【ZKW】2016中考英语命题研究(冀教专版)语法突破：专题五介词和介词短语

专题五介词和介词短语,河北中考五年命题规律及趋势介词是河北中考单项选择的必考点，主要考查介词的固定搭配，如：write with(用……写)，at age ＋数字(在……岁时)，be different from(不同于……)。

同时也注重on的基本用法，如：on表时间、方位、方向等，同时涉及on与其他介词的辨析，如in，at，for，to，by，of等。

设题形式多为简单句，以两个分句居多，词数为9～12。

另外，完形填空中也会涉及介词或介词短语的辨析，如：with表伴随，from表来源，like表列举，同时涉及其他介词的辨析，如above，under，for，into，of等。

此外，也涉及到了介词的固定搭配，如：on the right(在右边)，think about(考虑)等。

预计2016年河北中考的单项选择仍会与2015保持一致，对介词考查不会有太大变化。

,河北中考重难点突破介词【考点抢测】()1.—Maybe you should call him up.—But I don't want to talk with him ______ the phone.A．on B．at C．in D．with()2.In America，people start celebrating the New Year ________ December 31st.A．in B．at C．on D．for()3.(2015唐山12中模拟)Lisa was born on May 1st，and my birthday is also ________ that month.A．over B．in C．on D．at()4.(2015张家口9中模拟)Most of my classmates go to school ______ bike.A．at B．by C．on D．in()5.________ the book，the teacher comes into the classroom.A．With B．At C．On D．In()6.Before the bridge was built ________ the river，the villagers had to take a boat to the other side.A．in B．besideC．across D．along【满分点拨】一、时间介词的辨析和用法1．in，on，at口诀记忆年月周前要用in，具体日子却不行；遇到几号要用on，上午下午又用in；要说某日上下午，用on替换in才行；午夜黄昏和黎明，只用at不用in，at也在时分前。

2．in，after，before二、地点、方位介词的辨析和用法1．at，on，inin用于较大的地方前(如：国家、城市、乡镇、地域等)。

in the city在城市in Guilin在桂林in China在中国在周围的环境是立体的地方(即：)。

in a forest在森林里in the classroom在教室里用于某些习语中。

in the sky在天空上in space在空间on与……表面相接触(即：)。

on the floor在地板上在任何广阔的面上。

on the farm/moon在农场/在月亮上2.over，above，under，below介词用法图示例句over“在……正上方”，表示两者不接触。

We can build a bridge over the river.我们可以在河上建一座桥。

under“在……正下方”，表示两者不接触。

My cat is lying under the chair.我的猫正躺在椅子下面。

above “在……的上方”，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直。

The plane is flyingabove the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。

below “在……的下方”，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直。

The coat reaches belowthe knees.那件大衣盖过膝盖。

三、方式、手段或工具介词的辨析和用法介词用法例句with 后跟具体的工具，与后面的名词或代词构成介词短语，指“借助于，用”，后面跟人称代词时表示“和……一起”，表示伴随状况，在句中做状语。

此外，with还可以表示“带有，具有”。

I often do my h-ome work with a pen.我经常用钢笔写家庭作业。

in表示使用某种语言，用墨水、颜色、颜料等原料，在名词前不加冠词。

Can you say it in English？你能用英语说吗？Please write it in ink.请用墨水把它写下来。

四、其他常见介词的用法1．over“遍及；超过”如：There are over two hundred people in the park.公园里有两百多人。

My friends are over the world.我的朋友遍天下。

2．against“反对”如：We will play against them this afternoon.今天下午我们跟他们比赛。

3．into“在……里”如：Mr.White came into the classroom with a smile.怀特先生面带笑容走进教室。

4．from“从……”如：We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五上学。

5．for“为，给”如：Mother bought a pen for me.妈妈给我买了一支钢笔。

6．of“……的”如：a map of China一幅中国地图7．without“没有”如：He often goes to work without breakfast.他经常不吃早餐就去上班。

