生物名词中英文对照

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生物名词中英文对照

生物名词中英文对照

生物名词中英文对照ep01:crab:螃蟹landcrab:地蟹urchin:海胆jelly:水母;海蜇fish:鱼giantclam:砗磲herring:鲱鱼bird:鸟gull:海鸥;鸥turnstone:翻石鹬sandpiper:矶鹬wader:涉禽mantis:螳螂frog:青蛙;蛙tadpole:蝌蚪treefrog:树蛙rainfrog:雨蛙owlbutterfly:猫头鹰蝶insect:昆虫wasp:蜂;胡蜂caterpillar:毛虫cabbagewhite:菜粉蝶mosquito:蚊Midascichlid:双冠丽鱼sawfly:叶蜂assassinbug:猎蝽snowgoose:雪雁Arcticfox:北极狐saltwatercrocodile:湾鳄crocodile:鳄鱼crestedhawk:凤头鹃隼peripatus:栉蚕worm:虫;蠕虫;蚯蚓centipede:蜈蚣tsetsefly:舌蝇;采采蝇gnat:蚋mushroom:蘑菇sealouse:鱼虱pipefish:海龙stickleback:刺鱼sealion:海狮antelope:羚羊;牛羚;角马chinchilla:毛丝鼠;粟鼠;绒鼠hyena:鬣狗;土狼bat:蝙蝠mammal:哺乳动物ChristmasIslandcrab:圣诞地蟹ant:蚂蚁ep02:elephantseal:象海豹tern:燕鸥fish:鱼gull:海鸥;鸥lacebug:网蝽lacewing:草蛉;草蜻蛉jumpingspider:跳蛛snowgoose:雪雁duck:鸭goose:雁ground-livingbird:走禽Arcticfox:北极狐mammal:哺乳动物opossum:负鼠bee:蜜蜂kangaroo:袋鼠wallaby:沙袋鼠;小袋鼠antelope:羚羊;牛羚;角马saiga:高鼻羚羊;赛加羚羊steppeeagle:草原雕;大花雕;角雕scorpion:蝎子shrew:鼩鼱insect:昆虫eiderduck:绒鸭mara:兔豚鼠;马拉豚鼠;长耳豚鼠guineapig:豚鼠bat:蝙蝠free-tailedbat:犬吻蝠pine:松树Floridascrubjay:佛罗里达灌丛鸦indigosnake:森王蛇;靛青蛇wren:鹪鹩woodpecker:啄木鸟moorhen:黑水鸡elephant:象chimpanzee:黑猩猩albatross:信天翁tigershark:虎鲨ep03:spectacledbear:眼镜熊woollyspidermonkey:绒毛蛛猴smallredpanda:小熊猫bamboo:竹goldenbamboolemur:金竹狐猴;金竹驯狐猴insect:昆虫caterpillar:毛虫plaguebeetle:天牛beetle:甲虫milkweed:马利筋marmoset:狨猴poppy:罂粟bumblebee:熊蜂bee:蜜蜂combretum:风车子monkey:猴squirrelmonkey:松鼠猴tamarin:小绢猴capuchin:卷尾猴;僧帽猴bird:鸟lizard:蜥蜴heliconia:蝎尾蕉;赫蕉;海里康hummingbird:蜂鸟violetsabre-wing:紫刀翅蜂鸟sabre-wing:刀翅蜂鸟columnea:金鱼花;鲸鱼花;可伦花;串金鱼mountaingemhummer:宝石蜂鸟Indianlangurmonkey:长尾叶猴flameoftheforest:凤凰木ant:蚂蚁mulgatree:金合欢树mangabey:白眉猴chimp:黑猩猩agouti:驼鼠oak:橡树lemur:狐猴aye-aye:指猴spinypocketmouse:异鼠;刺囊鼠macaw:金刚鹦鹉parrot:鹦鹉eagle:雕;鹰knot:漂鹬;红腹滨鹬dunlin:滨鹬;黑腹滨鹬mollusc:软体动物redshank:红脚鹬shrimp:虾crustacean:甲壳动物stork:鹳heron:苍鹭;鹭egret:鹭;白鹭openbill:钳嘴鹳spoonbill:琵鹭fish:鱼barracuda:梭鱼pelican:鹈鹕gull:海鸥;鸥long-earedtenrec:穴居稻田猬termite:白蚁gecko:壁虎orbspider:圆蛛;金蛛nephila:络新妇fly:苍蝇;蝇;蚊;虻argyrodes:寄居姬蛛tropicbird:鹲;热带鸟frigate:军舰鸟ep04:greatskua:大贼鸥skua:贼鸥seabird:海鸟kittiwake:三趾鸥puffin:角嘴海雀;海鹦greaterblack-backedgull:大黑背鸥lesserblack-back:小黑背鸥;灰林银鸥seal:海豹sealion:海狮SouthAmericansealion:南美海狮whale:鲸dolphin:海豚killerwhale:虎鲸;逆戟鲸;杀手鲸fishingcat:渔猫domesticcat:家猫mouse:鼠rabbit:野兔;兔frog:青蛙;蛙bird:鸟fish:鱼Slug:蛞蝓thirstsnake:食螺蛇Americanopossum:北美负鼠dingo:澳洲野犬frilledlizard:伞蜥viper:蝰蛇tomatofrog:安东暴蛙spottedskunk:斑臭鼬stripedskunk:条纹臭鼬;加拿大臭鼬salamander:蝾螈bug:蝽;昆虫wasp:蜂;胡蜂snake:蛇caterpilla:毛虫ant:蚂蚁planthopper:蜡蝉spider:蜘蛛fruitfly:果蝇insect:昆虫moss:苔藓bushcricket:丛蟋thornbug:角蝉orchid:兰mantis:螳螂butterfly:蝴蝶termite:白蚁assassinbug:猎蝽deathadder:棘蛇skink:石龙子worm:虫;蠕虫;蚯蚓bluetit:青山雀;蓝山雀hawkmoth:天蛾bromeliad:凤梨armyant:行军蚁;军蚁scorpion:蝎子millipede:马陆hawk:鹰eagle:雕;鹰Harris'shawk:栗翅鹰saguarocactus:弁庆柱;萨瓜罗掌pricklypear:仙人掌packrat:林鼠cottontailrabbit:林兔;棉尾兔chimpanzee:黑猩猩monkey:猴Dianamonkey:黛安娜长尾猴spot-nosedmonkey:白鼻长尾猴redcolobus:红疣猴ep05:baboon:狒狒bird:鸟spottedhyena:斑鬣狗hyena:鬣狗;土狼bushbaby:婴猴galago:婴猴tentcaterpillar:天幕毛虫swiftlet:金丝燕mammal:哺乳动物bat:蝙蝠insect:昆虫riverdolphin:江豚fish:鱼catfish:鲶鱼rufouselephantshrew:赤象鼩elephantshrew:象鼩black-shoulderedkite:黑肩鸢oak:橡树jay:松鸦ant:蚂蚁cataglyphis:箭蚁death's-headhawkmoth:鬼面天蛾;骷髅天蛾honeybee:蜜蜂potato:马铃薯spinylobster:真龙虾lobster:龙虾triggerfish:鳞鲀greenturtle:绿海龟turtle:海龟Arctictern:北极燕鸥tern:燕鸥rufoushummingbird:棕煌蜂鸟hummingbird:蜂鸟royalalbatross:皇家信天翁albatross:信天翁elver:鳗苗eel:鳗ep06:bear:熊wolf:狼bat:蝙蝠mollusc:软体动物hermitcrab:寄居蟹rosybee-eater:粉红蜂虎bee-eater:蜂虎prairiedog:草原犬鼠ferret:鼬spide:蜘蛛insect:昆虫web-spinner:足丝蚁caterpillar:毛虫moth:蛾tentcaterpillar:天幕毛虫hermithummingbird:隐蜂鸟hummingbird:蜂鸟Indiantailorbird:长尾缝叶莺tent-makingbat:尾皮蝠weaverbird:织雀;织布鸟shag:鸬鹚bird:鸟tern:燕鸥rabbit:野兔;兔beaver:海狸wasp:蜂;胡蜂Europeanwasp:德国黄胡蜂Malaysianhoverwasp:洁平狭腹胡蜂ant:蚂蚁gianthornet:虎头蜂;胡蜂bee:蜜蜂tropicalstinglessbee:麦蜂potterwasp:蜾蠃cliffswallow:美洲燕;崖燕termite:白蚁fungus:真菌ep07:sambardeer:水鹿egret:鹭;白鹭langurmonkey:叶猴spotteddeer:花鹿;斑鹿deer:鹿monkey:猴goby:虾虎shrimp:虾fish:鱼alga:藻类;海藻anemone:海葵hermitcrab:寄居蟹ragworm:沙蚕octopus:章鱼ant:蚂蚁caterpillar:毛虫treeant:织叶蚁grasshopper:螽斯;蝗虫;蚱蜢dairycow:奶牛butterfly:蝴蝶insect:昆虫flea:跳蚤;蚤bird:鸟starling:椋鸟louse:虱子bumblebee:熊蜂mite:螨spider:蜘蛛featherlouse:羽虱beemite:蜂螨milkweed:马利筋moth:蛾bat:蝙蝠mouse:鼠beetle:甲虫tick:蜱;扁虱finch:雀;地雀gianttortoise:象龟fish:鱼mantaray:蝠鲼sealouse:鱼虱barnacle:藤壶grouper:石斑鱼wrasse:濑鱼;裂唇鱼cleanerfish:濑鱼coral:珊瑚morayeel:海鳝;鯙suckerfish:鮣鱼remora:鮣鱼giraffe:长颈鹿oxpecker:牛椋鸟worm:虫;蠕虫;蚯蚓tapeworm:绦虫roundworm:线虫;蛔虫backbonedanimal:脊椎动物amphibian:两栖动物reptile:爬行动物mammal:哺乳动物threadworm:丝虫;蛲虫mosquito:蚊protozoan:原生动物snail:蜗牛;螺fluke:吸虫flycatcher:鹟flatworm:扁形动物;扁虫microscopicorganism:微生物buffalo:非洲水牛;非洲野牛leech:水蛭;蚂蟥ep08:anemone:海葵strawberryfrog:火红箭毒蛙hummingbird:蜂鸟egret:鹭;白鹭bird:鸟rovebeetle:隐翅虫fly:苍蝇;蝇;蚊;虻monkey:猴insect:昆虫damselfly:豆娘;蟌Midascichlid:双冠丽鱼frog:青蛙;蛙pistolshrimp:鼓虾fish:鱼crustacean:甲壳动物mantisshrimp:虾蛄wasp:蜂;胡蜂caterpillar:毛虫rattlesnake:响尾蛇wolf:狼deer:鹿dog:狗cat:猫zebra:斑马giraffe:长颈鹿lion:狮gorilla:大猩猩bamboo:竹langur:叶猴hippo:河马Malaysianfly:突眼蝇;炳眼蝇fieldcricket:蟋蟀mudcrab:青蟹elephant:象stagbeetle:锹甲;锹形虫Herculesbeetle:巨犀金龟;长戟大兜虫beetle:甲虫antleredfly:鹿角蝇ibex:羱羊Alaskanmoose:阿拉斯加驼鹿moose:驼鹿gazelle:瞪羚Grant'sgazelle:葛氏瞪羚ep09:eagle:雕;鹰rabbit:野兔;兔bird:鸟goldeneagle:金雕;红头雕hooperswan:大天鹅;鹄swan:天鹅chicken:鸡cacique:酋长鹂toucan:鵎鵼;巨嘴鸟capuchin:卷尾猴;僧帽猴lion:狮buffalo:非洲水牛;非洲野牛baboon:狒狒vampirebat:吸血蝠bat:蝙蝠donkey:驴dwarfmongoose:侏獴insect:昆虫beetle:甲虫martialeagle:猛雕mammal:哺乳动物nakedmolerat:裸滨鼠;裸鼢鼠snake:蛇leaf-cuttingant:切叶蚁ant:蚂蚁fungus:真菌bacteria:细菌mouse:鼠wasp:蜂;胡蜂bee:蜜蜂monkey:猴rodent:啮齿动物ep10:bird:鸟honeyguide:响蜜鴷bee:蜜蜂Africanbee:非洲蜜蜂wilddog:野犬;野狗gazelle:瞪羚cheetah:猎豹ringedplover:剑鸻skylark:云雀merlin:灰背隼molerat:鼹形鼠nakedmolerat:裸滨鼠;裸鼢鼠lacewing:草蛉;草蜻蛉waterstrider:水黾lily:莲;百合palmcockatoo:棕树凤头鹦鹉bellbird:钟雀screamingpiha:尖声皮哈鸟;尖声伞鸟piha:皮哈鸟Africangroundhornbil:非洲地犀鸟indri:大狐猴gibbon:长臂猿siamang:合趾猿mangabey:白眉猴monkey:猴vervetmonkey:绿猴;草原猴snake:蛇eagle:雕;鹰superbstarling:栗头丽椋鸟starling:椋鸟frog:青蛙;蛙firefly:萤火虫beetle:甲虫fireworm:火刺虫worm:虫;蠕虫;蚯蚓floatingorganism:浮游生物combjelly:栉水母fish:鱼jellyfish:水母Solmissus:嗜阳水母Kiyohimea:裙水母squid:枪乌贼;鱿鱼toadfish:蟾鱼abalone:鲍sealion:海狮tuskedwhale:一角鲸;独角鲸narwhal:一角鲸;独角鲸reefsquid:拟乌贼dolphin:海豚spotteddolphin:细吻海豚;原海豚whale:鲸ep11:Indianflorican:凤头鸨nightingale:歌鸲;夜莺whale:鲸dwarfSiberianhamster:毛足鼠;侏儒仓鼠insect:昆虫fish:鱼butterflyfish:蝶鱼angelfish:棘蝶鱼;刺蝶鱼;神仙鱼;天使鱼booby:鲣鸟blue-footedbooby:蓝脚鲣鸟bird:鸟woodduck:林鸳鸯;美国木鸭merganser:秋沙鸭smew:斑头秋沙鸭goldeneye:鹊鸭duck:鸭mallard:绿头鸭damselfly:豆娘;蟌helicopterdamselfly:大痣蟌hangingfly:蚊蝎蛉fly:苍蝇;蝇;蚊;虻beetle:甲虫tropicbird:鹲;热带鸟marshharrier:沼泽鹞;泽鵟termite:白蚁red-backedsalamander:红背无肺螈salamander:蝾螈ant:蚂蚁moose:驼鹿bat:蝙蝠sac-wingedbat:囊翼蝠silkcottontree:木棉epaulettedbat:肩毛果蝠;颈囊果蝠lyrebird:琴鸟kookaburra:笑翠鸟tragopan:角雉Palawanpeacockpheasant:巴拉望孔雀稚standard-wingedbirdofparadise:幡羽极乐鸟riflebird:掩鼻风鸟;裙风鸟peacock:孔雀bowerbird:园丁鸟satinbowerbird:缎蓝园丁鸟;缎蓝亭鸟parrot:鹦鹉goldenbowerbird:金亭鸟fungus:真菌blackgrouse:黑琴鸡manakin:娇鹟;侏儒鸟club-wingedmanakin:梅花翅娇鹟;梅花翅侏儒鸟blue-crownedmanakin:蓝冠娇鹟;蓝冠侏儒鸟golden-headedmanakin:金头娇鹟;金头侏儒鸟wire-tailedmanakin:线尾娇鹟;线尾侏儒鸟long-tailedmanakin:长尾娇鹟;长尾侏儒鸟antelope:羚羊;牛羚;角马topi:转角牛羚mammal:哺乳动物hyena:鬣狗;土狼ep12:worm:虫;蠕虫;蚯蚓palolo:矶沙蚕barnacle:藤壶fish:鱼blue-headedwrasse:双带锦鱼;双带叶鲷octopus:章鱼dumplingsquid:四盘耳乌贼tortoise:龟ploughsharetortoise:犁头龟;安哥洛卡象龟;马达加斯加角龟elephant:象chinchilla:毛丝鼠;粟鼠;绒鼠spider:蜘蛛tarantula:捕鸟蛛;狼蛛nephila:络新妇fly:苍蝇;蝇;蚊;虻cockroach:蟑螂;蜚蠊mountainduskysalamander:脊口螈salamander:蝾螈amphibian:两栖动物crab:螃蟹butterfly:蝴蝶Heliconius:纯蛱蝶;毒蝶wolf:狼bluegillsunfish:大鳍鳞鳃太阳鱼;蓝鳃太阳鱼;蓝鳃鱼lily-trotter:水雉;稚鸻jacana:水雉;稚鸻sealouse:鱼虱greaterspear-nosedbat:叶口蝠;矛吻蝠sealion:海狮bird:鸟royalalbatross:皇家信天翁albatross:信天翁。

生物化学与分子生物学名词中英文对照表

生物化学与分子生物学名词中英文对照表
组成性基因表达
induction
诱导
repression
阻遏
operator
操纵序列
cis-acting element
顺式作用元件
trans-acting factor
反式作用因子
repressor
阻遏物
activator
激活物
catabolite gene activation protein
CAP分解代谢物基因激活蛋白
解螺旋酶
DNA topoisomerase
DNA拓扑异构酶
single stranded DNA binding protein
单链DNA结合蛋白
gyrase
旋转酶
primosome
引发体
primase
引物酶
DNA ligase
DNA连接酶
origin
起始点
bidirectional replication
核糖体RNA
transfer RNA(tRNA)
转运RNA
messenger RNA(mRNA)
信使RNA
3章biocatalyst
生物催化剂
proximity effect
邻近效应
enzyme

orientation arrange
定向排列
substrate
底物
multielement catalysis
氯霉素
puromycin
嘌呤霉素
cycloheximide
防线菌酮
promoter
启动子
lac operon
乳糖操纵子
temporal specificity

初中生物名词英译

初中生物名词英译
earthwor m 蚯蚓 ecologic ai balance 生态平衡 ecology 生态学 ecosyste m 生态系统 egestion 排遗 egg
蛋,卵 egg cell 卵细胞
endocrine system
内分泌系统
environmental pollution
环境污染 evolution 进化 excretion 排泄 F fertilize 受精 fertilized egg 受精卵 fin 鳍 fish 鱼 food chain 食物链 food web 食物网 fossil 化石 frog 青蛙 fungi 真菌 G gene 基因
毛细管;毛细血管 cell 细胞 cell membrane 细胞膜 cell wall 细胞壁 cerebrum 大脑 character 性状
bioreact or 生物反应 器 biospher e 生物圈 bird 鸟 blood 血液 blood cell 血细胞 blood circulat ion 血液循环 blood plasma 血浆 blood vessel 血管 brain 大脑 C 英文 中文 capillar y 毛细管; 毛细血管 cell 细胞 cell membrane 细胞膜 cell wall 细胞壁 cerebrum 大脑 characte r 性状
reproduc tion 无性生殖
bacteria 细菌 biologic al diversit y 生物多样 性 biology 生物学
bioreactor
生物反应器
biosphere 生物圈 bird 鸟 blood 血液 blood cell 血细胞
blood circulation

