人类文明历史英文介绍
介绍人文学科英语作文
介绍人文学科英语作文英文回答：Introduction to Humanities.Humanities is an interdisciplinary field of study that encompasses the critical examination of human culture, history, literature, art, and philosophy. It explores the human condition from different perspectives, seeking to understand our experiences, values, and beliefs.Objectives of Humanities.The primary objectives of humanities are to:Enhance critical thinking skills.Develop an understanding of different cultures and belief systems.Foster empathy and understanding of human experiences.Promote cultural literacy and appreciation.Encourage self-reflection and personal growth.Core Disciplines.Humanities encompass a wide range of disciplines, including:History: Examines the past to understand present and future events.Literature: Explores human experiences through written works, including fiction, poetry, and drama.Art: Studies visual, musical, and performing arts, analyzing their cultural significance and impact.Philosophy: Examines fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, and ethics.Religion: Explores the beliefs and practices of different religious traditions.Importance of Humanities.Humanities are essential for understanding human civilization and its complexities. They provide:A Foundation for Informed Citizenship: Humanities graduates are equipped with critical thinking skills, empathy, and cultural literacy, enabling them to engage in informed discussions and participate in civic life.Personal Fulfillment: Humanities courses enrich our lives by exposing us to diverse perspectives and fostering personal reflection, leading to self-discovery and growth.Professional Success: Humanities skills are highly valued in various fields, such as communication, problem-solving, and cultural sensitivity.Challenges in Humanities.The humanities face certain challenges, including:Funding Cuts: Universities and funding agencies often prioritize STEM subjects over humanities programs.Technological Impact: Social media and technology have influenced how people consume and engage with humanities content.Polarization: Political and cultural divides have sometimes led to a lack of constructive dialogue within humanities disciplines.Despite these challenges, humanities remain a vital and ever-evolving field, offering invaluable insights into human nature and the world around us.中文回答：人文科学介绍。
人类简史中英双语
人类简史中英双语人类简史（Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind）是以色列历史学家尤瓦尔·赫拉利（Yuval Noah Harari）所著的一本畅销书，该书于2014年首次出版。
以下是该书的简介：中文版简介：这本书探讨了人类从石器时代到21世纪的发展历程。
赫拉利通过对考古学、生物学和历史学的综合研究，提出了一种关于人类进化和文明发展的新观点。
他认为，人类之所以能够在地球上取得如此巨大的成功，是因为我们具备了想象力和合作的能力。
他还讨论了人类文明的三个重要革命：农业革命、工业革命和科技革命，并探讨了这些革命对人类社会的影响。
最后，他提出了一些关于未来发展的思考，包括人类可能面临的挑战和机遇。
英文版简介：This book explores the development of human beings from the Stone Age to the 21st century. Through a comprehensive study of archaeology, biology, and history, Harari presents a new perspective on human evolution and the development of civilization. He argues that the reason why humans have been so successful on Earth is due to our ability to imagine and cooperate. He also discusses the three important revolutions of human civilization: the agricultural revolution, the industrial revolution, and the technological revolution,and explores the impact of these revolutions on human society. Finally, he offers some thoughts on future developments, including the challenges and opportunities that humans may face.。
人类史前文明【英文】
Venus of Willendorf, Paleolithic Europe relief stone carving, 30,000-15,000 B.C.E.
Stone Age axe heads. What would prehistoric people need or use axes for?
– Written records
• Newspapers, diaries, journals, letters, books
– Oral records
• Interviews, radio
– Visual records
• Paintings, drawings, film, television
• Dwellings, burial sites, artifacts
– Biological sources
• Genetics, diffusion theory, evolutionary theory
Origins of Humanity
• The origins of modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens) is a hotly debated topic. • Ideas have changed over time and differ from culture to culture and person to person. • Broad range of theories from intelligent design to Darwinian evolution. • Scientists believe modern humans first appeared around 200,000 B.C.E. in southern Africa.
