(完整)牛津沪教版英语九年级上首字母专项练习

九年级上首字母专项训练
Exercise 1
Do you like to read science books? Reading science is not quite like reading a p____1__ or story. You read to get information. Over the years much of the scientific information that has been c___2_____ has been put into books. So we read to learn. We should try to be better readers in science.
Books on science often contain many s__3____ new words and much new information. It is important for us to know the m__4____ of every word we read. There are many difficult words in science books and articles. We must understand these words in order to understand the m____5___ the words bring.
We must keep our m__6___ on what we are reading. We must know why we are reading. We ask questions before we read. “What is this book about? Why should I read it? Will the title help me find out why I should read it?”
If we can keep a record of what we read, that is, write down important words and information, these records help us remember what we have read. We read some books more than once. Often, we read to discover f___7___that we didn’t find in our first reading.
Exercise 2
Chinese are very generous when it comes to educating their children. Not caring about the
United States or Australia. The Chinese believe that themore expensive an education is , the better it is . So the parents will spend a lot ofmoney on education. Even poor couples will buy a computer for their son or daughter.Though they are not rich, they would rather pay for the education.
Parents can see that their children's skills vary , skilled in some areas while poor in others . But most parents fail to r____2_____ that today's children lack self-respect and self-confidence.
The problem is that parents are only educating their children on how to take multiple-choice tests and how to study well, but parents aren't teaching them the most important skills that they need. And these skills are important to help them to be confident , happy and c___3______.
Parents can a___4___ this by teaching practical skills like cooking , sewing and doing housework .
Teaching a child to cook will improve many of the skills that the will need later in life . Cooking demands p_____5___ and time . It's an enjoyable but difficult experiment. A good cook always tries to improve his cooking, so he will learn to work hard and gradually to finish his job s___6______. His result, a well-cooked dinner, will give him much satisfaction and a lot of self-confidence.
Some old m___7____ , such as a broken radio or TV set that you give your children to play with will make him curious and arouse his interest He will spend hours looking at them , trying to fix them ; your childmight become an engineer when he grows up . These activities aren't merely teaching a child to read a book, but rather to think , to use his mind . And that is more important.
Exercise 3
We can’t really say that one language is easier or more difficult than another language. In some ways, English is an easy language to learn. Take the verbs for example, in some languages, you have to make many,many c____1___ to the verb—in Latin, for example, there are more than 120 different f___2__ of one verb! In English, there are only five. With verb “go” for example, there’s “go”, “goes”, “went”, “going”, and “gone”, but we use them in a lot of different ways！But the spelling and pronunciation of English are more difficult than in many other languages. We have a lot of s__3___in English, and the spelling isn’t very regular.
Nobody know e___4__ how many people are learning English in the world today, but it’s c__5___ more than it was 50 years ago. For example, fifty years ago very few people in China learned English, but now the n___6__ of people learning English in china is bigger than the population of the united states! So there are probably about 300 million people learning English at the m__7___，which is more than any other language, and some experts(专家) say that by the year
2050—that’s about thirty-five years from now—half of the world’s population will speak English. I’m not sure, and I think we’ll have to wait and see.
Exercise 4
Learning is natural. It begins the minute we are born. Our first teachers are our family members. At home we learn to talk and to dress and feed ourselves. Then we go to school. A teacher tells us what to learn and how to learn. Many teachers g____1____ us, and we pass many exams. Then people say we are educated.
Are you really educated? Let’s think about the real meaning of learning. Knowing facts does not mean being able to solve problems. Solving problems r__2___ creativity, not just a good m____3___. Some people who don’t know many facts are good at solving problems.
Henry is a good e_____4____. He left school at the age of 15. Later when his company could not build cars fast enough, he solved the problem. He thought of the assembly line(装配线).
What does a good teacher do? Does he give students facts to remember? Well, yes, we must remember facts. But a good teacher shows how to find answers. He brings us to the stream of k____5____. So we can drink for ourselves. When we are t___6__, we know where to go.