生物名词中英文对照

生物名词中英文对照

ep01:crab:螃蟹landcrab:地蟹urchin:海胆jelly:水母;海蜇fish:鱼giantclam:砗磲herring:鲱鱼bird:鸟gull:海鸥;鸥turnstone:翻石鹬sandpiper:矶鹬wader:涉禽mantis:螳螂frog:青蛙;蛙tadpole:蝌蚪treefrog:树蛙rainfrog:雨蛙owlbutterfly:猫头鹰蝶insect:昆虫wasp:蜂;胡蜂caterpillar:毛虫cabbagewhite:菜粉蝶mosquito:蚊Midascichlid:双冠丽鱼sawfly:叶蜂assassinbug:猎蝽snowgoose:雪雁Arcticfox:北极狐saltwatercrocodile:湾鳄crocodile:鳄鱼crestedhawk:凤头鹃隼peripatus:栉蚕worm:虫;蠕虫;蚯蚓centipede:蜈蚣tsetsefly:舌蝇;采采蝇gnat:蚋mushroom:蘑菇sealouse:鱼虱pipefish:海龙stickleback:刺鱼sealion:海狮antelope:羚羊;牛羚;角马chinchilla:毛丝鼠;粟鼠;绒鼠hyena:鬣狗;土狼bat:蝙蝠mammal:哺乳动物ChristmasIslandcrab:圣诞地蟹ant:蚂蚁ep02:elephantseal:象海豹tern:燕鸥fish:鱼gull:海鸥;鸥lacebug:网蝽lacewing:草蛉;草蜻蛉jumpingspider:跳蛛snowgoose:雪雁duck:鸭goose:雁ground-livingbird:走禽Arcticfox:北极狐mammal:哺乳动物opossum:负鼠bee:蜜蜂kangaroo:袋鼠wallaby:沙袋鼠;小袋鼠antelope:羚羊;牛羚;角马saiga:高鼻羚羊;赛加羚羊steppeeagle:草原雕;大花雕;角雕scorpion:蝎子shrew:鼩鼱insect:昆虫eiderduck:绒鸭mara:兔豚鼠;马拉豚鼠;长耳豚鼠guineapig:豚鼠bat:蝙蝠free-tailedbat:犬吻蝠pine:松树Floridascrubjay:佛罗里达灌丛鸦indigosnake:森王蛇;靛青蛇wren:鹪鹩woodpecker:啄木鸟moorhen:黑水鸡elephant:象chimpanzee:黑猩猩albatross:信天翁tigershark:虎鲨ep03:spectacledbear:眼镜熊woollyspidermonkey:绒毛蛛猴smallredpanda:小熊猫bamboo:竹goldenbamboolemur:金竹狐猴;金竹驯狐猴insect:昆虫caterpillar:毛虫plaguebeetle:天牛beetle:甲虫milkweed:马利筋marmoset:狨猴poppy:罂粟bumblebee:熊蜂bee:蜜蜂combretum:风车子monkey:猴squirrelmonkey:松鼠猴tamarin:小绢猴capuchin:卷尾猴;僧帽猴bird:鸟lizard:蜥蜴heliconia:蝎尾蕉;赫蕉;海里康hummingbird:蜂鸟violetsabre-wing:紫刀翅蜂鸟sabre-wing:刀翅蜂鸟columnea:金鱼花;鲸鱼花;可伦花;串金鱼mountaingemhummer:宝石蜂鸟Indianlangurmonkey:长尾叶猴flameoftheforest:凤凰木ant:蚂蚁mulgatree:金合欢树mangabey:白眉猴chimp:黑猩猩agouti:驼鼠oak:橡树lemur:狐猴aye-aye:指猴spinypocketmouse:异鼠;刺囊鼠macaw:金刚鹦鹉parrot:鹦鹉eagle:雕;鹰knot:漂鹬;红腹滨鹬dunlin:滨鹬;黑腹滨鹬mollusc:软体动物redshank:红脚鹬shrimp:虾crustacean:甲壳动物stork:鹳heron:苍鹭;鹭egret:鹭;白鹭openbill:钳嘴鹳spoonbill:琵鹭fish:鱼barracuda:梭鱼pelican:鹈鹕gull:海鸥;鸥long-earedtenrec:穴居稻田猬termite:白蚁gecko:壁虎orbspider:圆蛛;金蛛nephila:络新妇fly:苍蝇;蝇;蚊;虻argyrodes:寄居姬蛛tropicbird:鹲;热带鸟frigate:军舰鸟ep04:greatskua:大贼鸥skua:贼鸥seabird:海鸟kittiwake:三趾鸥puffin:角嘴海雀;海鹦greaterblack-backedgull:大黑背鸥lesserblack-back:小黑背鸥;灰林银鸥seal:海豹sealion:海狮SouthAmericansealion:南美海狮whale:鲸dolphin:海豚killerwhale:虎鲸;逆戟鲸;杀手鲸fishingcat:渔猫domesticcat:家猫mouse:鼠rabbit:野兔;兔frog:青蛙;蛙bird:鸟fish:鱼Slug:蛞蝓thirstsnake:食螺蛇Americanopossum:北美负鼠dingo:澳洲野犬frilledlizard:伞蜥viper:蝰蛇tomatofrog:安东暴蛙spottedskunk:斑臭鼬stripedskunk:条纹臭鼬;加拿大臭鼬salamander:蝾螈bug:蝽;昆虫wasp:蜂;胡蜂snake:蛇caterpilla:毛虫ant:蚂蚁planthopper:蜡蝉spider:蜘蛛fruitfly:果蝇insect:昆虫moss:苔藓bushcricket:丛蟋thornbug:角蝉orchid:兰mantis:螳螂butterfly:蝴蝶termite:白蚁assassinbug:猎蝽deathadder:棘蛇skink:石龙子worm:虫;蠕虫;蚯蚓bluetit:青山雀;蓝山雀hawkmoth:天蛾bromeliad:凤梨armyant:行军蚁;军蚁scorpion:蝎子millipede:马陆hawk:鹰eagle:雕;鹰Harris'shawk:栗翅鹰saguarocactus:弁庆柱;萨瓜罗掌pricklypear:仙人掌packrat:林鼠cottontailrabbit:林兔;棉尾兔chimpanzee:黑猩猩monkey:猴Dianamonkey:黛安娜长尾猴spot-nosedmonkey:白鼻长尾猴redcolobus:红疣猴ep05:baboon:狒狒bird:鸟spottedhyena:斑鬣狗hyena:鬣狗;土狼bushbaby:婴猴galago:婴猴tentcaterpillar:天幕毛虫swiftlet:金丝燕mammal:哺乳动物bat:蝙蝠insect:昆虫riverdolphin:江豚fish:鱼catfish:鲶鱼rufouselephantshrew:赤象鼩elephantshrew:象鼩black-shoulderedkite:黑肩鸢oak:橡树jay:松鸦ant:蚂蚁cataglyphis:箭蚁death's-headhawkmoth:鬼面天蛾;骷髅天蛾honeybee:蜜蜂potato:马铃薯spinylobster:真龙虾lobster:龙虾triggerfish:鳞鲀greenturtle:绿海龟turtle:海龟Arctictern:北极燕鸥tern:燕鸥rufoushummingbird:棕煌蜂鸟hummingbird:蜂鸟royalalbatross:皇家信天翁albatross:信天翁elver:鳗苗eel:鳗ep06:bear:熊wolf:狼bat:蝙蝠mollusc:软体动物hermitcrab:寄居蟹rosybee-eater:粉红蜂虎bee-eater:蜂虎prairiedog:草原犬鼠ferret:鼬spide:蜘蛛insect:昆虫web-spinner:足丝蚁caterpillar:毛虫moth:蛾tentcaterpillar:天幕毛虫hermithummingbird:隐蜂鸟hummingbird:蜂鸟Indiantailorbird:长尾缝叶莺tent-makingbat:尾皮蝠weaverbird:织雀;织布鸟shag:鸬鹚bird:鸟tern:燕鸥rabbit:野兔;兔beaver:海狸wasp:蜂;胡蜂Europeanwasp:德国黄胡蜂Malaysianhoverwasp:洁平狭腹胡蜂ant:蚂蚁gianthornet:虎头蜂;胡蜂bee:蜜蜂tropicalstinglessbee:麦蜂potterwasp:蜾蠃cliffswallow:美洲燕;崖燕termite:白蚁fungus:真菌ep07:sambardeer:水鹿egret:鹭;白鹭langurmonkey:叶猴spotteddeer:花鹿;斑鹿deer:鹿monkey:猴goby:虾虎shrimp:虾fish:鱼alga:藻类;海藻anemone:海葵hermitcrab:寄居蟹ragworm:沙蚕octopus:章鱼ant:蚂蚁caterpillar:毛虫treeant:织叶蚁grasshopper:螽斯;蝗虫;蚱蜢dairycow:奶牛butterfly:蝴蝶insect:昆虫flea:跳蚤;蚤bird:鸟starling:椋鸟louse:虱子bumblebee:熊蜂mite:螨spider:蜘蛛featherlouse:羽虱beemite:蜂螨milkweed:马利筋moth:蛾bat:蝙蝠mouse:鼠beetle:甲虫tick:蜱;扁虱finch:雀;地雀gianttortoise:象龟fish:鱼mantaray:蝠鲼sealouse:鱼虱barnacle:藤壶grouper:石斑鱼wrasse:濑鱼;裂唇鱼cleanerfish:濑鱼coral:珊瑚morayeel:海鳝;鯙suckerfish:鮣鱼remora:鮣鱼giraffe:长颈鹿oxpecker:牛椋鸟worm:虫;蠕虫;蚯蚓tapeworm:绦虫roundworm:线虫;蛔虫backbonedanimal:脊椎动物amphibian:两栖动物reptile:爬行动物mammal:哺乳动物threadworm:丝虫;蛲虫mosquito:蚊protozoan:原生动物snail:蜗牛;螺fluke:吸虫flycatcher:鹟flatworm:扁形动物;扁虫microscopicorganism:微生物buffalo:非洲水牛;非洲野牛leech:水蛭;蚂蟥ep08:anemone:海葵strawberryfrog:火红箭毒蛙hummingbird:蜂鸟egret:鹭;白鹭bird:鸟rovebeetle:隐翅虫fly:苍蝇;蝇;蚊;虻monkey:猴insect:昆虫damselfly:豆娘;蟌Midascichlid:双冠丽鱼frog:青蛙;蛙pistolshrimp:鼓虾fish:鱼crustacean:甲壳动物mantisshrimp:虾蛄wasp:蜂;胡蜂caterpillar:毛虫rattlesnake:响尾蛇wolf:狼deer:鹿dog:狗cat:猫zebra:斑马giraffe:长颈鹿lion:狮gorilla:大猩猩bamboo:竹langur:叶猴hippo:河马Malaysianfly:突眼蝇;炳眼蝇fieldcricket:蟋蟀mudcrab:青蟹elephant:象stagbeetle:锹甲;锹形虫Herculesbeetle:巨犀金龟;长戟大兜虫beetle:甲虫antleredfly:鹿角蝇ibex:羱羊Alaskanmoose:阿拉斯加驼鹿moose:驼鹿gazelle:瞪羚Grant'sgazelle:葛氏瞪羚ep09:eagle:雕;鹰rabbit:野兔;兔bird:鸟goldeneagle:金雕;红头雕hooperswan:大天鹅;鹄swan:天鹅chicken:鸡cacique:酋长鹂toucan:鵎鵼;巨嘴鸟capuchin:卷尾猴;僧帽猴lion:狮buffalo:非洲水牛;非洲野牛baboon:狒狒vampirebat:吸血蝠bat:蝙蝠donkey:驴dwarfmongoose:侏獴insect:昆虫beetle:甲虫martialeagle:猛雕mammal:哺乳动物nakedmolerat:裸滨鼠;裸鼢鼠snake:蛇leaf-cuttingant:切叶蚁ant:蚂蚁fungus:真菌bacteria:细菌mouse:鼠wasp:蜂;胡蜂bee:蜜蜂monkey:猴rodent:啮齿动物ep10:bird:鸟honeyguide:响蜜鴷bee:蜜蜂Africanbee:非洲蜜蜂wilddog:野犬;野狗gazelle:瞪羚cheetah:猎豹ringedplover:剑鸻skylark:云雀merlin:灰背隼molerat:鼹形鼠nakedmolerat:裸滨鼠;裸鼢鼠lacewing:草蛉;草蜻蛉waterstrider:水黾lily:莲;百合palmcockatoo:棕树凤头鹦鹉bellbird:钟雀screamingpiha:尖声皮哈鸟;尖声伞鸟piha:皮哈鸟Africangroundhornbil:非洲地犀鸟indri:大狐猴gibbon:长臂猿siamang:合趾猿mangabey:白眉猴monkey:猴vervetmonkey:绿猴;草原猴snake:蛇eagle:雕;鹰superbstarling:栗头丽椋鸟starling:椋鸟frog:青蛙;蛙firefly:萤火虫beetle:甲虫fireworm:火刺虫worm:虫;蠕虫;蚯蚓floatingorganism:浮游生物combjelly:栉水母fish:鱼jellyfish:水母Solmissus:嗜阳水母Kiyohimea:裙水母squid:枪乌贼;鱿鱼toadfish:蟾鱼abalone:鲍sealion:海狮tuskedwhale:一角鲸;独角鲸narwhal:一角鲸;独角鲸reefsquid:拟乌贼dolphin:海豚spotteddolphin:细吻海豚;原海豚whale:鲸ep11:Indianflorican:凤头鸨nightingale:歌鸲;夜莺whale:鲸dwarfSiberianhamster:毛足鼠;侏儒仓鼠insect:昆虫fish:鱼butterflyfish:蝶鱼angelfish:棘蝶鱼;刺蝶鱼;神仙鱼;天使鱼booby:鲣鸟blue-footedbooby:蓝脚鲣鸟bird:鸟woodduck:林鸳鸯;美国木鸭merganser:秋沙鸭smew:斑头秋沙鸭goldeneye:鹊鸭duck:鸭mallard:绿头鸭damselfly:豆娘;蟌helicopterdamselfly:大痣蟌hangingfly:蚊蝎蛉fly:苍蝇;蝇;蚊;虻beetle:甲虫tropicbird:鹲;热带鸟marshharrier:沼泽鹞;泽鵟termite:白蚁red-backedsalamander:红背无肺螈salamander:蝾螈ant:蚂蚁moose:驼鹿bat:蝙蝠sac-wingedbat:囊翼蝠silkcottontree:木棉epaulettedbat:肩毛果蝠;颈囊果蝠lyrebird:琴鸟kookaburra:笑翠鸟tragopan:角雉Palawanpeacockpheasant:巴拉望孔雀稚standard-wingedbirdofparadise:幡羽极乐鸟riflebird:掩鼻风鸟;裙风鸟peacock:孔雀bowerbird:园丁鸟satinbowerbird:缎蓝园丁鸟;缎蓝亭鸟parrot:鹦鹉goldenbowerbird:金亭鸟fungus:真菌blackgrouse:黑琴鸡manakin:娇鹟;侏儒鸟club-wingedmanakin:梅花翅娇鹟;梅花翅侏儒鸟blue-crownedmanakin:蓝冠娇鹟;蓝冠侏儒鸟golden-headedmanakin:金头娇鹟;金头侏儒鸟wire-tailedmanakin:线尾娇鹟;线尾侏儒鸟long-tailedmanakin:长尾娇鹟;长尾侏儒鸟antelope:羚羊;牛羚;角马topi:转角牛羚mammal:哺乳动物hyena:鬣狗;土狼ep12:worm:虫;蠕虫;蚯蚓palolo:矶沙蚕barnacle:藤壶fish:鱼blue-headedwrasse:双带锦鱼;双带叶鲷octopus:章鱼dumplingsquid:四盘耳乌贼tortoise:龟ploughsharetortoise:犁头龟;安哥洛卡象龟;马达加斯加角龟elephant:象chinchilla:毛丝鼠;粟鼠;绒鼠spider:蜘蛛tarantula:捕鸟蛛;狼蛛nephila:络新妇fly:苍蝇;蝇;蚊;虻cockroach:蟑螂;蜚蠊mountainduskysalamander:脊口螈salamander:蝾螈amphibian:两栖动物crab:螃蟹butterfly:蝴蝶Heliconius:纯蛱蝶;毒蝶wolf:狼bluegillsunfish:大鳍鳞鳃太阳鱼;蓝鳃太阳鱼;蓝鳃鱼lily-trotter:水雉;稚鸻jacana:水雉;稚鸻sealouse:鱼虱greaterspear-nosedbat:叶口蝠;矛吻蝠sealion:海狮bird:鸟royalalbatross:皇家信天翁albatross:信天翁。

生物类中英文术语对照

生物类中英文术语对照

生物类中英文术语对照生物类中英文术语对照生物学是研究生命的科学领域,涉及到许多专业术语。

以下是一些常见的生物类中英文术语对照:1.细胞 - Cell2.细胞膜 - Cell membrane3.细胞核 - Cell nucleus4.细胞质 - Cytoplasm5.基因 - Gene6.DNA - DNA7.RNA - RNA8.蛋白质 - Protein9.酶 - Enzyme10.组织 - Tissue11.器官 - Organ12.系统 - System13.呼吸系统 - Respiratory system14.消化系统 - Digestive system15.循环系统 - Circulatory system16.神经系统 - Nervous system17.免疫系统 - Immune system18.感觉器官 - Sense organs19.植物 - Plant20.动物 - Animal21.真核生物 - Eukaryote22.原核生物 - Prokaryote23.进化 - Evolution24.自然选择 - Natural selection25.种群 - Population26.种 - Species27.物种多样性 - Biodiversity28.生态系统 - Ecosystem29.食物链 - Food chain30.生态位 - Ecological niche31.水生生物 - Aquatic organisms32.陆生生物 - Terrestrial organisms33.哺乳动物 - Mammal34.鸟类 - Bird35.爬行动物 - Reptile36.鱼类 - Fish37.節肢動物 - Arthropod38.昆虫 - Insect39.线虫 - Nematode40.软体动物 - Mollusk41.硬壳动物 - Crustacean42.植物分类 - Plant taxonomy43.界 - Kingdom44.门 - Phylum45.纲 - Class46.目 - Order47.科 - Family48.属 - Genus49.种 - Species50.进化论 - Theory of evolution51.遗传学 - Genetics52.基因组 - Genome53.遗传变异 - Genetic variation54.基因突变 - Gene mutation55.基因表达 - Gene expression56.遗传工程 - Genetic engineering57.克隆 - Cloning58.基因编辑 - Gene editing59.生物技术 - Biotechnology60.生物多样性保护 - Conservation of biodiversity61.细胞分裂 - Cell division62.有丝分裂 - Mitosis63.减数分裂 - Meiosis64.受精 - Fertilization65.胚胎 - Embryo66.胚胎发育 - Embryonic development67.遗传 - Heredity68.基因型 - Genotype69.表现型 - Phenotype70.遗传显性 - Dominant inheritance71.遗传隐性 - Recessive inheritance72.基因型比例 - Genotypic ratio73.表现型比例 - Phenotypic ratio74.自交 - Self-fertilization75.杂交 - Cross-fertilization76.光合作用 - Photosynthesis77.呼吸作用 - Respiration78.发酵 - Fermentation79.光合细菌 - Photosynthetic bacteria80.蓝藻 - Cyanobacteria81.植物生长 - Plant growth82.营养 - Nutrition83.吸收 - Absorption84.植物激素 - Plant hormones85.光周期 - Photoperiodism86.花期 - Flowering period87.叶绿素 - Chlorophyll88.光合作用速率 - Rate of photosynthesis89.光合产物 - Photosynthetic products90.光合产氧 - Oxygen production in photosynthesis91.繁殖 - Reproduction92.雄性 - Male93.雌性 - Female94.配子 - Gamete95.授粉 - Pollination96.传粉 - Pollination by animals97.结实 - Fruiting98.种子 - Seed99.胚 - Embryo100.发芽 - Germination这只是一小部分生物类中英文术语的对照,生物学领域的术语非常广泛。