人类文明产生的发展历程
人类文明产生的发展历程英文回答：The development of human civilization has been a long and complex journey that spans thousands of years. From the earliest civilizations to the modern world, humans have made significant progress in various aspects of life, including technology, culture, and social organization.One of the key milestones in human civilization was the development of agriculture. This marked the transition from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to a settled agricultural society. With the discovery of farming techniques, humans were able to cultivate crops and domesticate animals, leading to a more stable and predictable food supply. This allowed for the growth of permanent settlements and the development of complex social structures.Another major development was the invention of writing systems. The ability to record information and communicatethrough written language greatly facilitated the exchange of knowledge and ideas. Ancient civilizations such as the Sumerians, Egyptians, and Chinese developed their own writing systems, which enabled them to document their history, laws, and religious beliefs.The advancement of technology has also played a crucial role in the development of human civilization. The invention of the wheel, for example, revolutionized transportation and trade. It allowed for the movement of goods and people over long distances, leading to the exchange of goods and ideas between different regions. Similarly, the invention of the printing press in the 15th century by Johannes Gutenberg transformed the way information was disseminated, making books more accessible and contributing to the spread of knowledge.In addition to these advancements, the development of political systems and institutions has shaped the course of human civilization. From ancient empires like the Roman Empire to modern democracies, different forms of governance have emerged throughout history. These systems haveinfluenced the distribution of power, the protection of individual rights, and the organization of society.Furthermore, cultural and artistic achievements have also played a significant role in shaping human civilization. From the construction of monumentalstructures like the Great Wall of China and the Pyramids of Egypt to the creation of masterpieces in literature, painting, and music, human creativity has left a lasting impact on the world. These cultural expressions not only reflect the values and beliefs of a society but also serve as a means of communication and expression.In conclusion, the development of human civilization has been driven by a combination of factors including agriculture, technology, politics, and culture. Each of these aspects has contributed to the progress and evolution of human society. From the early agricultural settlements to the modern technological era, humans have continuously strived for improvement and innovation, shaping the world we live in today.中文回答：人类文明的发展历程是一个漫长而复杂的旅程，跨越了数千年的时间。
介绍历史和文化的英文作文
介绍历史和文化的英文作文英文：As a history and culture enthusiast, I find it fascinating to explore the rich and diverse tapestry of human civilization. History is like a time machine that allows us to travel back in time and understand the events, people, and cultures that have shaped the world we live in today.One of the most interesting periods in history for meis the Renaissance in Europe. This was a time of great cultural and intellectual growth, with advancements in art, science, and philosophy. The Renaissance produced some of the most iconic figures in history, such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Galileo. Their contributions toart and science have had a lasting impact on the world.Another period that I find intriguing is ancient China during the Han Dynasty. This was a time of great prosperityand innovation, with advancements in technology, agriculture, and governance. The Han Dynasty also saw the rise of Confucianism as the dominant ideology, which has had a profound influence on Chinese culture and society.In addition to exploring specific historical periods, I am also fascinated by the cultural traditions and customs of different societies. For example, I am intrigued by the concept of "face" in Chinese culture, which emphasizes the importance of preserving one's reputation and dignity in social interactions. This cultural value has a significant impact on the behavior and communication styles of individuals in Chinese society.Furthermore, I am drawn to the rich tapestry offolklore and mythology that exists in various cultures around the world. These stories often reflect the values, beliefs, and fears of a society, and provide insights into the human experience across different time periods and geographical locations.In conclusion, history and culture are essentialcomponents of the human experience, and I am passionate about delving into the complexities and nuances of these subjects. By studying history and culture, we can gain a deeper understanding of the world and the people who inhabit it, and appreciate the diversity and richness of human civilization.中文：作为一个热爱历史和文化的人，我发现探索人类文明的丰富多样的画卷非常迷人。
bbc纪录片文明英文解说词
BBC纪录片《文明》的英文解说词在纪录片《文明》中，主持人Kelsey Grammer以一种生动、流畅的方式带领观众探索人类文明的历史和多样性。
他经常使用比较和对比的手法，将不同文化、不同时期的历史事件和人物进行比较，以揭示人类文明的共性和差异。