True learning combines intake and output. We take information into our brains. Then we use it. Think of a computer: it stores a lot of information, but it can’t think. It only o___7___ commands. A person who only remembers facts is not really learned. Learning takes place only when a person can use what he knows.
Exercise 5
To us students, learning is no doubt(怀疑，疑问)the most important thing, because learning is closely related to our future. All of us have experienced learning from p____1____ to senior high school. We learn knowledge; and furthermore, we also learn to b__2__ a man.
Nowadays, with the rapid d____3___ of economy, our society and our country need more and more talents of all kinds to meet different requirements in every f___4_____. The more knowledge we learn and master, the better we’ll p__5______ ourselves for the future. What we are
learning should be combined with p___6_____ and with our future as well.
As a famous s___7____ goes, “one is never too old to learn,” let’s try hard to learn for the future.
Exercise 6
High school students in Japan choose the universities they want to go to and apply for before January of their final year. The university e____1____ exam is a standard nationwide test held every year in January. It p____2____ tests for 31 subjects in six subject areas: Japanese language, geography and history, civics, math, science and a foreign language. All national and public universities, as well as some p__3____ ones make use of this exam. But many also have their own tests in February or later, before the new school year s____4_____ in April.
In order to pass the exam for the best universities such as the national university of Tokyo, many students a____5_____ special preparation schools on top of their regular classes. These exra schools can l____6___ for one to two years between high school and university.
A____7____ every student has the chance of going to a Japanese university, only 50 percent of high school seniors actually choose further study.
Exercise 7
Test scores make you either happy or sad and your parents pay high attention to your test results. You spend days filling in blanks, trying to make the best answer to question after question. Maybe you tried your hardest or maybe you never tried! What you need to remember is that a test is a picture of you’re a____1______ from just one day. It consists of some pieces including your health, your personality, your interests, and your motivation. You need to look at all the pieces to get a clear idea of your p____2_____. So whether your scores are higher than you thought, or less than you had hoped, try not to think of them as what you will be at last. It probably c____3____ you why your scores have become the focus of your life. The purpose of a test is to c___4____ how much you have learned about a subject. It not only helps make your newly acquired knowledge forever, but also e__5____ you to find out what needs to spend more time improving. If you’re p leased with the results, encourage yourself to work for a further aim. If disappointment
has overcome you, ask your teacher and your parents to help you set a reasonable goal for improvement. Most exams are about to test your skill in certain subject areas such as math, language and arts. Some c___6___ your skills to other students’ skills from across the country, o (98)just test whether or not you have mastered a specific skill. These scores can be very puzzling…even to adults. You should speak to both your teacher and your parents to find out what they mean in your e____7_____ journey. It is important to take a correct attitude towards test scores.
Exercise 8
In American schools, computers have taken over many of the jobs that teachers used to do. Computers ask students questions. If the students give the right answer, the computer will say, “Fantastic!” Some students can do e___1____ and homework on their computers.
Both students and teachers are crazy about computers. “With computers, students get help at once,” said one teacher. “But if the students don’t have computers, they must w___2__ for me to walk around and get to them.”
“I can t__3___ faster than write,” said a student. “Using a computer is easier than using an eraser.”
Computers are also very p___4____. A teacher may get angry with a student, but computers are always calm. When a student gives the wrong answer, the computer just say, “Please try a___5_____.”
Companies that make software for schools have a difficult job. They must make the software as interesting as the p___6_____ that students watch on TV. But they are s____7____, because students like computers as much as teachers do.
Exercise 9
As we know, our school is going to give extra lessons during Labor Holiday. It set off a warm d____1___ among the teachers and the students. So the student union made a s___2____ about it.
Here are the results.
Almost 90 percent of the teachers are a__3___ giving extra lessons during holiday. They think it is time for relaxation and rest, both for teachers and students. Students should be given enough time and f____4____ to develop their own interest and enjoy outdoor activities. It is good for their study later on.