生物化学常用专业术语中英文对照汇编手册

生物化学常用专业术语中英文对照汇编手册

绪论(prelude)生物化学biochemistry 无机离子inorganic生物分子biomolecular 糖carbohydrate脂lipid核酸nucleic acid蛋白质protein维生素vitamin酶enzyme辅酶coenzyme 激素hormone核苷酸nucleotide氨基酸amino acid 葡萄糖glucose单糖monosaccharide 双糖disaccharide脂肪酸fatty acid克隆技术cloning克隆clone糖类(carbohydrate)糖carbohydrate/saccharide糖生物学glycobiology醛糖aldose酮糖ketose单糖monosaccharide寡/低聚糖oligosaccharide二糖disaccharide三糖trisaccharide多糖polysaccharide复合糖compoud/complex saccharide 链状结构chain structure构型configuration构象conformation异构isomerism 对映体enanthiomer果糖fructose半乳糖galactose甘露糖mannose环状结构ring structure异头物anomer不对称碳原子asymmetric carbon atom 投影式Fischer式透视式Haworth式椅式构象chain form船式构象boat form旋光性optical activity比旋光度specific rotation变旋性mutarotation甜度sweetness半缩醛hemiacetal醛糖酸aldonic acid还原糖reducing sugar醛糖二酸aldaric acid糖醛酸uronic acid糖苷glycoside糖脎osazone/phenylosazone 糠醛furfural蒽酮anthroneN—乙酰葡糖胺NAGN-乙酰—胞壁酸NAM蔗糖sucrose麦芽糖maltose乳糖lactose淀粉starch糖原glycogen纤维素cellulose壳多糖(几丁质)chitin琼脂agar支链淀粉amylopectin直链淀粉amylose肽聚糖peptidoglycan粘肽mucopeptide氨基糖肽glycoaminopeptide磷壁酸teichoic acid软骨素4-或6—硫chondroitin 4—or6-sulfate,CS脂多糖lipopolysaccharide糖蛋白glycoprotein透明质酸hyaluronic acid,HA肝素heparin,HP蛋白聚糖proteoglycan硫酸皮肤素dermatan sulfate,DS硫酸角质素keratan suIfate,KS核心蛋白core protein连接蛋白link protein糖胺聚糖/粘多糖glycosaminoglycan/mucopolysaccharide胞壁酸muramic acid神经氨酸neuraminic acid淀粉酶amylase糊精odextrin磷酸化酶phosphrylase糖肽键glycopeptide linkag脂质(lipid)单脂simple lipid复脂compound lipid 衍生脂质derived lipid 脂肪酸fatty acid,FA 饱和脂肪酸saturated FA不饱和脂肪unsaturated FA单不饱和脂肪酸monounsaturated FA 多不饱和脂肪酸polyunsaturated FA乳化emulsification微团micelle离子型去污剂(乳化剂)ionic detergent 三脂triester甘油glycerolSn命名法Stereospecific Numbering酰基甘油acylglycerol三酰甘油triacylglycerol,TG甘油三脂triglyceride命名法nomenclature乙酰(化)值/价acetylation value酸值/酸价acid value加成反应addition reaction碘值/碘价iodine number or value皂化值saponification value磷脂phospholipid甘油磷酯glycerophospholipid微囊vesicle 磷脂酶phospholipase磷酸甘油脂phosphoglyceride鞘氨醇sphingosine鞘(氨醇)磷脂sphingomyelin神经酰胺ceramide鞘磷脂sphingomyelin糖脂glucolipid/glycolipin鞘糖脂glycosphingolipid必需脂肪酸essential fatty acid蜡wax过氧化作用peroxidation磷脂酰胆碱/卵磷脂lecithin磷脂酰乙醇胺/脑磷脂cephalin 双磷脂酰甘油/心磷脂cardiolipin 萜terpene类固醇/甾醇steroid胆固醇cholesterol蛋白质(protein)化学蛋白质protein,pr蛋白水解酶proteolytic enzyme 蛋白酶proteinase胰蛋白酶trypsin糜蛋白酶chymotrypsin胃蛋白酶pepsin嗜热菌蛋白酶themolysin 氨基酸amino acid,AA等电点isoelectric point,pI标准氨基酸standard amino acid 甘氨酸glycine,Gly,G丙氨酸alanine,Ala,A缬氨酸valine,Val,V亮氨酸lucine,Leu,L异亮氨酸isoleucine,Ile,I丝氨酸serine,Ser,S苏氨酸threonine,Thr,T半胱氨酸cysteine,Cys,C甲硫/蛋氨酸methionine,Met,M 谷氨酸glutamic acid,Glu,E谷氨酰胺glutamine,Gln,Q天冬氨酸aspartic acid,Asp,D天冬酰胺asparagine,Asn,N赖氨酸lysine,Lys,K精氨酸arginine,Arg,R组氨酸histidine,His,H脯氨酸proline,Pro,P苯丙氨酸phenylalanine,Phe,F 色氨酸tryptophan,Trp,W酪氨酸tyrosine,Tyr,Y2,4一二硝基氟苯DNFB苯异硫氰酸酯PITC苯硫乙内酰脲AA PTH-AA苯氨基硫甲酰AA PTC-AA坂口反应Sakaguchi反应乙醛酸反应Hopking-Cole反应肽键peptide bond二硫硝基苯甲酸DTNB (Ellman试剂) 谷胱甘肽(GSH ,Glu-Cys—Gly)肽(链)peptide chain酚试剂反应Folin-Cioculteu反应氨肽酶amino peptidase羧肽酶carboxypeptidase真正单键pure single bond二面角dihedral angle帽化capping部分双键的性质partial double—bond character一级结构primary structure二级结构secondary structure三级结构tertiary structure四级结构quaternary structure二级结构元件secondary structrue element螺旋helixα—螺旋α-Helix氢键hydrogen bond疏水作用hydrophobic interaction范德华力van der Waals forceβ—折叠β—pleated sheet亚基/亚单位subunit自由回转/无规卷曲random coil结构域structural domain次级键(非共价键)noncovalent bond 肌红蛋白myoglobin,Mb对称性symmetry超二级结构(花式)Super-secondary structure肽链peptide chain多肽polypeptide活性肽active peptideα-角蛋白α—keratin丝心蛋白fibroin胶原蛋白collagen血红蛋白hemoglobin,Hb别构作用allosteric interaction别构效应allosteric effect别构蛋白allosteric protein协同效应cooperative effect二磷酸甘油酸BPG核糖核酸酶ribonuclease, RNaseβ-转角β—turn(β-弯曲β-bend,β-回折或发夹结构hairpin structure)纸层析filter—paper chromatography离子交换层析ion—exchange column chromatography简单/纯蛋白质simple protein缀合蛋白质conjugated protein纤维状蛋白质fibrous protein球状蛋白质globular protein二硫键disulfide bond对角线电泳diagonal electrophoresis氨基酸残基amino acid residues同源蛋白质homology protein二面角dihedral angle螺旋帽化helix capping肌球蛋白myosin膜周边蛋白peripheral protein膜内在蛋白antegral protein脂锚定蛋白Lipid-anchored protein变性denaturation变性剂denaturation agent十二烷基硫酸钠SDS复性renaturation珠蛋白globin血红素heme紧张态tense state弛态relaxed state镰刀状细胞贫血病sickle—cell anemia 免疫球蛋白IgG渗透压osmotic pressure沉降系数sedimentation coefficient沉降系数单位Svedberg unit,S凝胶过滤gel filtration聚丙烯酰胺凝胶ployacrylamide gel水化层hydration mantle亲水胶体hydrophilic colloid 双电层electric double layer纯化purification分离isolation透析dialysis密度梯度density gradient盐溶salting in盐析salting out电泳electrophoresis聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳ployacrylamide gel electrophoresis毛细管电泳capillary electrophoresis等电聚焦isoelectric focusing亲和层析affinity chromatography酶(enzyme)化学生物催化剂biocatalyst底物substrate单纯酶simple enzyme结合酶conjugated enzyme 全酶holienzyme辅因子cofactor辅酶coenzyme辅基prosthetic group 金属离子metal ion多酶复合体multienzyme system寡聚酶oligomeric enzyme单体酶monomeric enzyme习惯命名法recommended name国际系统命名法systematic name酶的专一性/特异性enzyme specificity 诱导契合学说induced—fit hypothesis氧化还原酶oxidoreductases转移酶transferases水解酶hydrolases裂合酶lyase异构酶isomerases合成/连接酶ligases酶促反应enzymatic reaction酶活力enzyme activity比活力specific activity核酶ribozyme抗体酶abzyme酶工程enzyme engineering固体化酶immobilized enzyme酶促反应动力学kinetics of enzyme—catalyzed reactions双倒数作图法Lineweaver-Burk作图法最适温度optimum temperature,Tm最适pHoptimum pH 活性部位active site必需基团essential group抑制剂inhibitor激活剂activator效应物effector别构酶allosteric enzyme别构调节allosteric regulation同促效应homotropic effect异促效应heterotropic effect天冬氨酸转氨甲酰酶ATCase酶原zymogen酶单位enzyme unit同工酶isoenzyme共价调节(修饰)酶covalent regulatory enzyme乳酸脱氢酶LDH可逆的共价修饰reversible covalent modification维生素(vitamin)与辅酶(coenzyme)视紫红质visual purple 视黄醇retinolβ-胡萝卜素β-carotine 夜盲症nyctalopia视黄醛retinene胆钙化醇(Vitamin D3)cholecalciferolV E(生育酚/抗不育维生素)tocopherol 麦角钙化醇(Vitamin D2)ergotcalciferol 凝血维生素Vitamin K抗神经炎/脚气病维生素,硫胺(素)Vitamin B1抗癞皮病维生素Vitamin PP硫胺素焦磷酸thiamine pyrophosphate,TPP尼克酸(烟酸)nicotinic acid尼克酰胺(烟酰胺) nicotinamide转钙化蛋白DBP维生素B2( VB2)/核黄素riboflavin黄素单核苷酸FMN ,flavin mononucleotide黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸FAD,flavin adenine dinucleotid泛酸,VB3(遍多酸)pantothenic acid辅酶A CoA-SH,coenzyme A酰基载体蛋白ACP, acyl carrier protein 维生素B6(吡哆素)Vitamin B6吡哆醇pyridoxine吡哆醛pyridoxal吡哆胺pyridoxamine磷酸吡哆醛PLP, pyridoxal—5—phosphate醛亚胺Schiff碱维生素B12(钴胺素)cobalamine维生素B7/H(生物素)biotin叶酸folic acid四氢叶酸(辅酶F)FH4/CoF/THF,tetrahydrofolate硫辛酸lipoic acid维生素C (抗坏血酸) ascorbic acid尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(辅酶Ⅰ)nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide,NAD+尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(辅酶Ⅱ)nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide phosphate,NADP+核酸(nucleic acid)化学DNA序列分析DNA Sequencing脱氧核糖核酸Deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA 核糖核酸Ribonucleic acid, RNA信使RNA (mRNA) messenger RNA转运RNA(tRNA) transfer RNA核糖体RNA (rRNA)ribosome RNA 小RNA sRNA反义RNA asRNA胞质小RNA sc RNA核不均一RNA hnRNA核内小RNA snRNA原核生物prokaryote真核生物eukaryote人类基因组计划Human Gene Project 质粒plasmid染色体chromosome染色质chromatin一磷酸腺苷(腺一磷)AMP,adenosine monophosphate二磷酸腺苷(腺二磷)ADP, adenosine diphosphate三磷酸腺苷(腺三磷)ATP,adenosine triphosphate复制replication转录transcription翻译translation逆转录reserve transcription 核苷酸nucleotide核苷nucleoside磷酸phosphate碱基base嘌呤碱purine base嘧啶碱pyrimidine base戊糖amyl sugar核糖ribose脱氧核糖deoxyribose腺嘌呤adenine,A鸟嘌呤guanine,G胞嘧cytosine,C胸腺嘧啶thymine,T尿嘧啶uracil,U二氢尿嘧啶DHU3’,5’-环化鸟苷酸cGMP3’,5’—环化腺苷酸cAMP顺反子cistron假尿嘧啶核苷pseudouridineDNA双螺旋结构DNA double-helical structure碱基对base pair,bp氢键hydrogen bond碱基堆积base stacking 组蛋白histone核小体nucleosome纤维fiber突环loop玫瑰花结rosette染色单体chromatid螺管/螺线圈coil 氨基酸臂amino acid armD环(二氢尿嘧啶环)diphydrouracil loop反密码子环anticodon loop可变环(额外环)extra loop核糖核酸酶ribonuclease, RNase牛胰核糖核酸酶RNaseI脱氧核糖核酸酶deoxyribonuclease,DNase牛胰脱氧核糖核酸酶DNaseI牛脾脱氧核糖核酸酶DNaseⅡ熔解温度melting temperature, Tm 变性denaturation 复性reassociation杂交hybridization原位杂交hybridization in situ激素(hormone)激素hormone生长激素growth hormone促甲状腺激素thyrotropic hormone催乳激素luteotropic促黄体生长激素luteinizing hormone 促卵泡激素follicle stimulating bormone脂肪酸释放激素lipotropin 催产素oxytocin加压素vasopressin促黑素细胞激素malanophore—stimulating hormone 胸腺素thymosin甲状腺激素thyroxine三碘甲状腺原氨酸triiodothyronine降钙素calcitonin甲状旁腺激素parathormone肾上腺素adrenaline去甲肾上腺素noradrenaline胰高血糖素glucagon胰岛素insulin促肠液激素enterocrinin肠促胰液素secretin肠抑胃素enterogastrone促肾上腺皮质激素adrenocorticotropic hormone促甲酸激素gastrin绒毛膜粗性腺激素chorionic gonadoreopin耻骨松弛激素relaxin瘦素leptin皮质酮corticosterone肾上腺雄酮androstenedione孕酮progesterone 原激素prohormone甲状腺过氧化物酶thyroid peroxidase 抗利尿激素antidiuretic hormone睾酮testosterone雄酮androsterone钙调蛋白calmodulin钙传感器calcium sensors磷脂酰肌醇phophatidyl inositol靶蛋白质target protein癌基因oncogenes植物生长素auxin赤霉素gibberellin细胞分裂素cytokinin保幼激素juvenile hormone激动素kinetin脱落酸abscisic acid性外激素sexpheromone蜕皮激素molting hormone生物膜(biomembrane)的组成与结构间体mesosome区域化compartmentation 鞘氨醇sphingosine 鞘磷脂sphingomyelin神经酰胺ceramide磷脂酸phosphatidic acid,PA多态性polymorphism双层bilayer溶血磷脂lysophospholipid两亲性分子amphipathic molecule核磁共振NMR脂质体liposome半乳糖脑苷脂galactocerebroside去垢剂detergent微团micelle非双层脂non—bilayer lipid非双层脂结构non—bilayer lipid structure磷脂酰乙醇胺phosphatidylethanolamine,PE磷脂酰胆碱phosphatidylcholine,PC 磷脂酰甘油phosphatidylglycerol,PG 磷脂酰丝氨酸phosphatidylserine,PS 膜骨架membrane skeleton 血影蛋白spectrin糖蛋白glycoprotein豆蔻酸myristic acid乙酰胆碱酯酶acetylcholinesterase蛋白质复合物glycocalyx细胞外壳cell coat单葡萄糖甘油二脂monoglucsyldiglyceride,MGDG运动性mobility胞吞/内吞endocytosis胞吐exocytosis偏转gauche全反式all trans分相phase separation荧光素fluorescein肌动蛋白actin单位膜unit membrance微区domain糖基磷脂酰肌醇glycosylphosphatidylinositol,GPI心磷脂(双磷脂酰甘油)cardiolipin(diphosphatidylglycerol)光致漂白荧光恢复法Fluorescence Photobleaching Recovery ,FPR生物氧化(Biological Oxidation)肌酸激酶Creatine kinase磷酸肌酸Creatine phosphofat e生物氧化Biological Oxidation氧化磷酸化oxidative phosphorylation 呼吸链respiratory chainNADH-Q还原酶NADH-Q reductase 琥珀酸—Q还原酶succinate-Q reductase细胞还原酶cytochrome reductase细胞色素氧化酶cytochrome oxidase 鱼藤酮rotenoneATP合酶ATPsynthase电动势electromotive force安密妥amytal解偶联剂uncouplers超氧化物歧化酶superoxide dismutase 过氧化氢酶catalase过氧化物酶peroxidase 高能键high—energy bond乙酰磷酸acetyl phosphate1,3-2磷酸甘油1,3—bisphosphoglycerate氨甲酰磷酸carbamyl phosphate酰基腺苷酸acyl adenylate氨酰腺苷酸aminoacyl adenylate焦磷酸Pyrophosphate二磷酸腺苷adenosine diphosphate磷酸烯醇式丙酮phosphoenolpyruvate 酰基辅酶A acyl coenzyme A果糖-6-磷酸fructose 6-phosphate辅酶Qcoenzyme-Q腺苷三磷酸adenosine triphosphate磷酸精氨酸phosphoarginine甘油-3磷酸glycerol 3—Phosphate腺苷酸激酶adenylate kinase糖代谢(glycometabolism)糖酵解glycolysis/Embden MeyerhofParnas葡糖—6-磷酸glucosamine-6-phosphate葡糖-6-磷酸内酯6-phosphogluconolactone内酯酶lactonase核酮糖-5-磷酸ribulose—5—diphophate葡糖—6-磷酸脱氢酶6—phosphogluconate dehydrogenase葡糖酸-6-磷酸6—phosphogluconate脱支酶debranching enzyme糖原合酶glycogen synthase糖原引物primer发酵fermentation己糖激酶hexokinase醛缩酶aldolase尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖( uridine diphosphate glucose , UDPG )磷酸葡萄糖异构酶glucosephosphate isomerase磷酸果糖激酶phosphofructokinase磷酸丙糖异构酶triosephosphofructokinase磷酸甘油酸激酶phosphoglycerate kinase磷酸甘油酸变位酶phosphoglyceromutase烯醇化酶enolase丙酮酸激酶pyruvate kinase乳酸脱氢酶lactate dehydrogenase丙酮酸脱羧酶pyruvate decaboxylase 乙醇脱氢酶alcohol dehydrogenase二羟丙酮磷酸dihydroxyacetone phosphate甘油醛—3—磷酸glyceraldehyde-3—phosphate3-磷酸甘油酸3—phosphoglycerate丙酮酸pyruvate果糖—2,6-二磷酸fructose2,6-bisphosphate五碳糖磷酸途径pentose phosphate pathway果糖激酶fructokinase果糖-1-磷酸醛缩酶fructose-1—phosphate aldolase甘油醛激酶glyceraldehyde kinase甘油激酶glycerol kinase半乳糖galactose半乳糖激酶galactolinase半乳糖出醇galactitol丙酮酸脱氢酶复合体pyruvatedehydrogenase complex磷酸甘露糖异构酶phosphomannose isomerase硫胺素焦磷酸thiamine pyrophosphate 硫辛酰胺lipoamide黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸flavin adenine dinucleotide二氢硫辛酰转乙酰基酶dihydrolipoyl transacetylase二氢硫辛酸脱氢酶dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase柠檬酸合酶citrate synthase乌头酸酶aconitase异柠檬酸脱氢酶isocitrate dehydrogenase琥珀酰-CoA合成酶succinyl—CoA synthetase琥珀酸脱氢酶succinate dehydrogenase 延胡索酸酶fumarase苹果酸脱氢酶malate dehydrogenase草酰乙酸oxaloacetate异柠檬酸裂解酶isocitate lyase 丙酮酸羧化酶pyruvate carboxylase戊糖磷酸途径pentose phosphate pathway己糖单磷酸途径hexose monophosphate pathway戊糖磷酸循环pentose phosphate cycle 磷酸戊糖酸phosphopentonic acid磷酸己糖酸phosphohexonic acid景天庚酮糖sedoheptulose核糖ribose脱氧核糖deoxyribose核酮糖ribulose磷酸葡糖酸氧化途径phosphogluconate oxidative pathway核酮糖-5-磷酸ribulose—5—phosphate 核糖—5-磷酸ribose-5—phosphate木酮糖—5—磷酸xylulose—5—phosphate转醛酶transaldolase葡糖异生gluconeogenesisUDP-葡糖焦磷酸化酶UDP—glucose pyrophosphorylase乙醛酸途径glyoxylate pathway异柠檬酸裂合酶isocitrate lyase苹果酸合酶malate synthase糖原的降解glycogen breakdown糖原磷酸化酶glycogen phosphorylase 糖原脱支酶glycogen debranching enzyme磷酸葡萄糖变位酶phosphoglucomutase 糖原合酶glycogen synthase糖原分支酶glycogen branching enzyme 丙酮酸脱氢酶组分pyruvate dehydrogenase component磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenaseα—酮戊二酸脱氢酶复合体α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex脂代谢(lipometabolism)硫酯键thioester link脂酰辅酶A合酶acyl—CoA脂肪酸硫激酶1 fatty acid thiokinase脂酰腺苷酸混合酸酐acyladenylate mixed andydride无机焦磷酸酶inorganic pyrophosphatase肉碱carnitine肉碱-脂酰转移酶Ιcaunitine acyltransferaseΙ肉碱移位酶carnitine translocaseN-苯乙酰甘氨酸phenylaceturic acid N—苯甲酰甘氨酸hippuric acidβ-羟酰—ACP脱水酶β—hydrdoxyacyl-ACP dehydraseβ-氧化β-oxidation活化activation氧化oxidation水合hydration断裂cleavage硫激酶thiokinase脂酰—CoA合酶acyl CoA synthase烯酰-CoA水合酶enoyl CoA hydratase β—酮硫解酶β-keto—thiolase电子传递黄素蛋白electron—transfer flavoprotein泛醌氧化还原酶ubiquinone oxidoreductase烯酰-CoA异构酶isomerase甲基丙二酰—CoA消旋酶methylmalonyl-CoA racemase甲基丙二酰-CoA变位酶methylmalonyl-CoA mutase单加氧酶monooxygenase酮体ketone body乙酰乙酸acetoacetateHMG—CoA裂解酶HMG—CoA lyase 丙二酰—CoA malonyl-CoA生物素羧化酶biotin carboxylase转羧酶trans carboxylase生物胞素biocytin酰基载体蛋白acyl carrier protein磷酸泛醌巯基乙胺phosphopantetheine 硫辛酰赖氨酸臂lipoyl lysine arm软脂酰-ACP硫脂酶palmitoy—ACP thioesteraseβ-酮酰—ACP合酶β-ACP—ketoacyl-ACP synthase缩合condensation还原reductionβ-酮酰ACP还原酶β—toacylACP reductase 脱水dehydration烯酰—ACP还原酶enyl-ACP reductase 软脂酰-ACP硫酯酶palmitoyl thioesterase脂肪酰—CoA去饱和酶fatty acyl-CoA desaturase亚油酸linoleic acid亚麻酸linoleuic acid必需脂肪酸essential fatty acid混合功能氧化酶mixed—function oxidase脂酰甘油acyl glycerols甘油—3-磷酸glucerol 3-phosphate磷脂酸phosphatidic甘油磷脂glycerophospholipids磷脂酰乙醇胺phosphatidylethanolamine磷脂酰甘油phosphatidyl glycerol二磷脂酰甘油diphosphatidyl glycerol CDP—二脂酰甘油CDP-diacylglycerol 5’—胞苷二磷酸cytidine diphosphate 尿苷二磷酸uridine diphosphate共底物cosubstrate二羟丙酮磷酸dihydroxyacetone phosphate鞘磷脂sphingolipids鞘糖脂glycosphingolipid缩醛磷脂plasmalogen胆固醇cholesterol类固醇steroids类固醇激素steroid hormines胆汁酸bile acids 麦角固醇ergosterol甲羟戊酸mevalonic acid蛋白磷酸酶proteinphosphatases三羧酸转运体系tricarboxylate transport systemD—β-羟丁酸脱氢酶D-β—hudoxybutyrate dehydogenase丙二酸单酰-CoA-ACP转酰酶malonyl—CoA—ACP transacetylase蛋白质代谢(protein metabolism)细胞溶胶cytosolically组织蛋白酶cathepsins抗蛋白酶antipain泛肽ubiguitin泛肽-蛋白连接酶ubiquitin-protein ligase多胺polyamine鸟氨酸脱羧酶ornithine decarboxylase丝氨酸脱氢酶serine dehydrogenase色氨酸氧化酶tryptophan oxygenase 酪氨酸氨基转移酶tyrosin aminotransferase 氨基转移酶aminotrandferase氧化脱氨基作用oxidative deamination 吡哆醛—5’-磷酸pyridoxal—5'—phosphate吡哆醇pyridoxine吡哆醛磷酸pyridoxal phosphate吡哆胺磷酸pyridoxamine phosphate 醛亚胺aldimine腺苷代琥珀酸adenylosuccinate转氨酶transaminase联合脱氨基作用transdeamination神经递质neurotransmitter酪胺tyramine谷氨酰胺合成酶glutamine synthetase 尿素循环urea cycle鸟氨酸ornithine瓜氨酸citrulline精氨酸酶arginase氨甲酰磷酸合成酶carbamoyl phosphate synthetase鸟氨酸转氨甲酰酶prnithine transcarbamoylase精氨琥珀酸酶argininosuccinase精氨琥珀酸合成酶argininosuccinate SynthetaseN-乙酰谷氨酸合酶N-acetylglutamate synthase丝氨酸转羟甲基酶serine transhydroxymethylase丝氨酸—苏氨酸脱水酶serine-threonine dehydratase苏氨酸醛缩酶threonine aldolase乙醛acetaldehyde氨基丙酮aminoacetone半光氨酸脱巯基酶cysteine desulfhydrase 苯丙氨酸氢化酶phenylalanine hydoxylase酵母氨酸sacharopine组氨酸氨裂合酶higtidine ammonia lyase尿苷酸水合酶urocanate hydratase谷氨酸转甲亚氨酶glutamate transformiminase天冬酰胺酶asparaginase天冬氨酸氨裂解酶aspartate ammonia lyase生酮氨基酸ketogenic amino acids生糖氨基酸glucogenic amino acids亚氨甲酰谷氨酸N—formimino glutamate酪氨酸酶tyrosinase多巴胺dopamine核糖体ribosome遗传密码genetic code三联体triplet染色体外基因extrachromosomal gene转录初产物primary transcript添加appending修饰modification异构化isomerization拼接splicing编辑editing再编码recoding断裂基因interrupted gene选择性拼接alternative splicing同源体isoform错义突变missense mutation无义突变mimsense mutation核糖体移码ribosomal frame shifting 移码突变frame—shift mutation重叠基因overlapping genes同义密码子syninymous codon反密码子anticodon密码子coden简并性degeneracy变偶性wobble蛋白质生物合成protein biosynthesis 无细胞体系cell-free system多聚核糖体polysome读码框架reading frame 起始密码start codon终止密码stop codon核糖体结合位点ribosome-binding site 核糖体进入部位ribosome entry site胸腺嘧啶核糖核苷ribothymidine假尿嘧啶核苷pseudouridine校正基因suppressor gene回复突变reverse mutation起始因子initiation factor延长因子dlongation factor肽酰转移酶peptidyl transferse转肽transpeptidation移位translocation释放因子release factors核糖体释放因子ribosome releasing factor位移translational frameshifting翻译跳跃translational jumping信号肽序列signal or leader sequence 信号肽signal sequence信号肽酶signal peptidase信号识别体signa recognition particle,SRP停泊蛋白docking protein翻译后运输posttranslationlal transport 多肽链结合蛋白polypeptide binding proteins 终止因子termination factor磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸所激酶phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase核酸代谢(nucleic acid metabolism)核酸内切酶endonuclease核酸外切酶exonuclease核苷酶nucleosidase核苷磷酸化酶nucleoside phosphorylase核苷水解酶nucleoside hydrolase腺嘌呤脱氨酶adenine deaminase腺嘌呤核苷脱氨酶adenosine deaminase鸟嘌呤脱氨酶guanine deaminase尿酸氧化酶utate oxidase5—磷酸核糖焦磷酸5—phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate磷酸核糖焦磷激酶phosphoribosyl pyrophosphokinase5-磷酸核糖胺5—phosphoribosylamine 5-氨基咪唑核苷酸5—aminoimidazole ribotide 磷酸核糖焦磷酸转酰氨酶phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate transamidase甘氨酰胺核苷酸glycinamide ribotide 甘氨酰胺核苷酸合成酶glycinamide rihotide synthetase甘氨酰胺核苷酸转甲酰基酶glycinamide ribotide transformylas甲酰甘氨脒核苷酸合成酶formylglycinamidine ribotide synthetase 氨基咪唑核苷酸合成酶aminoimidazole ribotide synthetase腺苷酸琥珀酸裂解酶adenylosuccinate lyase氨基咪唑核苷酸羧化酶aminoinidazole ribotide carboixylase腺苷酸琥珀酸合成酶adenylosuccinate synthetase次黄嘌呤核苷酸脱氢酶inosine—5—phosphate dehydrogenase 鸟嘌呤核苷酸合成酶guanylate synthetase磷酸核糖转移酶phosphoribosyl transferase乳清苷酸orotidine—5’-phoshate氨甲酰磷酸合成酶carbamyl phosphate synthetase全酶holoenzyme天冬氨酸转氨甲酰酶aspartate carbamyl transferase二氢乳清酸酶dihydroorotase二氢乳清酸脱氢酶dihydroorotate dehydrogenase乳清苷酸焦磷酸化酶orotidylic acid pyrophosphorylase乳清苷酸脱羧酶orotidylic acid decarboxylase尿嘧啶核苷酸激酶uridine-5'—phosphate kinase核苷二磷酸激酶mucleoside diphosphokinase复制replication转录transcription 翻译translation三联体密码triplet code模板template逆转录reverse transcription逆转录酶reverse transcriptase逆转录病毒retrovirus自我复制self—replication半保留复制semiconservative replication拓扑学topology复制子replicon起点origin终点terminus转化子transformant反向重复inverted repeatsDNA聚合酶DNA polymerase取代环displacement loop核小体nucleosome信息大分子informational macromolecule指令instruction促突变因子mutator抗突变因子antimutator修复机制reair mechanism复制酶replicase核心酶core enzymeDNA连接酶DNA ligase冈崎片断Okazaki fragment顺反子cistron半不连续复制semidisontinuous replication前导链leading strand滞后链lagging strand引物合成酶primase拓扑异构体topological isomers拓扑异构酶topoisomerase切口封闭酶nick—closing enzyme旋转酶gyrase连锁体catenane解螺旋酶helicase解链蛋白unwinding protein复制体replisome引发体primosome前引发体preprimosome终止区terminus region 自主复制序列autonomously replicating sequence起点识别复合物origin recognition complex端粒telomere端粒酶telomerase复制许可因子replication licensing factor错配修复mismatch repair直接修复direct repair切除修复excision repair易错修复error—prone repair光复活修复photoreactivation repair暗修复dark repair光复活修复酶photoreactivating enzyme碱基切除修复base-excision repair核苷酸切除修复mucleotide—excision repair切除酶excinuclease辅蛋白酶coprotease性导sexduction转导transduction接合conjugation转化transformation细胞融合cell fusion受体细胞recipient cell附加体episome转座因子transposable element 转座子transposon转座酶transposase解离酶resolvaseRNA聚合酶RNA polymerase 全保留方式conservative mode 时序调控temporal regulation 适应调控adaptive regulation 操纵子结构模型operon structural model调节基因regulatory gene操纵基因operator阻遏蛋白repressor protein内含子intron外显子extron调节子regulon协同调节cooperative regulation激活蛋白activator整合酶integrase增强子enhanser终止子terminator多聚腺苷酸聚合酶polyadenylation细胞代谢调节和基因表达调控(cellular metabolism regulation and gene expression regulation and control)构造单元buliding block前馈feedforward反馈feedback一价/单价反馈抑制monovalent feedback inhibition 二价或多价反馈抑制divalent or multivalent feedback inhibition管家基因housekeeping genes组成型表达constitutive expression可调型表达regulated expression乳糖操纵子模型lac operon model启动子premotor操纵基因operator酶诱导enzyme induction酶阻遏enzyme repression辅阻遏物corepressor阻遏物蛋白aporepressor降解物基因活化蛋白catabolite gene activation protein衰减子attenuator上游控制元件upstream control静默子silencer锌指zinc finger亮氨酸拉链leucine zipper重组体recombinant分子克隆molecular cloning蛋白质工程protein engineering限制性核酸内切酶restricton endonuclease同尾酶isocaudamers 同裂酶isoschizomers回文结构palindrome质粒plasmid载体vector分子重排rearrangement基因文库genomic library多联体concatemer脂质体liposome可调基因regulated genes基因枪gene gun菌落形成单位colony forming unit筛选screening原位杂交in situ bybridization基因组测序genomic sequencing基因定位诱变site—directed mutagenesis包涵体inclusion body整合质粒yeast integrating plasmid基因治疗gene therapy聚合酶链式反应polymerase chain reaction, PCR。

