2020北师大版高中英语高考一轮复习-第1部分-必修1-Unit-1-Lifestyles

Unit 1Lifestyles
[单词拼写应用]
核心单词1．matter vi.要紧，有重大关系
2．switch vt.转换，转变
"
3．remote adj.遥远的
4．stand vt.忍耐，忍受
5．design n．& vt.设计
6．nearby adj.附近的adv.在附近
7．otherwise adv.否则；另外
8．complain vi.抱怨；投诉
9．midnight n．午夜，半夜
10．expert n．专家
【
11．sickness n．疾病
12．lifestyle n．生活方式
13．solve vt.解决；解答
14．survey n．调查
15．suppose vt.认为，猜想
16．document n．公文，文件
17．support vt.&n.支持；支撑
[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空
{
1．It is not what you say but what you do that matters (matter)．
2．We asked him to assist us in designing (design) a new bridge.
3．He switched (switch) from a back seat to a front one so that he could see clearly. 4．Many students complained (complain) about their too much homework in those days.
5．Many other surveys (survey)have produced results in agreement with these figures.
6．The police have been trying to keep the documents (document) secret. 7．These measures are strongly supported (support) by environmental groups. 8．We should develop the students' ability to solve (solve)problems.
，
拓展单词
1．peace n．和平→peaceful adj.平静的；和平的→peacefully adv.和平地；平静地2．relax vt.& vi.放松→relaxed adj.松懈的，放松的→relaxing adj.令人轻松的，放松的
3．stress n．压力→stressful adj.充满压力的，紧张的
4．urge vt.催促；极力主张→urgent adj.急迫的，紧急的→urgency n．紧急；催促5．bore n．令人厌烦的人→bored adj.厌烦的，不感兴趣的→boring adj.令人厌烦的；无聊的→boredom n．厌烦；无聊
6．suffer vi.遭受(痛苦)，感到疼痛→suffering n．痛苦，苦难→sufferer n．受苦者，受难者；患者
7．social adj.社交的；社会的→society n．社会→socialism n．社会主义
（
8．reduce vt.减少；降低→reduction n．减少
9．organ n．器官；机构→organise vt.组织→organiser n．组织者→organisation n．组织
10．prefer vt.更喜欢；宁愿→preference n．喜好；偏爱
11．volunteer n．志愿者vt.& vi.自愿去做→voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的12．graduate vi.毕业→graduation n．毕业
13．challenge n．挑战vt.向……挑战→challenging adj.有挑战性的14．advertise v．做广告→advertiser n. 登广告的人；广告商→advertisement n．广告
15．formal adj.正式的，合礼仪的→informal adj.非正式的
[
16．distant adj.遥远的→distance n．距离
[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空
1．I don't want to work under stress and I am eager for a job that isn't stressful．(stress)
2．Advertisers are supposed to be honest with the advertisements．If you advertise your goods in a dishonest way, you will be fined up to 50，000 yuan.(advertise) 3．Generally speaking, we feel relaxed while listening to some relaxing music.(relax) 4．When talking about my son's reading preference,_I think he prefers science books.(prefer)
5．The organiser said an international organisation offered much money to organise the activity.(organise)
—
6．Nowadays with the development of society, many volunteers do voluntary work without any pay.(volunteer)
7．In a way，challenges are good for developing our strong characters and I like doing challenging work.(challenge)
8．The president invited him to his private study for an informal talk before holding a formal meeting.(formal)
阅读词汇
1．couch n．长沙发，睡椅
2．paperwork n．日常文书工作
3．workaholic n．工作狂
4．portable adj.轻便的，手提(式)的
@
5．presentation n．表演；展示
6．forecast n．预报；预测
7．questionnaire n．问卷；调查表
8．series n．系列节目；系列
拓展联想1．-ant后缀表示“人”的词
①servant n．仆人
<
②applicant n．申请人
③assistant n．助手
2.合成名词(n.＋n.)
①viewpoint 观点
②weekend 周末
③silkworm蚕
3.动词＋up＋with构成的短语
①catch up with赶上
"
②keep up with跟上，不落后
③end up with以……(方式)结束，告终
[短语多维应用]高频短语
1．at the moment 此刻，目前
2．take up 占据；开始从事；拿起
3．be filled with 充满着
4．suffer from 忍受，遭受
—
5．look forward to 盼望，期望
6．as a result 结果
[语境运用]选用左边短语的适当形式填空
As far as I'm concerned, Li Hua is very busy ①at the moment, and his work ②takes up most of his his opinion, our life ③is filled with challenges and chances are designed for those who work hard, so he would rather ④suffer from being homesick.
高频短语
7．go off (爆竹、铃等)响
8．over the years 数年间
9．switch on/off/over 把开关打开/关闭/转换频道
~
10．play a role/part in 在……中起作用
11．come up with 追上，赶上；想出，找到
12．get changed 换衣服，更衣
[语境运用]选用左边短语的适当形式填空
Tom gets up and starts to work hard every morning the moment his alarm clock ⑤ goes off．In his spare time, he either listens to soft music to relax himself or ⑥switches on the TV to watch , he seldom ⑦switches over to watch TV series.⑧Over the years, he also has spent his spare time on the distance learning.
…
拓展联想
1．“结果”短语种种表达
①as a result
②as a result of
③as a matter of fact
④in consequence
⑤as a consequence
(
2.“盼望，期待”短语集汇
①desire to do渴望做
②long for/to do渴望/盼望(做)
③look forward to盼望，期望
④be eager for渴望，期待
⑤be dying for/to do渴望/盼望(做)
3.“get＋过去分词”常考短语大全
①get dressed穿好衣服
,
②get hurt受伤
③get lost迷路
④get promoted升职
⑤get married结婚
[句式结构仿写]
Usually，it's so crowded that I can't
find anywhere to sit.
listen to it again and again.
6．the same...that...“和……一样”
We don't have the same work hours
that office workers in the city have.
我们英语老师穿着昨天的那件衣服。

