简明语言学教程第4章Syntax解析

The most central categories to the syntactic study are the word-level categories. (traditionally, parts of speech)
1. How many word classes do you know about? ① traditional categories: n., v., adj., adv., prep., conj., aux., pronoun…. ② non-traditional categories: determiner (Det限定词),
限定词), degree words (Deg程度词), qualifier (Qual修饰 语) and so on. (P43)
1. definition for phrase categories Syntactic units that are built around a certain word categபைடு நூலகம்ry are called phrase categories, such as NP(N), VP(V), AP(A), PP(P).

3. the generative approach (生成学派)； 4. the functional approach (功能学派). American linguists A. N. Chomsky (1928-)

Category (P42) refers to a group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb.

Since Sentence is regarded as the largest grammatical unit of a language, syntax has long been the centre of grammatical study. Different linguistics theories first differ in their treatment of sentence structure. 1. the traditional approach (传统学派)； 2. the structure approach (结构主义学派)；
Chapter 4 Syntax

The word Syntax, derived from Greek, is made up of 2 morphemes: {syn} and {tax}. together ”, and the The former means “_________ to arrange ”. latter “___________
degree words (Deg程度词), qualifier (Qual修饰语).
2. What are the criteria to determine a word’s categories? ① meaning; ② inflection; ③distribution. Note: The most reliable criterion of determining a word’s category is its distribution. 3. What are major/minor lexical categories?
In linguistics, Syntax (句法学) is a branch that studies how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences. To put it simple, it is the study of the formation of sentences.
① Major lexical categories are often assumed to be the heads (中心语/中心成分) around which phrases are built: n., v., adj. and prep.. ② Minor lexical categories include: determiner (Det
the generative 1. word-level categories approach 2. phrase categories (生成学派) 3. sentences

The term category in some approaches refers to classes and functions in its narrow sense, e.g. noun, verb, subject, predicate, noun phrase, verb phrase, etc.. More specifically, it refers to the defining properties of these general units： the categories of the nouns, for example, include number, syntax categories gender, case and countability; (句法范畴) and of the verb, for example, tense, aspect, voice, etc..
2. two levels NP Det A N girl phrase level
the pretty
P45, please draw tree word level diagrams for the other 3 phrases.