生物及医学术语中英对照

生物及医学术语中英对照

生物及医学术语中英对照现今医学分为传统医学、基于生物-医学形式近代发展起来的西医,20世纪西医又发展到社会-心理-生物医学或综合医学形式,后基因组时代系统生物学的兴起,构成了系统医学在全球的迅速发展,成为继传统医学、西医学之后中、西医学汇通的将来医学。

接下来我为大家整理了生物及医学术语中英对照,希望对你有帮助哦!生物及医学术语中英对照一:微生物学Microbiology骨科医学OsteopathicMedicine分子生物学MolecularBiology耳科学Otology医学微生物学MedicalMicrobiology理疗学PhysicalTherapy口腔生物学OralBiology足病医学PodiatricMedicine寄生物学Parasitology眼科学Ophthalmology植物生物学PlantPhysiology预防医学PreventiveMedicine心理生物学Psychobiology放射学Radiology生物数学Biomathematics临床科学ClinicalScience生物医学科学BiomedicalScience临床心理学ClinicalPsychology细胞生物学和分子生物学CellandMolecularBiology精神病护理学PsychiatricNursing生物及医学术语中英对照二:放射生物学RadiationBiology康复咨询学RehabilitationCounseling理论生物学TheoreticalBiology康复护理学RehabilitationNursing野生生物学WildlifeBiology外科护理学SurgicalNursing环境生物学EnvironmentalBiology治疗学Therapeutics运动生物学ExercisePhysiology畸形学Teratology有机体生物学OrganismalBiology兽医学VeterinarySciences生物统计学Biometrics牙科卫生学DentalSciences生物物理学Biophysics牙科科学Dentistry生物心理学Biopsychology皮肤学Dermatology生物统计学Biostatistics内分泌学Endocrinology生物工艺学Biotechnology遗传学Genetics生物化学BiologicalChemistry解剖学Anatomy生物工程学BiologicalEngineering麻醉学Anesthesia应用生物学AppliedBiology医学技术MedicalTechnology细胞生物学CellBiology医学Medicine生物学Biology护理麻醉学NurseAnesthesia进化生物学EvolutionaryBiology口腔外科学OralSurgery海洋生物学MarineBiology口腔/牙科科学Oral/DentalSciences。

生物学名词(附英文名称)解读

生物学名词(附英文名称)解读

生物学名词(附英文名称)解读一、细胞(Cell)细胞是生物体的基本单位,是生命活动的场所。

细胞具有细胞膜、细胞质和细胞核等结构,负责执行生命活动的各种功能。

二、DNA(DNA)DNA是脱氧核糖核酸的缩写,是生物体内存储遗传信息的分子。

DNA分子由四种碱基组成,通过碱基对排列形成双螺旋结构,负责传递遗传信息。

三、蛋白质(Protein)蛋白质是生物体内的重要分子,具有多种功能,如催化反应、运输物质、调节细胞活动等。

蛋白质由氨基酸组成,通过肽键连接形成长链。

四、酶(Enzyme)酶是一种特殊的蛋白质,具有催化化学反应的功能。

酶能够降低化学反应的活化能,提高反应速率,从而加速生命活动。

五、光合作用(Photosynthesis)光合作用是植物、藻类和某些细菌利用光能将二氧化碳和水转化为有机物和氧气的过程。

光合作用是地球上生物能量循环的基础。

六、呼吸作用(Respiration)呼吸作用是生物体内分解有机物,释放能量的过程。

呼吸作用包括有氧呼吸和无氧呼吸两种形式,有氧呼吸需要氧气,无氧呼吸不需要氧气。

七、有丝分裂(Mitosis)有丝分裂是生物体内细胞分裂的一种方式,通过有丝分裂,一个细胞分裂成两个细胞,保证了遗传信息的传递。

八、减数分裂(Meiosis)减数分裂是生物体内细胞分裂的一种方式,通过减数分裂,一个细胞分裂成四个细胞,每个细胞只含有一套染色体,保证了生殖细胞的形成。

九、基因(Gene)基因是生物体内控制遗传特征的基本单位,位于染色体上。

基因通过编码蛋白质,决定了生物体的遗传特征。

十、生态系统(Ecosystem)生态系统是由生物体和非生物环境组成的相互作用的整体。

生态系统中的生物体之间存在着食物链和食物网,通过能量流动和物质循环维持生态平衡。

十一、生物多样性(Biodiversity)生物多样性是指地球上生物种类、遗传差异和生态系统的多样性。

它包括物种多样性、遗传多样性和生态系统多样性。

十二、进化(Evolution)进化是指生物种群在长期演化过程中,通过自然选择、基因突变和基因重组等机制,逐渐适应环境变化的过程。

中英文生物名词对照

中英文生物名词对照
coral:珊瑚
algae:藻类;海藻
octopus:章鱼
trevally:裸胸鲹
ray:魟;鳐;鲼
whale shark:鲸鲨
shark:鲨鱼
macaque:猕猴
monkey:猴
cadence
ucos
tcp、ip
chumoping
bsp
SWI指令
cortex指令集 -m 代替51
tiger:虎
reindeer:驯鹿
insect:昆虫
bird:鸟
stonechat:黑喉石鵖
red fox:赤狐;草狐;红狐;南狐
horse:马
livestock:牲畜;家畜
demoiselle crane:蓑羽鹤;闰秀鹤
wading bird:涉禽
waterfowl:游禽
swan:天鹅
Tibetan brown bear:西藏棕熊;马熊;藏马熊
grizzly:灰熊
Tibetan fox:藏狐
ep4:
fish:鱼
sturgeon:鲟鱼
wild boar:野猪;山猪
boar:野猪;公猪
walnut:核桃;胡桃
Siberian tiger:东北虎;西伯利亚虎;阿穆尔虎
Chinese giant salamander:大鲵
amphibian:两栖动物
dragon:龙;蜥蜴;爬行动物
reptile:爬行动物
Chinese alligator:扬子鳄;中国短吻鳄
alligator:短吻鳄
pine:松树
Huangshan macaque:黄山短尾猴

