右缰压马颈,右转则反之。
受衔(light mouth)指马匹愿意戴笼头和水勒。
或在运动时对缰和水勒的控制无抵抗行为。
屈挠(bend)指马头、颈、项、躯体及四肢等部位作出的柔软而优美的弯屈动作。
抗拒(resistace)指马匹在比赛中出现的停止且或多或少有回转,以及后腿直立等情形。
无论什么时候或什么理由出现这种情形,均属抗拒。
收缩(systole)指马匹后体屈挠,跗关节弯曲,使后肢向前下方深踏,前肢起扬,头颈昂起重心后移,处于受衔状态。
马匹这种运动姿势,体态优雅,骑乘较为舒适。
马术运动常用英语词汇
马术运动常用英语词汇马术运动障碍赛花式骑术Equestrian人员障碍赛花式骑术赛马马球运动赌马步法马匹场地旗手装备饲养与调教1.马术运动:equestrian sport2.马术比赛:equestrian competition event3.障碍赛:hurdle race; (steeple) chase4.超越障碍赛:show jumping5.盛装舞步;花式骑术:dressage6.三日赛;综合全能马术比赛:three-day event; complete competitive examination of horsemanship7.花式骑术测验:dressage test8.越野耐力测验:endurance test9.超越障碍测验:jumping test10.跳跃障碍测验:Puissance11.马场超越障碍赛:Stadium jumping competition12.放牧人竞技会:Rodeo13.马上技巧:Mounted gymnastics14.马术学校:Riding school [academy]人员15.马术运动员;骑手:equestrian; equestrienne (女); horseman; horsewoman (女); rider; jockey16.障碍赛骑手:Show jumper17.盛装舞步骑手:Dressage rider18.驯马师:horse-breaker [-master; -trainer]; bronco-buster19.障碍赛裁判员:Obstacle judge20.检查员:Patrol judge21.跑道检查员:Clerk of the course22.赛马工作人员:Steward23.饲养员:groom;Stableman24.马掌工:Blacksmith; Farrier障碍赛25.越过障碍:Jump26.起跳:Take off27.飞跃:Fly28.飞越:Leap29.轻触障碍:Tick30.漏跳:Omit an obstacle31.拒跳:Ba(u)lk32.踌躇(跳障碍前收住脚步):Dwell33.碰撞障碍:Knock down an obstacle34.绊跌:Stumble35.时间限制:Time limit36.障碍赛平分决胜:jump-off37.障碍:Obstacle; fence38.障碍宽度:Spread39.固定障碍:Solid obstacle40.简单障碍:Simple obstacle41.双重障碍:Double obstacles; in-and-out42.直立障碍:Vertical [straight] obstacle43.高宽混合障碍high and broad obstacle44.平行杆障碍:Parallel poles45.双重平行杆障碍:Double parallel poles46.三重障碍:Triple bars47.平行三重障碍:Triple parallel bars48.木栅障碍:Railing; paling; Oxer; bars; post and rail obstacles 49.单栏障碍:Simple oxer50.蛇形木栅障碍:Snake fence51.宽围栏障碍:Spread fence52.屋顶形障碍:Chicken coop53.低墙障碍;土堤:Bank; knoll54.石墙障碍:Stone wall55.树篱障碍:Hedge; bullfinch56.窄篱[墙]障碍:Narrow stile57.篱沟障碍:Ditch and hedge58.树篱与木栅障碍:Brush and rails59.沟:Ditch; pit60.水沟障碍:Water-jump61.水沟带树篱障碍:Water jump with hedge花式骑术62.初级花式骑术:Elementary training; Campagne63.高级花式骑术:grand dressage; high school; haut ecole64.立定:Attention65.前肢起扬:Levade; pesade66.后肢直立:Rear67.昂首跳步:Jigging68.原地快步:Trot in place69.斜横步:Two-track; half-pass; appuyer70.巴沙基;高级快报:Passage71.西班牙舞步;高级慢步:Spanish walk72.琵阿斐;原地高级步:Piaffe73.跳跃:Gambado75.原地腾跃:Capriole76.直立腾跃:Curvet; courbette77.旋转:Pivot78.后肢旋转:Pivot on the quarters; pirouette79.前肢旋转:Pivot on the forehand80.半旋转:Caracole81.后肢半旋转:Half-pirouette82.环骑:Volt(e)83.转圈(直径超过6米):Circle84.8字形:Eight; school figures赛马85.赛马:Horse race [racing]86.大赛马:Derby87.平地赛马(无障碍物):Flat race88.有奖赛马:Stakes race89.让步赛马:Handicap; allowance race90.负重减量:Alloance91.附加重量:Impost92.根据马匹年龄和赛程而附加的重量:Weight-for-age 93.轻驾车赛:Hharness racing94.同时到达终点:dead heat95.领先一头的距离:head96.落选的马:also-ran97.马球运动:polo98.马球运动员:polo player; poloist99.马球队:quartet100.局:chukker101.前锋:forward102.前卫:halfback103.后卫:back104.球门裁判:goal umpire105.判胜一球:penalty goal106.原地罚球:free hit107.得球:right of way108.球行线:line of ball109.挤出球行线:ride off the ball110.向前击球:forestroke111.向后击球:backstroke112.右侧向前击球:offside forehand113.右侧向后击球:offside backhand114.左侧向前击球:nearside forehand115.左侧向后击球:nearside backhand116.马球杆:mallet; polo-stick117.赌马:gamble [bet] on horses118.赌博者:gambler; bettor; horse player119.登记赌注者:bookmaker; bookie120.赌注:bet; stake121.赔率:odds122.同注分彩赌博:parimutuel123.赛马内情简报:dope-[tip-]-sheet骑术124.骑术:art of riding; horsemanship; equestrianism; equestrian skill; equitation; jockeyship125.无鞍骑乘:ride bareback126.上马:get up; mount127.帮助上马:leg up128.下马:dismount129.骑坐姿势:riding posture; seat130.身体重心居中的骑坐姿势:park seat131.前倾骑坐:forward [balanced; hunting; modern; military] seat132.极度前倾骑坐:jockey seat133.古典骑坐姿势:academic [classical] seat134.顺随马的动作:go with the horse135.扶助指挥:aid136.自然扶助:natural aid; authorized assistance137.人工扶助:artificial aid; unauthorized assistance 138.控缰:draw the rein139.开控缰:leading [opening] rein140.颈上控缰:bearing [neck] rein141.反向直控缰:direct rein of opposition142.强力控缰:heavy-handed; mutton-fisted143.轻控缰绳:light-handed144.控马:collect a horse145.控马后退:rein back146.停住:halt147.控缰主导腿:active leg148.控缰支撑腿:passive leg149.落马:fall from the horse; come a cropper150.步法[态]:gait151.自然步法:collected [natural] gait152.人工步(包括慢跑步、侧对步、破侧对步):artificial gait 153.侧[横]步:sidestep154.慢步:walk; short pace; jog trot155.自由慢步:free walk156.短慢步:short walk157.跑慢步:running walk158.侧对步:amble; pace; on the diagonal159.慢侧对步:slow gait; stepping pace160.破[花]侧对步:broken amble; rack; single foot161.快步:trot162.狐[小快]步:foxtrot163.骑手稳坐马鞍的小跑:sitting trot164.骑手随马起伏的小跑:rising trot165.慢快步:collected trot166.平稳快步:square trot167.缩短快步:slow trot168.慢跑步:canter; slow pace; hand gallop169.普通慢快跑:ordinary canter170.大步慢跑:lope171.反常跑步:counter canter; false lead172.飞奔;疾驰:gallop173.袭步:full [running] gallop174.狂奔:bolt; take the bit175.伸长步法:extended gait176.缩短步法:shortened gait177.碎步:choppy stride178.乱步:disunited gait179.两个蹄音的步法:two-beat gait180.三个蹄音的步法:three-beat gait181.四个蹄音的步法:four-beat gait182.善于五种步法的:five-gaited183.简单换步:simple change of legs184.空中换腿:flying change of legs马匹185.马:horse186.额毛:forelock187.马体前部:forequarters; front quarters188.马鬃:mane; crest189.马肩隆:withers190.马背:horseback191.颈础:base of neck192.脊背:back193.腹部:belly; abdomen; barrel194.胁:blank195.臀部:haunch; hind quarters; rump; croup(e); crump; crupper 196.前肢:forefoot; front foot; arm197.左前肢:left fore198.右前肢:right fore199.后肢:hind leg200.左后肢:left fore201.右前肢:right hind202.斜对肢:diagonal pair of legs203.飞[跗关]节:hock204.胫:shank; gaskin; second thigh205.距毛;球节:fetlock206.系部:pastern207.蹄:hoof; foot208.品种:breed209.谱系:pedigree210.纯种马:purebred; bloodstock211.英纯种马:thoroughbred212.阿拉伯马:Arab (horse); Arabian horse213.非纯种的:cold-blooded214.混血马:half-bred215.母马:mare; dam216.母驹(5岁以下):filly217.公驹(5岁以下):colt218.1-2岁的幼驹:yearling219.2-4岁的马:futurity220. 种马:stud horse221. 骟马:castrated horse; gelding222. 比赛用马:race horse; racer; bangtail; oat-burner223. 盛装舞步马:dressage horse224. 障碍赛用马:(show) jumper225. 越野障碍赛用马:chaser; hunter226. 球赛马:polo pony227. 轻挽马:harness horse228. 骑乘马:riding [saddle] horse; hackney; saddler229. 体形:conformation; quality230. 受衔姿势:collection231. 特征:marking; peculiarity232. 性格:disposition; temperament233. 敏感性:responsiveness234. 易惊的:shy; flighty; skittish235. 见人受惊的:manshy236. 易受惊的马:shyer237. 驯服性:obedience; suppleness; acceptance to the bridle 238. 受衔的:light-mouthed239. 不让装勒的:headshy240. 不服马嚼子的马:puller241. 易于驾驭的:light in hand242. 难驾驭的:reative243. 不驯从的:disobedient244. 难驯的马:bucking bronco; outlaw245. 弓背跳起(企图摔下骑手):buck jump246. 将骑手摔下来:throw [unseat] the rider247. 马具:harness; tackle; horse gear248. 口套;鼻笼:muzzle249. 嚼子;口衔:bit250. 马眼罩:blinders; blinkers; winkers251. 头勒:halter; headstall252. 顶革:headpiece; head strap253. 低头革:martingale254. 颊革:cheek piece [strap]255. 颈革:neck strap256. 鼻革:noseband257. 马肚带:girth; cinch; surcingle258. 缰绳:rein259. 控制缰:checkrein260. 鞍具:saddlery261. 马鞍:saddle262. 花式骑术马鞍:dressage saddle263. 鞍座:seat264. 前鞍桥:saddle bow; pommel265. 后鞍桥:high bow; cantle266. 鞍垫:saddle blanket [pad]267. 鞍布:saddle cloth268. 马刺:spur269. 马镫:stirrup270. 马蹄铁:horseshoe271. 烙印:brand272. 跑[赛]马场:(race) course; turf273. 大跑马场:park274. 马球场:polo field275. 赛马跑道:race track; racing strip276. 障碍赛马跑道:steeplechase course277. 8字形障碍赛跑道:figure-of-eight track278. 花式骑术赛场:arena for dressage competition 279. 赛前鞍具着装场:paddock280. 准备活动区:warming-up area281. 出发门:(starting) gate282. 起跑位置:post position283. 起跑线:starting line284. 起跑屏障:barrier285. 起跑柱:starting post286. 终点线:finish line287. 终点柱:finish post288. 裁判台:judge box289. 标志旗:marking flag骑手装备290. 骑装:jockey dress [suit]; riding costume291. 女骑装:riding habit292. 骑马裤:(riding) breeches; jodhpurs293. 轻便鸭舌帽:jockey cap294. 骑手手套:riding glove295. 长[防护]手套:gauntlet296. 马靴:riding [high] boot297. 马鞭:(riding) whip; horsewhip; crop298. 赛马鞭子:racing bat饲养与调教299. 养马场:breeding farm300. 种马饲养场:stud(farm)301. 马房[厩]:stable302. 单间马房:stall; box303. 牲口棚:shed304. 草荐:litter305. 饲料:fodder; forage306. 饲槽:feed box; feeding trough307. 刷马:curry308. 马刷:body [horse] brush309. 兽医检查:veterinary examination310. 调教:break; school311. 未经调教的马:unbroken horse; bronco312. 经过调教的马:broken horse313. 调教场:lunge; longe314. 调教竿:rapping pole315.halt:立定316.pony:矮马317.stallon :公马318.mare:母马319.gelding:骟马320.foal:马驹321.colt:公驹322.filly:母驹320.siting trot:快步321.rising trot:轻快步322.Canter:跑步323.袭步gollop324.後退rein back325. 姿势position326. 白星white star327. 教练员instructor328. 唇白snip330. 细流星stripe331. 广流星blaze332. 比赛competition333. 白脸white face334.鞍垫numnah335. 蹄冠白ermine336. 调教索lunge rein337. 球节白sock338. 马靴boots339. 管白stocking340. 马裤breeches341. 表色马grey342. 调教笼头cavesson 344. 场地骑乘working on the flat 345. 骝毛马bay346. 场障碍jumping347. 银鬃palomino348. 盛装舞步dressage349. 金栗chestnut350. 斜换里怀chang the flat351. 转一圈turn a circle352. 兔褐dun353. 脱蹬your feets out of the stirrups 354. 断流星snip and star355. 蛇形骑乘serpentingloops 356.项部poll357. 马刺spurs358. 冠状部颈上有鬃毛处crest 359. 鞭子whip360. 耆甲withers361. 鞍具tack362. 水勒bridle363.腰角lions364.马鞍saddle365.後腿(后三肌)quarters366.缰绳reins367. 臀部croup368.衔铁bit369.马尾tail370. 咽喉革throatlash371.唇(上、下)muzzli372. 顶革headpiece373.肩point of shoulder374.额革browband375. 胸brest376.颊革cheek piece377.肘(前)elbow378.鼻革nose band379.前臂forearm380. 膝knee381. 脚後跟向下 heels down 382.球节(生距毛处)fetlock joint 383. 飞结chestnut384.半减却half halt385胫部cannon bone387.蹄冠coronet388.内方inside389.蹄hoof390. 外方outside391. 腰腹部(肚带部位)girth。