1. "Civilization is a complex web of human interactions and creations that has shaped our world. It is a story of ideas, innovations, and achievements that have transformed our lives."2. "From the pyramids of Egypt to the Great Wall of China, from the Taj Mahal to the skyscrapers of New York City, civilization has left an indelible mark on our planet."3. "The history of civilization is a rich tapestry of stories, ideas, and traditions that have been passed down through the ages. It is a legacy that we can all claim as our own."4. "We can trace the roots of civilization to the very beginnings of humanity, when our ancestors first mastered the skills of toolmaking and hunting. It was a time when humans were still learning to adapt to their environment and take control of their destiny."5. "The rise of agriculture and the development of cities marked aturning point in the history of civilization. As communities grew larger and more complex, they demanded new systems of organization and governance."6. "The spread of ideas and the exchange of knowledge across cultures has been a driving force in the development of civilization. Technology, philosophy, and art have all flourished through the sharing and synthesis of diverse influences."7. "Innovation has been a constant force in the evolution of civilization, from the discovery of fire to the creation of the internet. Each new discovery or invention has opened up new possibilities and transformed our world."8. "The achievements of civilization have been both breathtaking and humbling. We have built majestic monuments, created masterpieces of art, and unlocked the secrets of nature through science and technology."9. "Yet, in spite of our accomplishments, there have been moments when civilization has teetered on the brink of collapse. The Holocaust, the Rwanda genocide, and the horrors of World War II are dark chapters in our history that remind us of our capacity for evil."10. "In the 21st century, we face new challenges as a civilization. Climate change, globalization, and the rise of populism are forces that are shaping our world in ways that are difficult to predict."。
从历史的角度看人类文化的演变英文作文
从历史的角度看人类文化的演变英文作文The Evolution of Human Culture Through HistoryHuman culture, a complex and dynamic phenomenon, has undergone numerous transformations throughout its long journey of history. From the earliest civilizations to the present day, the evolution of culture has been a fascinating tale of adaptation, innovation, and dissemination.In the earliest stages of human history, culture was primarily shaped by the environment and the basic needs of survival. Hunters and gatherers relied on their immediate surroundings to provide food, shelter, and tools. Their cultural practices reflected this simple way of life, with rituals and traditions often centered around the cycles of nature and the hunt.As human societies evolved and agriculture emerged, culture underwent a significant shift. The rise of settled communities and agriculture allowed for the development of more complex social structures, including hierarchies, specialization, and trade. This period marked the beginning of the writing systems, which enabled the preservation and dissemination of knowledge, further enhancing cultural development.The Axial Age, spanning from the 8th to the 3rd centuries BCE, saw the emergence of several great philosophical and religious traditions. In China, Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism flourished, while in India, Hinduism and Buddhism took root. In the West, the Greeks and Hebrews developed complex philosophical systems that have had a profound impact on Western thought. This period marked a significant turning point in human culture, as it saw the emergence of rational thought, ethics, and aesthetics as guiding principles for human conduct.Since the 17th century, the Industrial Revolution and the subsequent globalization have further accelerated the evolution of human culture. The advent of new technologies, such as the printing press, the telegraph, and the internet, has enabled the rapid dissemination of information and ideas, bringing cultures closer together. At the same time, the rise of colonialism and imperialism has led to the mixing and blending of cultures, creating a truly globalized cultural landscape.人类文化历史的演变人类文化，一个复杂且动态的现象，在其漫长的历史长河中经历了无数次的变迁。
人类的文明英文作文
人类的文明英文作文The civilization of human beings has been a long and complex journey. It has seen the rise and fall of empires, the invention of incredible technologies, and the creation of beautiful works of art. Throughout history, humans have shown an incredible ability to adapt and innovate, leading to the development of diverse cultures and traditions.From the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt to the great empires of Rome and China, human civilization has always been marked by a constant drive for progress and expansion. These early civilizations laid the foundationfor many of the ideas and technologies that we still use today, such as writing, mathematics, and agriculture.As human civilization continued to evolve, so did the way people interacted with each other. The development of trade routes and the spread of religions and philosophies led to the exchange of ideas and the blending of different cultures. This diversity has enriched human civilization,creating a tapestry of beliefs, customs, and languages that is truly remarkable.The modern era has brought about even more rapid changes to human civilization. The Industrial Revolution, the invention of the internet, and the exploration of space have all had a profound impact on the way we live and interact with the world around us. These advancements have brought about both incredible opportunities and significant challenges.Despite the many achievements of human civilization, there are also many pressing issues that we must address. Climate change, poverty, and conflict continue to threaten the well-being of people around the world. It is crucial that we work together to find solutions to these problems and create a more sustainable and equitable world forfuture generations.In conclusion, human civilization is a testament to the incredible potential of our species. We have achieved remarkable things and overcome immense challenges, butthere is still much work to be done. By continuing to innovate, collaborate, and learn from our past, we can build a brighter future for all of humanity.。