生物名词中英文对照

生物名词中英文对照

ep01:crab:螃蟹land crab:地蟹urchin:海胆jelly:水母;海蜇fish:鱼giant clam:砗磲herring:鲱鱼bird:鸟gull:海鸥;鸥turnstone:翻石鹬sandpiper:矶鹬wader:涉禽mantis:螳螂frog:青蛙;蛙tadpole:蝌蚪tree frog:树蛙rain frog:雨蛙owl butterfly:猫头鹰蝶insect:昆虫wasp:蜂;胡蜂caterpillar:毛虫cabbage white:菜粉蝶mosquito:蚊Midas cichlid:双冠丽鱼sawfly:叶蜂assassin bug:猎蝽snow goose:雪雁Arctic fox:北极狐salt water crocodile:湾鳄crocodile:鳄鱼crested hawk:凤头鹃隼peripatus:栉蚕worm:虫;蠕虫;蚯蚓centipede:蜈蚣tsetse fly:舌蝇;采采蝇gnat:蚋mushroom:蘑菇sea louse:鱼虱pipefish:海龙stickleback:刺鱼sea lion:海狮antelope:羚羊;牛羚;角马chinchilla:毛丝鼠;粟鼠;绒鼠hyena:鬣狗;土狼bat:蝙蝠mammal:哺乳动物Christmas Island crab:圣诞地蟹ant:蚂蚁ep02:elephant seal:象海豹tern:燕鸥fish:鱼gull:海鸥;鸥lacebug:网蝽lacewing:草蛉;草蜻蛉jumping spider:跳蛛snow goose:雪雁duck:鸭goose:雁ground-living bird:走禽Arctic fox:北极狐mammal:哺乳动物opossum:负鼠bee:蜜蜂kangaroo:袋鼠wallaby:沙袋鼠;小袋鼠antelope:羚羊;牛羚;角马saiga:高鼻羚羊;赛加羚羊steppe eagle:草原雕;大花雕;角雕scorpion:蝎子shrew:鼩鼱insect:昆虫eider duck:绒鸭mara:兔豚鼠;马拉豚鼠;长耳豚鼠guinea pig:豚鼠bat:蝙蝠free-tailed bat:犬吻蝠pine:松树Florida scrub jay:佛罗里达灌丛鸦indigo snake:森王蛇;靛青蛇wren:鹪鹩woodpecker:啄木鸟moorhen:黑水鸡elephant:象chimpanzee:黑猩猩albatross:信天翁tiger shark:虎鲨ep03:spectacled bear:眼镜熊woolly spider monkey:绒毛蛛猴small red panda:小熊猫bamboo:竹golden bamboo lemur:金竹狐猴;金竹驯狐猴insect:昆虫caterpillar:毛虫plague beetle:天牛beetle:甲虫milkweed:马利筋marmoset:狨猴poppy:罂粟bumblebee:熊蜂bee:蜜蜂combretum:风车子monkey:猴squirrel monkey:松鼠猴tamarin:小绢猴capuchin:卷尾猴;僧帽猴bird:鸟lizard:蜥蜴heliconia:蝎尾蕉;赫蕉;海里康hummingbird:蜂鸟violet sabre-wing:紫刀翅蜂鸟sabre-wing:刀翅蜂鸟columnea:金鱼花;鲸鱼花;可伦花;串金鱼mountain gem hummer:宝石蜂鸟Indian langur monkey:长尾叶猴flame of the forest:凤凰木ant:蚂蚁mulga tree:金合欢树mangabey:白眉猴chimp:黑猩猩agouti:驼鼠oak:橡树lemur:狐猴aye-aye:指猴spiny pocket mouse:异鼠;刺囊鼠macaw:金刚鹦鹉parrot:鹦鹉eagle:雕;鹰knot:漂鹬;红腹滨鹬dunlin:滨鹬;黑腹滨鹬mollusc:软体动物redshank:红脚鹬shrimp:虾crustacean:甲壳动物stork:鹳heron:苍鹭;鹭egret:鹭;白鹭openbill:钳嘴鹳spoonbill:琵鹭fish:鱼barracuda:梭鱼pelican:鹈鹕gull:海鸥;鸥long-eared tenrec:穴居稻田猬termite:白蚁gecko:壁虎orb spider:圆蛛;金蛛nephila:络新妇fly:苍蝇;蝇;蚊;虻argyrodes:寄居姬蛛tropic bird:鹲;热带鸟frigate:军舰鸟ep04:great skua:大贼鸥skua:贼鸥seabird:海鸟kittiwake:三趾鸥puffin:角嘴海雀;海鹦greater black-backed gull:大黑背鸥lesser black-back:小黑背鸥;灰林银鸥seal:海豹sea lion:海狮South American sea lion:南美海狮whale:鲸dolphin:海豚killer whale:虎鲸;逆戟鲸;杀手鲸fishing cat:渔猫domestic cat:家猫mouse:鼠rabbit:野兔;兔frog:青蛙;蛙bird:鸟fish:鱼Slug:蛞蝓thirst snake:食螺蛇American opossum:北美负鼠dingo:澳洲野犬frilled lizard:伞蜥viper:蝰蛇tomato frog:安东暴蛙spotted skunk:斑臭鼬striped skunk:条纹臭鼬;加拿大臭鼬salamander:蝾螈bug:蝽;昆虫wasp:蜂;胡蜂snake:蛇caterpilla:毛虫ant:蚂蚁plant hopper:蜡蝉spider:蜘蛛fruit fly:果蝇insect:昆虫moss:苔藓bush cricket:丛蟋thorn bug:角蝉mantis:螳螂butterfly:蝴蝶termite:白蚁assassin bug:猎蝽death adder:棘蛇skink:石龙子worm:虫;蠕虫;蚯蚓blue tit:青山雀;蓝山雀hawk moth:天蛾bromeliad:凤梨army ant:行军蚁;军蚁scorpion:蝎子millipede:马陆hawk:鹰eagle:雕;鹰Harris's hawk:栗翅鹰saguaro cactus:弁庆柱;萨瓜罗掌prickly pear:仙人掌pack rat:林鼠cottontail rabbit:林兔;棉尾兔chimpanzee:黑猩猩monkey:猴Diana monkey:黛安娜长尾猴spot-nosed monkey:白鼻长尾猴red colobus:红疣猴ep05:baboon:狒狒bird:鸟spotted hyena:斑鬣狗hyena:鬣狗;土狼bushbaby:婴猴galago:婴猴tent caterpillar:天幕毛虫swiftlet:金丝燕mammal:哺乳动物bat:蝙蝠insect:昆虫river dolphin:江豚catfish:鲶鱼rufous elephant shrew:赤象鼩elephant shrew:象鼩black-shouldered kite:黑肩鸢oak:橡树jay:松鸦ant:蚂蚁cataglyphis:箭蚁death's-head hawk moth:鬼面天蛾;骷髅天蛾honey bee:蜜蜂potato:马铃薯spiny lobster:真龙虾lobster:龙虾triggerfish:鳞鲀green turtle:绿海龟turtle:海龟Arctic tern:北极燕鸥tern:燕鸥rufous hummingbird:棕煌蜂鸟hummingbird:蜂鸟royal albatross:皇家信天翁albatross:信天翁elver:鳗苗eel:鳗ep06:bear:熊wolf:狼bat:蝙蝠mollusc:软体动物hermit crab:寄居蟹rosy bee-eater:粉红蜂虎bee-eater:蜂虎prairie dog:草原犬鼠ferret:鼬spide:蜘蛛insect:昆虫web-spinner:足丝蚁caterpillar:毛虫moth:蛾tent caterpillar:天幕毛虫hermit hummingbird:隐蜂鸟hummingbird:蜂鸟Indian tailorbird:长尾缝叶莺tent-making bat:尾皮蝠weaver bird:织雀;织布鸟shag:鸬鹚bird:鸟tern:燕鸥rabbit:野兔;兔beaver:海狸wasp:蜂;胡蜂European wasp:德国黄胡蜂Malaysian hover wasp:洁平狭腹胡蜂ant:蚂蚁giant hornet:虎头蜂;胡蜂bee:蜜蜂tropical stingless bee:麦蜂potter wasp:蜾蠃cliff swallow:美洲燕;崖燕termite:白蚁fungus:真菌ep07:sambar deer:水鹿egret:鹭;白鹭langur monkey:叶猴spotted deer:花鹿;斑鹿deer:鹿monkey:猴goby:虾虎shrimp:虾fish:鱼alga:藻类;海藻anemone:海葵hermit crab:寄居蟹ragworm:沙蚕octopus:章鱼ant:蚂蚁caterpillar:毛虫tree ant:织叶蚁grasshopper:螽斯;蝗虫;蚱蜢dairy cow:奶牛butterfly:蝴蝶insect:昆虫flea:跳蚤;蚤bird:鸟starling:椋鸟louse:虱子bumble bee:熊蜂mite:螨spider:蜘蛛feather louse:羽虱bee mite:蜂螨milkweed:马利筋moth:蛾bat:蝙蝠mouse:鼠beetle:甲虫tick:蜱;扁虱finch:雀;地雀giant tortoise:象龟fish:鱼manta ray:蝠鲼sea louse:鱼虱barnacle:藤壶grouper:石斑鱼wrasse:濑鱼;裂唇鱼cleaner fish:濑鱼coral:珊瑚moray eel:海鳝;鯙suckerfish:鮣鱼remora:鮣鱼giraffe:长颈鹿oxpecker:牛椋鸟worm:虫;蠕虫;蚯蚓tapeworm:绦虫roundworm:线虫;蛔虫backboned animal:脊椎动物amphibian:两栖动物reptile:爬行动物mammal:哺乳动物threadworm:丝虫;蛲虫mosquito:蚊protozoan:原生动物snail:蜗牛;螺fluke:吸虫flycatcher:鹟flatworm:扁形动物;扁虫microscopic organism:微生物buffalo:非洲水牛;非洲野牛leech:水蛭;蚂蟥ep08:anemone:海葵strawberry frog:火红箭毒蛙hummingbird:蜂鸟egret:鹭;白鹭bird:鸟rove beetle:隐翅虫fly:苍蝇;蝇;蚊;虻monkey:猴insect:昆虫damselfly:豆娘;蟌Midas cichlid:双冠丽鱼frog:青蛙;蛙pistol shrimp:鼓虾fish:鱼crustacean:甲壳动物mantis shrimp:虾蛄wasp:蜂;胡蜂caterpillar:毛虫rattlesnake:响尾蛇wolf:狼deer:鹿dog:狗cat:猫zebra:斑马giraffe:长颈鹿lion:狮gorilla:大猩猩bamboo:竹langur:叶猴hippo:河马Malaysian fly:突眼蝇;炳眼蝇field cricket:蟋蟀mud crab:青蟹elephant:象stag beetle:锹甲;锹形虫Hercules beetle:巨犀金龟;长戟大兜虫beetle:甲虫antlered fly:鹿角蝇ibex:羱羊Alaskan moose:阿拉斯加驼鹿moose:驼鹿gazelle:瞪羚Grant's gazelle:葛氏瞪羚ep09:eagle:雕;鹰rabbit:野兔;兔bird:鸟golden eagle:金雕;红头雕hooper swan:大天鹅;鹄swan:天鹅chicken:鸡cacique:酋长鹂toucan:鵎鵼;巨嘴鸟capuchin:卷尾猴;僧帽猴lion:狮buffalo:非洲水牛;非洲野牛baboon:狒狒vampire bat:吸血蝠bat:蝙蝠donkey:驴dwarf mongoose:侏獴insect:昆虫beetle:甲虫martial eagle:猛雕mammal:哺乳动物naked mole rat:裸滨鼠;裸鼢鼠snake:蛇leaf-cutting ant:切叶蚁ant:蚂蚁fungus:真菌bacteria:细菌mouse:鼠wasp:蜂;胡蜂bee:蜜蜂monkey:猴rodent:啮齿动物ep10:bird:鸟honeyguide:响蜜鴷bee:蜜蜂African bee:非洲蜜蜂wild dog:野犬;野狗gazelle:瞪羚cheetah:猎豹ringed plover:剑鸻skylark:云雀merlin:灰背隼mole rat:鼹形鼠naked mole rat:裸滨鼠;裸鼢鼠lacewing:草蛉;草蜻蛉water strider:水黾lily:莲;百合palm cockatoo:棕树凤头鹦鹉bellbird:钟雀screaming piha:尖声皮哈鸟;尖声伞鸟piha:皮哈鸟African ground hornbil:非洲地犀鸟indri:大狐猴gibbon:长臂猿siamang:合趾猿mangabey:白眉猴monkey:猴vervet monkey:绿猴;草原猴snake:蛇eagle:雕;鹰superb starling:栗头丽椋鸟starling:椋鸟frog:青蛙;蛙firefly:萤火虫beetle:甲虫fireworm:火刺虫worm:虫;蠕虫;蚯蚓floating organism:浮游生物comb jelly:栉水母fish:鱼jellyfish:水母Solmissus:嗜阳水母Kiyohimea:裙水母squid:枪乌贼;鱿鱼toadfish:蟾鱼abalone:鲍sea lion:海狮tusked whale:一角鲸;独角鲸narwhal:一角鲸;独角鲸reef squid:拟乌贼dolphin:海豚spotted dolphin:细吻海豚;原海豚whale:鲸ep11:Indian florican:凤头鸨nightingale:歌鸲;夜莺whale:鲸dwarf Siberian hamster:毛足鼠;侏儒仓鼠insect:昆虫fish:鱼butterfly fish:蝶鱼angel fish:棘蝶鱼;刺蝶鱼;神仙鱼;天使鱼booby:鲣鸟blue-footed booby:蓝脚鲣鸟bird:鸟wood duck:林鸳鸯;美国木鸭merganser:秋沙鸭smew:斑头秋沙鸭goldeneye:鹊鸭duck:鸭mallard:绿头鸭damselfly:豆娘;蟌helicopter damselfly:大痣蟌hanging fly:蚊蝎蛉fly:苍蝇;蝇;蚊;虻beetle:甲虫tropic bird:鹲;热带鸟marsh harrier:沼泽鹞;泽鵟termite:白蚁red-backed salamander:红背无肺螈salamander:蝾螈ant:蚂蚁moose:驼鹿bat:蝙蝠sac-winged bat:囊翼蝠silk cotton tree:木棉epauletted bat:肩毛果蝠;颈囊果蝠lyrebird:琴鸟kookaburra:笑翠鸟tragopan:角雉Palawan peacock pheasant:巴拉望孔雀稚standard-winged bird of paradise:幡羽极乐鸟riflebird:掩鼻风鸟;裙风鸟peacock:孔雀bowerbird:园丁鸟satin bowerbird:缎蓝园丁鸟;缎蓝亭鸟parrot:鹦鹉golden bowerbird:金亭鸟fungus:真菌black grouse:黑琴鸡manakin:娇鹟;侏儒鸟club-winged manakin:梅花翅娇鹟;梅花翅侏儒鸟blue-crowned manakin:蓝冠娇鹟;蓝冠侏儒鸟golden-headed manakin:金头娇鹟;金头侏儒鸟wire-tailed manakin:线尾娇鹟;线尾侏儒鸟long-tailed manakin:长尾娇鹟;长尾侏儒鸟antelope:羚羊;牛羚;角马topi:转角牛羚mammal:哺乳动物hyena:鬣狗;土狼ep12:worm:虫;蠕虫;蚯蚓palolo:矶沙蚕barnacle:藤壶fish:鱼blue-headed wrasse:双带锦鱼;双带叶鲷octopus:章鱼dumpling squid:四盘耳乌贼tortoise:龟ploughshare tortoise:犁头龟;安哥洛卡象龟;马达加斯加角龟elephant:象chinchilla:毛丝鼠;粟鼠;绒鼠spider:蜘蛛tarantula:捕鸟蛛;狼蛛nephila:络新妇fly:苍蝇;蝇;蚊;虻cockroach:蟑螂;蜚蠊mountain dusky salamander:脊口螈salamander:蝾螈amphibian:两栖动物crab:螃蟹butterfly:蝴蝶Heliconius:纯蛱蝶;毒蝶wolf:狼bluegill sunfish:大鳍鳞鳃太阳鱼;蓝鳃太阳鱼;蓝鳃鱼lily-trotter:水雉;稚鸻jacana:水雉;稚鸻sea louse:鱼虱greater spear-nosed bat:叶口蝠;矛吻蝠sea lion:海狮bird:鸟royal albatross:皇家信天翁albatross:信天翁。

生物学英语中英对照

生物学英语中英对照

生物学英语中英对照1. 遗传学 Genetics基因 Gene染色体 Chromosome遗传变异 Genetic variation2. 细胞生物学 Cell Biology细胞 Cell细胞核 Nucleus细胞膜 Cell membrane3. 生态学 Ecology生态系统 Ecosystem生物多样性 Biodiversity生物群落 Biome4. 分子生物学 Molecular Biology蛋白质 Protein核酸 Nucleic acid酶 Enzyme5. 发育生物学 Developmental Biology胚胎发育 Embryonic development细胞分化 Cell differentiation形态发生 Morphogenesis6. 植物学 Botany叶绿体 Chloroplast光合作用 Photosynthesis根系 Root system7. 动物学 Zoology器官 Organ组织 Tissue神经系统 Nervous system8. 微生物学 Microbiology细菌 Bacteria病毒 Virus真菌 Fungus9. 生物化学 Biochemistry代谢 MetabolismATP(三磷酸腺苷) ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)酶促反应 Enzymatic reaction10. 生理学 Physiology心脏 Heart肺 Lung肝脏 Liver生物学英语中英对照(续)11. 进化生物学 Evolutionary Biology自然选择 Natural selection物种形成 Speciation进化树 Evolutionary tree12. 行为生物学 Behavioral Biology繁殖行为 Reproductive behavior领域行为 Territorial behavior社会行为 Social behavior13. 神经生物学 Neurobiology神经元 Neuron突触 Synapse神经递质 Neurotransmitter14. 免疫学 Immunology抗体 Antibody免疫系统 Immune system炎症 Inflammation15. 营养学 Nutrition蛋白质 Protein碳水化合物 Carbohydrate脂肪 Fat16. 遗传工程 Genetic Engineering基因克隆 Gene cloning基因编辑 Gene editing转基因技术 Genetic modification 17. 生态遗传学 Ecological Genetics种群 Population环境适应性 Environmental adaptation遗传漂变 Genetic drift18. 生物信息学 Bioinformatics基因组学 Genomics蛋白质组学 Proteomics生物数据挖掘 Bioinformatics data mining19. 生物统计学 Biostatistics实验设计 Experimental design数据分析 Data analysis显著性检验 Significance test20. 环境生物学 Environmental Biology环境污染 Environmental pollution生态修复 Ecological restoration生物降解 Biodegradation这份生物学英语中英对照文档旨在帮助您更全面地了解生物学领域的专业术语。