马术的英文怎么说
马术的英文怎么说马术比赛1900年首次进入奥运会,是奥运会中唯一一个男女同场竞技的比赛项目,作为一个团队,马匹和选手将共同获得奖牌和名次。
那么你知道马术的英文怎么说吗?下面店铺为大家带来马术的英文说法,供大家学习。
马术的英文说法1:horsemanship马术的英文说法2:equestrianism马术相关英文表达:马术学 Equine Studies集体马术 Group Horsemanship马术学院 Riding Academy马术培训 Equestrian Training马术师 horseman马术英文说法例句:1. I loved horses as a child and was a junior show jumper.我从小就爱马,曾是一名青少年马术障碍赛选手。
2. equestrian events at the Olympic Games奥林匹克运动会的马术比赛项目3. If you are eliminated in the show-jumping then you are out of the complete competition.如果在马术障碍赛中被淘汰,就意味着完全出局。
4. Britain's three-day event team has high hopes of winning the Olympic gold medal.英国队有很大希望赢得奥运会马术三日赛的金牌。
5. What is modern pentathlon? Equestrianism, fencing, swimming, shooting and cross - country race.现代五项是什么 ?马术、击剑、游泳、射击和越野跑.6. Which year was equestrian sport at the Olympic Games?哪一年开始举办马术项目? 1912年.7. We'll adjust your equine study according to your lessons, frequency and goal.我们将请根据您的课时、频率、目标来制定马术学习计划.8. Introduces the Olympic Equestrian Events and fun facts about horses.介绍奥运马术竞赛项目和马匹的有趣知识.9. Elsewhere , Delinda meets and falls for Cody Barnes, a handsome Rodeo champion.莲娜亦遇到心仪对象, 与一英俊马术冠军堕入爱河.10. One inverted, belly top, equestrian, scorpions crawling acrobatics is more realistic.其中倒立、肚顶、马术、蝎子爬等杂技表演更为逼真.11. For the first time, all the medalists in dressage were women.所有马术的奖牌获得者首次都是女性.12. The regularity of the paces is fundamental to dressage.规律的步伐是马场马术的基础.13. SPMs of 24 Yili horses were measured in the Urumchi equestrianism club.本文采用体尺细分法,测定了乌鲁木齐马术俱乐部24匹伊犁马19个细分体尺及1000m速度成绩.14. Do you want to reserve a ticket to the equestrian competition?你要订马术比赛的门票吗 ?15. It is a list of all of the past equestrianism winners.这是一份历届马术冠军名单.。
马术的专业用语
马术的专业用语骑马是很多人都向往和憧憬的一件事,那么马术有哪些专业术语呢?今天店铺给大家分享一些马术有哪些专业术语的相关知识,希望对大家有所帮助。
马术的专业术语巴沙基(passage)也称"高级快步"。
盛装舞步赛中规定步法。
两斜对肢交互起落一致,并间隔较长,前蹄的提起高度在着地一侧前肢脏骨的一半以上;后蹄抬起的高度稍高于另一后肢的距关节。
这种可快步,步幅紧凑,节奏鲜明.运步时马的臀部的冲动力明显,前膝和后膝的屈裕程度较大,并富有弹性。
扶助(aid)指骑手为了使马匹眼从并按照自己的意图行动,借助缰、脚、骑坐的操控,并使用马鞭、马刺、声音等诱导、鼓励和驱策的方法。
正扶助(natural aids)也称"自然扶助"。
指用缰、脚、骑坐控制马匹,使之按骑手意图行动。
半减却扶助( half aids)指骑手为了使马变换步法和步速,而预先施于马的扶助。
全减却扶助(all aid)指骑手施于马的扶助用来使马停止前进。
内方(inside)马的左、右侧分别被称为"内方"、"外方"。
内方姿势为:马头、颈采用受衔姿势,左层挠,马体以骑手内方脚(左脚)为中心,弯曲成弧形。
骑手仅能见马的左眼角。
外方姿势相反。
施缰(draw the rein)缰扶助之一。
两拳不离开原位,腕部向前外上方扭转,驱策马前进、加快和伸长步度。
开缰(leadingrein)缰扶助之一。
肘不离开上体,用拳和小臂向左或向右拉开缰,用于回转。
压缰(pressure)缰扶助之一。
持定一方缰,用另一方缰压马颈,使马回转、旋转和使马头同挠。
向左转时用右缰压马颈,右转则反之。
受衔(light mouth)指马匹愿意戴笼头和水勒。
或在运动时对缰和水勒的控制无抵抗行为。
屈挠(bend)指马头、颈、项、躯体及四肢等部位作出的柔软而优美的弯屈动作。
抗拒(resistace)指马匹在比赛中出现的停止且或多或少有回转,以及后腿直立等情形。
马术有哪些专业术语
马术有哪些专业术语马术的专业术语巴沙基(passage)也称"高级快步"。
盛装舞步赛中规定步法。
两斜对肢交互起落一致,并间隔较长,前蹄的提起高度在着地一侧前肢脏骨的一半以上;后蹄抬起的高度稍高于另一后肢的距关节。
这种可快步,步幅紧凑,节奏鲜明.运步时马的臀部的冲动力明显,前膝和后膝的屈裕程度较大,并富有弹性。
扶助(aid)指骑手为了使马匹眼从并按照自己的意图行动,借助缰、脚、骑坐的操控,并使用马鞭、马刺、声音等诱导、鼓励和驱策的方法。
正扶助(natural aids)也称"自然扶助"。
指用缰、脚、骑坐控制马匹,使之按骑手意图行动。
半减却扶助( half aids)指骑手为了使马变换步法和步速,而预先施于马的扶助。
全减却扶助(all aid)指骑手施于马的扶助用来使马停止前进。
内方(inside)马的左、右侧分别被称为"内方"、"外方"。
内方姿势为:马头、颈采用受衔姿势,左层挠,马体以骑手内方脚(左脚)为中心,弯曲成弧形。
骑手仅能见马的左眼角。
外方姿势相反。
施缰(draw the rein)缰扶助之一。
两拳不离开原位,腕部向前外上方扭转,驱策马前进、加快和伸长步度。
开缰(leadingrein)缰扶助之一。
肘不离开上体,用拳和小臂向左或向右拉开缰,用于回转。
向左转时用右缰压马颈,右转则反之。
受衔(light mouth)指马匹愿意戴笼头和水勒。
或在运动时对缰和水勒的控制无抵抗行为。
屈挠(bend)指马头、颈、项、躯体及四肢等部位作出的柔软而优美的弯屈动作。
抗拒(resistace)指马匹在比赛中出现的停止且或多或少有回转,以及后腿直立等情形。
无论什么时候或什么理由出现这种情形,均属抗拒。
收缩(systole)指马匹后体屈挠,跗关节弯曲,使后肢向前下方深踏,前肢起扬,头颈昂起重心后移,处于受衔状态。
马匹这种运动姿势,体态优雅,骑乘较为舒适。
田径词汇
田径词汇、田径类英语词汇跳远:long/broad jump三级跳:triple jump跳高:high jump长跑:long-distance race竞走:walking, walking race标枪:javelin throw铁饼:discus throw跨栏:hurdling马拉松赛跑:Marathon(race)五项全能:pentathlon七项全能:heptathlon十项全能:decathlon体操词汇、体操类英文词汇双杠:parallel bars单杠:horizontal bar跳马:vaulting horse鞍马:pommel horse平衡木:balance beam自由体操:flor/free exercises其他体育类词汇跆拳道:taekwondo柔道:judo摔跤:wrestling冰球运动:ice hockey冰上运动:ice sports滑水:water-skiing皮艇:canoeing击剑:fencing毽子:shuttlecock踢毽子:shuttlecock kicking举重:weightlifting垒球:softball手球:handball曲棍球:hockey; field hockey赛艇:rowing跳伞:parachuting保龄球:bowling赛马:horse race马术:equestrian sports航空运动aviation/air/flying sports奥运会词汇、奥运英语词汇奥林匹克火炬:Olympic torch奥林匹克圣火:Olympic flame奥林匹克誓词:Olympic oath奥运村:Olympic village奥运会城:Olympic city奥运项目:Olympic events奥运选手:Olympian东道国:host country国际奥委会:International Olympic Committee (IOC)国际奥委会主席:president of the IOC组织委员会:Organizing Committee会歌:anthem会徽:emblem会旗:flag of the games金牌:gold medal银牌:silver medal铜牌:bronze medal开幕式:opening ceremony闭幕式:closing ceremony口号:motto同一个世界,同一个梦想:One World, One Dream奥运会Olympic Games奥运会选拔赛Olympic trial国际奥委会International Olympic Committee奥运会会歌Olympic Anthem奥运火炬Olympic torch奥运会代表团Olympic delegation奥运村Olympic village组委会organization committee开幕式opening ceremony闭幕式closing ceremony吉祥物mascot颁奖台podium其次,我们通过一些句子来增强对奥运会的了解。
与“马”有关的体育运动
1. Equestrianism 马术
马术在1900年夏季奥运会中被列为正式比赛项目,如今的奥运会马术比赛包括三日赛(three-day eventing)、盛装舞步(dressage)和障碍赛(show jumping)三个项目。
这些项目最早都源于军事训练(military training),主要是为了训练马和骑兵的相互控制和平衡能力。
2. Horse racing 赛马
赛马是一项国际性的运动项目,几乎每个国家都有。
具体说来有三种形式:无障碍平地赛马(flat racing),越野障碍赛马(steeplechasing),轻驾车赛马(harness racing),即由马带着一个两轮车,骑士坐在两轮车上拉着马的缰绳控制马的速度而进行的比赛。
3. Polo 马球
在马球比赛中,马和骑在马上的运动员都是参与者(participants),需要共同配合来完成任务。
类似这样的项目还有马背格斗(jousting)和马背叼羊(buzkashi)。
4. Horse show 马展,马秀
全世界每年都会依照不同的马匹品种(horse breeds)和马术比赛项目(equestrian disciplines)举办马展。
多数马展都会有不同的表演系列,也就是分不同的级别(classes)进行,每个级别的获胜者都能获得奖金(prize money)。
更多学习资料请见美联英语学习网。
马术运动常用英语词汇47436
马术运动常用英语词汇马术运动障碍赛花式骑术Equestrian人员障碍赛花式骑术赛马马球运动赌马步法马匹场地旗手装备饲养与调教1.马术运动:equestrian sport2.马术比赛:equestrian competition event3.障碍赛:hurdle race; (steeple) chase4.超越障碍赛: show jumping5.盛装舞步;花式骑术:dressage6.三日赛;综合全能马术比赛:three-day event; complete competitive examination of horsemanship7.花式骑术测验:dressage test8.越野耐力测验:endurance test9.超越障碍测验:jumping test10.跳跃障碍测验:Puissance11.马场超越障碍赛:Stadium jumping competition12.放牧人竞技会:Rodeo13.马上技巧:Mounted gymnastics14.马术学校:Riding school [academy]人员15.马术运动员;骑手:equestrian; equestrienne (女); horseman; horsewoman (女); rider; jockey16.障碍赛骑手:Show jumper17.盛装舞步骑手:Dressage rider18.驯马师:horse-breaker [-master; -trainer]; bronco-buster19.障碍赛裁判员:Obstacle judge20.检查员:Patrol judge21.跑道检查员:Clerk of the course22.赛马工作人员:Steward23.饲养员:groom;Stableman24.马掌工:Blacksmith; Farrier障碍赛25.越过障碍:Jump26.起跳:Take off27.飞跃:Fly28.飞越:Leap29.轻触障碍:Tick30.漏跳:Omit an obstacle31.拒跳:Ba(u)lk32.踌躇(跳障碍前收住脚步):Dwell33.碰撞障碍:Knock down an obstacle34.绊跌:Stumble35.时间限制:Time limit36.障碍赛平分决胜:jump-off37.障碍:Obstacle; fence38.障碍宽度:Spread39.固定障碍:Solid obstacle40.简单障碍:Simple obstacle41.双重障碍:Double obstacles; in-and-out42.直立障碍:Vertical [straight] obstacle43.高宽混合障碍 high and broad obstacle44.平行杆障碍:Parallel poles45.双重平行杆障碍:Double parallel poles46.三重障碍:Triple bars47.平行三重障碍:Triple parallel bars48.木栅障碍:Railing; paling; Oxer; bars; post and rail obstacles 49.单栏障碍:Simple oxer50.蛇形木栅障碍:Snake fence51.宽围栏障碍:Spread fence52.屋顶形障碍:Chicken coop53.低墙障碍;土堤:Bank; knoll54.石墙障碍:Stone wall55.树篱障碍:Hedge; bullfinch56.窄篱[墙]障碍:Narrow stile57.篱沟障碍:Ditch and hedge58.树篱与木栅障碍:Brush and rails59.沟:Ditch; pit60.水沟障碍:Water-jump61.水沟带树篱障碍:Water jump with hedge花式骑术62.初级花式骑术:Elementary training; Campagne63.高级花式骑术:grand dressage; high school; haut ecole 64.立定:Attention65.前肢起扬:Levade; pesade66.后肢直立:Rear67.昂首跳步:Jigging68.原地快步:Trot in place69.斜横步:Two-track; half-pass; appuyer70.巴沙基;高级快报:Passage71.西班牙舞步;高级慢步:Spanish walk72.琵阿斐;原地高级步:Piaffe73.跳跃:Gambado75.原地腾跃:Capriole76.直立腾跃:Curvet; courbette77.旋转:Pivot78.后肢旋转:Pivot on the quarters; pirouette79.前肢旋转:Pivot on the forehand80.半旋转:Caracole81.后肢半旋转:Half-pirouette82.环骑:Volt(e)83.转圈(直径超过6米):Circle84.8字形:Eight; school figures赛马85.赛马:Horse race [racing]86.大赛马:Derby87.平地赛马(无障碍物):Flat race88.有奖赛马:Stakes race89.让步赛马:Handicap; allowance race90.负重减量:Alloance91.附加重量:Impost92.根据马匹年龄和赛程而附加的重量:Weight-for-age93.轻驾车赛:Hharness racing94.同时到达终点:dead heat95.领先一头的距离:head96.落选的马:also-ran97.马球运动:polo98.马球运动员:polo player; poloist99.马球队:quartet100.局:chukker101.前锋:forward102.前卫:halfback103.后卫:back104.球门裁判:goal umpire105.判胜一球:penalty goal106.原地罚球:free hit107.得球:right of way108.球行线:line of ball109.挤出球行线:ride off the ball110.向前击球:forestroke111.向后击球:backstroke112.右侧向前击球:offside forehand113.右侧向后击球:offside backhand114.左侧向前击球:nearside forehand115.左侧向后击球:nearside backhand116.马球杆:mallet; polo-stick117.赌马:gamble [bet] on horses118.赌博者:gambler; bettor; horse player119.登记赌注者:bookmaker; bookie120.赌注:bet; stake121.赔率:odds122.同注分彩赌博:parimutuel123.赛马内情简报:dope-[tip-]-sheet骑术124.骑术:art of riding; horsemanship; equestrianism; equestrian skill; equitation; jockeyship125.无鞍骑乘:ride bareback126.上马:get up; mount127.帮助上马:leg up128.下马:dismount129.骑坐姿势:riding posture; seat130.身体重心居中的骑坐姿势:park seat131.前倾骑坐:forward [balanced; hunting; modern; military] seat132.极度前倾骑坐:jockey seat133.古典骑坐姿势:academic [classical] seat134.顺随马的动作:go with the horse135.扶助指挥:aid136.自然扶助:natural aid; authorized assistance137.人工扶助:artificial aid; unauthorized assistance 138.控缰:draw the rein139.开控缰:leading [opening] rein140.