人类文明 英文作文
人类文明英文作文Human civilization has evolved over thousands of years, from ancient times to the modern era. It encompasses a wide range of cultural, social, and technological developments that have shaped the way we live today.The development of language has been a crucial factor in the advancement of human civilization. It has allowed us to communicate, share knowledge, and build complex societies. Without language, our ability to cooperate and collaborate would be severely limited.The invention of agriculture was a major turning point in human history. It allowed people to settle in one place, leading to the development of permanent settlements and the rise of complex societies. Agriculture also led to the growth of trade and commerce, as surplus food could be exchanged for other goods.The invention of writing was a revolutionarydevelopment that allowed for the recording and preservation of knowledge. It enabled the spread of ideas and information across great distances and through time, laying the foundation for the advancement of science, philosophy, and literature.The Industrial Revolution transformed humancivilization by introducing new technologies and methods of production. It led to urbanization, the rise of the middle class, and the expansion of global trade. The Industrial Revolution also brought about significant social and economic changes, including the rise of capitalism and the modern nation-state.The 20th century saw unprecedented advancements in science and technology, including the development of computers, the internet, and space exploration. These innovations have transformed the way we live, work, and interact with one another, shaping the modern world in ways that were previously unimaginable.In conclusion, human civilization is a complex anddynamic phenomenon that has been shaped by a wide range of cultural, social, and technological developments. From the invention of language to the rise of the internet, each advancement has played a crucial role in shaping the world we live in today.。
介绍文明的英文作文带翻译
介绍文明的英文作文带翻译英文：Civilization is a term that encompasses a wide range of human activities and achievements, including art, science, technology, government, and social organization. It refers to the complex societies that have developed over time, with their own unique cultures, traditions, and customs.One of the key aspects of civilization is the development of cities and urban centers. These urban areas are where people come together to live and work, and they are often the hubs of cultural and economic activity. For example, the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and China all developed complex urban centers that were the focal points of their societies.Another important aspect of civilization is the development of writing and record-keeping. Writing allows for the preservation and transmission of knowledge andinformation across generations, and it is a key tool for the development of science, literature, and philosophy. For example, the invention of the printing press in the 15th century allowed for the widespread dissemination of knowledge and ideas, leading to the rapid advancement of human civilization during the Renaissance.Civilization also involves the development of complex social and political structures. This includes the establishment of laws, governments, and systems of justice that help to maintain order and stability within a society. For example, the ancient Greeks developed the concept of democracy, which has had a profound impact on the development of political systems around the world.In addition to these achievements, civilization also encompasses the development of art, architecture, and cultural traditions. These expressions of human creativity and ingenuity help to define the unique character of different societies and civilizations. For example, the ancient Mayan civilization in Central America developed a sophisticated system of writing and a rich tradition of artand architecture, including the famous pyramids and temples at Chichen Itza.Overall, civilization is a testament to the ingenuity, creativity, and resilience of the human spirit. It is a reflection of our ability to come together, overcome challenges, and create a better world for future generations.中文：文明是一个涵盖人类各种活动和成就的术语，包括艺术、科学、技术、政府和社会组织。
历史的英文介绍短篇作文
历史的英文介绍短篇作文"English:"History is a vast tapestry of human experiences, woven together through the threads of time. It encompasses the rise and fall of civilizations, the triumphs and tragedies of individuals, and the evolution of societies. To understand history is to delve into the collective memory of humanity, to explore the complexities of our past, and to glean insights that shape our present and future.Take, for example, the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, often referred to as the cradle of civilization. In Mesopotamia, the Sumerians developed writing, the wheel, and complex systems of governance, laying the foundation for many aspects of modern society. Their innovations reverberate through the ages, influencing everything from law and literature to architecture and agriculture.Similarly, the Renaissance period in Europe marked a profound cultural and intellectual rebirth. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo created masterpiecesthat still captivate us today, while thinkers such asGalileo Galilei revolutionized our understanding of the cosmos. The Renaissance was a time of innovation and exploration, fueling advancements in art, science, and philosophy that continue to shape our world."中文，"历史是人类经验的广阔画卷，通过时间的纽带编织在一起。