8．to“给，对，到，往”如：go to school上学；give a kite to me把风筝给我；from here to the park从这里到公园介词短语【考点抢测】()1.Welcome to our school，ladies and gentlemen.________ start with，I'd like to introduce myself. A．To B．At C．With D．On()2.The man tried several times to start the car，and he succeeded ________ the end.A．at B．in C．on D．by()3.David suddenly felt nervous.________ all，it was his first time to go on stage.A．At B．After C．By D．In()4.(2015石家庄41中模拟)The charity provides homeless people ________ food and clothes. A．with B．for C．as D．to()5.Hearing from this good news，her eyes are filled ________ tears.A．on B．at C．with D．in()6.The coat is made ________ animal's fur.That is cruel.A．of B．for C．from D．in【满分点拨】介词＋名词at home在家里；at school在学校；at noon在中午；at night 在晚上；at work在工作；at sea在大海上；at the same time 同时；at times有时；at breakfast早餐时；at midnight在午夜；at the moment在此刻；after a while过了一会by bus乘公共汽车；by the way顺便说；by the time到……时候；by turns轮流；by mistake错误地；by the door在门口in hospital住院；in the hospital在医院；in the end最后；in order 整整齐齐；in order to以便；in no time很快就……；in the daytime在白天；in turn轮流；in time及时；in front在前方；in English用英语；in the future将来的某个时刻；in future(整,河北中考考点精练()1.(2015南京中考)In the picture，the chair is________ the table.A．under B．on C．above D．beside()2.(2015重庆中考A卷)A terrible earthquake happened in Nepal ________ April 25th，2015. A．on B．in C．at D．from()3.(2015潍坊中考)You must be careful when you swim________ the lake.A．across B．belowC．over D．through()4.(2015安徽中考)The Dragon Boat Festival this year will come ________ four days.A．after B．for C．during D．in()5.(2015连云港中考)It is great________ us to get so many favorite books on International Children's Book Day.A．to B．with C．of D．for()6.(2015临沂中考)For many Western people，they drink cold water even________ winter.A．on B．for C．at D．in()7.(2015资阳中考)When I got into the room，Green was talking ________ the phone.A．on B．with C．to D．in()8.(2015保定8中模拟)This photo reminded the old man ________ the days when he was young.A．with B．for C．by D．of()9.(2015宜昌中考)—Many teenagers put mobile gaming ________ other things and spend too much time on it.—That's really bad.A．up to B．as forC．ahead of D．along with()10.(2015抚顺中考)It's impolite for a guest to leave________ saying goodbye.A．with B．withoutC．after D．for()11.(2015石家庄20中模拟)The traffic accident happened ________ Saturday. Luckily，no one was hurt.A．at B．in C．on D．for()12.(2015衡水三模)Kamin sat on the side of the river cooking a meal，________ a bird on his head.A．from B．into C．about D．with()13.(2015保定二模)The bird's singing came into our room ________ the window and woke me up in the early morning.A．down B．fromC．through D．across()14.(2015张家口中考模拟)Healthy eating ________ regular exercise is the best way to keep fit.A．less than B．instead ofC．such as D．together with()15.(2015保定实验中学模拟)We'll play basketball ________ Class 3 tomorrow.A．over B．againstC．to D．for()16.(2016原创预测)________ our surprise.MH370 has not been found since it was lost on March 8，2014.A．With B．In C．To D．By()17.(2015承德2中模拟)The blind man walked across the street ________ the help of a boy.A．by B．at C．in D．with()18.(2016原创预测)Some workers in that factory have to work ________ night.A．at B．for C．with D．among()19.(2016原创预测)Everyone wants to win.But ________ me，the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.A．as for B．thanks toC．instead of D．such as()20.(2016原创预测)Mr.Green's office is ________ the 26th floor.You can take the lift there.A.at B．in C．on D．for。