颈上控缰:bearing [neck] rein141.反向直控缰:direct rein of opposition142.强力控缰:heavy-handed; mutton-fisted143.轻控缰绳:light-handed144.控马:collect a horse145.控马后退:rein back146.停住:halt147.控缰主导腿:active leg148.控缰支撑腿:passive leg149.落马:fall from the horse; come a cropper150.步法 [态]:gait151.自然步法:collected [natural] gait152.人工步(包括慢跑步、侧对步、破侧对步):artificial gait 153.侧[横]步:sidestep154.慢步:walk; short pace; jog trot155.自由慢步:free walk156.短慢步:short walk157.跑慢步:running walk158.侧对步:amble; pace; on the diagonal159.慢侧对步:slow gait; stepping pace160.破[花]侧对步:broken amble; rack; single foot161.快步:trot162.狐[小快]步:foxtrot163.骑手稳坐马鞍的小跑:sitting trot164.骑手随马起伏的小跑:rising trot165.慢快步:collected trot166.平稳快步:square trot167.缩短快步:slow trot168.慢跑步:canter; slow pace; hand gallop169.普通慢快跑:ordinary canter170.大步慢跑:lope171.反常跑步:counter canter; false lead172.飞奔;疾驰:gallop173.袭步:full [running] gallop174.狂奔:bolt; take the bit175.伸长步法:extended gait176.缩短步法:shortened gait177.碎步:choppy stride178.乱步:disunited gait179.两个蹄音的步法:two-beat gait180.三个蹄音的步法:three-beat gait181.四个蹄音的步法:four-beat gait182.善于五种步法的:five-gaited183.简单换步:simple change of legs184.空中换腿:flying change of legs马匹185.马:horse186.额毛:forelock187.马体前部:forequarters; front quarters188.马鬃:mane; crest189.马肩隆:withers190.马背:horseback191.颈础:base of neck192.脊背:back193.腹部:belly; abdomen; barrel194.胁:blank195.臀部:haunch; hind quarters; rump; croup(e); crump; crupper 196.前肢:forefoot; front foot; arm197.左前肢:left fore198.右前肢:right fore199.后肢:hind leg200.左后肢:left fore201.右前肢:right hind202.斜对肢:diagonal pair of legs203.飞[跗关]节:hock204.胫:shank; gaskin; second thigh205.距毛;球节:fetlock206.系部:pastern207.蹄:hoof; foot208.品种:breed209.谱系:pedigree210.纯种马:purebred; bloodstock211.英纯种马:thoroughbred212.阿拉伯马:Arab (horse); Arabian horse213.非纯种的:cold-blooded214.混血马:half-bred215.母马:mare; dam216.母驹(5岁以下):filly217.公驹(5岁以下):colt218.1-2岁的幼驹:yearling219.2-4岁的马:futurity220. 种马:stud horse221. 骟马:castrated horse; gelding222. 比赛用马:race horse; racer; bangtail; oat-burner223. 盛装舞步马:dressage horse224. 障碍赛用马:(show) jumper225. 越野障碍赛用马:chaser; hunter226. 球赛马:polo pony227. 轻挽马:harness horse228. 骑乘马:riding [saddle] horse; hackney; saddler229. 体形:conformation; quality230. 受衔姿势:collection231. 特征:marking; peculiarity232. 性格:disposition; temperament233. 敏感性:responsiveness234. 易惊的:shy; flighty; skittish235. 见人受惊的:manshy236. 易受惊的马:shyer237. 驯服性:obedience; suppleness; acceptance to the bridle 238. 受衔的:light-mouthed239. 不让装勒的:headshy240. 不服马嚼子的马:puller241. 易于驾驭的:light in hand242. 难驾驭的:reative243. 不驯从的:disobedient244. 难驯的马:bucking bronco; outlaw245. 弓背跳起(企图摔下骑手):buck jump246. 将骑手摔下来:throw [unseat] the rider247. 马具:harness; tackle; horse gear248. 口套;鼻笼:muzzle249. 嚼子;口衔:bit250. 马眼罩:blinders; blinkers; winkers251. 头勒:halter; headstall252. 顶革:headpiece; head strap253. 低头革:martingale254. 颊革:cheek piece [strap]255. 颈革:neck strap256. 鼻革:noseband257. 马肚带:girth; cinch; surcingle258. 缰绳:rein259. 控制缰:checkrein260. 鞍具:saddlery261. 马鞍:saddle262. 花式骑术马鞍:dressage saddle263. 鞍座:seat264. 前鞍桥:saddle bow; pommel265. 后鞍桥:high bow; cantle266. 鞍垫:saddle blanket [pad]267. 鞍布:saddle cloth268. 马刺:spur269. 马镫:stirrup270. 马蹄铁:horseshoe271. 烙印:brand272. 跑[赛]马场:(race) course; turf273. 大跑马场:park274. 马球场:polo field275. 赛马跑道:race track; racing strip276. 障碍赛马跑道:steeplechase course277. 8字形障碍赛跑道:figure-of-eight track 278. 花式骑术赛场:arena for dressage competition 279. 赛前鞍具着装场:paddock280. 准备活动区:warming-up area281. 出发门:(starting) gate282. 起跑位置:post position283. 起跑线:starting line284. 起跑屏障:barrier285. 起跑柱:starting post286. 终点线:finish line287. 终点柱:finish post288. 裁判台:judge box289. 标志旗:marking flag骑手装备290. 骑装:jockey dress [suit]; riding costume291. 女骑装:riding habit292. 骑马裤:(riding) breeches; jodhpurs293. 轻便鸭舌帽:jockey cap294. 骑手手套:riding glove295. 长[防护]手套:gauntlet296. 马靴:riding [high] boot297. 马鞭:(riding) whip; horsewhip; crop298. 赛马鞭子:racing bat饲养与调教299. 养马场:breeding farm300. 种马饲养场:stud(farm)301. 马房[厩]:stable302. 单间马房:stall; box303. 牲口棚:shed304. 草荐:litter305. 饲料:fodder; forage306. 饲槽:feed box; feeding trough307. 刷马:curry308. 马刷:body [horse] brush309. 兽医检查:veterinary examination310. 调教:break; school311. 未经调教的马:unbroken horse; bronco312. 经过调教的马:broken horse313. 调教场:lunge; longe314. 调教竿:rapping pole315.halt:立定316.pony:矮马317.stallon :公马318.mare:母马319.gelding:骟马320.foal:马驹321.colt:公驹322.filly:母驹320.siting trot:快步321.rising trot:轻快步322.Canter:跑步323.袭步gollop324.後退rein back325. 姿势position326. 白星white star327. 教练员instructor328. 唇白snip330. 细流星stripe331. 广流星blaze332. 比赛competition333. 白脸white face334.鞍垫numnah335. 蹄冠白ermine336. 调教索lunge rein337. 球节白sock338. 马靴boots339. 管白stocking340. 马裤breeches341. 表色马grey342. 调教笼头cavesson344. 场地骑乘working on the flat 345. 骝毛马bay346. 场障碍jumping347. 银鬃palomino348. 盛装舞步dressage349. 金栗chestnut350. 斜换里怀chang the flat351. 转一圈turn a circle352. 兔褐dun353. 脱蹬your feets out of the stirrups 354. 断流星snip and star355. 蛇形骑乘serpentingloops356.项部poll357. 马刺spurs358. 冠状部颈上有鬃毛处crest359. 鞭子whip360. 耆甲withers361. 鞍具tack362. 水勒bridle363.腰角lions364.马鞍saddle365.後腿(后三肌)quarters366.缰绳reins367. 臀部croup368.衔铁bit369.马尾tail370. 咽喉革throatlash371.唇(上、下)muzzli372. 顶革headpiece373.肩point of shoulder374.额革browband375. 胸brest376.颊革cheek piece377.肘(前)elbow378.鼻革nose band379.前臂forearm380. 膝knee381. 脚後跟向下heels down 382.球节(生距毛处)fetlock joint383. 飞结chestnut384.半减却half halt385胫部cannon bone387.蹄冠coronet388.内方inside389.蹄hoof390. 外方outside391. 腰腹部(肚带部位)girth。
骑马的技巧术语
骑马的技巧术语骑马的技巧术语包括:1. 稳定坐骑(Balance):保持稳定坐姿,使骑手的重心与马匹的重心保持平衡。
2. 转向(Turning):通过运用缰绳和腿部指令,使马匹转向指定的方向。
3. 加速(Speeding up):增加马匹的速度,使其行进更快。
4. 放慢(Slowing down):减缓马匹的速度,使其行进变慢。
5. 停止(Stopping):完全停下来,不再前进。
6. 发力(Engagement):马匹将后腿的动力转移到前腿,产生更强大的推力。
7. 打腿(Leg aids):用腿部指令来控制马匹的动作,如加速、转向等。
8. 合适的座位(Proper seat):正确的坐姿,使骑手与马匹的身体紧密接触,以便更好地掌控动作。
9. 缰绳(Reins):用来控制马匹的头部方向和速度。
10. 步态(Gaits):马匹不同的步伐,如步行(walk)、小跑(trot)、快跑(canter/gallop)等。
11. 倒马(Reversing):马匹向后行进,后腿先退,前腿后退。
12. 垂直变换(Vertical flexion):通过松弛大脖子肌肉使马匹转动颈部,将重心前移至马的后部。
13. 斜引(Leg yield):马匹沿着一条斜线行进,身体同时向内弯曲。
14. 平衡(Collection):马匹通过将重心前移至后腿,提高自己的瞪(cadence)和协调性。
15. 弯曲(Bending):马匹通过转动身体,使其头和颈部趋向内弯曲的行为。
16. 抬头(Head carriage):马匹通过顶住缰绳的压力,将自己的头抬起,使颈部和背部成一条直线,保持平衡。
17. 障碍跨越(Jumping):马匹通过弹跳的动作越过障碍物,如栏杆、沟渠等。
这些术语不仅可以在马术比赛或训练中使用,也可以帮助骑手与其他马术爱好者交流和分享经验。
马术 英文相关词汇
马术英文相关词汇
马术相关的英文词汇有很多,以下是一些常见的:
1.Horse Riding:骑马
2.Horsemanship:马术、骑术
3.Equitation:马术、骑术(比较正式的说法)
4.Pony Riding:小马骑乘
5.Dressage:盛装舞步(一种规定动作的马术比赛)
6.Show Jumping:场地障碍赛(一种马术比赛,马需要跳过一系列障碍)
7.Cross-Country:越野障碍赛(一种马术比赛,马需要在自然环境中跳过障碍)
8.Polo:马球(一种骑在马背上进行的球类运动)
9.Horse Training:驯马
10.Horse Grooming:马匹护理
11.Riding Gear:骑马装备
12.Saddle:马鞍
13.Bridle:马笼头
14.Stirrups:马镫
15.Horse Bit:马嚼子
16.Horse Whip:马鞭
17.Rider:骑手
18.Horse:马匹
以上是一些常见的与马术相关的英文词汇,希望对你有所帮助。
马术俱乐部的话术
马术俱乐部的话术
1.巴沙基(passage)也称"高级快步"。
盛装舞步赛中规定步法。
两斜对肢交互起落一致,并间隔较长,前蹄的提起高度在着地一侧前肢脏骨的一半以上;后蹄抬起的高度稍高于另一后肢的距关节。
这种可快步,步幅紧凑,节奏鲜明.运步时马的臀部的冲动力明显,前膝和后膝的屈裕程度较大,并富有弹性。
2.扶助(aid) 指骑手为了使马匹眼从并按照自己的意图行动,借助缰、脚、骑坐的操控,并使用马鞭、马刺、声音等诱导、鼓励和驱策的方法。
3.内方(inside):马的左、右侧分别被称为"内方"、 "外方"。
内方姿势为:马头、颈采用受衔姿势,左层挠,马体以骑手内方脚(左脚)为中心,弯曲成弧形。
骑手仅能见马的左眼角。
外方姿势相反。
4.4.抗拒(resistace):指马匹在比赛中出现的停止且或多或少有回转,以及后腿直立等情形。
无论什么时候或什么理由出现这种情形,均属抗拒。
马术项目英法中三语词汇对照
cannon canon管(马的前后肢部位名称)chanfr in chanfr ein 马的面额chestpoitra il 马的前胸(马具中套在马前胸的部分)chestn ut alezan栗色马chin barbe下巴coat robe 马的毛色coat colour couleu r de robe 毛色cold-bloode d horsecheval à sang froid冷血马courag e franch ise 勇气,胆气coyote dun louvet黄褐色的马crestbord supéri eur de l'encolu re 马鬃croupcroupe尻部curb sous-barbe马的下颌的前部curveof the back ensell ure 脊柱腰曲dapple d pommelé 有斑点的dapple-grey gris pommelé 有灰色或白色斑点的(马)dark bay bai foncé深骝毛defenc e résist ancedu cheval马的耐力diffic ult horsecheval rétif难以驯服的马匹disobe dienc e of the horsedésobéissan ce du cheval马匹的不驯从disuni ted désuni马的前后腿跑的不协调double chin sous-barbe双下巴drag fore legs (to)traîne r des antéri eurs前腿踏步dressa ge horsecheval de dressa ge 盛装舞步马dun isabel le ; café au lait 伊莎贝尔;咖啡加奶(灰褐色的马)E nglis h thorou ghbre d pur-sang anglai s 英纯血马ermine d w hitemarkin g balzan e herminée 类似貂皮的白色斑纹evadeof the hand (to)échapp er à la main 脱手(动词)evasio n of the hand défens e à la main ; résist anceà逃避骑手的手la maineventi ng horsecheval de concou rs comple t 三项赛马eyebro w arcade sourci lière眉弓farrie r maréch al-ferran t 钉掌师faw n fauve浅黄褐色fetloc k boulet马的球节flankflanc肋腹flap quarti er 马鞍的护肋forage fourra ge 饲料,草料forear m avant-bras 前膊前腿;前足forefo ot membre antéri eur ; piedantéri eurforeha nd avant-main ; antéri eurs马的前肢forele g antéri eur前肢forelo ck toupet马的额前垂鬃forequ arter s avant-main 前躯format ion of the legs aplomb s 马肢的形态frontleg membre antéri eur 前腿frontlegs bipède antéri eur马的前两足full stocki ng balzan e haut-chaussée 似长袜的白色斑纹gatedhorsecheval de selle法国骑乘马geldin g hongre骟马go lame (to)boiter跛行(动词)grey gris 灰色的groompalefr enier饲养员groom(to)panser给马刷毛,清洁Half-Arabia n demi-arabe半阿拉伯马half-bred demi-sang 半血马Hanove rianhanovr ien 汉诺威马haunch hanche后肢马的身高height of the horsehauteu r au garrot ; taille duchevalhind leg postér ieur后腿hind legs bipède postér ieur马的后两足hind limbspostér ieurs后腿hindfo ot membre postér ieur后腿,后足hindqu arter s arrièr e-main ; cuisse后躯hip