Our English teacher is wearing the same
clothes that he wore yesterday.
[
精讲8个考纲词汇
1．matter vi.要紧，重要；有重大关系n．物质；问题；毛病
(1)单句语法填空
①It doesn't matter to me if I miss my train, because there's another one later.
②Is the global warming a matter of life and death to mankind
③I lost my way in complete darkness and，to make matters (matter)worse，it began to rain.
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
|
更为糟糕的是，由于严重的脚伤，我无法按计划和你一起去书店了。

①To make matters worse，because of the serious foot injury，I can't go to the bookstore as planned with you.(matters)
②What's worse/Even worse/Worse still，because of the serious foot injury，I can't go to the bookstore as planned with you.(worse)
先理解再牢记
(1)It doesn't matter.没关系。

It matters/doesn't matter (to sb.)＋主语从句(对某人来说)……有关系，重要/没关系，不重要
(2)a matter of ...一个……的问题
as a matter of fact 事实上；实际上
)
to make matters worse＝what's worse 更糟糕的是
[佳句背诵]Of course we should reduce the effect of pollution，which is a matter of life and death.
v．理解；认为，猜想；假想；设想
(1)单句语法填空
①What time are you supposed (suppose) to be there
②The meeting was supposed to be held(hold)on Tuesday.
③Suppose/Supposing(that) (suppose) your car should break down on the road，what would you do then
(2)[链接写作]——词汇升级
￥
(普通表达)If you can learn something about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance，you will understand the Tang Poems better.
(高级表达)Suppose/Supposing(that) you can learn something about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance，you will understand the Tang Poems better.(suppose)
先理解再牢记
(1)suppose sb./sth.(to be)... 认为某人/某事……
be supposed to do 应该做
be supposed to have done 本该做(而未做)
(2)suppose/supposing(that)... 假使……；假定……
[名师点津]suppose/supposing(that)以及assuming(that)，providing/provided (that)，given(that)可以作连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“如果，假如”表示一种假设条件。