生物类中英文术语对照

生物类中英文术语对照

第一章细胞遗传学基础细胞(cell)细胞膜(cell membrane)质膜(plasma membrane,plasmalemma)细胞质(cytoplasm)细胞器(organelle)基质(cytoplasmic matrix)线粒体(mitochondria)内质网(endoplasimic,ER)粗面内质网(rough reticulum,rER)滑面内质网(smooth endoplasmic reticulum,sER)高尔基体(Golgi body)中心体(centrosome)核糖体(ribosome)附着核糖体(attached ribosomes)游离核糖体(free ribosomes)核膜(nuclear membrane)核基质(nuclear matrix)核液(nuclear sap)核仁(nucleolus)染色质(chromatin)常染色质(euchromatin)异染色质(heterochromatin)结构异染色质(constitutive heterochromatin)兼性异染色质(facultative heterochromatin)染色体(chromosome)着丝粒(centromere)主缢痕(primary constriction)中着丝粒染色体(metacentric chromosome)近中着丝粒染色体(submetacentric 近端着丝粒染色体(subtelocentric 端着丝粒(te locentric chromosome)次缢痕(secondary constriction)随体(satellite)端粒(telomere)核小体(nucleosome)螺线体(solenoid)单倍体(haploidy)多倍体(polyploid)异源多倍体(allopolyploid)同源多倍体(autopolyploid)双精受精(disperm y)合子(zygote)组成型多倍体(constitutional polyploid)缺倍体(nulliploid)非整倍性(aneuploi dy)亚倍体(hypoploid)单体性(monosomy)缺对性(nullisomy)超二倍体(hyperploid)三体性(trisomy)双三体性(ditrisomy)四体性(tetrasomy),染色体不分离(nondisjunction)后期延迟(anaphase lag)后期延迟运动(delayed movement,lagging)混倍性(mixoploidy)镶嵌型(mosaicism)嵌合型(chimerism)细胞(cell)细胞膜(cell membrane)质膜(plasma membrane,plasmalemma)细胞质(cytoplasm)细胞器(organelle)基质(cytoplasmic matrix)线粒体(mitochondria)内质网(endoplasimic,ER)粗面内质网(rough reticulum,rER)滑面内质网(smooth endoplasmic reticulum,sER)高尔基体(Golgi body)中心体(centrosome)核糖体(ribosome)附着核糖体(attached ribosomes)游离核糖体(free ribosomes)核膜(nuclear membrane)核基质(nuclear matrix)核液(nuclear sap)核仁(nucleolus)染色质(chromatin)常染色质(euchromatin)异染色质(heterochromatin)结构异染色质(constitutive heterochromatin)兼性异染色质(facultative heterochromatin)染色体(chromosome)着丝粒(centromere)主缢痕(primary constriction)中着丝粒染色体(metacentric chromosome)近中着丝粒染色体(submetacentric 近端着丝粒染色体(subtelocentric 端着丝粒(te locentric chromosome)次缢痕(secondary constriction)随体(satellite)端粒(telomere)核小体(nucleosome)螺线体(solenoid)超螺线体(super solenoid)核型(karyotype)核型分析(karyotype analysis)核型模式图(idiogram)C分带(centromere banding)Q分带(quinacrine banding)G分带(Giemsa banding)R分带(reverse banding)N分带(N banding)高分辨显带(high-resolution banding)细胞周期(cell cycle)间期(interphase)有丝分裂(mitosis)减数分裂(meiosis)有丝分裂期(M phase)细线期(leptonema)凝线期(synizesis)偶线期(zygonema)联会(synapsis)联会复合体(synapt onemal complex,SC)粗线期(pachynema)双价体(bivalent)双线期(diplonema)交叉端化(terminalization of chiasmata)终变期(diakinesis)浓缩期(diakinesis)染色体重建(chromosome reconstruction)缺失(deletion)重复(duplication)倒位(inversion)易位(translocation)中间缺失(interstitial deletion)假显性现象(pseudo dominance)顺接重复(tandem duplication)反接重复(reverse duplication)不等交换(unequal crossing over)剂量效应(dosage effect)臂内倒位(paracentric inversion)臂间倒位(pericentric inversion)简单易位(simple translocation)相互易位(reciprocal transloca tion)移位易位(shift translocation)复合易位(complex translocation)等臂染色体(isochromosome)第二章分子遗传学基础基因gene 外显子exon内含子intron 基因组genome密码子codon 起始密码子initiator同义密码子synonym 多义密码子ambiguous codon核糖体ibosome 表观基因组学epigenomics启动子promoter 增强子enhancer沉默子silencer 化学修饰chemical modification基因突变gene mutation) 碱基base回复突变reversion) 暗修复dark repair)切除修复excision repair) 缺口修复gap repair错配修复mismatch repair 重组recombination同源重组homologous recombination 转座transposition限制性核酸内切酶restriction endonuclease 载体vector第三章免疫遗传学基础免疫力immunity 免疫防immunologic defence自我稳定homeostasis 自身免疫病autoimmune disease非特异性免疫non-special immunity 特异性免疫special immunity免疫应答immune response 细胞免疫应答cellular immune respons 免疫系统immune system 免疫球蛋白mmunoglobulin (Ig)抗体antibody (Ab) 结构域domain型群phenogroup 调理作用opsonization基因簇gene cluster 重组信号序列recombination signal sequence (RSS) 类别转换class switch 同种型转换isotype switch质量性状qualititative character 遗传descendiblity heredity inherit 染色体chromosome 性染色体sex chromosome常染色体euchromosome 伴性遗传sex-linked inheritance限性遗传sex—limited inheritance 从性遗传sex—influenced inheritance 血型blood group 显性上位作用dominant epistasis隐性上位作用recessive epistasis 重叠作用duplicate effect基因座位gene locus 等位基因allele复等位基因multiple alleles 上位基因epistatic gene性连锁基因sex-linked gene 显性性状dominant characters隐性性状recessive characters 育种breeding杂交育种cross breeding 伴性基因sex-linked genes隐性纯合子allozygote 杂合子heterozygote显性基因dominant gene 隐性基因recessive gene就巢性broodiness自别雌雄auto-sexing 骡鸭mule duck测交test cross 隐性致死recessive lethal半致死基因semi-lethal gene 标记基因marker gene父本male parent 母本female parent繁殖力fecundity 遗传效应genctic effect杂交优势heterotic vigor 经济性状practical characters碱基对base pair 遗传缺陷genetic defects下位基因hypostatic gene 基因文库gene library完全显性complete dominance 不完全显性incomplete dominance共显性codominance 连锁遗传linkage inheritance数量性状quantitative trait 表型值phenotypic value基因型值genotypic value 数量性状基因座quantitative trait locus主效基因major gene 上位效应epistatic effect系统环境效应systimatic evirenmental effect 随机环境效应randomatic envirenmental effect 加性效应additive effect 显性效应dominance effect育种值breeding value 重复力repeatability遗传力heritability 遗传相关g enetic correlation表型相关phenotypic correlation 环境相关environmental correlation广义遗传力heritability in the broad sense 狭义遗传力heritability in the narrow sense实现遗传力realized habitability最大可能生产力most Probable Producing Ability (MPPA)持久性环境效应permanent environment effect暂时性环境效应temporary environmental coefficient组内相关系数intra-class correlation coefficient最大似然法maximum Likelihood ( ML)约束最大似然法restricted Maximum likelihood (REML)最小范数二次无偏估计法minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation (INQUE)最小方差二次无偏估计法minimum variance quadratic unbiased estimation, (MIVQUE)最佳线性无偏预测best Linear unbiased prediction (BLUP)最佳线性无偏估计best linear unbiased estimation (BLUP)混合模型方程mixed model equation (ME)方差分析analysis of variance (ANOV A) 类方差分析法ANOV A-like method第六章动物生长发育的规律生长growth 生长中心growth center 发育development胚胎期term of embryo 生后期term of birth after累积生长accumulation growth 相对生长relative growth绝对生长absolute growth 生长波growth wave第七章性别决定与性别控制雄异配型male heterogamety 雌异配型female heterogamety异配性别heterogametic sex 同配性别homogametic sex性反转sex-reversal 半合基因hemizygous gene从性遗传sex-conditioned inheritance 限性遗传sex-limited inheritanc伴性遗传或性连锁遗传sex-linked inheritance睾丸决定因子(TDF) testis determining factor拟(伪)常染色体区域( PAR) pseudoautosomal-regionY染色体性别决定区sex-determiningregion of Y chromosome第二性征(副性征)secondary sexual character第八章遗传病与遗传病控制染色体病chromosomal disease 线粒体遗传病mitochondrial disease单基因遗传病monogenetic disease 多基因遗传病polygenetic or multigene disorder 失显non penetrance 不完全外显incomplete dominance不规则外显irreqular dominance并蹄syndactylism 多趾polydactylism性连锁遗传病sex-linked disorder 抗病育种breeding for disease resistance性转变sex reversal 诱变剂mutagen断裂剂clastogen 致畸剂teratogen猪的应激综合征porcine stress syndrome (PSS)恶性高热综合症milignant hyperthermia syndrome (MHS)常染色体显性遗传autosomal dominant disorder常染色体隐性遗传病autosomal recessive disorder第九章畜禽品种物种species 品种breed 品系strain, line专用品种special-purpose breed 兼用品种dual-purpose breed海福特牛Hereford 夏洛莱牛charolais利木赞牛limousine 安格斯牛angus阿伯丁-安格斯牛aberdeen-angus 契安尼娜牛chianina荷斯坦牛Holstein 中国荷斯坦牛china holstein西门塔尔牛Simmental 尼里-拉维水牛nili-ravi世界西门塔尔牛联合会WSF 澳洲美利奴羊australian merino丹麦红牛danish red 摩拉水牛murrah婆罗门牛Brahman 圣格鲁迪牛santa gertrudis肉牛王beefmaster 婆朗格斯牛brangus婆罗福特牛braford 西门婆罗牛simbrah夏白雷ch arbray辛地红牛red sindhi纯血马thoroughbred 阿尔登马ardennes超细毛型super fine merino 细毛型fine merino中毛型medium wool merino 强毛型strong wool merino罗姆尼羊romney marsh 无角陶赛特羊poll dorset萨福克羊Suffolk 诺福克羊norfolk考力代羊corriedale 夏洛莱羊charollais萨能山羊sannen安哥拉山羊angora goat努比亚山羊Nubian 波尔山羊boer goat大白猪large white 长白猪landrace杜洛克猪duroc 汉普夏猪hampshire皮特兰猪pietrain隐性白羽鸡recessive white来航鸡leghorn 罗斯褐蛋鸡ross brown layer海波罗肉鸡hybro broilers 咔叽·康贝尔鸭khaki campbell ducks 枫叶鸭maple ducks 樱桃谷肉鸭cherry valley meat ducks 莱茵鹅rhine geese 郎德鹅landoise geese王鸽king pigeons 非洲鸵鸟african ostriches美国七彩雉鸡american seven-colour common pheasants第十章动物生产性能测定生产性能测定performance testing猪应激综合征porcine stress syndrome (PSS)测定站测定station test 场内测定on-farm test肉用家畜butcher’s beast肉嫩度meat tenderness体尺测量body measurement 线性外貌评定linear classification system 产奶量milk yield 排乳速度milking rate产蛋性能egg laying performance 蛋品质egg quality羊毛品质wool quality 繁殖性能breeding performance第十一章质量性状选择原理与方法质量性状qualitative trait 选择selection显性基因dominant gene 隐性基因recessive gene伴性遗传sex-linked inheritance 测交test cross随机交配群体mendelian population or randomized mating population检验概率probability of detection第十二章数量性状的选择原理与方法多性状的选择multiple-trait selection 单性状的选择single trait selection间接选择indirect selection 直接选择direct selection表型值phenotypic value 选择差selection differential选择反应selection response 选择强度selection intensity选择指数selection index 顺序选择tandem selection独立淘汰independent Culling (level)家系family家系内选择intra-family selection 家系选择family selection遗传进展genetic gain 数量遗传学quantitative genetics阈模型threshold model 阈性状threshold trait阈值threshold value 遗传同化genetic assimilation第十三章个体遗传评定分子血缘相关阵numerator relationship matrix估计育种值estimated breeding value (EBV)估计传递力estimated transmitting ability (ETA)相对育种值relative breeding value (RBV)最佳线性无偏预测best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP)混合模型方程组法mixed model equations (MME)综合育种值total breeding value 经济加权值economic weight系谱测定pedigree testing 同胞测定sib testing后裔测定progeny testing 顺序选择法tandem selection独立淘汰法independent culling 综合选择指数selection index动物模型animal model 公畜模型sire model公畜-母畜模型sire-dam model 外祖父模型maternal grandsire model 孟德尔抽样Mendelian sampling 对数据迭代iteration on data生产质量quality of production第十四章交配系统交配体制mating system 交配系统mating system选型交配ssortative mating 同型交配positive assorrtative mating异型交配negative assortative mating 近交衰退inbreeding depression近交inbreeding 远交outbreeding生长growth 繁殖reproduce适应性adaptability 活力vigor敏感susceptible 遗传致死因子hereditary lethals近交系数inbreeding coefficient 亲缘系数coefficient of relationship畸形abnormalities 环境条件critical environmental conditions第十五章杂交体系与杂种优势的利用级进杂交grading crossing 导入杂交Introduction crossing育成杂交rearing crossing 简单经济杂交simple corssing三元杂交three—way crossing 轮回杂交rotational crossing顶交top crossing 生产性双杂交double cross近交系inbred line 专门化品系specialized strain合成系synthetic strain 杂种优势heterosis一般配合力general combining ability 特殊配合力specific combining ability 双列杂交(diallel crossing)合成群体synthetic population相互轮回选择reciprocal recurrent selection第十六章品种与品系培育艾维因avian 单系monooringinator line迪卡delcalb 地方品系local line,local strain地方品种local breed 父系sire line近交系inbred line 母系dam line品系strain,line 品系繁育1ine breeding品种breed 群系polygenesic line通用品系general purpose line 物种species育成杂交crossbreeding for formation a new breed正反交反复选择法reciprocal Recurrent Selection中国荷斯坦牛chinese Holstein 专门化品系specialized line群体遗传学population genetics 基因频率gene frequency基因库gene pool 随机交配random mating遗传漂变genetic drift 群体有效含量population effective size 保种breeds conservation 平均数mean质量性状qualitative character 数量性状quantitative character数量遗传学quantitative genetics 标准差standard deviation加性效应additive effect 显性效应dominant effect变异系数coefficient of variation 相关系数correlation coefficient纯合子homozygote 杂合子heterozygote表型值phenotype value 育种值breeding value遗传力heritability 遗传相关genetic correlation育种breeding 繁育体系breeding & multiplication system纯种purebred 品种退化degeneration品群variety population 群体继代选育法systematic breeding家系family 纯种繁育pure breeding杂交繁育cross breeding 系谱pedigree后裔测验progeny test 种畜breeding stock选种selection 世代间隔generation interval遗传进展genetic progress, genetic advance 个体选择individual selection家系选择family selection 综合指数选择法comprehensive index method 选配mating system 近交inbreeding同质选配mating like to like 异质选配mating unlike to unlike近交系数inbreeding coefficient 杂交crossing杂种crossbred, hybrid 杂种优势heterosis, hybrid vigor配合力combining ability第十七章动物遗传资源保护与利用遗传资源genetic resources 生物多样性genetic diversity物种入侵species invade 形态学morphological平均数mean 变异系数variation coefficient基因频率gene frequency 基因型频率genotype frequency参数parameter 平均杂合度average heterozygosity核苷酸多态性nucleotide polymorphism 系统发育phylogeny数据库database 生态系统ecosystem生物群落biopopulation 基因组genome数据库管理系统database management system 地理信息系geography information system 图象分析系统imaging analysis system 远程登陆Telnet internet家畜livestock 迁徙migration细胞库cell bank 细胞系cell line扩增片段长度多态性amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)随机扩增多态DNA random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)单位点微卫星多态性single locus microsatellite polymorphism序列标记微卫星sequence marker polymorphic遗传多样性保护genetic diversity conservationDNA单链构象多态性DNA single strand conformational polymorphism核苷酸替代平均数目nucleotide substitution average number第十八章现代生物技术与动物育种生物技术biotechnology 基因工程gene engineering蛋白质工程protein engineering 细胞工程cell engineering发酵工程fermentation engineering 人工授精artificial insemination (AI)胚胎移植embryo transfer ( ET) 核移植nuclear transplantation遗传标记genetic marker 免疫遗传标记immunogenetical marker型群phenogroup生化遗传标记biochemical genetic marker基因组genomics 基因芯片gene chip动物转基因技术transgenic technology or transgenesis第十九章动物育种规划与繁育体系育种规划breeding scheme 育种目标性状breeding goal traits育种目标breeding goal 经济加权系数economic weighting coefficients 遗传差距genetic lag 综合育种值total breeding value时间差距time lag 主动育种群active breeding herd贴现discount 基因流动法gene flow method边际效益marginal profit 传递矩阵transmission matrix育种效益breeding returns 育种投入量breeding costs选择周期cycle of selection 选择通径paths of selection第二十章动物育种数据管理与软件应用育种数据Breeding data 育种记录Breeding records校正因子Adjustment factors 加性校正因子Additive adjustment factors 乘性校正因子Multiplicative adjustment factors 遗传组模型Genetic group model Bartlett’s检验Bartlett’s test Levene's 检验Levene's test计量数据Quantitative data 计数数据Count data无序分类数据Unordered Categorical Data 有序分类数据Ordered Categorical Data方差组分V ariance components 非求导算法Derivative-free algorithmR法Method R 公畜模型Sire model协方差函数Covariance functions 随机回归模型Random regression model动物模型Animal model 重复力模型Repeatability model传递力Transmitting ability 遗传趋势Genetic trend母体效应模型Maternal effect model 母体遗传效应Maternal genetic effect母体永久环境效应Maternal permanent environmental effect最佳线性无偏估计Best linear unbiased estimation (BLUE)最佳线性无偏预测Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP)约束最大似然法Restricted maximum likelihood期望最大化算法Expectation maximum algorithm平均信息算法A verage information algorithm马尔克夫链蒙特卡洛Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)Newton-Raphson(NR)算法Newton-Raphson(NR)algorithmFisher判分法(MSC)Method of scoring (MSC)Choleskey分解Choleskey decomposition数据库管理系统Database management system系统环境因素Systematic environmental factors。

生物专业术语中英对照

生物专业术语中英对照

1. haplo,mono,uni :单,一,独 haploid 单倍体 monoxide一氧化碳 monoatomic单原子的2. bi,di,dipl,twi,du ::二,双,两,偶 biocolor 双色,dichromatic 双色的,diplobacillus 双杆菌 dikaryon 双核体twin :孪生 dual 双重的3. tri :三,丙 triangle三角 triacylglycerol三酰甘油 tricarboxylic acid cycle 三羧酸循环4. quadri,quadru,quart,tetr,tetra:四 quadrilateral四边的 quadrivalent四价的 quadruped四足动物tetrode四极管 tetracycline四环素5. pent,penta,quique五 pentose戊糖pentagon五角形pentane戊烷quintuple 五倍的 pentose戊糖 pentomer五邻粒6. hex,hexa,sex 六 hexose已糖 hexapod六足动物hexapoda昆虫纲 hexamer六聚体7. hepta,sept(i) 七 heptane 庚烷 heptose 庚糖 heptoglobin七珠蛋白8. oct八 octpus 章鱼 octagon八角形 octane 辛烷 octase 辛糖9. enne,nona九 nonapeptide 九肽 enneahedron 九面体10. deca,deka 十 :decapod 十足目动物 decahedron 十面体 decagram 十克11. hecto, 百 hectometer百米 hectoliter百升 hectowatt 百瓦12. kilo,千 kilodalton (KD) 千道尔顿 kilobase 千碱基 kiloelectron volt 千电子伏特13. deci,十分之一,分 decimeter 分米decigram 十分之一克14. centi,百分之一15. milli,千分之一,毫millimole 毫摩(尔)milliliter 毫升16. micro,百万分之一,微,微小,微量microgram微克 microogranism微生物microecology微生态学micropipet微量移液器17. nano十亿分之一,毫微,纳nanosecond十亿分之一秒nanometer纳米18. demi,hemi,semi半 demibariel 半桶 hemicerebrum 大脑半球semiopaque半透明semi-allel半等位基因 semi-conductor半导体19. holo 全,整体,完全 holoenzyme 全酶holoprotein全蛋白 holocrine全(质分)泌20. mega巨大,兆,百万 megaspore大孢子,megabasse兆碱基megakaryocyte巨核细胞megavolt兆伏 megalopolitan特大城市21. macro 大,巨大,多macrophage巨噬细胞macrogamete大配子macroelement常量元素 macromolecular大分子22. poly,multi,mult 多,复合polyacrylate聚丙烯酸酯 polymerase 聚合酶multichain多链的multinucleate 多核的 multicistronic mRNA多顺反子mRNA multicopy 多拷贝1 chrom颜色chromophore生色团 chromosome染色体 chromatography色谱法2 melan,melano,nigr 黑melanoma黑素瘤melanin黑色素melanophore黑色素细胞3 xantho,flavo,fla,flavi,lute黄xanthophyl叶黄素 xanthous黄色的,黄色人种xathine黄嘌呤 flavin(e)黄素flavone黄酮 letein黄体素,叶黄素flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD)黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸4 erythro, rub, rubrm, ruf,红erythrocyte红细胞erythromycin红霉素erythropoitin(EPO)促红细胞生成素5 chloro,chlor绿,氯chlorophyll叶绿素 chloride氯化物chloramphenicol氯霉素6 cyan,cyano 蓝,青紫色,氰cyanophyceae 蓝藻纲 cyanobacteria蓝细菌cyanide氰化物7 aur,glid,chrys金色aureomycin金霉素chrysose 金藻淀粉 chrysanthemum菊花 glidstone 金沙石 glid 镀金8 leu,leuco,leuk,leuko,blan,alb无色,白色leucine亮氨酸 leukaemia=leucosis白血病bleaching powder漂白粉 albomycin白霉素三、表示摄食的词素1 –vore 食……动物,-vorous食……动物的algivore食藻动物 carnivore 食肉动物herbivore 食草动物 omnivore 杂食动物2-phage吃(食)食……生物(体)-phagous吃(食)……的phage噬菌体phagocyte 吞噬细胞 zoophage食肉动物saprophage腐食者四、表示方位和程度的词素1 endo,ento,内,在内endocrine内分泌endocytosis胞吞作用 endogamy近亲繁殖 endolysin内溶素entoderm内胚层2 ec, ect, exc, extra 外,外面,表面ectoblast外胚层 ectoparasite 外寄生生物 extract 抽取,浸出3 meso 中,中间mesosphere 中圈,中层 mesoplast 中胚层质4 intra,intro,inter 在内,向内intra-allelic interaction 等位基因内相互作用 intracellular(细)胞内的interurban城市之间5 centri,centro,medi,mid 中心,中央,中间centrifuge离心 centriole 中心粒centrosome 中心体 centrogeng着丝基因6 epi,peri 上,外,旁epidermal growth factor(EGF): 表皮生长因子 epibranchial上鳃的perilune近月点7 sub,suc,suf,sug 下,低,小suborder 亚目 submucosa粘膜下层subclone亚克隆 subcellular亚细胞 subsection 小节,分部8 super,supra 上,高,超superconductor超导体 superfluid 超流体 superoxide 超氧化物 supramolecular 超分子的9 hyper 超过,过多hypersensitive 过敏的 hyperelastic 超弹性的hypertension 高血压 hyperploid 超倍体10 hypo下,低,次hypoglycaemia 低血糖 hypotension低血压hypophysis脑下垂体11 iso 等,相同,同iso-osmotic等渗的isopod等足目动物 isotope同位素12 oligo,olig少,低,寡,狭oligohaline 狭盐性 oligogene寡基因 oligomer寡聚体 oligophagous寡食性oligarchy寡头政治13 eury 多,宽,广eurythermal 广温的 euryhaline广盐性eurytopic species广幅种14 ultr 超ultra-acoustics 超声学ultra-structure超微结构ultroviolet紫外线15 infra 下,低,远infralittoral 潮下带,远岸的 infrahuman类人生物infrared红外线的infrastructure基础结构,基本结构五、表示动物不同器官和组织的词素1 cephal,capit,cran 头,头颅2 cyte 细胞3 carn,my,mya,myo,肉,肌肉4 haem,haemat,hem,aem,sangul 血5 soma,corp 体,身体6 some,plast 体,颗粒7 hepa,hepat 肝 heparin 肝素 hepatopancreas肝胰腺 hepatocyte 肝细胞hepatoma肝癌8 ren,nephr 肾adrnal肾上腺的 nephridia肾管 nephron肾单位9 card,cord 心 cardiotoxin 心脏毒素 cardiovascular center 心血管中枢electrocardiogram心电图 concord一致,和谐10 ophthalm,ocell,ocul 眼 ophthalmology眼科学 ophthalmia眼炎ophthalmologist眼科专家11 branchi 鳃 filibranch丝鳃 lamellibrnch瓣鳃 sencondary branchium次生鳃12 brac ,brachi 腕,手臂 brachiolaria 短腕幼虫brachionectin臂粘连蛋白bracelet手镯13 dent,odont 牙齿 dentin牙质 odontphora 齿舌 odontoblast成牙质细胞14 plum羽 plumatus 羽状的 plumule绒毛 plumage (鸟的)羽毛15 foli,foil 叶 follicle滤泡 foiling叶形 foliage 叶子 foliose 多叶的。

生物学基本名词详细解释(中英文对照)

生物学基本名词详细解释(中英文对照)

生物学基本名词详细解释(中英文对照)生物学基本名词详细解释(中英文对照)/doc/942173810.html,/english/special ity/5091.html组织相容性Histocompatibility字面上讲是指不同组织共存的能力;严格地讲是指所有移植蛋白的一致性,这是阻止移植和器官排斥的需要。

组织相容性的分子基础是修饰几乎所有人类细胞表面的一套移植蛋白。

这些蛋白是由位于6号染色体上的一段称为主要组织相溶性复合体基因,MHC编码的。

这些蛋白高度多态。

例如,它们在不同的人中显示差异。

尽管很多人会有一些相同的MHC分子,极少数人有完全相同的MHC分子。

微小的差别导致这些蛋白质被移植受体的免疫系统识别为外来的而进行破坏。

对成功的移植来说这些蛋白质应该在供体和受体之间相匹配。

双胞胎相配的几率最高,接下来是兄弟姐妹。

在一般人群中只有10万分之一的比例是MHC匹配的,可以允许移植。

Literally, the ability of different tissues to “get along”; strictly, identity in all of the transplantation proteins, which is a requirement for the prevention of graft or organ rejection. The molecular basis of histocompatibility is a set of transplantation proteins that decorate the surface of nearly all human cells. These proteins are encoded by genes that are grouped on a part of chromosome 6 called the major histocompatibility complex, or MHC. These proteins are high ly “polymorphic” i.e., they show variation in different individuals. Although many in dividuals may share some identical MHC molecules, a very low number share all the MHC molecules. The consequence of these minor differences is that these proteins are recognized by the transplant recipient’s immune system as being foreign, and so are targe ted for destruction (since the immune system’s job is toeradicate any foreign proteins or cells that invade the body). For successful transplantation these proteins ideally should be matched between donor and recipient. Twins have the highest rate of matc h, followed by siblings. In the general population only 1 in 100,000 individuals is sufficiently “MHC matched” to another person to allow transplantation.X射线结晶学X-ray Crystallography阐述蛋白质、DNA或其它生物分子的原子水平的三维结构的技术。