hanche髋关节hock jarret跗关节(飞节)hoof sabot蹄受衔的马horse"on the bit"cheval "en main" ; cheval "sur lamain"horseh air crins马毛horses hoe fer ; fer à cheval马掌hot-bloode d horsecheval à sang chaud热血马Hungar ian Anglo-Arab horseanglo-arabehongro is 在匈牙利繁育的injure d horsecheval blessé受伤的马inside foot pied intéri eur内侧足interd ental spacebarre马的门齿与臼齿间的空隙interm andib ularregion auge 马下颚的凹处jaw bon e ganach e 马的下颌jib (to)dérobe r (se) (马在障碍物前的)退缩,避开(动词)kick (to)ruer 尥蹶子(动词)lame (to)boiter跛行(动词)lamene ss boiter ie 跛行(名词)latera l pair bipède latéra l 马的侧两足left pair diagon al gauche左斜对肢leg markin gs balzan e 腿上的识别lightbay cheval bai clair浅骝毛Lipizz anerlipizz an 利比扎马lipstr ap fausse gourme tte 马衔索loose(horse)délié松开的(马)Lusita no lusita nien卢西塔尼亚马mane crinière 马鬃mare jument牡马,母马mountmontur e 上马mousecolour ed souris鼠色的mouthp ieceembouc hure马嚼子衔在马嘴中的部分muzzle museau口鼻部;吻nape nuque项,颈背neck encolu re 马从头至髻甲的部分;颈长nervou sness nervos ité 紧张nose nez ; bout du nez鼻子nostri l naseau马的鼻孔obedie nce of the horseobéiss ance; soumis sion马的驯服Oldenb urger Oldenb ourg奥登堡马outsid e foot pied extéri eur外侧足paint(ed)pie 有花斑的白马partly w hitemarkin g balzan e incomp lète部分白色斑纹pass agains t the bit (to)allercontre le mors 抗衔paster n paturo n 马肢的系,马肢的球节与蹄之间的部分piebal d pie ; pie noir黑白花斑马Pintohorsepinto杂色马poll nuque项,颈背purebr ed pur-sang 纯种的purity of stride s pureté des allure s 步法的规范quarte rs hanche s 马蹄的任意一侧quietcalme安静,平静raised neck encolu re relevée 昂起的脖子rear (to)cabrer (se) (马)直立(动词)rearin g cabré(n.) ; cabrad e 直立的马refusa l refus拒跳拒跳refuse to jump (to)refuse r l'obstac le ; refuse r desauterremove the saddle (to)dessel ler 卸下鞍子(动词)resist ancedéfens e 抵抗性resist anceto the hand résist anceà la main ; défens e à抗拒骑手的手la mainridden horsemontur e 乘用马riding horsecheval de selle骑用马rightpair diagon al droit右斜对肢roan rouan黑、红棕、白毛相间的杂色的马rump croupe马的臀部run aw ay (to)emball er (s') 溜缰(动词)run out (to)dérobe r (se) 逃避runnin g-out déroba de 逃避shod ferré装蹄铁shoe (to)ferrer给打马掌should erépaule肩show jumper horsecheval d'obstac le 障碍赛用马受惊,害怕shy (to)effray er (s') ; prendr e peur ;dérobe r (se)skew ba ld (brow n/w hite)pie marron ; pie 栗色白色花斑马stalli onétalon牡马:未阉割的成年雄马,尤指用来繁殖后代的种马standaplomb四腿直立的姿势star pelote ; étoile马额上的白斑stifle grasse t 马的后膝back clothtapisde selle鞍褥bandag e bandag e ; bande绷带bank banque tte ; talus低墙障碍,土堤bar barre横杆bar bit mors à canondroit马笼头套在马口内的部分beddin g litièr e 垫料bell cloche钟birchoxer oxer de boulea u ; oxer carré桦树木栅障碍bit mors ; embouc hure嚼子,马衔blinke r oeillère 马眼罩bow of a saddle arçon马鞍bow ler hat chapea u melon; melon圆顶硬礼帽马裤breech es culott e d'équita tion; culott e dechevalbridle bride水勒Briton bridon ; filet轻便马笼头Briton bit mors de filet马嚼子,轻马衔brow ba nd fronta l 眉革brushhaie ; haie v ive 灌木丛brushand railshaie barrée带草丛的横杆障碍calk crampo n 马蹄铁底上的防滑尖铁cantle trouss equin马鞍子的后桥cap bombe帽子cavale tti cavale tti 用于训练马的高度可调整的栅栏障碍centre line lignemédian e 中线closed combin ation combin aison fermée封闭式组合障碍closed obstac le obstac le fermé封闭式障碍corner coin 边角course parcou rs 比赛路线course of obstac les parcou rs d'obstac les障碍路线crosse d polescroisi llon交叉杆crow np iecetêtièr e 马两颊的缰绳托杯cup suppor t (de la barred'obstac le) ;cuillèrecurb bit mors de bride一种有分叉的硬马嚼子curb chaingourme tte 马衔索(兜在马嘴下面用以控制马的链条)curb rein rêne de bride笼头缰绳curry-combétrill e 马梳design of the course tracédu parcou rs 路线设计ditchw ith railsfossébarré有木栅障碍的水沟double bridle bridecomplète 大勒combin aison double双重障碍double combin ation ; doublejumpdouble obstac le obstac le double ; double双障碍双关节马嚼double-jointe d mouthp ieceembouc hureà doublearticu latio ndraw rein enrêne ment副缰盛装舞步场地dressa ge arenacarrière de dressa ge ; manègede dressa ge ; "carré" dedressa gedropscontre bas土地的低处,洼地dry ditchfossésec 干沟equest rianfieldchamppour le saut d'obstac les 马术场地equi-boot cloche钟equipm ent harnac hemen t ; équipe ment马具exerci singring terrai n d'exerci ce ; pistede练习跑道travai lfeedin g bow l ; feedin g trough mangeo ire 食槽,食盆fenceobstac le ; barrière 障碍;栅栏fixedobstac le obstac le fixe 固定障碍frockcoat jaquet te 双排扣常礼服gallop ing trackpistede galop急速跑道gate porte; portai l 门girthsangle肚带girthplacepassag e de la sangle肚带girthstrapsanglo n 肚带的带grassarea pisteen herbe草地场地ground rail barreau sol 地杆ground-line barred'appel; ligned'appel地面起跳线guardr ail barred'appel护栏halter licol笼头harnes s harnai s ; harnac hemen t ;全套马具équipe mentheadpi ece ; headst all têtièr e 头革hedgehaie ; haie v ive 绿篱障碍hedgerail haie d'appel起跳障碍helmet casque头盔高障碍high obstac le obstac le haut ; obstac le enhauteu r ; obstac le vertic alholdin g area paddoc k ; enclos等待区hood capuch on 风帽horsebrushbrosse马刷horseclothcouver ture马毯hurdle obstac le ; barrière ; portai l 障碍栏indoor school manège couver t 室内驯马场inside arena; indoor arenamanège室内马场jacket vested'équita tion骑手的上衣jointe d mouthp iecemors à canonbrisé马笼头套在马口内的部分jumpin g saddle selled'obstac le 障碍赛马鞍knee roll faux quarti er膝垫lath lattede rivièr e 水沟障碍的木板条lead longe牵行lead saddle clothtapisde plomb置于马鞍下的铅板袋垫lead w eight clothtapisde selleplombé铅配重包level-crossi ng passag e à niveau平交路口litter litièr e 褥草,铺草long jump obstac le large跳远lungelonge调教索调教lunge(ing) w hip chambr ière打圈鞭lungin g ring pistede travai l à la longe调教圈martin galemartin gale马颔缰moundbutte土墩,土丘多重障碍multip le obstac les obstac les multip les ;combin aison (d'obstac les)nail a shoe (to)broche r un fer钉马蹄铁(动词)noseba nd musero lle 鼻革obstac le obstac le 障碍obstac le pole barred'obstac le 障碍杆open combin ation combin aison ouvert e 开放式组合障碍open ditchfosséouvert开口沟ordina ry riding-saddle selleclassi que ; sellesporti ve 普通马鞍outdoo r school carrière 室外教学场oxer oxer 双横木plankpalanq ue 板条障碍pole barre立柱pommel pommea u 前鞍桥post and rail obtacl e statio nata简单障碍race course pistede course跑道rail barre杆ramp talus斜面,斜坡rear arch trouss equin马鞍子的后桥rein rêne 缰绳rider's outfitéquipe mentdu cavali er 骑手用具riding boot botte(d'équita tion)马靴riding cap bombe骑手帽riding coat vested'équita tion骑手的上衣riding tailstenued'équita tion马术礼服rising oxer oxer montan t 上升双横木runnin g martin galemartin galeà anneau x 环形马颔缰saddle selle鞍saddle flap quarti er de la selle鞍裙边saddle pad matela ssure鞍垫saddle room seller ie 鞍具房,马具房saddle cloth tapisde selle鞍褥school ing area terrai n d'entraînemen t 训练场地shin boot guêtre护腿套shoe fer à cheval马蹄铁simple obstac le obstac le simple简单障碍skirtpetitquarti er短裙slopebutte斜坡slopin g w all mur avec plan incliné 斜面墙snaffl e ; snaffl e bridle filet; bridon马嚼子snaffl e bit mors de filet马嚼子,轻马衔snaffl e rein rêne de filet嚼子缰绳solidobstac le obstac le fixe ; obstac le en dur固定障碍solidvertic al fencepaliss ade 实心垂直障碍Spa railsbarres de Spa ; Spa Spa横杆spread obstac le obstac le large伸展障碍spuréperon马刺square oxer oxer carré宽与高相等的双横木stableécurie马厩stable bandag e bandede repos马房里用的绷带stallstalle单间马房steepascent montée raide; grimpe tte 陡坡step fencepiano超越障碍赛中的钢琴样土障stickcravac he 马鞭stirru pétrier马镫stirru p leathe r ; stirru p strapétrivière 吊马镫的皮带stockplastr on 胸甲,护胸直立障碍straig ht obstac le obstac le droit; obstac le enhauteu r ; obstac le vertic al ;"vertic al" (n.)stud crampo n 马蹄铁底上的防滑尖铁sunken road passag e en contre bas下陷路tab contre-sanglo n 腹带托革take-off pole barred'appel起跳杆tether longe拴马的绳索throat lasch sous-gorge喉革tie cravat e 领带大礼帽top hat chapea u haut-de-forme;haut-de-formetrackpiste跑道traini ng area pisted'entraînemen t ; manège ;调教场地carrière d'entraînemen t (à cielouvert)triple bars triple s barres三重障碍triple combin ation combin aison triple三重障碍triple obstac le obstac le triple ; triple三横木w all mur墙w armin g-up arenapistede détent e ; carrière,热身场地manège, pisted'échauf femen t (àciel ouvert)w armin g-up fieldterrai n d'échauf femen t ; paddoc k 热身场地w atercrossi ng passag e de gué 越水,跨水w aterditchobstac le d'eau 水沟w aterjump fosséd'eau ; rivièr e 水障w hip fouet; chambr ière马鞭wrap bande带fall ; fallin g chute摔倒fall from the horse(to)tomber de cheval跌落马下faultat obstac le fauteà l'obstac le 越障碍犯规faultcompet itionépreuv e aux points记点数的比赛fault-and-out relayrelais à l'améric aine美式接力FE I (Intern ation al E quest rianFedera tion)FE I (Fédéra tionÉquest reIntern ation ale)国际马术联合会fieldjury jury de terrai n 场地裁判finalw eighi ng peséefinale最终称重freest yle dressa ge dressa ge libre自由式盛装舞步freest yle test repris e libre自选科目ground jury jury de terrai n 场地裁判horsetrialconcou rs comple t 马术竞赛initia l w eighi ng peséeavantl'épreuv e ; peséeinitia le赛前称重;初始称重inspec t the course (to)reconn aître le parcou rs 勘测赛道Intern ation al E quest rianFedera tion(FEI)Fédéra tionÉquest reIntern ation ale (FEI)国际马术联合会interr upted time tempsd'interr uptio n 中断比赛时间judges' box tribun e du jury ; abri des juges裁判台jump judgejuge d'obstac le ; commis saired'obstac le障碍赛裁判员jump off barrag e 附加赛jumpin g compet ition ;jumpin g testépreuv e de saut d'obstac les 超越障碍比赛jumpin g eventconcou rs de saut d'obstac les 跳跃项目jumpin g rankin gs classe mentdes cavali ers desaut d'obstac les障碍赛排名jump-off roundépreuv e de barrag e 附加赛knockdow n a flag, a hurdle, an obstac le (to)renver ser un fanion, une haie,un obstac le碰倒一杆旗,一个栏,一个障碍knockdow n and out compet ition épreuv e par élimin ation ssucces sives掉杆就淘汰能力赛knocke d over obstac le obstac le renver sé碰倒的障碍late startdépart tardif出发过迟leavethe arena(to)quitte r la piste离开场地leavethe course (to)abando nnerle parcou rs 退出比赛(动词)line flag fanion de ligne标线旗marker letter lettre de repère标记字母markin g of the course jalonn ement du parcou rs 赛道标桩markin g system barème de notati on 计分方法obstac le faultfauteà l'obstac le 越障碍犯规障碍赛裁判员obstac le judgejuge d'obstac le ; commis saired'obstac leomit an obstac le (to)omettr e un obstac le 漏跳障碍(动词)option al course parcou rs facult atif可选路线orderof the obstac les ordredes obstac les 障碍顺序prelim inary entryengage mentprélim inair e 预报名premat ure startfaux départ ; départ prémat uré抢跑puissa nce compet itionépreuv e de puissa nce 跳跃障碍比赛quaran tinequaran taine检疫rap a horse(to)barrer un cheval轻拍马匹reachthe final(to)qualif ier pour la finale (se) 进入决赛(动词)rebuil d an obstac le (to)rétabl ir un obstac le 恢复一个障碍refusa l refus拒绝relayrelais (épreuv e) 接力repair man of obstac le contrôleurd'obstac le 障碍检查员repris e repris e 回合,局,次reserv e horsecheval de réserv e 备用马匹ride-off rappel检录riding high school haute-écoled'équita tion骑术学校road and tracks routie r 三项赛中的平地追踪阶段run-out dérobé (n.) 