多元的人类文明历史作文
多元的人类文明历史作文英文回答：Throughout history, human civilization has been incredibly diverse. Different cultures, languages, and traditions have shaped the way people live and interact with each other. For example, in ancient China, the invention of papermaking and printing technology greatly advanced the spread of knowledge and information. This had a profound impact on the development of Chinese civilization. Similarly, in the Western world, the Renaissance period led to a flourishing of art, literature, and scientific discovery. This period of cultural rebirth had a lasting impact on European civilization.中文回答：人类文明历史非常多元化。
不同的文化、语言和传统塑造了人们的生活方式和相互交往方式。
例如，在古代中国，造纸和印刷技术的发明极大地推动了知识和信息的传播。
这对中国文明的发展产生了深远影响。
同样，在西方世界，文艺复兴时期导致了艺术、文学和科学的繁荣。
这个文化复兴时期对欧洲文明产生了深远影响。
战争与文明历史作文英语
战争与文明历史作文英语英文：War and civilization are two interconnected aspects of human history. Throughout the course of history, war has played a significant role in shaping the development of human civilization. On one hand, war has led to destruction, loss of lives, and suffering. On the other hand, war has also been a driving force for technological advancements, cultural exchanges, and the spread of ideas.War has often been a catalyst for the rise and fall of civilizations. For example, the Roman Empire expanded through conquest and warfare, spreading its language, laws, and culture across Europe and beyond. The Mongol Empire, under the leadership of Genghis Khan, established one ofthe largest empires in history through a series of military campaigns. These examples demonstrate how war has been instrumental in shaping the course of history andinfluencing the development of civilizations.In addition, war has also led to the exchange of ideas and technologies between different cultures. The Crusades, for instance, brought about the transfer of knowledge and technologies between the Western and Eastern worlds. The Silk Road, a network of trade routes connecting the East and West, facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and technologies between different civilizations. As a result, war has not only caused destruction but also contributed to the enrichment of human civilization through cultural and technological exchanges.Furthermore, war has often driven technological advancements. The two World Wars, for instance, spurred the development of new weapons, communication systems, and medical technologies. The need for more efficient and powerful weapons during wartime has led to the invention and innovation of various technologies that have hadlasting impacts on human civilization.In conclusion, war and civilization are intricately linked throughout history. While war has caused immensesuffering and destruction, it has also been a catalyst for cultural exchanges, technological advancements, and therise and fall of civilizations. The impact of war on human civilization is undeniable, and it continues to shape the course of history.中文：战争与文明是人类历史中相互关联的两个方面。
人类的文明 英文作文
人类的文明英文作文英文：Civilization is a complex concept that encompasses various aspects of human development, such as social, cultural, and technological advancements. As a member of the human race, I believe that our civilization has come a long way, and we have achieved remarkable progress in many areas.One of the most significant achievements of our civilization is the development of language. Language allows us to communicate with one another, share ideas, and record our history. It is the foundation of our culture and the key to our social interactions. For example, English is the most widely spoken language in the world, and it has become the lingua franca of international communication.Another area where our civilization has made great strides is technology. We have created tools and machinesthat have revolutionized the way we live and work. For instance, the invention of the printing press in the 15th century made it possible to produce books on a large scale, which greatly facilitated the spread of knowledge and ideas. Similarly, the invention of the internet in the 20thcentury has transformed the way we access information and communicate with one another.However, our civilization is not without its flaws. One of the biggest challenges we face is environmental degradation. Our industrial activities have caused pollution, deforestation, and climate change, whichthreaten the sustainability of our planet. We need to find ways to mitigate these problems and create a more sustainable future.中文：文明是一个复杂的概念，涵盖了人类社会、文化和技术等多个方面的发展。
人类的文明 英文作文
人类的文明英文作文下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
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人类历史英文作文
人类历史英文作文英文：Human history is a vast and complex subject, spanning thousands of years and encompassing countless events and developments. As a student of history, I find myself constantly fascinated by the ways in which humans have interacted with each other and with the world around them. From the earliest civilizations to the present day, our species has undergone countless changes and transformations, each of which has left its mark on the world we inhabit.One of the most interesting aspects of human history,in my opinion, is the way in which we have developed language. From simple grunts and gestures to complex systems of writing and communication, language has been a key driver of human progress and innovation. It has allowed us to express our ideas, share our experiences, and build complex societies and cultures.Another key theme in human history is the way in which we have interacted with the natural world. From hunting and gathering to agriculture and industry, we have constantly sought to harness the power of nature for our own purposes. This has led to both great achievements and great disasters, from the construction of massive cities and monuments tothe devastation of entire ecosystems and species.中文：人类历史是一个广阔而复杂的主题，跨越数千年，涵盖无数事件和发展。