*
vi.感到疼痛，遭受(痛苦)
(1)单句语法填空
①The old m an is said to have gone through a lot of suffering (suffer) during the war.
②She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there.
③The sufferer (suffer) has decided to give up smoking.
(2)[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)He had never suffered such a great loss before in his life，so he
almost lost the hope for life.
①(高级表达)Never before in his life had he suffered such a great loss，so he almost lost the hope for life.(倒装)
，
②(高级表达)Not having suffered such a great loss before in his life，he almost lost the hope for life.(分词短语作状语)
先理解再牢记
(1) suffer vt.遭受；蒙受，后常接pain，loss，defeat，poverty，hunger等名词作宾语
(2)suffer vi.后常接from，表示“受……折磨；受……之苦；患某种疾病”
[佳句背诵]There is no denying that our earth is suffering severe damage.
4．prefer vt.更喜欢，宁愿
(1)单句语法填空
①Some people prefer to do/doing (do) almost everything over the Internet.
.
②I should prefer you not to stay (stay) there too long.
③A teacher should not have a preference (prefer) for any one of his pupils.
④I much prefer jazz to rock music.
(2)[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)Knowing that you love Chinese culture，I invite you to see the Chinese paper­cutting exhibition.
(高级表达)Knowing that you have a preference for Chinese culture，I invite you to see the Chinese paper­cutting exhibition.(preference)
先理解再牢记
(1)prefer doing/to do sth.更喜欢做某事
）
prefer sth.喜欢某物胜过某物
prefer do sth.宁愿某人做某事
(2)prefer doing...to doing...
＝prefer to do...rather than do...
＝would do...rather than do...
＝would rather do...than do...相比于……更喜欢做……
(3)have a preference for...偏爱……
[名师点津]①prefer不用于进行时态。

<
②prefer相当于like better，所以prefer不可与比较级连用。

vt.& n．支持；支撑
(1)单句语法填空
①Without the support of my parents I would not have hung on to the end.
②In support of his sister，he sold his only house to pay the school fee.
③I prefer to support myself (me) after graduation from college.
(2)[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)Our government offers help to the graduates who plan to run their own businesses.
，
(高级表达)Our government offers support to the graduates who plan to run their own businesses.(support)
先理解再牢记
(1)support do sth.支持某人做某事
support oneself 自力更生
(2)lend/give/offer support to sb.支持某人
win/get support from 赢得……的支持/拥护
in support of...＝in favor of...为了支持/拥护……
with/without the support of 有/没有……的支持
?
[佳句背诵]We must produce evidence in support of our theory.
6．otherwise conj.否则；不然adv.用别的方法；其他方面
(1)单句语法填空
①He should have been working，but he was otherwise engaged.
②She wasn't feeling very well，otherwise she wouldn't have left(leave) the meeting so quickly.
(2)[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)We must not，we'll be too late.
(高级表达)We must run，otherwise we'll be too late.(otherwise)
|
先理解再牢记
(1)otherwise conj.＝or(else)/if not否则；要不然
(2)otherwise adv.＝in another or a different way用别的方法或不同的方法
(3)otherwise adj.＝other/different另外的；其他的
[名师点津]当otherwise后接句子，表示否定意义时，如果是假想的或与事实相反的情况，从句要用虚拟语气。

n．距离；远方；疏远v.与……疏远
(1)单句语法填空
①As far as I'm concerned，the picture looks more beautiful at a distance.
…
②The noise of the car died away in the distance.
③The mountains rolled away to the distant(distance) horizon.
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
对你的同学冷淡使你很难与他们交朋友。