马在障碍物前的退缩,避开scheme of markin g barème (de notati on)计分表scratc h (to)abando nner退出比赛(动词)超越障碍比赛show jumpin g concou rs hippiq ue ; concou rs desaut d'obstac lesstarte r juge au départ发令员steepl echas e ; steepl e steepl e-chase三项赛中的障碍追逐阶段step back (to)recule r (devant l'obstac le) (在障碍前)后退stew ar d offici el ; commis saire赛事监管stoppi ng pointpointd'arrêt中止点ten-minute box box des dix minute s 十分钟栏test (dressa ge)repris e 科目(盛装舞步)time faultfautede temps时间犯规time limittempslimite时间限制artifi cialaid aide artifi ciell e 人工扶助at a long rein rêneslongue s 长缰at full gallop ; at full canter au grandgalop奔跑at the gallop ; at the canter au galop奔跑be abovethe bit (to)être au-dessou s de la main 抗衔be behind the bit (to)être en arrièr e de la main 避衔be on the bit (to)prendr e son mors受衔be over the bit (to)être en arrièr e de la main ; allerderrière le mors抗衔bend (to)incurv er 使弯曲(动词)bridle (to)brider给马套笼头canter right; canter left galopà droite ; galopà gauche跑步canter (to)galope r 向左跑;向右跑(动词)canter left (to) ; canter right(to)galope r à main gauche ; galope rà main droite左/右里怀跑步carria ge attitu de 姿态change bend (to)change r le pli 变更弯曲腿change hand (to)change r de main 换手change leg (to)change r de pied 换脚change of diagon al pair (to)change r de diagon al 变更斜对肢change of intent ion by riderchange mentd'intent ion ducavali er骑师意图的改变change of leg / of hand change mentde pied / de main 换脚/手change of leg everystride change mentde pied au temps每步换脚change of leg in the air change mentde pied en l'air空中换脚change pace (to)change r d'allure变更步法change rein (to) ; change of rein change r de main ; change mentde main换方向circle cercle圈乘circle decrea se réduct ion du cercle减小圈的直径circle increa se extens ion du cercle扩大圈的直径circle to the right/ to the left cercle à main droite / à maingauche向右转圈/向左转圈collec t (to)rassem bler马的收缩collec ted canter galoprassem blé 缩短跑步collec ted horsecheval rassem blé 让马收缩collec ted sittin g trot trot rassem blé assis缩短坐快步collec ted trot trot rassem blé 缩短快步collec ted w alk pas rassem blé 收缩慢步collec tionrassem blé (n.) ; ramené (n.)马的收缩confid enceconfia nce 信心contac t w ith the bit appui通过衔铁与马的联系contro l of the horsemaîtri se du cheval马匹的控制correc t use of the aids justeemploi des aides正确运用扶助指挥counte r-bendin g contre-change mentde main,épaule en dedans相反弯曲counte r-canter contre-galop; galopà faux 反腿跑步counte r-change of hand contre-change mentde main 反换手crop (to)croise r 马鞭croupa de croupa de 马后腿弯到腹部的跳跃cut across (to)croise r ; aborde r de biais抄近路通过cut the corner s (to)couper les coins不骑余角diagon al aid aide diagon ale 斜对肢扶助diagon al pace allure diagon ale ; pas endiagon ale斜对溜蹄diagon al pair bipède diagon al 斜对肢dismou nt (to)descen dre de cheval; mettrepied à terre下马(动词)displa y parade摆置disuni ted canter galopdésuni乱步divide d reinsrênesséparées 分缰double jump saut double双跳dressa ge canter galopde dressa ge 盛装舞步跑步dressa ge ridercavali er de dressa ge 盛装舞步骑手effect of reinseffetde rênes缰绳的效果effect of the aids effetdes aides扶助的效果eighthuit de chiffr e 8字形engage the hindqu arter s (to)chasse r 后躯踏进engage mentof the hindqu arter s engage mentde l'arrièr e-main ;engage mentdes postér ieurs后躯踏进eventi ng ridercavali er de concou rs comple t 三项赛骑手execut e piroue ttes(to)fairedes piroue ttes定后肢回旋(动词)extend (to)allong er ; étendr e 延伸(动词)extend ed canter galopallongé伸长跑步extend ed rising trot trot allongé enlevé跳姿伸长快步extend ed sittin g trot trot allongé assis坐姿伸长快步extend ed trot trot allongé 伸长快步extend ed w alk pas allongé 伸长慢步extern al aid aide artifi ciell e 人工扶助fall of horseand riderchutedu cheval et du cavali er马和骑师的摔倒falsecanter galopà faux 反腿跑步fast gallop galopallongé ; grandgalop飞跑feel one's horse(to)sentir son cheval感觉其马匹(动词)figure of eighthuit de chiffr e 8字形finish on the right(on the left) lead (to)termin er sur le pied droit(sur lepied gauche)(以左脚)右脚结束fit the bridle (to)brider给马套笼头flex (to)incurv er 柔曲flexio n placer (n.) 屈体flexio n of the horsepli du cheval ; incurv ation ducheval马的屈体fluenc y aisanc e 流畅flying change of leg change mentde pied en l'air空中换脚flying change of leg everystride change mentde pied au galopaux temps每步空中换脚flying change of leg in series change mentde pied en séries连续空中换脚footfa ll poser(n.)脚步,脚步声forw ar d seat assiet te en avant前倾骑坐free w alk pas libre自由慢步full pass pas de côté 横慢步gait allure步态,步法gallop galop马的奔跑,奔驰give (to)céder让出give a bridle (to) ; give rein (to)lâcher les rênes松开缰绳go w ith the horse(to)être avec le cheval ; suivre lesmouvem entsdu cheval ;accomp agner人马一体good hock action hanche s active s 有好的后肢动作half pass pas de côté 斜横步half-halt demi-arrêt; demi-parade半减却half-pass (to)appuye r ; tenirles hanche s 斜横步(动词)half-pass in canter (to)appuye r au galop慢跑步中的斜横步half-pass on the diagno nal (to)appuye r sur la diagon ale 斜对肢斜横步half-pass on the pre hand demi-volterenver sée 前肢斜横步half-turn demi-volte半圈乘halt arrêt; parade停住harmon ioususe of aids accord des aides扶助指挥的协调运用head to the w all hanche s en dedans ;tête au mur马的头部抵墙heel talon脚后跟height eningélévat ion 提升,升高high jump saut en hauteu r 跳高hock (to)engage r les postér ieurs ;engage r l'arrièr e-main为跨越而重心后移(动词)holdin g of the reinstenuedes rênes握住缰绳horsem an ; horsew omancavali er ; cavalière 男骑师/女骑师horsem anshi p qualité de l'équita tion骑术horse-ridercombin ation couple cheval-cavali er 人马组合influe nce of the rideron thehorseaction du cavali er sur le cheval马上骑师的动作influe nce w ith body, legs and handsaction du corps, des jambes etdes mains身体、腿和手的动作insura nce assura nce (du cheval ou ducavali er)(对马匹和骑师的)保险jab the horsein the mouthw ith the bit (to)donner des coupsdansla bouche du cheval戳马口jump (to)sauter跳跃(动词)jump ; jumpin g saut 跳跃jump closel y (to)approc her de l'obstac le (s') 接近障碍(动词)jumpin g effort saut ; effort de saut 跳跃jumpin g gait allure sautée跳跃步keep the horseon the aids (to)encadr er le cheval avec lesaides用扶助保持马的状态/使马接受扶助knee lean appuide genou曲膝landin g side côté récept ion 落地侧latera l moveme nt pas de côté ; travai l sur doublepiste偏行动作latera l pace allure latéra le 侧溜蹄latera l pair bipède latéra l 侧对肢leadin g rein rêne d'ouvert ure 引导缰left poisepositi on à gauche向左歪头的姿势leg-yieldi ng cessio n à la jambe偏横步length en (to)allong er ; étendr e 拉长(动词)loop boucle环,圈looserein rêneslongue s 松缰loosen the girth(to)dessan gler; relâch er la sangle松开肚带(动词)marchi ng pace allure marchée ; pas行进步medium canter galopmoyen中等跑步medium trot trot moyen中幅快步medium w alk pas moyen中速慢步moment of suspen siontempsde suspen sion暂停时间motion lessimmobi le 静止的,不动的mounte d on a horseen selle上马move forw ar d (to)porter en avant(se) 向前(动词)move off into a pace (to)rompre dans une allure迈步natura l aids aidesnature lles自然扶助off-beat contre-temps步调不一致on either side of the centre line de part et d'autrede la lignedumilieu在中线两侧on the bit en main ; sur la main ; dans lamain受衔ordina ry canter galopordina ire ; galopmoyen中幅跑步ordina ry sittin g trot trot moyenassis快步ordina ry trot trot ordina ire ; trot moyen快步ordina ry w alk pas nature l ; pas moyen普通慢步out of step contre-temps步调不一致pace of tw o, three, four timesallure à deux, trois, quatre temps二、三、四节拍的步法pass on the line (to)allerdroit直行passag e passag e 行进passiv e leg jambepassiv e 控缰支撑腿period of suspen siontempsde suspen sion暂停时间piaffe (to)piaffe r前蹄踢蹬piroue tte piroue tte 后肢旋转piroue tte at w alk piroue tte au pas 在慢步中后肢旋转piroue tte to the right( to the left, at the canter)piroue tte à droite (à gauche, augalop)向右(向左,在慢跑中)后肢旋转pivoton the foreha nd piroue tte renver sée 前肢旋转pivoton the hocks; pivotonthe haunch espiroue tte sur les hanche s 以臀部为轴心旋转pivoton the quarte rs piroue tte 后肢旋转plumbaplomb s 马四腿直立的姿势practi singover the obstac les essaides obstac les 试跳障碍procee d (to)partir ; rompre行进partir au galoprassem blé 收缩跑步行进procee d in collec ted