60 percent of the students have the same idea as the teachers. They say they need more time to relax and get ready for a b__5___ start. On the other side about 40 percent agree to have lessons during the holiday. They want to learn more things.
What about the parents? They all agree to it, though they c__6___ about the high price they have to p__7____. They think that having someone take care of their children is better than leaving them alone at home, and also children at school can learn something no matter how little it is.
Exercise 10
Every year, high school juniors and seniors from across the US take the Scholastic Aptitude Test（SAT,学术自能测试）.
The SAT 1 is a three-hour exam that tests students' maths and verbal（词汇的）s___1____. Most universities will not a___2____students without this test. his also used to decide how much financial aid（经济资助）should be given to each student. Scores range from 200 to 800 for each part. There is a total of 1 600 points. The test is held each year from October to June. But seniors must take it before December in order to include their scores in their university application. The a___3_____ total score for an American high school student is around 1, 000.
A poor SAT 1 score can p___4____ a student from going to a good university. Students who want to go to one of America's best universities, such as Harvard or Yale, must score between 1 430 and 1 600.
The test can be taken over and over again, but all the scores will a___5____ on the students' records. However, unlike Chinese universities, the score is not the only thing needed. American universities also look at a student's subject grades, what they do outside of school, and their teachers' recommendations.
In addition to the SAT 1 some universities r___6___ high school students to take at least three SAT 2s. These one-hour exams can be taken in any subject, for example c__7_____ or French.
Exercise 11
Never try to work when you are very hungry. If you want to do your homework right after school, you may want to eat something before getting to work. Always do your homework before you get too t___1___. Don’t wait until very late in the evening, or the assignment(作业) will seem much harder than it r___2____ is.
O___3____ your time into a few parts if you have more than an hour’s work, give yourself a b____4___ after an hour. On the other hand, don’t break it up so much that you can’t get anything done. You should be able to work at least half an hour at a time without s___5_____.
Don’t put it off until the last minute. If you put off doing your homework, you will have it on your mind, and you won’t enjoy your free time so much. If you put it off until the en d of the week or until right before a test, you will have too much c___6___ up. A little bit each night, enough to keep up with what is happening each day in school, will take the fear at tests and keep you on top of it all.
Do your homework at the same time every day. This will help you make it a habit—part of your daily work. It will make it easier to do, and it will make your free time more e___7____ as well.
Exercise 12
There are many things you have to do each day. But no matter what you’re trying to do, there are three important steps you need to take: Get organized. Stay focused(集中注意力). Get it done!
Get organized.
For schoolwork, it means having one notebook where you s___1____ all your work. Then you know what you have to do and when.
Planning means d____2____ what you will do and when you will do it. Calendars, lists and schedules can help you plan. Making a schedule or a “to-do” list is a good idea. Add new things as
you get new assignments and c____3____ off those you’ve done. Use your list to help you decide which one is the most important thing to do first.
Stay focused
To keep your mind focused, talk to yourself through the work. Ask yourself, “what do I need to do now?” answer your question, then go a____4_____ and do it. Sometimes, your mind wanders. Then you might have to change the way you’re sitting so you’re more comfortable. Take a nice deep b____5____ or get up and stretch.(伸展)
Get it done
Hang in there until it’s all done, and don’t g___6______ up when you’re halfway through.
For anything you do, getting it done means finishing what you start, doing a good job and checking your work.
Oh, one more important thing: take a moment to admire(欣赏) the work you’ve done. You have a good reason to feel p___7___. Nice job!
Exercise 13
Ballpoint pens have made life easier for millions of people. At one time schools did not like their students to write with them. P____1____ it was too easy．Pens can leak(漏)and it is easy to spill(溢出，流出)the ink．But it is hard to write on thin or cheap paper with them．
Ladislao Biro worked for a newspaper in Budapest．He spent all day at his desk．Day in and day out，he c____2____ pages of thin，cheap paper with a pen and ink．He often had to stop to f____3____his pen and it did not write well on the thin paper．He and his brother George began some e___4_____．They wanted a pen that did not leak，with ink that did not spill．Why not use a little b___5___ at the end?