Keeping your classmates at a distance makes it hard for you to make friends with them.
先理解再牢记
(1)in the distance 在远处
from a distance 从远处
—
at a distance(of)在……远的地方；距离稍远
(2)keep one's distance(from)(与……)保持距离
keep a distance 对某人冷淡，与某人疏远；与某人保持一定距离
[佳句背诵]If I were you，I would keep my distance from that dog.
vi.抱怨；投诉
(1)写出下列句中complain的含义
①He complained that he couldn't find a job anywhere.抱怨
②I want to complain about the washing machine that I bought last month; it stopped working again.投诉
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(2)单句语法填空
①I am now writing to make a complaint (complain)against/about the service of your hotel.
②She often complains about/of not feeling appreciated at work.
(3)[链接写作]——一句多译
对于她的恶劣态度，我要投诉。

①I want to complain about her bad attitude.(complain)
②I want to make a complaint about her bad attitude.(complaint)
先理解再牢记
>
(1)complain that ...抱怨……
complain (to sb.) about/of sth.(向某人)抱怨某事
complain against/about sth.抱怨/投诉某事
(2)complaint n．抱怨，投诉
make a complaint against/about 抱怨；投诉……
[佳句背诵]People complain about how children spend so much time on computer games.
诠释4个核心短语
1．go off (铃、爆竹等)响；爆炸；(人)离开(去做某事)；(食物等)变质；变差(
(1)写出下列句中go off的含义
①Fireworks are going off all over the city. 响，爆炸
②She went off to get a drink. 离开
③Meat goes off quickly in hot weather. 变质
(2)单句语法填空
①Go over your homework carefully before you hand it in.
②If you go against nature，it will punish you.
③They were always ready to go through fire and water for the sake of the friends.
—
先理解再牢记
go against 反对，违背；不利于
go ahead 开始；进行
go over 复习；检查
go through 浏览；经历；仔细检查
[佳句背诵]Then the fire alarm went just grabbed my clothes and ran out.
up拿起；接受；学着做/开始做；继续；占用(时间)；占据(空间)
(1) 写出下列句中take up的含义
》
①You should take up my suggestion and start saving money.接受
②She took up the receiver and began to dial the number.拿起
③They have taken up golf.学着做
④She took up the story where Tim had left off.继续
(2)单句语法填空
①He is always ready to take on heavy responsibilities.
②He will take over my job while I am on holiday.
③I managed to rent a big enough house to take in a handful of people.
%
(3)[链接写作]——完成句子
因此，分析完我的长处和不足之后，我决定学文科。

Therefore，having analyzed my strengths and weaknesses I elected to take up arts．
先理解再牢记
take on 呈现；具有
take off 起飞
take down 记下
take back 收回(说过的话)
?
take in 吸收；容纳；理解
take over 接管；接手
[佳句背诵]①We eventually took off at 11 o'clock and arrived in Venice at 1：
30.
②She decided that I was the ideal person to take over the job.
the moment此刻，目前；那时
(1)单句语法填空
①At that moment，I realized that if I set my mind to something，nothing was impossible.
②For the moment，at least，they all seem to support the idea.
'
③He isn't call again in a moment.
④The moment I arrived in Paris，I was greeted by a nice French couple who would become my host parents.
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
为了实现梦想，我们应该随时迎接新的挑战。

In order to make our dream come true，we should meet new challenges at any moment．
先理解再牢记
at this/that moment 这时/那时
at any moment 随时，马上
/
for the moment 目前，暂时
for a moment 一会儿
in a moment 马上，过一会儿(常用于将来时)
the moment(that) 一……就……
[名师点津]“一……就……”家族聚会：
as soon as；the instant; immediately; the minute; the moment; directly；on/upon＋名词或动名词；hardly...when...; scarcely...when...; barely...when...; no sooner...than...
4．come up with提出；想出
(1)单句语法填空
：
①How did it come about that you were late for half an hour in such a short trip
②I'll let you know if anything comes up．
③The answer came to her in a flash of inspiration.
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
当提到英语学习时，王霏对此感到很烦恼。

①When it came to English study, Wang Fei felt so upset about it.
我在大街上闲逛的时候遇到了久未见面的两位朋友。