canter(to)procee d in passag e (to)prendr e le passag e 以pull up (to)arrête r (s') 停下quarte rs-in hanche en dedans ; tête au mur后躯向内后躯向外quarte rs-outépaule s en dedans ; croupe aumurracing gallop galopde course奔跑比赛rein-back (to)recule r 勒马后退(动词)remoun t (to)remont er en selle重新上马renver s croupe au mur ; renver s 重心向外侧移(马术运动项目之一)ride in the diagon al (to)prendr e la diagno nale斜角骑行ride on the circle (to)monter sur le cercle圈乘ride side-saddle (to)monter en amazon e 侧坐(骑)(动词)ride to the obstac le (to)aborde r l'obstac le 接近障碍(动词)右侧上马ride to the right(to the left) (to)monter à main droite (à maingauche)ridercavali er / cavalière 男骑师/女骑师ridingéquita tion骑乘左/右里怀riding to the right(to the left)équita tionà main droite (à maingauche)rising trot trot enlevé轻快步run back (to)recule r 跑回(动词)saddle (to)seller上马鞍(动词)salute (to)saluer行礼school a horse(to)dresse r un cheval训练马匹(动词)school ing dressa ge 调教seat assiet te 骑坐姿势空中换脚serie(flying change of lead)série(change mentde pied enl'air)serpen tineserpen tine驯马蛇行shortcanter galopraccou rci 缩短跑步shortgallop galopcourt缩短跑步shortstep ; shortw alk pas raccou rci 短慢步shorttrot trot raccou rci 缩短快步shorte n the reins(to)raccou rcirles rênes缩短缰绳(动词)should er-inépaule en dedans肩内show jumper cavali er d'obstac le 场地障碍骑手/马sidest eps pas de côté 侧移简易换脚simple change of leg change mentde pied de fermeàferme; change mentde pied autempssimple change of leg change mentde pied au galop简易换脚sittin g trot trot assis坐姿快步slacke n the girth(to)dessan gler; relâch er la sangle松开肚带(动词)spread jump saut en largeu r 跳宽spur (to)éperon ner用马刺刺stance phaseappui始发姿态standto attent ion (to)arrête r ferme(s') ;停足effect uer un arrêtfrancstandi ng jump saut sans impuls ion ; saut de无助跑跳跃pied fermestartat canter départ au galop用跑步启动steady a horse(to)calmer un cheval使马镇静下来step pas 步子stride foulée步点,步子stride in approa ch battue d'appel马在障碍物前的四足最后着地submis sionsoumis sionau mors顺从supple souple柔软suspen sionplaner (n.) ; suspen sion暂停sw ingi ng balanc ement摆动马的臀部抵墙tail to the w allépaule s en dedans ; croupe aumurtake more room to jump (to)repren dre du champ需要更多空间起跳take off too far (to)prendr e son appeltrop tôt 起跳过远(动词)take-off battue d'appel; montée起跳take-off side côté de la battue起跳侧(左转)右转跑道trackto the right(to the left)pisteà main droite (à maingauche)train(to)entraîner 训练(动词)traini ng dressa ge (动物的)训练transi tionfrom w alk to trot passag e du pas au trop 从慢步转换为快步trot trot ; allure à deux temps快步trot (to)trotte r 快步(动词)。
马术运动常用英语词汇
马术运动常用英语词汇马术运动障碍赛花式骑术Equestrian人员障碍赛花式骑术赛马马球运动赌马步法马匹场地旗手装备饲养与调教马术运动:equestrian sport马术比赛:equestrian competition event障碍赛:hurdle race; (steeple) chase超越障碍赛:show jumping盛装舞步;花式骑术:dressage三日赛;综合全能马术比赛:three-day event; complete competitive examination of horsemanship花式骑术测验:dressage test越野耐力测验:endurance test超越障碍测验:jumping test跳跃障碍测验:Puissance马场超越障碍赛:Stadium jumping competition放牧人竞技会:Rodeo马上技巧:Mounted gymnastics马术学校:Riding school [academy]人员马术运动员;骑手:equestrian; equestrienne (女); horseman; horsewoman (女); rider; jockey障碍赛骑手:Show jumper盛装舞步骑手:Dressage rider驯马师:horse-breaker [-master; -trainer]; bronco-buster障碍赛裁判员:Obstacle judge检查员:Patrol judge跑道检查员:Clerk of the course赛马工作人员:Steward饲养员:groom;Stableman马掌工:Blacksmith; Farrier障碍赛越过障碍:Jump起跳:Take off飞跃:Fly飞越:Leap轻触障碍:Tick漏跳:Omit an obstacle拒跳:Ba(u)lk踌躇(跳障碍前收住脚步):Dwell碰撞障碍:Knock down an obstacle绊跌:Stumble时间限制:Time limit障碍赛平分决胜:jump-off障碍:Obstacle; fence障碍宽度:Spread固定障碍:Solid obstacle简单障碍:Simple obstacle双重障碍:Double obstacles; in-and-out直立障碍:Vertical [straight] obstacle高宽混合障碍high and broad obstacle平行杆障碍:Parallel poles双重平行杆障碍:Double parallel poles三重障碍:Triple bars平行三重障碍:Triple parallel bars木栅障碍:Railing; paling; Oxer; bars; post and rail obstacles 单栏障碍:Simple oxer蛇形木栅障碍:Snake fence宽围栏障碍:Spread fence屋顶形障碍:Chicken coop低墙障碍;土堤:Bank; knoll石墙障碍:Stone wall树篱障碍:Hedge; bullfinch窄篱[墙]障碍:Narrow stile篱沟障碍:Ditch and hedge树篱与木栅障碍:Brush and rails沟:Ditch; pit水沟障碍:Water-jump水沟带树篱障碍:Water jump with hedge花式骑术初级花式骑术:Elementary training; Campagne高级花式骑术:grand dressage; high school; haut ecole 立定:Attention前肢起扬:Levade; pesade后肢直立:Rear昂首跳步:Jigging原地快步:Trot in place斜横步:Two-track; half-pass; appuyer巴沙基;高级快报:Passage西班牙舞步;高级慢步:Spanish walk琵阿斐;原地高级步:Piaffe跳跃:Gambado原地腾跃:Capriole直立腾跃:Curvet; courbette旋转:Pivot后肢旋转:Pivot on the quarters; pirouette前肢旋转:Pivot on the forehand半旋转:Caracole后肢半旋转:Half-pirouette环骑:Volt(e)转圈(直径超过6米):Circle8字形:Eight; school figures赛马赛马:Horse race [racing]大赛马:Derby平地赛马(无障碍物):Flat race有奖赛马:Stakes race让步赛马:Handicap; allowance race负重减量:Alloance附加重量:Impost根据马匹年龄和赛程而附加的重量:Weight-for-age轻驾车赛:Hharness racing同时到达终点:dead heat领先一头的距离:head落选的马:also-ran马球运动:polo马球运动员:polo player; poloist马球队:quartet局:chukker前锋:forward前卫:halfback后卫:back球门裁判:goal umpire判胜一球:penalty goal原地罚球:free hit得球:right of way球行线:line of ball挤出球行线:ride off the ball向前击球:forestroke向后击球:backstroke右侧向前击球:offside forehand右侧向后击球:offside backhand左侧向前击球:nearside forehand左侧向后击球:nearside backhand马球杆:mallet; polo-stick赌马:gamble [bet] on horses赌博者:gambler; bettor; horse player登记赌注者:bookmaker; bookie赌注:bet; stake赔率:odds同注分彩赌博:parimutuel赛马内情简报:dope-[tip-]-sheet骑术骑术:art of riding; horsemanship; equestrianism; equestrian skill; equitation; jockeyship无鞍骑乘:ride bareback上马:get up; mount帮助上马:leg up下马:dismount骑坐姿势:riding posture; seat身体重心居中的骑坐姿势:park seat前倾骑坐:forward [balanced; hunting; modern; military] seat 极度前倾骑坐:jockey seat古典骑坐姿势:academic [classical] seat顺随马的动作:go with the horse扶助指挥:aid自然扶助:natural aid; authorized assistance人工扶助:artificial aid; unauthorized assistance控缰:draw the rein开控缰:leading [opening] rein颈上控缰:bearing [neck] rein反向直控缰:direct rein of opposition强力控缰:heavy-handed; mutton-fisted轻控缰绳:light-handed控马:collect a horse控马后退:rein back停住:halt控缰主导腿:active leg控缰支撑腿:passive leg落马:fall from the horse; come a cropper步法[态]:gait自然步法:collected [natural] gait人工步(包括慢跑步、侧对步、破侧对步):artificial gait侧[横]步:sidestep慢步:walk; short pace; jog trot自由慢步:free walk短慢步:short walk跑慢步:running walk侧对步:amble; pace; on the diagonal慢侧对步:slow gait; stepping pace破[花]侧对步:broken amble; rack; single foot快步:trot狐[小快]步:foxtrot骑手稳坐马鞍的小跑:sitting trot骑手随马起伏的小跑:rising trot慢快步:collected trot平稳快步:square trot缩短快步:slow trot慢跑步:canter; slow pace; hand gallop普通慢快跑:ordinary canter大步慢跑:lope反常跑步:counter canter; false lead飞奔;疾驰:gallop袭步:full [running] gallop狂奔:bolt; take the bit伸长步法:extended gait缩短步法:shortened gait碎步:choppy stride乱步:disunited gait两个蹄音的步法:two-beat gait三个蹄音的步法:three-beat gait四个蹄音的步法:four-beat gait善于五种步法的:five-gaited简单换步:simple change of legs空中换腿:flying change of legs马匹马:horse额毛:forelock马体前部:forequarters; front quarters马鬃:mane; crest马肩隆:withers马背:horseback颈础:base of neck脊背:back腹部:belly; abdomen; barrel胁:blank臀部:haunch; hind quarters; rump; croup(e); crump; crupper 前肢:forefoot; front foot; arm左前肢:left fore右前肢:right fore后肢:hind leg左后肢:left fore右前肢:right hind斜对肢:diagonal pair of legs飞[跗关]节:hock胫:shank; gaskin; second thigh距毛;球节:fetlock系部:pastern蹄:hoof; foot品种:breed谱系:pedigree纯种马:purebred; bloodstock英纯种马:thoroughbred阿拉伯马:Arab (horse); Arabian horse非纯种的:cold-blooded混血马:half-bred母马:mare; dam母驹(5岁以下):filly公驹(5岁以下):colt1-2岁的幼驹:yearling2-4岁的马:futurity种马:stud horse骟马:castrated horse; gelding比赛用马:race horse; racer; bangtail; oat-burner 盛装舞步马:dressage horse障碍赛用马:(show) jumper越野障碍赛用马:chaser; hunter球赛马:polo pony轻挽马:harness horse骑乘马:riding [saddle] horse; hackney; saddler 体形:conformation; quality受衔姿势:collection特征:marking; peculiarity性格:disposition; temperament敏感性:responsiveness易惊的:shy; flighty; skittish见人受惊的:manshy易受惊的马:shyer驯服性:obedience; suppleness; acceptance to the bridle受衔的:light-mouthed不让装勒的:headshy不服马嚼子的马:puller易于驾驭的:light in hand难驾驭的:reative不驯从的:disobedient难驯的马:bucking bronco; outlaw弓背跳起(企图摔下骑手):buck jump将骑手摔下来:throw [unseat] the rider马具:harness; tackle; horse gear口套;鼻笼:muzzle嚼子;口衔:bit马眼罩:blinders; blinkers; winkers头勒:halter; headstall顶革:headpiece; head strap低头革:martingale颊革:cheek piece [strap]颈革:neck strap鼻革:noseband马肚带:girth; cinch; surcingle缰绳:rein控制缰:checkrein鞍具:saddlery马鞍:saddle花式骑术马鞍:dressage saddle鞍座:seat前鞍桥:saddle bow; pommel后鞍桥:high bow; cantle鞍垫:saddle blanket [pad]鞍布:saddle cloth马刺:spur马镫:stirrup马蹄铁:horseshoe烙印:brand跑[赛]马场:(race) course; turf大跑马场:park马球场:polo field赛马跑道:race track; racing strip障碍赛马跑道:steeplechase course8字形障碍赛跑道:figure-of-eight track花式骑术赛场:arena for dressage competition赛前鞍具着装场:paddock准备活动区:warming-up area出发门:(starting) gate起跑位置:post position起跑线:starting line起跑屏障:barrier起跑柱:starting post终点线:finish line终点柱:finish post裁判台:judge box标志旗:marking flag骑手装备骑装:jockey dress [suit]; riding costume女骑装:riding habit骑马裤:(riding) breeches; jodhpurs轻便鸭舌帽:jockey cap骑手手套:riding glove长[防护]手套:gauntlet马靴:riding [high] boot马鞭:(riding) whip; horsewhip; crop赛马鞭子:racing bat饲养与调教养马场:breeding farm种马饲养场:stud(farm)马房[厩]:stable单间马房:stall; box牲口棚:shed草荐:litter饲料:fodder; forage饲槽:feed box; feeding trough刷马:curry马刷:body [horse] brush兽医检查:veterinary examination调教:break; school未经调教的马:unbroken horse; bronco经过调教的马:broken horse调教场:lunge; longe调教竿:rapping polehalt:立定pony:矮马stallon :公马mare:母马gelding:骟马foal:马驹colt:公驹filly:母驹siting trot:快步rising trot:轻快步Canter:跑步袭步gollop後退rein back姿势position白星white star教练员instructor唇白snip细流星stripe广流星blaze比赛competition白脸white face鞍垫numnah蹄冠白ermine调教索lunge rein球节白sock马靴boots管白stocking马裤breeches表色马grey调教笼头cavesson场地骑乘working on the flat骝毛马bay场障碍jumping银鬃palomino盛装舞步dressage金栗chestnut斜换里怀chang the flat转一圈turn a circle兔褐dun脱蹬your feets out of the stirrups 断流星snip and star蛇形骑乘serpentingloops项部poll马刺spurs冠状部颈上有鬃毛处crest鞭子whip耆甲withers鞍具tack水勒bridle腰角lions马鞍saddle後腿(后三肌)quarters缰绳reins臀部croup衔铁bit马尾tail咽喉革throatlash唇(上、下)muzzli顶革headpiece肩point of shoulder额革browband胸brest颊革cheek piece肘(前)elbow鼻革nose band前臂forearm膝knee脚後跟向下 heels down球节(生距毛处)fetlock joint 飞结chestnut半减却half halt胫部cannon bone蹄冠coronet内方inside蹄hoof外方outside腰腹部(肚带部位)girth。
