人类文明历史英文介绍
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[See tables: Earliest Domestication of Animals/Plants]
NaturaБайду номын сангаас Resource: Animals
[Table of Domesticated Animals] • Uses??
– food, clothing, hunting, transportation, traction
• [No new animals domesticated until after the Industrial Revolution.] • Compare New World to Old World. • Why such an imbalance of useful domesticatable animals available?
• Lived as hunter gatherers. • No evidence of farming/herding before
Holocene.
Arriving in The New World
• “Clovis” people
– Broke from Mongoloid population living in Siberia. – Already adapted to arctic conditions
• as shown by fossil bones
• 50,000 BC: Cro-Magnons (“Mentally Modern”)
• as shown by archaeology
• 8,000 BC: First signs of settled life • 4,000 BC: Written record begins
>15,000 BC 8,000 BC 8,000 BC 8,000 BC 7,500 BC 6,000 BC 6,000 BC 4,000 BC 4,000 BC 4,000 BC 3,500 BC 3,500 BC 3,500 BC 2,500 BC 1,000 BC
• Entered North/South America via land-bridge on Bering Strait.
• Exact timing is known because of “airlock” effect. • Tremendous boom! Spread from Alaska to
Tierra del Fuego in less than 1000 years.
– Mass extinction of large land mammals
The Pace of Civilization
• 10,000 BC: End of last Ice Age
• Humans had reached every habitable area. • Everyone has roughly the same lifestyle: hunter-
• [Necessary for domestication:]
– Pack behavior – dominance heirarchy – Able to live in dense groups – Willing to breed in captivity – Usually herbivorous – Usually relatively large (>50 lbs) (often the same animals you’d hunt)
Ice Core Sample
Early Migration of Humans
Early Migration of Humans
[See Migration Map]
• Long before the last Ice Age, people were already spread out through most of Eurasia, Africa, and Australia.
Who Had What, and Why?
• Mesopotamia • Egypt • Indus River • China • Mesoamerica • Andes • hunter-gatherers:
– Southern Africa – Australia / New Guinea – Northern / Western Europe – North Asia
– Luck-of-the-Draw or Mass Extinction – Why weren’t Old World animals hunted to extinction?
Earliest Domestication of Animals
Dog Sheep Goat Pig Silkworm Cow Cat Horse Donkey Water buffalo Turkey Llama/Alpaca Guinea Pig Camel Chicken
A History of Human Civilization
Jeff Feasel 17 Feb 2006
What we’ll learn
• Brief overview of human history. • What does the archeological record show? • Discuss which factors contributed to
human civilization.
When Did Human History Happen?
[See Timeline]
• 200,000 BC: Split from all other Homonid species
• 100,000 BC: Anatomically Modern Humans
gatherer.
• 1400-1600 AD: European Expansion
• Guns vs. Spears
• Why did civilization proceed so much faster in some parts of the world than in others?
• And what does this tell us about civilization?
NaturaБайду номын сангаас Resource: Animals
[Table of Domesticated Animals] • Uses??
– food, clothing, hunting, transportation, traction
• [No new animals domesticated until after the Industrial Revolution.] • Compare New World to Old World. • Why such an imbalance of useful domesticatable animals available?
• Lived as hunter gatherers. • No evidence of farming/herding before
Holocene.
Arriving in The New World
• “Clovis” people
– Broke from Mongoloid population living in Siberia. – Already adapted to arctic conditions
• as shown by fossil bones
• 50,000 BC: Cro-Magnons (“Mentally Modern”)
• as shown by archaeology
• 8,000 BC: First signs of settled life • 4,000 BC: Written record begins
>15,000 BC 8,000 BC 8,000 BC 8,000 BC 7,500 BC 6,000 BC 6,000 BC 4,000 BC 4,000 BC 4,000 BC 3,500 BC 3,500 BC 3,500 BC 2,500 BC 1,000 BC
• Entered North/South America via land-bridge on Bering Strait.
• Exact timing is known because of “airlock” effect. • Tremendous boom! Spread from Alaska to
Tierra del Fuego in less than 1000 years.
– Mass extinction of large land mammals
The Pace of Civilization
• 10,000 BC: End of last Ice Age
• Humans had reached every habitable area. • Everyone has roughly the same lifestyle: hunter-
• [Necessary for domestication:]
– Pack behavior – dominance heirarchy – Able to live in dense groups – Willing to breed in captivity – Usually herbivorous – Usually relatively large (>50 lbs) (often the same animals you’d hunt)
Ice Core Sample
Early Migration of Humans
Early Migration of Humans
[See Migration Map]
• Long before the last Ice Age, people were already spread out through most of Eurasia, Africa, and Australia.
Who Had What, and Why?
• Mesopotamia • Egypt • Indus River • China • Mesoamerica • Andes • hunter-gatherers:
– Southern Africa – Australia / New Guinea – Northern / Western Europe – North Asia
– Luck-of-the-Draw or Mass Extinction – Why weren’t Old World animals hunted to extinction?
Earliest Domestication of Animals
Dog Sheep Goat Pig Silkworm Cow Cat Horse Donkey Water buffalo Turkey Llama/Alpaca Guinea Pig Camel Chicken
A History of Human Civilization
Jeff Feasel 17 Feb 2006
What we’ll learn
• Brief overview of human history. • What does the archeological record show? • Discuss which factors contributed to
human civilization.
When Did Human History Happen?
[See Timeline]
• 200,000 BC: Split from all other Homonid species
• 100,000 BC: Anatomically Modern Humans
gatherer.
• 1400-1600 AD: European Expansion
• Guns vs. Spears
• Why did civilization proceed so much faster in some parts of the world than in others?
• And what does this tell us about civilization?