Two Englishmen，Henry Martin and Fredrick Miles，liked the idea. It was the time of the second World War．The Air Force(空军) needed a non-leak，non-spill pen for the men to write
within p__6____．Martin and Miles made and s___7____ many thousands of Biro “writing—sticks” to the Air Force.
Exercise 14
A chicken lays an egg. You feel sleepy. And a tree loses its leaves. All of these thin, and many more, happen in a certain way, at a certain time each day or each year. They take p___1___ became something called an internal clock. The word internal means “inside of”, and the internal clock is inside a certain part of every plant and animal. For example, there is an internal clock in the h___2____ of a chicken.
The internal clock r____3___ a signal, or message, from the world around it. Some of signals i___4___ light, heat, darkness and cold. When the internal clock gets the signal, the body of the plant or animal p___5_____ a chemical that causes the living thing to do different a___6_____. For example, daylight signals the chicken's internal clack to make a chemical. Then this chemical causes the chicken to lay eggs.
People are learning a lot about internal clocks. Fanners have even learned how to f___7___ a chicken's internal clock so that the chicken lays more eggs.
Exercise 15
Many people believe that Galileo invented the thermometer(温度计). But Galileo did not invent the thermometer. He invented the water thermometer(测温计). The water thermoscope is a g___1__ bulb that contains water. When the air temperature changes, the water l__2___ rises. But a thermometer does not measure the temperature change. A real thermometer must be a___3____ to measure the temperature change.
Who invented the first real contemporary(同时代的) thermometer then? It was invented by Santorio. Santorio lived from 1531 to 1636. He was an Italian doctor and physicist. Santorio a__4_____ a number of scales to the thermoscope. That helped to precisely measure how much the temperature changed. He thought that he could measure everything in n____5____. He applied his thought and r__6___ to medicine and the body.
T___7__ to him, now people can measure body temperature with a thermometer.
Exercise 16
Philo Farnsworth, the inventor of one of the country’s greatest machines was actually born in a log cabin, rode to high school on the horse back and without benefit of university d___1___ (indeed, at age 14), thought of the idea of electronic television. In 1906 Farnsworth was born in a community near Beaver City, Utah, a community settled by his grandfather. when he was 12, his family moved to a ranch (大牧场)in Rigby, Idaho, which was four miles from the nearest high school, thus necessitating(使成为必要)his d___2____ horseback rides. Because he was interested in the electron and electricity, he persuaded his p___3___teacher, Justin Tolman, to give him special instruction and to allow him to listen to a senior c___4____.
The d___5___ of his father forced him to leave at the end of his second year, but, as it turned out, at no great intellectual cost. There were, at the time, no more than a handful of men on the p___6___ who could have understood Farnsworth’s idea for building an electronic television system, and it’s unlikely that any of them were at this local community. One such man was Vladimir Zworykin who had moved to the US from Russia with a Ph. D in electrical engineering. He went to work for Westinghouse with a d__7____ of building an all-electronic television system. But he wasn’t capable to do so. Farnsworth was. But not at once.
Exercise 17
James Francis Cameron, was born on August 16, 1954 in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada. He moved to the United States in 1971. As a son of an e__1____, he majored in physics at California State University. But after g___2_____ he worked as a truck driver to support his dream of making films. With no formal t___3____, he started making films. He directed and wrote the scripts for his first six films and produced the last three. In 1984, he wrote and directed The Terminator (1984), made with a budget (预算) of only 6.5 million dollars. He directed, wrote, produced, and edited his most a___4___ movie, 1997’s Titanic. It was a huge s___5___ and the movie won 11 Oscars. Cameron is now one of the most sought-after directors in Hollywood, but he is much more than just a director. He is c____6__ and visionary（有远见的）. He works hard until the production m___7___ with his high standards(标准).