马术词汇
flap马鞍的护肋forage饲料,草料forearm前膊forefoot前腿;前足forehand马的前肢foreleg前肢forelock马的额前垂鬃forequarters前躯formation of the legs马肢的形态front leg前腿front legs马的前两足full stocking似长袜的白色斑纹gated horse法国骑乘马gelding骟马go lame (to)跛行(动词)groom饲养员groom (to)给马刷毛,清洁Half-Arabian半阿拉伯马half-bred半血马Hanoverian汉诺威马haunch后肢height of the horse马的身高hind leg后腿hind legs马的后两足hind limbs后腿hindfoot后腿,后足hindquarters后躯hip髋关节hock跗关节(飞节)hoof蹄horse "on the bit"受衔的马horsehair马毛horseshoe马掌injured horse受伤的马inside foot内侧足jawbone马的下颌jib (to)(马在障碍物前的)退缩,避开bar bit马笼头套在马口内的部分bedding垫料bell钟birch oxer桦树木栅障碍bit嚼子,马衔blinker马眼罩bow of a saddle马鞍browband眉革brush灌木丛brush and rails带草丛的横杆障碍calk马蹄铁底上的防滑尖铁cantle马鞍子的后桥cavaletti用于训练马的高度可调整的栅栏障碍centre line中线closed combination封闭式组合障碍closed obstacle封闭式障碍corner边角course比赛路线course of obstacles障碍路线crossed poles交叉杆crownpiece马两颊的缰绳cup托杯curb bit一种有分叉的硬马嚼子curb chain马衔索(兜在马嘴下面用以控制马的链条)curb rein笼头缰绳ditch with rails有木栅障碍的水沟double bridle大勒双重障碍double combination ; doublejumpdouble obstacle双障碍draw rein副缰dressage arena盛装舞步场地drops土地的低处,洼地dry ditch干沟equestrian field马术场地galloping track急速跑道grass area草地场地ground rail地杆ground-line地面起跳线guardrail护栏halter笼头harness全套马具hedge绿篱障碍hedge rail起跳障碍helmet头盔high obstacle高障碍holding area等待区hood风帽horse brush马刷horse cloth马毯hurdle障碍栏inside arena ; indoor arena室内马场jacket骑手的上衣jointed mouthpiece马笼头套在马口内的部分jumping saddle障碍赛马鞍knee roll膝垫lath水沟障碍的木板条lead牵行lead saddle cloth置于马鞍下的铅板袋垫lead weight cloth铅配重包level-crossing平交路口litter褥草,铺草long jump跳远lunge调教索调教lunge(ing) whip打圈鞭lunging ring调教圈martingale马颔缰mound土墩,土丘multiple obstacles多重障碍nail a shoe (to)钉马蹄铁(动词)noseband鼻革obstacle pole障碍杆open combination开放式组合障碍open ditch开口沟ordinary riding-saddle普通马鞍oxer双横木plank板条障碍pole立柱pommel前鞍桥post and rail obtacle简单障碍race course跑道rail杆ramp斜面,斜坡rear arch马鞍子的后桥rider's outfit骑手用具riding tails马术礼服rising oxer上升双横木running martingale环形马颔缰saddle鞍saddle flap鞍裙边saddle pad鞍垫saddle room鞍具房,马具房saddlecloth鞍褥shin boot护腿套shoe马蹄铁simple obstacle简单障碍slope斜坡sloping wall斜面墙snaffle ; snaffle bridle马嚼子snaffle bit马嚼子,轻马衔snaffle rein嚼子缰绳solid obstacle固定障碍solid vertical fence实心垂直障碍Spa rails Spa横杆spread obstacle伸展障碍spur马刺square oxer宽与高相等的双横木stall单间马房steep ascent陡坡step fence超越障碍赛中的钢琴样土障endurance competition长距离耐力比赛enter a competitor (to)参赛报名equality of marks分数相同eventing三项赛exceed the time limit (to)超过时间限制fall ; falling摔倒fall from the horse (to)跌落马下fault at obstacle越障碍犯规fault competition记点数的比赛fault-and-out relay美式接力FEI (International Equestrian国际马术联合会Federation)field jury场地裁判final weighing最终称重freestyle dressage自由式盛装舞步freestyle test自选科目ground jury场地裁判initial weighing赛前称重;初始称重inspect the course (to)勘测赛道interrupted time中断比赛时间judges' box裁判台jump judge障碍赛裁判员jump off附加赛jumping event跳跃项目jumping rankings障碍赛排名jump-off round附加赛knock down a flag, a hurdle,碰倒一杆旗,一个栏,一个障碍an obstacle (to)掉杆就淘汰能力赛knock down and outcompetitionknocked over obstacle碰倒的障碍late start出发过迟leave the arena (to)离开场地leave the course (to)退出比赛(动词)line flag标线旗marker letter标记字母marking of the course赛道标桩marking system计分方法obstacle fault越障碍犯规obstacle judge障碍赛裁判员omit an obstacle (to)漏跳障碍(动词)optional course可选路线order of the obstacles障碍顺序preliminary entry预报名premature start抢跑puissance competition跳跃障碍比赛quarantine检疫rap a horse (to)轻拍马匹reach the final (to)进入决赛(动词)rebuild an obstacle (to)恢复一个障碍refusal拒绝relay接力repairman of obstacle障碍检查员reprise回合,局,次reserve horse备用马匹ride-off检录riding high school骑术学校road and tracks三项赛中的平地追踪阶段run-out马在障碍物前的退缩,避开scheme of marking计分表scratch (to)退出比赛(动词)show jumping超越障碍比赛starter发令员steeplechase ; steeple三项赛中的障碍追逐阶段step back (to)(在障碍前)后退steward赛事监管stopping point中止点ten-minute box十分钟栏time fault时间犯规time limit时间限制time of resistance不服从的时间time of round一圈时间time penalty时间罚分touch an obstacle (to)接触障碍unauthorized assistance未经许可的辅助行为be over the bit (to)抗衔bend (to)使弯曲(动词)bridle (to)给马套笼头canter right ; canter left跑步canter (to)向左跑;向右跑(动词)左/右里怀跑步canter left (to) ; canter right(to)carriage姿态change bend (to)变更弯曲腿change hand (to)换手change leg (to)换脚change of diagonal pair (to)变更斜对肢change of intention by rider骑师意图的改变change of leg / of hand换脚/手change of leg every stride每步换脚change of leg in the air空中换脚change pace (to)变更步法circle圈乘circle decrease减小圈的直径circle increase扩大圈的直径circle to the right / to the left向右转圈/向左转圈collect (to)马的收缩collected canter缩短跑步collected horse让马收缩collected sitting trot缩短坐快步collected trot缩短快步collected walk收缩慢步collection马的收缩contact with the bit通过衔铁与马的联系control of the horse马匹的控制correct use of the aids正确运用扶助指挥counter-bending相反弯曲counter-canter反腿跑步counter-change of hand反换手crop (to)马鞭croupade马后腿弯到腹部的跳跃cut across (to)抄近路通过cut the corners (to)不骑余角diagonal aid斜对肢扶助diagonal pace斜对溜蹄diagonal pair斜对肢dismount (to)下马(动词)display摆置disunited canter乱步divided reins分缰double jump双跳dressage canter盛装舞步跑步dressage rider盛装舞步骑手effect of reins缰绳的效果effect of the aids扶助的效果eight8字形engage the hindquarters (to)后躯踏进engagement of the后躯踏进hindquarterseventing rider三项赛骑手execute pirouettes (to)定后肢回旋(动词)extend (to)延伸(动词)extended canter伸长跑步extended rising trot跳姿伸长快步extended sitting trot坐姿伸长快步extended trot伸长快步extended walk伸长慢步external aid人工扶助fall of horse and rider马和骑师的摔倒false canter反腿跑步fast gallop飞跑feel one's horse (to)感觉其马匹(动词)figure of eight8字形(以左脚)右脚结束finish on the right (on the left)lead (to)fit the bridle (to)给马套笼头flex (to)柔曲flexion屈体flexion of the horse马的屈体flying change of leg空中换脚每步空中换脚flying change of leg everystrideflying change of leg in series连续空中换脚footfall脚步,脚步声forward seat前倾骑坐free walk自由慢步full pass横慢步gait步态,步法gallop马的奔跑,奔驰give (to)让出give a bridle (to) ; give rein (to)松开缰绳go with the horse (to)人马一体good hock action有好的后肢动作half pass斜横步half-halt半减却half-pass (to)斜横步(动词)half-pass in canter (to)慢跑步中的斜横步half-pass on the diagnonal (to)斜对肢斜横步half-pass on the pre hand前肢斜横步half-turn半圈乘halt停住harmonious use of aids扶助指挥的协调运用head to the wall马的头部抵墙heel脚后跟heightening提升,升高high jump跳高hock (to)为跨越而重心后移(动词)holding of the reins握住缰绳horse-rider combination人马组合influence of the rider on the马上骑师的动作horse身体、腿和手的动作handsinsurance(对马匹和骑师的)保险戳马口jab the horse in the mouthwith the bit (to)jump (to)跳跃(动词)jump closely (to)接近障碍(动词)jumping effort跳跃jumping gait跳跃步keep the horse on the aids (to)用扶助保持马的状态/使马接受扶助knee lean曲膝landing side落地侧lateral movement偏行动作lateral pace侧溜蹄lateral pair侧对肢leading rein引导缰left poise向左歪头的姿势leg-yielding偏横步lengthen (to)拉长(动词)loop环,圈loose rein松缰loosen the girth (to)松开肚带(动词)marching pace行进步medium canter中等跑步medium trot中幅快步medium walk中速慢步moment of suspension暂停时间motionless静止的,不动的move forward (to)向前(动词)move off into a pace (to)迈步natural aids自然扶助off-beat步调不一致在中线两侧on either side of the centrelineon the bit受衔ordinary canter中幅跑步ordinary sitting trot快步ordinary trot快步ordinary walk普通慢步out of step步调不一致pace of two, three, four times二、三、四节拍的步法pass on the line (to)直行passage行进passive leg控缰支撑腿period of suspension暂停时间piaffe (to)前蹄踢蹬pirouette后肢旋转pirouette at walk在慢步中后肢旋转pirouette to the right ( to the left, at the canter)向右(向左,在慢跑中)后肢旋转pivot on the forehand前肢旋转pivot on the hocks ; pivot onthe haunches以臀部为轴心旋转pivot on the quarters后肢旋转plumb马四腿直立的姿势practising over the obstacles试跳障碍proceed (to)行进proceed in collected canter(to)收缩跑步行进proceed in passage (to)以pull up (to)停下quarters-in后躯向内quarters-out后躯向外racing gallop奔跑比赛rein-back (to)勒马后退(动词)remount (to)重新上马renvers重心向外侧移(马术运动项目之一)ride in the diagonal (to)斜角骑行ride on the circle (to)圈乘ride side-saddle (to)侧坐(骑)(动词)ride to the obstacle (to)接近障碍(动词)ride to the right (to the left) (to)右侧上马rider男骑师/女骑师riding骑乘riding to the right (to the left)左/右里怀rising trot轻快步run back (to)跑回(动词)saddle (to)上马鞍(动词)salute (to)行礼schooling调教seat骑坐姿势serie (flying change of lead)空中换脚serpentine驯马蛇行short canter缩短跑步short gallop缩短跑步short step ; short walk短慢步short trot缩短快步show jumper场地障碍骑手/马sidesteps侧移simple change of leg简易换脚simple change of leg简易换脚sitting trot坐姿快步slacken the girth (to)松开肚带(动词)spread jump跳宽spur (to)用马刺刺stance phase始发姿态stand to attention (to)停足standing jump无助跑跳跃start at canter用跑步启动steady a horse (to)使马镇静下来step步子stride步点,步子stride in approach马在障碍物前的四足最后着地submission顺从supple柔软suspension暂停swinging摆动tail to the wall马的臀部抵墙take more room to jump (to)需要更多空间起跳take off too far (to)起跳过远(动词)take-off起跳take-off side起跳侧track to the right (to the left)(左转)右转跑道transition from walk to trot从慢步转换为快步trot a horse (to)令马快步走,小跑true canter正腿跑步turn (to)转向turn on the forehand前肢旋转turn round (to)掉头turn to the right / to the left (to)向右/左转unsaddle (to)卸下马鞍(动词)use of aids使用扶助use of the reins控制缰绳volte环骑volte (to)环骑(动词)volte before a fence在障碍前环骑volte on the course在赛场上环骑volte to the right / to the left右转环骑/左转环骑whip stroke一鞭work from behind (to)后躯发力work on two tracks双跑道训练working canter工作跑步working trot工作快步yielding马匹或骑手的转让。