英文历史介绍作文
英文历史介绍作文英文：As a history enthusiast, I have always been fascinated by the stories and events that have shaped our world. From the rise and fall of empires to the advances in technology that have revolutionized our way of life, there is no shortage of interesting and important moments in history.One of my favorite periods to study is the Renaissance, a time of great cultural and artistic growth that occurred in Europe from the 14th to the 17th century. During this time, artists, writers, and thinkers were inspired by the classical works of ancient Greece and Rome, leading to a renewed interest in humanism and the pursuit of knowledge.One of the most famous figures of the Renaissance is Leonardo da Vinci, a polymath who excelled in a wide range of fields, from painting and sculpture to engineering and science. His famous works, such as the Mona Lisa and TheLast Supper, continue to captivate and inspire people around the world.Another period that I find particularly interesting is the Age of Exploration, which began in the 15th century and saw European explorers venture out into the unknown in search of new lands and resources. This era saw the discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbus, the circumnavigation of the globe by Ferdinand Magellan, and the establishment of European colonies in Africa, Asia, and the Americas.中文：作为一个历史爱好者，我一直被那些塑造了我们世界的故事和事件所吸引。
历史文化英语作文素材
历史文化英语作文素材英文回答：History and culture are intertwined like threads in a tapestry, enriching each other with vibrant hues and intricate patterns. Throughout the annals of human civilization, historical events have shaped cultural norms, beliefs, and practices, while cultural traditions have left an enduring imprint on the course of history.From ancient civilizations to modern societies, history has played a pivotal role in shaping the cultural identities of nations and communities. The rise and fall of empires, the migrations of peoples, and the transformative effects of wars and revolutions have all left their mark on the cultural fabric of societies. For example, the Roman Empire's legacy of law, architecture, and language continues to influence Western civilization today.Conversely, cultural practices and beliefs have alsoexerted a profound influence on the course of history. Religious traditions, artistic movements, and scientific discoveries have shaped the way societies have evolved and interacted with their surroundings. For instance, the Renaissance, with its emphasis on humanism and the arts, sparked a cultural and intellectual revolution that laid the foundation for modern science and philosophy.中文回答：历史与文化就像挂毯上的经纬线交织，用鲜艳的色彩和错综复杂的图案相互衬托。
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• 50,000 BC: Cro-Magnons (“Mentally Modern”)
• as shown by archaeology
• 8,000 BC: First signs of settled life • 4,000 BC: Written record begins
Tierra del Fuego in less than 1000 years.
– Mass extinction of large land mammals
The Pace of Civilization
• 10,000 BC: End of last Ice Age
• Humans had reached every habitable area. • Everyone has roughly the same lifestyle: hunter-
[See tables: Earliest Domestication of Animals/Plants]
Natural Resource: Animals
[Table of Domesticated Animals] • Uses??
– food, clothing, hunting, transportation, traction
• Lived as hunter gatherers. • No evidence of farming/herding before
Holocene.
Arriving in The New World
• “Clovis” people
– Broke from Mongoloid population living in Siberia. – Already adapted to arctic conditions
gatherer.
• 1400-1600 AD: European Expansion
• Guns vs. Spears
• Why did civilization proceed so much faster in some parts of the world than in others?
• And what does this tell us about civilization?
human civilization.
When Did Human History Happen?
[See Timeline]
• 200,000 BC: Split from all other Homonid species
• 100,000 BC: Anatomically Modern Humans
>15,000 BC 8,000 BC 8,000 BC 8,000 BC 7,500 BC 6,000 BC 6,000 BC 4,000 BC 4,000 BC 4,000 BC 3,500 BC 3,500 BC 3,500 BC 2,500 BC 1,000 BC
Ice Core Sample
Early Miபைடு நூலகம்ration of Humans
Early Migration of Humans
[See Migration Map]
• Long before the last Ice Age, people were already spread out through most of Eurasia, Africa, and Australia.
• [Necessary for domestication:]
– Pack behavior – dominance heirarchy – Able to live in dense groups – Willing to breed in captivity – Usually herbivorous – Usually relatively large (>50 lbs) (often the same animals you’d hunt)
Who Had What, and Why?
• Mesopotamia • Egypt • Indus River • China • Mesoamerica • Andes • hunter-gatherers:
– Southern Africa – Australia / New Guinea – Northern / Western Europe – North Asia
• Entered North/South America via land-bridge on Bering Strait.
• Exact timing is known because of “airlock” effect. • Tremendous boom! Spread from Alaska to
– Luck-of-the-Draw or Mass Extinction – Why weren’t Old World animals hunted to extinction?
Earliest Domestication of Animals
Dog Sheep Goat Pig Silkworm Cow Cat Horse Donkey Water buffalo Turkey Llama/Alpaca Guinea Pig Camel Chicken
A History of Human Civilization
Jeff Feasel 17 Feb 2006
What we’ll learn
• Brief overview of human history. • What does the archeological record show? • Discuss which factors contributed to
• [No new animals domesticated until after the Industrial Revolution.] • Compare New World to Old World. • Why such an imbalance of useful domesticatable animals available?