生物中英专有名词对照表

生物中英专有名词对照表

生物中英专有名词对照表head? 头 throat? 喉咙, 咽喉 armpit hair? 腋毛nipple? 乳头 chest? 胸部 pit? 胸口navel? 肚脐abdomen? 腹部private parts? 阴部thigh? 大腿neck? 脖子shoulder? 肩back? 背waist? 腰hip? 臀部buttock? 屁股skull? 颅骨, 头盖骨collarbone? 锁骨rib? 肋骨backbone? 脊骨, 脊柱shoulder joint? 肩关节shoulder blade? 肩胛骨breastbone? 胸骨elbow joint? 肘关节pelvis? 骨盆kneecap? 膝盖骨bone? 骨skeleton? 骨骼sinew? 腱muscle? 肌肉joint? 关节blood vessel? 血管vein? 静脉artery? 动脉capillary? 毛细血管nerve? 神经spinal marrow? 脊髓brain? 脑respiration? 呼吸windpipe? 气管lung? 肺heart? 心脏diaphragm? 隔膜exhale? 呼出inhale? 呼入internal organs? 内脏gullet? 食管stomach? 胃liver? 肝脏gall bladder? 胆囊pancreas? 胰腺spleen? 脾duodenum? 12指肠small intestine? 小肠large intestine? 大肠blind gut? 盲肠vermiform appendix? 阑尾rectum? 直肠anus? 肛门bite? 咬chew? 咀嚼knead? 揉捏swallow? 咽下digest? 消化absord? 吸收discharge? 排泄excrement? 粪便kidney? 肾脏bladder? 膀胱penis? 阴茎testicles? 睾丸scroticles? 阴囊urine? 尿道ovary? 卵巢womb? 子宫vagina? 阴道pine? 松cerdar? 雪松类larch? 落叶松juniper? 杜松cone? 松果cypress? 柏树bamboo? 竹box? 黄杨poplar? 白杨cottonwood? 三角叶杨osier? 紫皮柳树willow? 垂柳birch? 白桦maple? 枫树sequoia? 红杉fir? 冷杉hemlock spruce? 铁杉spruce? 云杉yew? 紫杉eucalytus? 桉树locust? 洋槐wattle? 金合欢树camphor tree? 樟树rosewood? 紫檀ebony? 乌檀sandalwood? 檀香木satinwood? 椴木linden? 椴树rowan? 欧洲山梨teak? 柚木树elm? 榆木树oak? 橡树acorn? 橡树果sycamore? 美国梧桐ginkgo? 银杏树holly? 冬青coco? 椰树date? 枣椰树hickory? 山核桃树plane tree? 悬铃树beech? 山毛榉horse chestnut? 七叶树blackthorn? 黑刺李baobab? 猴面包树elder? 接骨木myrtle? 桃金娘科植物cycad? 苏铁oil palm? 油棕榈树treetop? 树梢branch? 树枝twig? 小树枝bough? 大树枝knot? 树节trunk? 树干leaf? 树叶sprout? 新芽sapling? 树苗stump? 树桩root? 树根root hair? 根毛taproot? 主根bark? 树皮resin? 树脂pith? 木髓cambium? 形成层ring? 年轮wood? 木材rose? 玫瑰花tulip? 郁金香balsam? 凤仙花canna? 美人蕉lily? 百合花jasmine? 茉莉sweet pea? 香豌豆花sunflower? 向日葵geranium? 大竺葵morning-glory? 牵牛花cosmos? 大波斯菊pansy? 三色堇poppy? 罂粟花marigold? 金盏花carnation? 麝香石竹amaryllis? 孤挺花dahlia? 大丽花pink? 石竹花crocus? 番红花iris? 蝴蝶花hyacinth? 风信花daffodil? 黄水仙chrysanthemum? 菊marguerite, daisy? 雏菊gladiolus? 剑兰cantury plant? 龙舌兰magnolia? 木兰yucca? 丝兰orchid? 兰花freesia? 小苍兰cyclamen? 仙客来begonia? 秋海棠anemone? 银莲花wisteria? 柴藤redbud? 紫荆dogwood? 山茱萸hawthorn? 山楂camellia? 山茶hydrangea? 八仙花hibiscus? 木槿peony? 芍药azalea? 杜鹃rhododendron? 杜鹃花daphne? 瑞香gardenia? 栀子lilac? 紫丁香night-blooming cereus? 仙人掌apple? 苹果pear? 梨orange? 桔子quince? 柑橘apricot? 杏plum? 洋李pistil? 雌蕊ovary? 子房petal? 花瓣anther? 花药stamen? 雄蕊nectar gland? 蜜腺sepal? 萼片stalk? 花柄pollen? 花粉snake? 蛇adder, viper? 蝰蛇boa? 王蛇cobra? 眼镜蛇copperhead? 美洲腹蛇coral snake? 银环蛇grass snake? 草蛇moccasin? 嗜鱼蛇python? 蟒蛇rattlesnake? 响尾蛇lizard? 蜥蜴tuatara? 古蜥蜴chameleon? 变色龙,避役iguana? 鬣蜥wall lizard? 壁虎salamander, triton, newt? 蝾螈giant salamander? 娃娃鱼, 鲵crocodile? 鳄鱼, 非洲鳄alligator? 短吻鳄, 美洲鳄caiman, cayman? 凯门鳄gavial? 印度鳄turtle? 龟tortoise? 玳瑁sea turtle? 海龟frog? 青蛙bullfrog? 牛蛙toad? 蟾蜍carp? 鲤鱼crucian? 鲫鱼eel? 鳗鱼herring? 青鱼, 鲱mullet? 乌鱼, 黑鱼perch? 鲈鱼pike? 梭子鱼salmon? 鲑鱼trout? 鳟鱼anchovy? 凤尾鱼anglerfish? 安康鱼cod? 鳕鱼hake? 无须鳕mackerel? 鲭,鲐plaice? 鲽red mullet, surmullet? 羊鱼ray? 鳐鱼sardine? 沙丁鱼sailfish? 旗鱼sea bream? 海鲷sea horse? 海马shark? 鲨鱼skipjack? 鲣鱼sole? 舌鳎swordfish? 剑鱼sturgeon? 鲟鱼sunfish? 翻车鱼tarpon? 大海鲢tunny, tuna? 金枪鱼turbot? 大菱鲆whiting? 小无须鳕ant? 蚂蚁queen ant? 蚁后male ant? 雄蚁white ant? 白蚁worker ant? 工蚁bee, honeybees? 蜜蜂bumble bee? 大黄蜂drone? 雄蜂queen bee? 蜂王wasp? 黄蜂, 胡蜂beetle? 甲虫, 金龟子Japanese beetle? 日本金龟子fly? 苍蝇horsefly, gadfly? 厩蝇,牛虻flea? 跳蚤silverfish? 蠹虫louse, lice? 虱子, 白虱spider? 蜘蛛mosquito? 蚊anopheles? 按蚊,疟蚊wiggler? 孑孓ladybird? 瓢虫glowworm, firefly? 萤火虫cicada? 蝉dragonfly? 蜻蜓cricket? 蟋蟀locust? 蝗虫grasshopper? 蚱蜢praying mantis? 螳螂caterpillar? 毛虫centipede? 蜈蚣butterfly? 蝴蝶sulphur butterfly? 白蝴蝶cabbage butterfly? 纹白蝶pale clouded yellow? 纹黄蝶swallowtail? 凤尾蝶moth? 蛾silkworm moth? 蚕蛾bedbug, bug? 臭虫stink bug? 椿象cockroach? 蟑螂tarantula? 多毛毒蜘蛛scorpion? 蝎子snail? 蜗牛cuttloefish? 乌贼squid? 枪乌贼,鱿鱼octopus? 章鱼clam? 蚌cockle? 鸟蛤mussel? 淡菜,贻贝oyster? 牡蛎scallop? 扇贝sea urchin? 海胆prawn? 虾crayfish? 小龙虾, 喇蛄lobster? 龙虾shrimp? 对虾large prawn? 大对虾Norway lobster? 蝉虾spiny lobster, rock lobster? 大螯虾crab? 蟹hermit crab? 寄居蟹spider crab? 蜘蛛蟹earthworm? 蚯蚓, 地龙leech? 蚂蝗, 水蛭tapeworm? 绦虫trichina? 旋毛虫3生物专业术语中英对照一、表示数量的词素1. haplo,mono,uni :单,一,独 haploid 单倍体 monoxide一氧化碳 monoatomic单原子的2. bi,di,dipl,twi,du ::二,双,两,偶 biocolor 双色,dichromatic 双色的,diplobacillus 双杆菌 dikaryon 双核体twin :孪生 dual 双重的3. tri :三,丙 triangle三角 triacylglycerol三酰甘油 tricarboxylic acid cycle 三羧酸循环4. quadri,quadru,quart,tetr,tetra:四 quadrilateral四边的 quadrivalent四价的 quadruped四足动物tetrode四极管 tetracycline四环素5. pent,penta,quique五 pentose戊糖pentagon五角形pentane戊烷quintuple 五倍的 pentose戊糖 pentomer五邻粒6. hex,hexa,sex 六 hexose已糖 hexapod六足动物hexapoda昆虫纲 hexamer六聚体7. hepta,sept(i) 七 heptane 庚烷 heptose 庚糖 heptoglobin七珠蛋白8. oct八 octpus 章鱼 octagon八角形 octane 辛烷 octase 辛糖9. enne,nona九 nonapeptide 九肽 enneahedron 九面体10. deca,deka 十 :decapod 十足目动物 decahedron 十面体 decagram 十克11. hecto, 百 hectometer百米 hectoliter百升 hectowatt 百瓦12. kilo,千 kilodalton (KD) 千道尔顿 kilobase 千碱基 kiloelectron volt 千电子伏特13. deci,十分之一,分 decimeter 分米decigram 十分之一克14. centi,百分之一15. milli,千分之一,毫millimole 毫摩(尔)milliliter 毫升16. micro,百万分之一,微,微小,微量microgram微克 microogranism微生物microecology微生态学micropipet微量移液器17. nano十亿分之一,毫微,纳nanosecond十亿分之一秒nanometer纳米18. demi,hemi,semi半 demibariel 半桶 hemicerebrum 大脑半球semiopaque半透明semi-allel半等位基因 semi-conductor半导体19. holo 全,整体,完全 holoenzyme 全酶holoprotein全蛋白 holocrine全(质分)泌20. mega巨大,兆,百万 megaspore大孢子,megabasse兆碱基megakaryocyte巨核细胞megavolt兆伏 megalopolitan特大城市21. macro 大,巨大,多macrophage巨噬细胞macrogamete大配子macroelement常量元素 macromolecular大分子22. poly,multi,mult 多,复合polyacrylate聚丙烯酸酯 polymerase 聚合酶multichain多链的multinucleate 多核的 multicistronic mRNA多顺反子mRNA multicopy 多拷贝二、表示颜色的词素1 chrom颜色chromophore生色团 chromosome染色体 chromatography色谱法2 melan,melano,nigr 黑melanoma黑素瘤melanin黑色素melanophore黑色素细胞3 xantho,flavo,fla,flavi,lute黄xanthophyl叶黄素 xanthous黄色的,黄色人种xathine黄嘌呤 flavin(e)黄素flavone黄酮 letein黄体素,叶黄素flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD)黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸4 erythro, rub, rubrm, ruf,红erythrocyte红细胞erythromycin红霉素erythropoitin(EPO)促红细胞生成素5 chloro,chlor绿,氯chlorophyll叶绿素 chloride氯化物chloramphenicol氯霉素6 cyan,cyano 蓝,青紫色,氰cyanophyceae 蓝藻纲 cyanobacteria蓝细菌cyanide氰化物7 aur,glid,chrys金色aureomycin金霉素chrysose 金藻淀粉 chrysanthemum菊花 glidstone 金沙石 glid 镀金8 leu,leuco,leuk,leuko,blan,alb无色,白色leucine亮氨酸 leukaemia=leucosis白血病bleaching powder漂白粉 albomycin白霉素三、表示摄食的词素1 –vore 食……动物,-vorous食……动物的algivore食藻动物 carnivore 食肉动物herbivore 食草动物 omnivore 杂食动物2-phage吃(食)食……生物(体)-phagous吃(食)……的phage噬菌体phagocyte 吞噬细胞 zoophage食肉动物saprophage腐食者四、表示方位和程度的词素1 endo,ento,内,在内endocrine内分泌endocytosis胞吞作用 endogamy近亲繁殖 endolysin内溶素entoderm内胚层2 ec, ect, exc, extra 外,外面,表面ectoblast外胚层 ectoparasite 外寄生生物 extract 抽取,浸出3 meso 中,中间mesosphere 中圈,中层 mesoplast 中胚层质4 intra,intro,inter 在内,向内intra-allelic interaction 等位基因内相互作用 intracellular(细)胞内的interurban城市之间5 centri,centro,medi,mid 中心,中央,中间centrifuge离心 centriole 中心粒centrosome 中心体 centrogeng着丝基因6 epi,peri 上,外,旁epidermal growth factor(EGF): 表皮生长因子 epibranchial上鳃的perilune近月点7 sub,suc,suf,sug 下,低,小suborder 亚目 submucosa粘膜下层subclone亚克隆 subcellular亚细胞 subsection 小节,分部8 super,supra 上,高,超superconductor超导体 superfluid 超流体 superoxide 超氧化物 supramolecular 超分子的9 hyper 超过,过多hypersensitive 过敏的 hyperelastic 超弹性的hypertension 高血压 hyperploid 超倍体10 hypo下,低,次hypoglycaemia 低血糖 hypotension低血压hypophysis脑下垂体11 iso 等,相同,同iso-osmotic等渗的isopod等足目动物 isotope同位素12 oligo,olig少,低,寡,狭oligohaline 狭盐性 oligogene寡基因 oligomer寡聚体 oligophagous寡食性oligarchy寡头政治13 eury 多,宽,广eurythermal 广温的 euryhaline广盐性eurytopic species广幅种14 ultr 超ultra-acoustics 超声学ultra-structure超微结构ultroviolet紫外线15 infra 下,低,远infralittoral 潮下带,远岸的 infrahuman类人生物infrared红外线的infrastructure基础结构,基本结构五、表示动物不同器官和组织的词素1 cephal,capit,cran 头,头颅2 cyte 细胞3 carn,my,mya,myo,肉,肌肉4 haem,haemat,hem,aem,sangul 血5 soma,corp 体,身体6 some,plast 体,颗粒7 hepa,hepat 肝 heparin 肝素 hepatopancreas肝胰腺 hepatocyte 肝细胞hepatoma肝癌8 ren,nephr 肾adrnal肾上腺的 nephridia肾管 nephron肾单位9 card,cord 心 cardiotoxin 心脏毒素 cardiovascular center 心血管中枢electrocardiogram心电图 concord一致,和谐10 ophthalm,ocell,ocul 眼 ophthalmology眼科学 ophthalmia眼炎ophthalmologist眼科专家11 branchi 鳃 filibranch丝鳃 lamellibrnch瓣鳃 sencondary branchium次生鳃12 brac ,brachi 腕,手臂 brachiolaria 短腕幼虫brachionectin臂粘连蛋白bracelet手镯13 dent,odont 牙齿 dentin牙质 odontphora 齿舌 odontoblast成牙质细胞14 plum羽 plumatus 羽状的 plumule绒毛 plumage (鸟的)羽毛15 foli,foil 叶 follicle滤泡 foiling叶形 foliage 叶子 foliose 多叶的数学专有名词中英文对照表NO_单双号限行1楼公理 axiom定理 theorem计算 calculation运算 operation证明 prove假设 hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)命题 proposition算术 arithmetic加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)被加数 augend, summand加数 addend和 sum减 minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)被减数 minuend减数 subtrahend差 remainder乘 times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.)被乘数 multiplicand, faciend乘数 multiplicator积 product除 divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)被除数 dividend除数 divisor商 quotient等于 equals, is equal to, is equivalent to大于 is greater than小于 is lesser than大于等于 is equal or greater than小于等于 is equal or lesser than运算符 operator平均数mean算术平均数arithmatic mean几何平均数geometric mean n个数之积的n次方根倒数(reciprocal) x的倒数为1/x有理数 rational number无理数 irrational number实数 real number虚数 imaginary number数字 digit数 number自然数 natural number整数 integer小数 decimal小数点 decimal point分数 fraction分子 numerator分母 denominator比 ratio正 positive负 negative零 null, zero, nought, nil十进制 decimal system二进制 binary system十六进制 hexadecimal system权 weight, significance进位 carry截尾 truncation四舍五入 round下舍入 round down上舍入 round up有效数字 significant digit无效数字 insignificant digit代数 algebra公式 formula, formulae(pl.)单项式 monomial多项式 polynomial, multinomial系数 coefficient未知数 unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 等式,方程式 equation一次方程 simple equation二次方程 quadratic equation三次方程 cubic equation四次方程 quartic equation不等式 inequation阶乘 factorial对数 logarithm指数,幂 exponent乘方 power二次方,平方 square三次方,立方 cube四次方 the power of four, the fourth power n次方 the power of n, the nth power开方 evolution, extraction二次方根,平方根 square root三次方根,立方根 cube root四次方根 the root of four, the fourth root n次方根 the root of n, the nth rootsqrt(2)=1.414sqrt(3)=1.732sqrt(5)=2.236常量 constant变量 variable坐标系 coordinates坐标轴 x-axis, y-axis, z-axis横坐标 x-coordinate纵坐标 y-coordinate原点 origin象限quadrant截距(有正负之分)intercede(方程的)解solution几何geometry点 point线 line面 plane体 solid线段 segment射线 radial顶∙2008-10-06 14:13 ∙回复NO_单双号限行∙2楼外心 excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE)旁心 escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)垂心 orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)重心 barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)内切圆 inscribed circle外切圆 circumcircle统计 statistics平均数 average加权平均数 weighted average方差 variance标准差 root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation比例 propotion百分比 percent百分点 percentage百分位数 percentile排列 permutation组合 combination概率,或然率 probability分布 distribution正态分布 normal distribution非正态分布 abnormal distribution图表 graph条形统计图 bar graph柱形统计图 histogram折线统计图 broken line graph曲线统计图 curve diagram扇形统计图 pie diagram∙2008-10-06 14:15 ∙回复NO_单双号限行3楼无穷大 infinite(a.) infinity(n.)无穷小 infinitesimal积分 integral定积分 definite integral不定积分 indefinite integral复数 complex number矩阵 matrix行列式 determinant圆 circle圆心 centre(BrE), center(AmE)半径 radius直径 diameter圆周率 pi弧 arc半圆 semicircle扇形 sector环 ring椭圆 ellipse圆周 circumference轨迹 locus, loca(pl.)平行六面体 parallelepiped立方体 cube七面体 heptahedron八面体 octahedron九面体 enneahedron十面体 decahedron十一面体 hendecahedron十二面体 dodecahedron二十面体 icosahedron多面体 polyhedron旋转 rotation轴 axis球 sphere半球 hemisphere底面 undersurface表面积 surface area体积 volume空间 space双曲线 hyperbola抛物线 parabola四面体 tetrahedron五面体 pentahedron六面体 hexahedron菱形 rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond正方形 square梯形 trapezoid直角梯形 right trapezoid等腰梯形 isosceles trapezoid五边形 pentagon六边形 hexagon七边形 heptagon八边形 octagon九边形 enneagon十边形 decagon十一边形 hendecagon十二边形 dodecagon多边形 polygon正多边形 equilateral polygon相位 phase周期 period振幅 amplitude内心 incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE)∙2008-10-06 14:16∙回复NO_单双号限4楼平行 parallel相交 intersect角 angle角度 degree弧度 radian行 锐角 acute angle直角 right angle钝角 obtuse angle平角 straight angle周角 perigon底 base边 side高 height三角形 triangle锐角三角形 acute triangle直角三角形 right triangle直角边 leg斜边 hypotenuse勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem 钝角三角形 obtuse triangle不等边三角形 scalene triangle 等腰三角形 isosceles triangle 等边三角形 equilateral triangle 四边形 quadrilateral平行四边形 parallelogram矩形 rectangle长 length宽 width周长 perimeter面积 area相似 similar全等 congruent三角 trigonometry正弦 sine余弦 cosine正切 tangent余切 cotangent正割 secant余割 cosecant反正弦 arc sine反余弦 arc cosine反正切 arc tangent反余切 arc cotangent反余割 arc cosecant补充:集合aggregate元素 element空集 void子集 subset交集 intersection并集 union补集 complement映射 mapping函数 function定义域 domain, field of definition 值域 range单调性 monotonicity奇偶性 parity周期性 periodicity图象 image数列,级数 series微积分 calculus微分 differential导数 derivative极限 limit无穷大 infinite(a.) infinity(n.) 无穷小 infinitesimal积分 integral定积分 definite integral不定积分 indefinite integral复数 complex number矩阵 matrix行列式 determinant圆 circle圆心 centre(BrE), center(AmE)半径 radius直径 diameter圆周率 pi弧 arc扇形 sector环 ring椭圆 ellipse圆周 circumference轨迹 locus, loca(pl.)平行六面体 parallelepiped立方体 cube七面体 heptahedron八面体 octahedron九面体 enneahedron十面体 decahedron十一面体 hendecahedron十二面体 dodecahedron二十面体 icosahedron多面体 polyhedron旋转 rotation轴 axis球 sphere半球 hemisphere底面 undersurface表面积 surface area体积 volume空间 space双曲线 hyperbola抛物线 parabola四面体 tetrahedron五面体 pentahedron六面体 hexahedron菱形 rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond 正方形 square梯形 trapezoid直角梯形 right trapezoid等腰梯形 isosceles trapezoid五边形 pentagon六边形 hexagon七边形 heptagon八边形 octagon九边形 enneagon十边形 decagon十一边形 hendecagon十二边形 dodecagon多边形 polygon正多边形 equilateral polygon相位 phase周期 period振幅 amplitude内心 incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE)。

分子生物学常见名词解释完全版(中英文对照)

分子生物学常见名词解释完全版(中英文对照)

分子生物学常见名词解释完全版(中英文对照)分子生物学常见名词解释完全版(中英文对照)AAbundance(mRNA丰度):指每个细胞中mRNA分子得数目。

?AbundantmRNA(高丰度mRNA):由少量不同种类mRNA组成,每一种在细胞中出现大量拷贝。

?Acceptor splicing site (受体剪切位点):内含子右末端与相邻外显子左末端得边界。

?A centric fragment(无着丝粒片段):(由打断产生得)染色体无着丝粒片段缺少中心粒,从而?在细胞分化中被丢失. ?Activesite(活性位点):蛋白质上一个底物结合得有限区域。

Allele(等位基因):在染色体上占据给定位点基因得不同形式. ?Allelic exclusion(等位基因排斥):形容在特殊淋巴细胞中只有一个等位基因来表达编码得免疫球蛋白质。