马场马术知识点总结
马场马术知识点总结1. 马场马术的基本要素马场马术是一项高度技术化的运动,它要求骑手和马之间有着良好的默契和协调。
在马场马术比赛中,一般包括三个项目:dressage(舞步)、Show Jumping(跳马)和Cross Country(越野赛)。
其中,dressage强调马术的技巧和精准度,骑手需要配合马匹完成一系列的动作,这需要双方有着良好的沟通和协调;Show Jumping则要求骑手和马匹连续跳越一系列固定高度的栏杆,需要骑手有着敏捷的反应和马匹有着强健的体魄;Cross Country则是在自然地形中进行,要求马匹和骑手在通过各种障碍时保持速度和控制。
2. 马术比赛规则在马场马术比赛中,有一系列的规则需要骑手和马匹遵守。
例如,在dressage比赛中,骑手需要按照规定的动作和顺序完成舞步,马匹需要保持良好的姿势和配合骑手完成各种动作;在Show Jumping比赛中,骑手需要在规定的时间内完成跳越,马匹需要保持平稳的速度和控制;在Cross Country比赛中,骑手和马匹需要在通过各种自然地形和障碍时保持速度和控制。
此外,比赛中还有一系列的裁判规则和得分标准,骑手和马匹需要根据这些规则和标准来进行比赛。
3. 骑手技术要求在马场马术比赛中,骑手的技术水平对比赛成绩有着很大的影响。
优秀的骑手需要具有良好的马术基本功和卓越的驾驭技巧。
例如,在dressage比赛中,骑手需要具有良好的坐姿和身体控制能力,能够配合马匹完成各种动作;在Show Jumping比赛中,骑手需要具有敏捷的反应和良好的平衡能力,能够稳定地完成跳越;在Cross Country比赛中,骑手需要具有良好的应变能力和勇敢的精神,能够在各种自然地形和障碍中保持速度和控制。
除此之外,骑手还需要具有良好的比赛心态和对马匹的理解能力,能够在比赛中保持冷静和沉着。
4. 马匹训练要求马场马术比赛中,马匹的训练水平同样对比赛成绩有着很大的影响。
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奥运英语体育词汇马术运动障碍赛花式骑术等Equestrian人员障碍赛花式骑术赛马马球运动赌马步法马匹场地旗手装备饲养与调教1.马术运动:equestrian sport2.马术比赛:equestrian competition event3.障碍赛:hurdle race; (steeple) chase4.超越障碍赛:show jumping5.盛装舞步;花式骑术:dressage6.三日赛;综合全能马术比赛:three-day event; complete competitive examination of horsemanship7.花式骑术测验:dressage test8.越野耐力测验:endurance test9.超越障碍测验:jumping test10.跳跃障碍测验:Puissance11.马场超越障碍赛:Stadium jumping competition12.放牧人竞技会:Rodeo13.马上技巧:Mounted gymnastics14.马术学校:Riding school [academy]人员15.马术运动员;骑手:equestrian; equestrienne (女); horseman; horsewoman (女); rider; jockey16.障碍赛骑手:Show jumper17.盛装舞步骑手:Dressage rider18.驯马师:horse-breaker [-master; -trainer]; bronco-buster19.障碍赛裁判员:Obstacle judge20.检查员:Patrol judge21.跑道检查员:Clerk of the course22.赛马工作人员:Steward23.饲养员:groom;Stableman24.马掌工:Blacksmith; Farrier障碍赛25.越过障碍:Jump26.起跳:Take off27.飞跃:Fly28.飞越:Leap29.轻触障碍:Tick30.漏跳:Omit an obstacle31.拒跳:Ba(u)lk32.踌躇(跳障碍前收住脚步):Dwell33.碰撞障碍:Knock down an obstacle34.绊跌:Stumble35.时间限制:Time limit36.障碍赛平分决胜:jump-off37.障碍:Obstacle; fence38.障碍宽度:Spread39.固定障碍:Solid obstacle40.简单障碍:Simple obstacle41.双重障碍:Double obstacles; in-and-out42.直立障碍:Vertical [straight] obstacle43.高宽混合障碍high and broad obstacle44.平行杆障碍:Parallel poles45.双重平行杆障碍:Double parallel poles46.三重障碍:Triple bars47.平行三重障碍:Triple parallel bars48.木栅障碍:Railing; paling; Oxer; bars; post and rail obstacles 49.单栏障碍:Simple oxer50.蛇形木栅障碍:Snake fence51.宽围栏障碍:Spread fence52.屋顶形障碍:Chicken coop53.低墙障碍;土堤:Bank; knoll54.石墙障碍:Stone wall55.树篱障碍:Hedge; bullfinch56.窄篱[墙]障碍:Narrow stile57.篱沟障碍:Ditch and hedge58.树篱与木栅障碍:Brush and rails59.沟:Ditch; pit60.水沟障碍:Water-jump61.水沟带树篱障碍:Water jump with hedge花式骑术62.初级花式骑术:Elementary training; Campagne63.高级花式骑术:grand dressage; high school; haut ecole64.立定:Attention65.前肢起扬:Levade; pesade66.后肢直立:Rear67.昂首跳步:Jigging68.原地快步:Trot in place69.斜横步:Two-track; half-pass; appuyer70.巴沙基;高级快报:Passage71.西班牙舞步;高级慢步:Spanish walk72.琵阿斐;原地高级步:Piaffe73.跳跃:Gambado75.原地腾跃:Capriole76.直立腾跃:Curvet; courbette77.旋转:Pivot78.后肢旋转:Pivot on the quarters; pirouette79.前肢旋转:Pivot on the forehand80.半旋转:Caracole81.后肢半旋转:Half-pirouette82.环骑:Volt(e)83.转圈(直径超过6米):Circle84.8字形:Eight; school figures赛马85.赛马:Horse race [racing]86.大赛马:Derby87.平地赛马(无障碍物):Flat race88.有奖赛马:Stakes race89.让步赛马:Handicap; allowance race90.负重减量:Alloance91.附加重量:Impost92.根据马匹年龄和赛程而附加的重量:Weight-for-age 93.轻驾车赛:Hharness racing94.同时到达终点:dead heat95.领先一头的距离:head96.落选的马:also-ran97.马球运动:polo98.马球运动员:polo player; poloist99.马球队:quartet100.局:chukker101.前锋:forward102.前卫:halfback103.后卫:back104.球门裁判:goal umpire105.判胜一球:penalty goal106.原地罚球:free hit107.得球:right of way108.球行线:line of ball109.挤出球行线:ride off the ball110.向前击球:forestroke111.向后击球:backstroke112.右侧向前击球:offside forehand113.右侧向后击球:offside backhand114.左侧向前击球:nearside forehand115.左侧向后击球:nearside backhand116.马球杆:mallet; polo-stick117.赌马:gamble [bet] on horses118.赌博者:gambler; bettor; horse player119.登记赌注者:bookmaker; bookie120.赌注:bet; stake121.赔率:odds122.同注分彩赌博:parimutuel123.赛马内情简报:dope-[tip-]-sheet骑术124.骑术:art of riding; horsemanship; equestrianism; equestrian skill; equitation; jockeyship125.无鞍骑乘:ride bareback126.上马:get up; mount127.帮助上马:leg up128.下马:dismount129.骑坐姿势:riding posture; seat130.身体重心居中的骑坐姿势:park seat131.前倾骑坐:forward [balanced; hunting; modern; military] seat132.极度前倾骑坐:jockey seat133.古典骑坐姿势:academic [classical] seat134.顺随马的动作:go with the horse135.扶助指挥:aid136.自然扶助:natural aid; authorized assistance137.人工扶助:artificial aid; unauthorized assistance 138.控缰:draw the rein139.开控缰:leading [opening] rein140.颈上控缰:bearing [neck] rein141.反向直控缰:direct rein of opposition142.强力控缰:heavy-handed; mutton-fisted143.轻控缰绳:light-handed144.控马:collect a horse145.控马后退:rein back146.停住:halt147.控缰主导腿:active leg148.控缰支撑腿:passive leg149.落马:fall from the horse; come a cropper150.步法[态]:gait151.自然步法:collected [natural] gait152.人工步(包括慢跑步、侧对步、破侧对步):artificial gait 153.侧[横]步:sidestep154.慢步:walk; short pace; jog trot155.自由慢步:free walk156.短慢步:short walk157.跑慢步:running walk158.侧对步:amble; pace; on the diagonal159.慢侧对步:slow gait; stepping pace160.破[花]侧对步:broken amble; rack; single foot161.快步:trot162.狐[小快]步:foxtrot163.骑手稳坐马鞍的小跑:sitting trot164.骑手随马起伏的小跑:rising trot165.慢快步:collected trot166.平稳快步:square trot167.缩短快步:slow trot168.慢跑步:canter; slow pace; hand gallop169.普通慢快跑:ordinary canter170.大步慢跑:lope171.反常跑步:counter canter; false lead172.飞奔;疾驰:gallop173.袭步:full [running] gallop174.狂奔:bolt; take the bit175.伸长步法:extended gait176.缩短步法:shortened gait177.碎步:choppy stride178.乱步:disunited gait179.两个蹄音的步法:two-beat gait180.三个蹄音的步法:three-beat gait181.四个蹄音的步法:four-beat gait182.善于五种步法的:five-gaited183.简单换步:simple change of legs184.空中换腿:flying change of legs马匹185.马:horse186.额毛:forelock187.马体前部:forequarters; front quarters188.马鬃:mane; crest189.马肩隆:withers190.马背:horseback191.颈础:base of neck192.脊背:back193.腹部:belly; abdomen; barrel194.胁:blank195.臀部:haunch; hind quarters; rump; croup(e); crump; crupper 196.前肢:forefoot; front foot; arm197.左前肢:left fore198.右前肢:right fore199.后肢:hind leg200.左后肢:left fore201.右前肢:right hind202.斜对肢:diagonal pair of legs203.飞[跗关]节:hock204.胫:shank; gaskin; second thigh205.距毛;球节:fetlock206.系部:pastern207.蹄:hoof; foot208.品种:breed209.谱系:pedigree210.纯种马:purebred; bloodstock211.英纯种马:thoroughbred212.阿拉伯马:Arab (horse); Arabian horse213.非纯种的:cold-blooded214.混血马:half-bred215.母马:mare; dam216.母驹(5岁以下):filly217.公驹(5岁以下):colt218.1-2岁的幼驹:yearling219.2-4岁的马:futurity220. 种马:stud horse221. 骟马:castrated horse; gelding222. 比赛用马:race horse; racer; bangtail; oat-burner223. 盛装舞步马:dressage horse224. 障碍赛用马:(show) jumper225. 越野障碍赛用马:chaser; hunter226. 球赛马:polo pony227. 轻挽马:harness horse228. 骑乘马:riding [saddle] horse; hackney; saddler229. 体形:conformation; quality230. 受衔姿势:collection231. 特征:marking; peculiarity232. 性格:disposition; temperament233. 敏感性:responsiveness234. 易惊的:shy; flighty; skittish235. 见人受惊的:manshy236. 易受惊的马:shyer237. 驯服性:obedience; suppleness; acceptance to the bridle 238. 受衔的:light-mouthed239. 不让装勒的:headshy240. 不服马嚼子的马:puller241. 易于驾驭的:light in hand242. 难驾驭的:reative243. 不驯从的:disobedient244. 难驯的马:bucking bronco; outlaw245. 弓背跳起(企图摔下骑手):buck jump 246. 将骑手摔下来:throw [unseat] the rider247. 马具:harness; tackle; horse gear248. 口套;鼻笼:muzzle249. 嚼子;口衔:bit250. 马眼罩:blinders; blinkers; winkers251. 头勒:halter; headstall252. 顶革:headpiece; head strap253. 低头革:martingale254. 颊革:cheek piece [strap]255. 颈革:neck strap256. 鼻革:noseband257. 马肚带:girth; cinch; surcingle258. 缰绳:rein259. 控制缰:checkrein260. 鞍具:saddlery261. 马鞍:saddle262. 花式骑术马鞍:dressage saddle263. 鞍座:seat264. 前鞍桥:saddle bow; pommel265. 后鞍桥:high bow; cantle266. 鞍垫:saddle blanket [pad]267. 鞍布:saddle cloth268. 马刺:spur269. 马镫:stirrup270. 马蹄铁:horseshoe271. 烙印:brand272. 跑[赛]马场:(race) course; turf273. 大跑马场:park274. 马球场:polo field275. 赛马跑道:race track; racing strip276. 障碍赛马跑道:steeplechase course277. 8字形障碍赛跑道:figure-of-eight track278. 花式骑术赛场:arena for dressage competition 279. 赛前鞍具着装场:paddock280. 准备活动区:warming-up area281. 出发门:(starting) gate282. 起跑位置:post position283. 起跑线:starting line284. 起跑屏障:barrier285. 起跑柱:starting post286. 终点线:finish line287. 终点柱:finish post288. 裁判台:judge box289. 标志旗:marking flag骑手装备290. 骑装:jockey dress [suit]; riding costume291. 女骑装:riding habit292. 骑马裤:(riding) breeches; jodhpurs293. 轻便鸭舌帽:jockey cap294. 骑手手套:riding glove295. 长[防护]手套:gauntlet296. 马靴:riding [high] boot297. 马鞭:(riding) whip; horsewhip; crop298. 赛马鞭子:racing bat饲养与调教299. 养马场:breeding farm300. 种马饲养场:stud(farm)301. 马房[厩]:stable302. 单间马房:stall; box303. 牲口棚:shed304. 草荐:litter305. 饲料:fodder; forage306. 饲槽:feed box; feeding trough307. 刷马:curry308. 马刷:body [horse] brush309. 兽医检查:veterinary examination310. 调教:break; school311. 未经调教的马:unbroken horse; bronco312. 经过调教的马:broken horse313. 调教场:lunge; longe314. 调教竿:rapping pole。