②While wandering in the street, I came across two friends I hadn't seen for a long time.
`
先理解再牢记
come about 发生；产生
come across 遇见；(偶然)发现；被理解
come out 出版；出来
come up 走近；发生；被提出；被提及
come on 来吧；赶快；进行
come to (指看法)被想出；共计为
when it comes to... 当涉及……；当谈到……
】
[佳句背诵] A number of standards changes have come about in the past year.
突破3个高考句型
1．(教材P8)I always take my portable TV and I sit on the stone wall while the dog walks round in a circle.
我总是带着我的手提电视，在石墙上坐着，而狗转着圈走。

[句型公式]while 在此处表示“而；却”，是并列连词，构成并列句。

(1)写出下列句子中while的含义
①While I admit that there are problems，I don't agree that they cannot be solved.虽然；尽管
—
②—I wonder how much you charge for your services.
—The first two are free while the third costs $30.而，却
③He fell asleep while he was doing his homework.当……时候
(2)单句改错
The south of the country grows richer，when the north grows →while
(3)[链接写作]——完成句子
尽管我愿意帮忙，可我没有足够的时间。

While I am willing to help，I don't have much time.
}
先理解再牢记
while用法较多，既可用作连词，也可用作名词。

(1)表示“在……期间；当……时候”，指一段时间，引导时间状语从句；
(2)表示“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句；
(3)用作名词，表示“一会儿；一段时间”，如after a while过了一会儿；once in
a while偶尔，间或。

[佳句背诵]Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer place.
2.(教材P14)Usually，it's so crowded that I can't find anywhere to sit.
通常地铁很拥挤，以至于我找不到坐的地方。

》
[句型公式]句中包含了so...that...固定结构，意为“如此……以至于……”。

(1)单句语法填空
①The pop star sang so beautifully that he was asked to sing more songs.
②There is so much work to do that I won't be able to take off this year.
③It was such bad weather that we had to stay at home all the day.
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
他是一位很负责的老师，我们都被深深地感动了。

①He was so responsible a teacher that we were all deeply moved.(so...that)
《
②He was such a responsible teacher that we were all deeply
moved.(such...that)
先理解再牢记
(1)so后跟形容词或副词，在句中引导结果状语从句。

其结构如下：
so＋adj./adv.＋that...
so＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋that...
so＋many/few＋复数名词＋that...
so＋much/little(少)＋不可数名词＋that...
(2)such...that...如此……以至于……
》
such＋a(n)＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that...
such＋adj.＋复数名词/不可数名词＋that...
3.(教材P15)We don't have the_same work hours that office workers in the city have.
我们和城市里在办公室工作的人的上班时间不同。

[句型公式]本句使用了the same ...that句型，先行词前有the same作定语时，引导定语从句的关系词只能用that或as。

(1)单句语法填空
①This is the same sma rtphone that I lost the other day.(表示同一个)
②This is the same smartphone as I lost the other day.(表示同一类)
:
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
我们都喜欢像他这样的好老师。

He is such a good teacher as we all love．
先理解再牢记
(1)the same ( ...) that意为“和……一样”，定语从句中that所指代的人或物与先行词是同一个
(2)the same ( ...) as ...意为“和……一样，和……相似”，定语从句中as所指代的人或物与先行词是同一类
[名师点津]such/so...as意为“像/诸如……的”时，as引导的是定语从句，指代先行词并在从句中充当句子成分。