Exercise 18
Juana Lopez has invented a number of things over the years. One day, she had an idea for a dish washing machine that worked without u___1_____ water. She went to see several dishwasher factories about p_____2___ the machine, but none of them were interested.
Juana found investors(投资者) to support her idea and founded her own company. She spent millions of dollars on developing her dishwasher and it was put to the market three years later. From then on, s___3____ were very good, better even than Juana had h____4______.
But Global Domestic, one of the companies that she had been to see, made its own waterless dishwasher. Juana obtained one and found that used the technical ideas she had developed. She had obtained legal p____5_____ for these ideas, so that other companies could not use them. After a long legal process, Global Domestic was forced to stop making its competing dishwasher and to pay Juana several million dollars. Now Juana's waterless dishwasher has 40 p___6_____ of the worldwide dishwasher market and this is i____7_____ every year.
Exercise 19
At West Orange, Edison had more than 50 people working for him. He improved some of his old inventions such as the phonograph (留声机). He made new inventions, too. A popular one was a doll with a tiny phonograph inside. When you turned on a b_____1_____, the doll begun to talk.
He also spent years developing an electric car. This was a good car, but was never as popular as cars using petrol. However, the battery which he invented had many u___2______.
Edison sometimes f____3_____. He bought a lot of land in new jersey to d____4_____ for iron. He did not find any iron and so he lost over one million dollars. However, Edison said he had a good time spending the money.
In December 1914, a fire destroyed his lab. Edison r_____5____ a new one with the help of the money from Henry Ford, the man who was famous for making cars. Even at 67 years old, Edison wanted to go on working.
In early 1931, Edison said, “I’m long on ideas, but s___6_____ on time. I expect to live to be
only about a hundred.” In fact Edison died on October 18, 1931, at the age of 84.
Edison was one of the world’s greatest inventors. His s____7____ was hard work. His most famous saying is “genius (天才) is one percent inspiration(灵感) and 99 percent perspiration(汗水).”
Exercise 20
All matter is either solid or liquid, or gas. In addition, all matter has different sizes. So we use different units of measurements when we measure different t___1___of matter. When you want to buy shoes, you need to know the size of your feet. If you don’t, then you need to try on every shoe in the shoe store. When you are trying to bake a cake ___2_____ looking at a cooking book, you will see different measurement for the diffe rent ingredients. But if you don’t know how to measure the e___3____ amount for each ingredient, it will be hard to bake a d_____4___ cake. These are the reason why we need to know the units of measurement.
Here are some of the units of measurement. To measure the l____5____ of something, we use centimeters（cm）, meters(m), miles(m), inches(in), feet(ft) and etc. To measure the mass and volume of something, we use gallons (gal), kilograms(kg), milligrams(mg), grams(g), liters(l) etc.
The units of measurement can be different in each country. So it is i____6____ to know what units of measurement each country u___7_____.
Exercise 21
Printing was one of the four greatest inventions of ancient China.
Before printing was invented, all writing was done by hand. When people needed a copy of book, they had to p__1_____ someone to copy it out for them by hand. This made books very e___2_______ and only the richest people could have them.
Then in the Tang Dynasty China, about AD 650, people carved (雕刻) w____3___ blocks(印版) with a page of text, then inked(沾上墨水) it. When they pressed a paper on the block, they
could print a page. The oldest printed scroll(纸卷) came from northwest china in AD 700.
Around the AD 1000’s, a man n___4______ Bi Sheng in china invented a mo re flexible (灵活的) system of printing. He carved each Chinese character separately on a small clay (陶土) blocks. He put them together to make w____5____ and sentences. The same blocks could be reused to make many different texts.
About 500 years later, people throughout Europe and Asia began to use movable type made out of m____6___. Printers in Europe might have been Chinese block printing (活字印刷) through trade across West Asia. They came up with the idea of moveable type of their o_____7_____.
