英语国家概况PPT_美国教育体制简介

A wave of educational • By the mid-1980s, a wave of educational reform swept the country and people found little impact soon • So put forward proposals to carry at these goal, as follow : • 1>ensuring that all pre-schoolers entered school ready to learn ; • 2>improving the nation's high-school graduation rate to at least 90 precent ; • 3>requiring students to demonstrate pompetency inEnglish,mathemstics,science,history,and geography; • 4>making American students first in the world in math and science achievement; • 5>elimimating drugs and violence from school; • 6>ensuring that all adult Americans were literate.
The public school • The great majority of American students go to public schools ,which are supported by taxpayers and free for student.The revenue to operate schools primarily come from states and localities. The public school ,usually lager in size,are created,financially supported and governed by state or communities .The same is true for decisions about the school curricula,teacher standards and certifications,and the overall measurement of student progress.
(3)The diversity characteristicof American
• The American education inculde a lot of things ,such as ,the tpe,the size,control of the instiutions,the education policies and practices. • There is not a national system of edcuation in the USA .The federal government influences education and contributes financially to its development,but it has no control over education policy and practice across the states.
American education system
Education In The USA
• (一)characteristics of American Education • (二)Elemenyary and Secondary Education
• (三)Higher Education
• (四)Education Reforms in the US
Education Reforms in the US
• After WWⅡ，American education has undergone great the reforms . • In the 1980 ,the problem in education again drew the attention of many people.In 1983 ,a report entitled "A nation at risk"decline of educational standards and put forward five proposals : • 1>that all student gratuating from high school completewhat was term as the"new basics " • 2>that school at all levels expect higher acievement • 3>that more time be devoted to teaching the new basis • 4>that the preparation of teachers be strengthened • 5>those citizens require their elected represatative to support and fund these reforms
The impact • Several years have passed,some improvements have been made in American school, bue students'achievement in subject shows no improvement ,one of the governors said that the goal were difficult to achieve and that there was a long way to go ,
The private school • The rest of students attend private schools,most of which need certain amount of tuition fees from the parents.Private schools are run by religious groups,private organisations or individuals, where religious teaching is a part of the curricula in addition to the normal courses of reading, mathematics,history,geogra phy and science
Elementary and Secondary education
•
Elementary education refer to grades 1~6,the secondary education generally refers to grades 9~12 which is also called "high school".However,in many districts,secondary education includes both grades 7~9 which is called "junior high school"and grades 10~12 which is called "senior high school".Secondary education in the US also includes vocational schools and technical schools.
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(2)The position about the Education in the USA
• The education is regarded as both an individual benefit and a social necessity and every American has the right and obligation to get education .The majority of Americans firmly believe that the future of the nation depends larges on education
characteristics of American Education
• (1)The origin about the Education of the USA • Education in American can be tracked back to the puritans in the early 17th century,they think every person should be able to read the Bible(圣 经） .In1634 they opened a "Lain grammar“ school for those who wanted to proper for college; in 1636,Hardy was founded for the training of religious ministers . • During 1630s -1640s,Laws were passed for compulsory education for all children and public taxation for schools.
Higher education
• Americans esteem higher education as most of them belive that education is necessary for maintaining a democratic government as well as for a good income. For some careers such as law,medicine,engineering,etc.a college education is a must. • Higher education in the USA began with the founding of Harvard College in 1636. • It is reported that the successful applicants at such colleges are usually chosen in the basis of their high school record;recommendations from their high school teachers;the impression they make during interview at the university;their sores on the SAT. • Since the 1970s and 1980s ,there has been a trend away from the traditional liberal arts and pure science.Instead,students become mire vocation-oriented.In the early 1990s ,more than half Bachelor's degrees were conferred in majors such as business and management ,computer and information science ,education and engineering.