?Allosteric control(别构调控):指蛋白质一个位点上得反应能够影响另一个位点活性得能力。

Alu—equivalentfamily(Alu 相当序列基因):哺乳动物基因组上一组序列,它们与人类Alu家族相关.Alufamily (Alu家族):人类基因组中一系列分散得相关序列,每个约300bp长。

每个成员?其两端有Alu切割位点(名字得由来). ?α-Amanitin(鹅膏覃碱):就是来自毒蘑菇Amanitaphal loides二环八肽,能抑制真核RNA聚合酶,特别就是聚合酶II 转录.Amber codon (琥珀密码子):核苷酸三联体UAG,引起蛋白质合成终止得三个密码子之一.?Am ber mutation(琥珀突变):指代表蛋白质中氨基酸密码子占据得位点上突变成琥珀密码子得任何DNA 改变。

?Amber suppressors (琥珀抑制子):编码tRNA得基因突变使其反密码子被改变,从而能识别UAG密码子与之前得密码子。

Aminoacyl—tRNA (氨酰—tRNA):就是携带氨基酸得转运RNA,共价连接位在氨基酸得NH2基团与tRNA终止碱基得3¢或者2¢—OH 基团上。

生物名词中英文对照

生物名词中英文对照

crab:螃蟹land crab:地蟹urchin:海胆jelly:水母;海蜇fish:鱼giant clam:砗磲herring:鲱鱼bird:鸟gull:海鸥;鸥turnstone:翻石鹬sandpiper:矶鹬 wader:涉禽mantis:螳螂frog:青蛙;蛙tadpole:蝌蚪tree 1。

8:树蛙rain 1。

8:雨蛙owl butterfly:猫头鹰蝶山6":昆虫wasp:蜂;胡蜂 caterpillar:毛虫cabbage white:菜粉蝶 mosquito:feMidas cichlid:双冠丽鱼 sawfly:叶蜂 assassin bug:猎蝽 snow goose:雪雁Arctic fox:北极狐salt water crocodile:湾鳄crocodile:鳄鱼crested hawk:凤头鹃隼peripatus:栉蚕worm:虫;蠕虫;蚯蚓 centipede:蜈蚣tsetse fly:舌蝇;采采蝇 gnat:蚋mushroom:蘑菇 sea louse:鱼虱pipefish:海龙stickleback:刺鱼sea lion:海狮antelope:羚羊;牛羚;角马chinchilla:毛丝鼠;粟鼠;绒鼠hyena:鬣狗;土狼bat:蝙蝠mammal:哺乳动物Christmas Island crab:圣诞地蟹ant:蚂蚁 ep02:elephant seal:象海豹tern:燕鸥fish:鱼gull:海鸥;鸥lacebug:网蝽lacewing:草蛉;草蜻蛉jumping spider:跳蛛snow goose:雪雁duck:鸭goose:雁ground-living 匕1那:走禽Arctic fox:北极狐mammal:哺乳动物opossum:负鼠bee:蜜蜂kangaroo:袋鼠wallaby:沙袋鼠;小袋鼠antelope:羚羊;牛羚;角马saiga:高鼻羚羊;赛加羚羊steppe eagle:草原雕;大花雕;角雕scorpion:蝎子shrew:鼩鼱山6":昆虫eider duck:绒鸭mara:兔豚鼠;马拉豚鼠;长耳豚鼠guinea pig:豚鼠bat:蝙蝠free-tailed bat:犬吻蝠pine:松树Florida scrub jay:佛罗里达灌丛鸦 indigo snake:森王蛇;靛青蛇 wren:鹪鹩woodpecker:啄木鸟moorhen:黑水鸡elephant:象 chimpanzee:黑猩猩albatross:信天翁tiger shark:虎鲨 ep03:spectacled bear:眼镜熊woolly spider monkey:绒毛蛛猴small red panda:小熊猫bamboo:竹golden bamboo lemur:金竹狐猴;金竹驯狐猴山6":昆虫caterpillar:毛虫plague beetle:天牛beetle:甲虫milkweed:马利筋marmoset :狨猴poppy:罂粟bumblebee:熊蜂bee:蜜蜂combretum:风车子monkey:猴squirrel monkey:松鼠猴tamarin:小绢猴capuchin:卷尾猴;僧帽猴bird:鸟lizard:蜥蜴heliconia:蝎尾蕉;赫蕉;海里康hummingbird:蜂鸟violet sabre-wing:紫刀翅蜂鸟 sabre-wing:刀翅蜂鸟columnea:金鱼花;鲸鱼花;可伦花;串金鱼mountain gem hummer:宝石蜂鸟Indian langur monkey:长尾叶猴 flame of the forest:凤凰木ant:蚂蚁mulga tree:金合欢树mangabey:白眉猴chimp:黑猩猩agouti :驼鼠。

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生物名词中英文对照ep01:crab:螃蟹land crab:地蟹urchin:海胆jelly:水母;海蜇fish:鱼giant clam:砗磲herring:鲱鱼bird:鸟gull:海鸥;鸥turnstone:翻石鹬sandpiper:矶鹬wader:涉禽mantis:螳螂frog:青蛙;蛙tadpole:蝌蚪tree frog:树蛙rain frog:雨蛙owl butterfly:猫头鹰蝶insect:昆虫wasp:蜂;胡蜂caterpillar:毛虫cabbage white:菜粉蝶mosquito:蚊Midas cichlid:双冠丽鱼sawfly:叶蜂assassin bug:猎蝽snow goose:雪雁Arctic fox:北极狐salt water crocodile:湾鳄crocodile:鳄鱼crested hawk:凤头鹃隼peripatus:栉蚕worm:虫;蠕虫;蚯蚓centipede:蜈蚣tsetse fly:舌蝇;采采蝇gnat:蚋mushroom:蘑菇sea louse:鱼虱pipefish:海龙stickleback:刺鱼sea lion:海狮antelope:羚羊;牛羚;角马chinchilla:毛丝鼠;粟鼠;绒鼠hyena:鬣狗;土狼bat:蝙蝠mammal:哺乳动物Christmas Island crab:圣诞地蟹ant:蚂蚁ep02:elephant seal:象海豹tern:燕鸥fish:鱼gull:海鸥;鸥lacebug:网蝽lacewing:草蛉;草蜻蛉jumping spider:跳蛛snow goose:雪雁duck:鸭goose:雁ground-living bird:走禽Arctic fox:北极狐mammal:哺乳动物opossum:负鼠bee:蜜蜂kangaroo:袋鼠wallaby:沙袋鼠;小袋鼠antelope:羚羊;牛羚;角马saiga:高鼻羚羊;赛加羚羊steppe eagle:草原雕;大花雕;角雕scorpion:蝎子shrew:鼩鼱insect:昆虫eider duck:绒鸭mara:兔豚鼠;马拉豚鼠;长耳豚鼠guinea pig:豚鼠bat:蝙蝠free-tailed bat:犬吻蝠pine:松树Florida scrub jay:佛罗里达灌丛鸦indigo snake:森王蛇;靛青蛇wren:鹪鹩woodpecker:啄木鸟moorhen:黑水鸡elephant:象chimpanzee:黑猩猩albatross:信天翁tiger shark:虎鲨ep03:spectacled bear:眼镜熊woolly spider monkey:绒毛蛛猴small red panda:小熊猫bamboo:竹golden bamboo lemur:金竹狐猴;金竹驯狐猴insect:昆虫caterpillar:毛虫plague beetle:天牛beetle:甲虫milkweed:马利筋marmoset:狨猴poppy:罂粟bumblebee:熊蜂bee:蜜蜂combretum:风车子monkey:猴squirrel monkey:松鼠猴tamarin:小绢猴capuchin:卷尾猴;僧帽猴bird:鸟lizard:蜥蜴heliconia:蝎尾蕉;赫蕉;海里康hummingbird:蜂鸟violet sabre-wing:紫刀翅蜂鸟sabre-wing:刀翅蜂鸟columnea:金鱼花;鲸鱼花;可伦花;串金鱼mountain gem hummer:宝石蜂鸟Indian langur monkey:长尾叶猴flame of the forest:凤凰木ant:蚂蚁mulga tree:金合欢树mangabey:白眉猴chimp:黑猩猩agouti:驼鼠oak:橡树lemur:狐猴aye-aye:指猴spiny pocket mouse:异鼠;刺囊鼠macaw:金刚鹦鹉parrot:鹦鹉eagle:雕;鹰knot:漂鹬;红腹滨鹬dunlin:滨鹬;黑腹滨鹬mollusc:软体动物redshank:红脚鹬shrimp:虾crustacean:甲壳动物stork:鹳heron:苍鹭;鹭egret:鹭;白鹭openbill:钳嘴鹳spoonbill:琵鹭fish:鱼barracuda:梭鱼pelican:鹈鹕gull:海鸥;鸥long-eared tenrec:穴居稻田猬termite:白蚁gecko:壁虎orb spider:圆蛛;金蛛nephila:络新妇fly:苍蝇;蝇;蚊;虻argyrodes:寄居姬蛛tropic bird:鹲;热带鸟frigate:军舰鸟ep04:great skua:大贼鸥skua:贼鸥seabird:海鸟kittiwake:三趾鸥puffin:角嘴海雀;海鹦greater black-backed gull:大黑背鸥lesser black-back:小黑背鸥;灰林银鸥seal:海豹sea lion:海狮South American sea lion:南美海狮whale:鲸dolphin:海豚killer whale:虎鲸;逆戟鲸;杀手鲸fishing cat:渔猫domestic cat:家猫mouse:鼠rabbit:野兔;兔frog:青蛙;蛙bird:鸟fish:鱼Slug:蛞蝓thirst snake:食螺蛇American opossum:北美负鼠dingo:澳洲野犬frilled lizard:伞蜥viper:蝰蛇tomato frog:安东暴蛙spotted skunk:斑臭鼬striped skunk:条纹臭鼬;加拿大臭鼬salamander:蝾螈bug:蝽;昆虫wasp:蜂;胡蜂snake:蛇caterpilla:毛虫ant:蚂蚁plant hopper:蜡蝉spider:蜘蛛fruit fly:果蝇insect:昆虫moss:苔藓bush cricket:丛蟋thorn bug:角蝉orchid:兰mantis:螳螂butterfly:蝴蝶termite:白蚁assassin bug:猎蝽death adder:棘蛇skink:石龙子worm:虫;蠕虫;蚯蚓blue tit:青山雀;蓝山雀hawk moth:天蛾bromeliad:凤梨army ant:行军蚁;军蚁scorpion:蝎子millipede:马陆hawk:鹰eagle:雕;鹰Harris's hawk:栗翅鹰saguaro cactus:弁庆柱;萨瓜罗掌prickly pear:仙人掌pack rat:林鼠cottontail rabbit:林兔;棉尾兔chimpanzee:黑猩猩monkey:猴Diana monkey:黛安娜长尾猴spot-nosed monkey:白鼻长尾猴red colobus:红疣猴ep05:baboon:狒狒bird:鸟spotted hyena:斑鬣狗hyena:鬣狗;土狼bushbaby:婴猴galago:婴猴tent caterpillar:天幕毛虫swiftlet:金丝燕mammal:哺乳动物bat:蝙蝠insect:昆虫river dolphin:江豚fish:鱼catfish:鲶鱼rufous elephant shrew:赤象鼩elephant shrew:象鼩black-shouldered kite:黑肩鸢oak:橡树jay:松鸦ant:蚂蚁cataglyphis:箭蚁death's-head hawk moth:鬼面天蛾;骷髅天蛾honey bee:蜜蜂potato:马铃薯spiny lobster:真龙虾lobster:龙虾triggerfish:鳞鲀green turtle:绿海龟turtle:海龟Arctic tern:北极燕鸥tern:燕鸥rufous hummingbird:棕煌蜂鸟hummingbird:蜂鸟royal albatross:皇家信天翁albatross:信天翁elver:鳗苗eel:鳗ep06:bear:熊wolf:狼bat:蝙蝠mollusc:软体动物hermit crab:寄居蟹rosy bee-eater:粉红蜂虎bee-eater:蜂虎prairie dog:草原犬鼠ferret:鼬spide:蜘蛛insect:昆虫web-spinner:足丝蚁caterpillar:毛虫moth:蛾tent caterpillar:天幕毛虫hermit hummingbird:隐蜂鸟hummingbird:蜂鸟Indian tailorbird:长尾缝叶莺tent-making bat:尾皮蝠weaver bird:织雀;织布鸟shag:鸬鹚bird:鸟tern:燕鸥rabbit:野兔;兔beaver:海狸wasp:蜂;胡蜂European wasp:德国黄胡蜂Malaysian hover wasp:洁平狭腹胡蜂ant:蚂蚁giant hornet:虎头蜂;胡蜂bee:蜜蜂tropical stingless bee:麦蜂potter wasp:蜾蠃cliff swallow:美洲燕;崖燕termite:白蚁fungus:真菌ep07:sambar deer:水鹿egret:鹭;白鹭langur monkey:叶猴spotted deer:花鹿;斑鹿deer:鹿monkey:猴goby:虾虎shrimp:虾fish:鱼alga:藻类;海藻anemone:海葵hermit crab:寄居蟹ragworm:沙蚕octopus:章鱼ant:蚂蚁caterpillar:毛虫tree ant:织叶蚁grasshopper:螽斯;蝗虫;蚱蜢dairy cow:奶牛butterfly:蝴蝶insect:昆虫flea:跳蚤;蚤bird:鸟starling:椋鸟louse:虱子bumble bee:熊蜂mite:螨spider:蜘蛛feather louse:羽虱bee mite:蜂螨milkweed:马利筋moth:蛾bat:蝙蝠mouse:鼠beetle:甲虫tick:蜱;扁虱finch:雀;地雀giant tortoise:象龟fish:鱼manta ray:蝠鲼sea louse:鱼虱barnacle:藤壶grouper:石斑鱼wrasse:濑鱼;裂唇鱼cleaner fish:濑鱼coral:珊瑚moray eel:海鳝;鯙suckerfish:鮣鱼remora:鮣鱼giraffe:长颈鹿oxpecker:牛椋鸟worm:虫;蠕虫;蚯蚓tapeworm:绦虫roundworm:线虫;蛔虫backboned animal:脊椎动物amphibian:两栖动物reptile:爬行动物mammal:哺乳动物threadworm:丝虫;蛲虫mosquito:蚊protozoan:原生动物snail:蜗牛;螺fluke:吸虫flycatcher:鹟flatworm:扁形动物;扁虫microscopic organism:微生物buffalo:非洲水牛;非洲野牛leech:水蛭;蚂蟥ep08:anemone:海葵strawberry frog:火红箭毒蛙hummingbird:蜂鸟egret:鹭;白鹭bird:鸟rove beetle:隐翅虫fly:苍蝇;蝇;蚊;虻monkey:猴insect:昆虫damselfly:豆娘;蟌Midas cichlid:双冠丽鱼frog:青蛙;蛙pistol shrimp:鼓虾fish:鱼crustacean:甲壳动物mantis shrimp:虾蛄wasp:蜂;胡蜂caterpillar:毛虫rattlesnake:响尾蛇wolf:狼deer:鹿dog:狗cat:猫zebra:斑马giraffe:长颈鹿lion:狮gorilla:大猩猩bamboo:竹langur:叶猴hippo:河马Malaysian fly:突眼蝇;炳眼蝇field cricket:蟋蟀mud crab:青蟹elephant:象stag beetle:锹甲;锹形虫Hercules beetle:巨犀金龟;长戟大兜虫beetle:甲虫antlered fly:鹿角蝇ibex:羱羊Alaskan moose:阿拉斯加驼鹿moose:驼鹿gazelle:瞪羚Grant's gazelle:葛氏瞪羚ep09:eagle:雕;鹰rabbit:野兔;兔bird:鸟golden eagle:金雕;红头雕hooper swan:大天鹅;鹄swan:天鹅chicken:鸡cacique:酋长鹂toucan:鵎鵼;巨嘴鸟capuchin:卷尾猴;僧帽猴lion:狮buffalo:非洲水牛;非洲野牛baboon:狒狒vampire bat:吸血蝠bat:蝙蝠donkey:驴dwarf mongoose:侏獴insect:昆虫beetle:甲虫martial eagle:猛雕mammal:哺乳动物naked mole rat:裸滨鼠;裸鼢鼠snake:蛇leaf-cutting ant:切叶蚁ant:蚂蚁fungus:真菌bacteria:细菌mouse:鼠wasp:蜂;胡蜂bee:蜜蜂monkey:猴rodent:啮齿动物ep10:bird:鸟honeyguide:响蜜鴷bee:蜜蜂African bee:非洲蜜蜂wild dog:野犬;野狗gazelle:瞪羚cheetah:猎豹ringed plover:剑鸻skylark:云雀merlin:灰背隼mole rat:鼹形鼠naked mole rat:裸滨鼠;裸鼢鼠lacewing:草蛉;草蜻蛉water strider:水黾lily:莲;百合palm cockatoo:棕树凤头鹦鹉bellbird:钟雀screaming piha:尖声皮哈鸟;尖声伞鸟piha:皮哈鸟African ground hornbil:非洲地犀鸟indri:大狐猴gibbon:长臂猿siamang:合趾猿mangabey:白眉猴monkey:猴vervet monkey:绿猴;草原猴snake:蛇eagle:雕;鹰superb starling:栗头丽椋鸟starling:椋鸟frog:青蛙;蛙firefly:萤火虫beetle:甲虫fireworm:火刺虫worm:虫;蠕虫;蚯蚓floating organism:浮游生物comb jelly:栉水母fish:鱼jellyfish:水母Solmissus:嗜阳水母Kiyohimea:裙水母squid:枪乌贼;鱿鱼toadfish:蟾鱼sea lion:海狮tusked whale:一角鲸;独角鲸narwhal:一角鲸;独角鲸reef squid:拟乌贼dolphin:海豚spotted dolphin:细吻海豚;原海豚whale:鲸ep11:Indian florican:凤头鸨nightingale:歌鸲;夜莺whale:鲸dwarf Siberian hamster:毛足鼠;侏儒仓鼠insect:昆虫fish:鱼butterfly fish:蝶鱼angel fish:棘蝶鱼;刺蝶鱼;神仙鱼;天使鱼blue-footed booby:蓝脚鲣鸟bird:鸟wood duck:林鸳鸯;美国木鸭merganser:秋沙鸭smew:斑头秋沙鸭goldeneye:鹊鸭duck:鸭mallard:绿头鸭damselfly:豆娘;蟌helicopter damselfly:大痣蟌hanging fly:蚊蝎蛉fly:苍蝇;蝇;蚊;虻beetle:甲虫tropic bird:鹲;热带鸟marsh harrier:沼泽鹞;泽鵟termite:白蚁red-backed salamander:红背无肺螈salamander:蝾螈ant:蚂蚁moose:驼鹿bat:蝙蝠sac-winged bat:囊翼蝠silk cotton tree:木棉epauletted bat:肩毛果蝠;颈囊果蝠lyrebird:琴鸟kookaburra:笑翠鸟tragopan:角雉Palawan peacock pheasant:巴拉望孔雀稚standard-winged bird of paradise:幡羽极乐鸟riflebird:掩鼻风鸟;裙风鸟peacock:孔雀bowerbird:园丁鸟satin bowerbird:缎蓝园丁鸟;缎蓝亭鸟parrot:鹦鹉golden bowerbird:金亭鸟fungus:真菌black grouse:黑琴鸡manakin:娇鹟;侏儒鸟club-winged manakin:梅花翅娇鹟;梅花翅侏儒鸟blue-crowned manakin:蓝冠娇鹟;蓝冠侏儒鸟golden-headed manakin:金头娇鹟;金头侏儒鸟wire-tailed manakin:线尾娇鹟;线尾侏儒鸟long-tailed manakin:长尾娇鹟;长尾侏儒鸟antelope:羚羊;牛羚;角马topi:转角牛羚mammal:哺乳动物hyena:鬣狗;土狼ep12:worm:虫;蠕虫;蚯蚓palolo:矶沙蚕barnacle:藤壶fish:鱼blue-headed wrasse:双带锦鱼;双带叶鲷octopus:章鱼dumpling squid:四盘耳乌贼tortoise:龟ploughshare tortoise:犁头龟;安哥洛卡象龟;马达加斯加角龟elephant:象chinchilla:毛丝鼠;粟鼠;绒鼠spider:蜘蛛tarantula:捕鸟蛛;狼蛛nephila:络新妇fly:苍蝇;蝇;蚊;虻cockroach:蟑螂;蜚蠊mountain dusky salamander:脊口螈salamander:蝾螈amphibian:两栖动物crab:螃蟹butterfly:蝴蝶Heliconius:纯蛱蝶;毒蝶wolf:狼bluegill sunfish:大鳍鳞鳃太阳鱼;蓝鳃太阳鱼;蓝鳃鱼lily-trotter:水雉;稚鸻jacana:水雉;稚鸻sea louse:鱼虱greater spear-nosed bat:叶口蝠;矛吻蝠sea lion:海狮bird:鸟royal albatross:皇家信天翁albatross:信天翁。

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