》
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．As a matter of fact, I'm going there tomorrow.
2．I prefer staying home to going (go) out with them.
3．If we never put career first, how can a family exist without the support of the society
4．After sixteen years of marriage they have grown bored(bore)with each other.
5．The mumber of employees was reduced from 40 to 25.
6．A path winds its way across the village into the distance (distant)．;
7．The message is very urgent，so it is supposed to_be_sent(send)as soon as possible.
8．The programme is designed to_help(help)people who have been out of work for a long time.
9．Under no circumstances will China be the first to_use(use)nuclear weapons.
10．Your positive attitude toward life will make a difference to your future.
11．In this book you will find the reasons for this common complaint(complain)．12．Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you're trying to get work done.
13．Many Chinese brands，having developed their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges(challenge) from the modern market.
14．It took him a long time to repair desks and chairs in the classroom.
>
15．They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．I found myself in an entirely new world at the moment I arrived in Beijing.
去掉at 2．Please wear warm clothes in order not to suffer cold.
suffer后加from 3．I'm quite interested in the job advertising in today's newspaper.
advertising→advertised 4．Le Jia has the same hairstyle that Meng Fei has.
that→as 5．The question came up with at the meeting yesterday.
去掉with 6．I was ill that day，and I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
and→otherwise
7．To be frank，I would prefer play football to jogging.
play→playing 8．The book is designed to a reference manual(手册)．
to→as 9．As well as learn English，we learn Chinese.
第一个learn→learning 10．I'm afraid you can't find anybody to help you at a moment.
a→the
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
根据P8课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In the morning Brian Blakey doesn't get up turns on the television and watches the children's 1．programmes(programme) and old movies until about half-past he gets up，(go)downstairs and switches on the TV in the (live) noon he has biscuits and a glass of milk 4．for lunch and watches the the evenings，he often watches TV series or sport and the news (usual)switches off the TV at about 2：00.
Bob Black always gets up early and usually wakes up about 5 minutes 6．before his alarm clock goes he is always the first person get(get)to the is very busy all minute of the day is filled with (urge) matters. When he gets home，he looks at some documents that he brings back from the office so that he can be ready for next day's seldom has time for family (complain) about it, but he likes being busy.
Ⅱ.写作改错双练
根据提示，运用本单元所学知识完成下面的小作文，并改正学生习作。

1．李华目前很忙，工作占据了他大部分时间。

(at the moment，take up)
2．他认为生活中充满了挑战，机会是为那些勤奋的人而设计的。

(be filled with，be designed for)
3．因此，他宁愿忍受远离家乡的痛苦，也不愿做一个终日懒散在家的人。

(suffer from，prefer to do than do sth.)
4．每天闹钟一响他就起床，开始忙碌的一天。

他经常是第一个到达并且最后一个离开办公室的人。

(go off)
5．下班后他会听听音乐以放松自己，也会打开电视收看新闻。

然而，他对电视连续剧不感兴趣，因此很少转换频道。

(switch on，switch over，用so...that 连接)
6．数年间，他一直在业余时间通过互联网进行远程学习。

(distance learning) 7．如今作为部门经理，李华说，没有父母和亲朋好友的支持，他就不可能成功。

(support)
第一步练写作
用适当的连接词将上述句子连成一篇短文。

____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________第二步练改错
下面是李明针对本文的习作，其中有5处错误，请你帮他纠正过来。

Li Hua is very busy at the moment and work takes up most of his time. In his opinion, life is filling with challenges and chances are designed to those hard working people. So he prefers to suffer from being far away from his home rather than become a couch potato.
Every day, he gets up and starts a busy day at the moment his alarm clock goes off. He is often the first one to get to the office and the last to leave. After work he either listens to music to relax him or switches on the TV to watch news. However，he is so bored with the TV series that he seldom switches over. Over the years，he has spent his spare time on the distance learning on the Internet.
As the manager of his department at present, without the support from his parents and friends, Li Hua said, he can't have succeeded.
【答案】
Li Hua is very busy at the moment and work takes up most of his time. In his
opinion, life is filling
filled with challenges and chances are designed
to
for those hard
working people. So he prefers to suffer from being far away from his home rather than become a couch potato.
Every day, he gets up and starts a busy day ﹨a t the moment his alarm clock goes off. He is often the first one to get to the office and the last to leave. After work he
either listens to music to relax
him
himself or switches on the TV to watch news.
However，he is so bored with the TV series that he seldom switches over. Over the years，he has spent his spare time on the distance learning on the Internet.
As the manager of his department at present, without the support from his
parents and friends, Li Hua said, he
can't
couldn't have succeeded.。