Exercise 22
If you go into the forest with friends, stay with them. If you don’t, you may get lost. If you do get lost, this is what you should do.
Sit down and stay where you are. Don’t try to find your friends. L___1____ them find you. You can help them to find you by stay in one place.
There is another way to help your friends or other people to find you. Give them a signal(信号)outing or whistling (吹口哨) three times. S___2___. Then shout or whistle three times again. Any signal given three times is a call for help.
Keep on shouting or whistling, always three times together. When people hear you, they will give two shouts or two whistles. When a signal is given twice, it is an a__3__ to a call for help.
If you don’t think that you will get help b___4___ night comes, try to make a small room with branches.（树枝
What should you do if you get h___5___ or need drinking water? You would have to leave your little branch room to look for something to eat and drink. Don’t just walk far away. Pick up
small branches and d__6___ them as you walk so that you can find your way back.
The most i___7___ thing you need to do when you are lost ---stay in one place.
Exercise 23
An old man lived in a nice house with a large garden. He took care of his flowers all the time, watering and fertilizing them.
One day a young man went by the garden. He looked at the beautiful flowers, imagining how happy he could be if he lived in such a beautiful place . Then, suddenly he found the old gardener was blind. He was very s____1___ about this and asked , “ You can’t see these flowers. Why are you busy taking care of them every day?”
The old man smiled and said, “I can tell you four r____2___. First, I was a gardener when I was young, and I really like this job. Second, 42 I can’t see these flower s, I can t___3__ them. Third, I can smell the sweetness of them. As to the last one, that’s you.”
“Me? But you don’t know me,” said the young man.
“Yeah, it’s t___4____ that I don’t know you . But I know that flowers are angels(天使) that everybody knows . We enjoy the happiness these flowers have b_____5____ us.”
The blind man’s work opened our eyes and pleased our h____6____ , which also made his life happier. It was just like Beethoven, who became deaf in his later life and wrote many great musical works. Beethoven himself couldn’t hear his wonderful music, but his music has e____7_____ millions of people to face their difficulties bravely. Isn’t i t one kind of happiness?
Exercise 24
Everyone likes living in a clean and c__1______ environment. If the environment is bad, it will affect our body, and make us not feel well. Sometimes we may be t___2_____ ill. At that time we don’t want to work, and we have to stay in bed and rest at home. So the environment is very important to us.
It’s germs(细菌) that makes us ill. There are germs everywhere, They are very small and you can’t find them with your own eyes, but you can see them with a microscope（显微镜）They are very small and there may be h____3___ of them on a very small thing, Germs can always be found in dirty water. When we look at dirty water under the microscope, we shall see them in it. Germs can also be found in a__4____ and dust（灰尘）. If you cut your f__5____, some of the dust from the floor may go into it, and you will have much pain in it. Sometimes the germs will go into all of your body, and you will have pain everywhere.
To keep us healthy, we should try to our best to make our environment become cleaner and t____6____. This needs us to a__7__ together.
Exercise 25
Unlike the other parts of the body, your ears don’t ask for much. They don’t need to be b___1___ once a day like your teeth. But they really need some special care, especially if you like listening to music with earphones (耳机).
M___2__ your mum or dad has told you, “Turn that down before you go deaf” Well, they are quite right. Loud noise may cause hearing problems for a short time or even forever.
Think that earphones are a good way to escape from your parents’ eyes? Well, it may not be as good a way as you t___3___. American doctors have studied a group of 4,490 people who used earphones more than 15 hours every week. The doctors found that 3,730 of them were getting hearing problems.
If you use earphones too long, your ears may feel painful. You could also l__4___your hearing for the rest of your life. So don’t wear your earphones too long. Use them less than one hour a day.
Want good hearing? Don’t forget to do the following:
●Try to s__5___ away from places with too much noise, like a disco. If you have to go, wear earplugs (耳塞).。