美国作家霍桑Hawthorne
霍桑的英文简介
霍桑的英文简介霍桑的英文简介Nathaniel Hawthorne From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to:navigation, search Nathaniel Hawthorne Nathaniel Hawthorne in the 1860sBornJuly 4, 1804(1804-07-04) Salem, Massachusetts, United StatesDiedMay 19,1864 (aged 59) Plymouth霍桑简介, New Hampshire, United StatesOccupationNovelist, Short story writer, Custom House worker, United States ConsulLiterary movementDark Romantici *** Nathaniel Hawthorne (born Nathaniel Hathorne; July 4, 1804 – May 19, 1864) was an American novelist and short story writer。
Nathaniel Hathorne was born in 1804 in the city of Salem, Massachusetts to Nathaniel Hathorne and Elizabeth Clarke Manning Hathorne。
He later changed his name to "Hawthorne", adding a "w" to dissociate from relatives including John Hathorne, a judge during the Salem Witch Trials。
美国文学 霍桑介绍Nathaniel Hawthorne
Major works
• 1837-1842: Twice-Told Tales 《故事重述》 • 1846: Mosses from an Old Manse 《古宅青苔》 • 1850: The Scarlet Letter《红字》 • 1851: The House of the Seven Gables 《带七个尖角阁的房子》 • 1852: The Blithedale Romance《福谷传奇》
Early life influences on Hawthorne
• Salem - early childhood, later work at the Custom House. • Puritan family background - one of his forefathers was Judge Hathorne, who presided over the Salem witchcraft trials, 1692. • Belief in the existence of the devil. • Belief in determinism宿命论.
5. Allegory(寓言)
◇ Hawthorne often achieved allegory by placing characters in a situation outside of the ordinary. eg. Young Goodman Brown《小伙子布朗》
美国文学 霍桑 NEW 12 Hawthorne
Style
Romance fiction Long visual descriptions Formal dialogues (human emotion) Character’s inner struggle Symbolism and allegory Flowing and almost feminine Ambiguity
Sophia Peabody
“I am always so dazzled and bewildered with the richness, the depth, the… jewels of beauty in his productions that I am always looking forward to a second reading where I can ponder and muse and fully take in the miraculous wealth of thoughts”
“the genial atmosphere which a literary man requires in order to ripen the best harvest of his mind”
Interest in history and antiquity
“to recall what was valuable in the past” “connect a bygone time with the very Present” “a new territory, somewhere between the real world and fairy-land where the Actual and the Imaginary may meet, and each imbue itself with the nature of the other”
霍桑Nathaniel Hawthorne
作品特点：
描写社会和人性的阴暗面是霍桑作品的突出特点， 这与加尔文教关于人的“原罪”和“内在堕落”的 理论的影响是分不开的。 霍桑是心理小说的开创者，擅长剖析人的“内心”。 他着重探讨道德和罪恶的问题，主张通过善行和自 忏来洗刷罪恶、净化心灵，从而得到拯救。 然而霍桑并非全写黑暗，他在揭露社会罪恶和人的 劣根性的同时，对许多善良的主人公寄予极大的同 情。
Roger Chillingworth
Chillingworth’s Revenge
He is a scholar and uses his knowledge to disguise（伪装） himself as a doctor, intent on discovering and tormenting Hester's anonymous lover.
Little Pearl, who's born with a false charge, grows up innocent and lively with no restraint. She is destined to live a happy life .
一个出生就被冠以无须有罪名的小珍珠，她天真活泼不畏
The Scarlet Letter
——character analysis
L
I
D
LOADING LOADING
Hester
A
Dimmesdale
G
Chillingworth
Peal
Hester Prynne
Hester Prynne
Crime(犯罪 →Atonement(赎罪 →Renascence(重生) ↓ ↓ Rebel or Compromise About women’s right and freedom
纳撒尼尔·霍桑（NathanielHawthorne）的《通天铁路》
纳撒尼尔•霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne）的《通天铁路》这篇附加的小故事是纳撒尼尔•霍桑于1852年在一本名为《雪景和其他故事新编》中发表的。
霍桑，19世纪最伟大的美国作家，以一部经典的英语散文集约翰.班扬John Bunyan 的《天路历程》The Pilgrim’s Progress中的一篇的形式写了《通天铁路》。
约翰.班扬（1628－1688）是一名英国清教徒传教士和作家。
他写了《天路历程》中大部分的文章，但因为在清教徒革命和奥利弗.克伦威尔（Oliver Cromwell）统治结束后随之而来的斯图亚特王朝的复辟时期拒绝使自己顺应官方的英国国教而被投入监狱。
《天路历程》是一部精心制作的宗教寓言。
在寓言中，主角，基督徒，抛弃了他在毁灭之城的生活开始了一段漫长、艰辛的旅途，决心到达天国之城。
他徒步旅行，肩上背负着重担（象征着原罪）。
他穿越了失望沼泽，经由柴门逃离了毁灭之城，经受了许多偏离通往天国之城的正确路线、动摇他信念的诱惑。
陪伴着基督徒的旅途，一位老于世故的先生试图劝阻他，而且由于福音传道者和广心先生的严厉干预，他数次获得了拯救。
他们指引迷茫的基督徒回到通往天国城的道路。
他克服了山峰高耸的困难挑战，用手中的剑打败了残暴的亚玻伦（Apollyon）（精神怀疑的恶魔），穿越了死亡阴影的峡谷，然后在空虚之城停留了一段时间。
在那里基督徒参观了集市和空虚集市的商业中心（以17世纪英格兰的大型夏季商业集市为模型），而那里也有一个同伴。
信徒，见证了一个殉教者的结局。
最终，基督徒成功地避开了托非特（地狱）之火，到达了以色列的土地。
在他渡过死亡河，然后进入天国城之前，这是一个令人愉快的休憩之地。
霍桑的叙事形式代表了一种更新的19世纪中期受班扬影响的美国视角和流行故事。
通天铁路The Celestial Railroad不久前，穿过梦幻的大门，我访问了世界驰名的“灭亡城”所在地，得知最近，一些热心公益的居民出力，在这座人口稠密兴旺发达的城市与“天城”之间，修筑了一条铁路，遂兴致大发。
纳撒尼尔霍桑文学家探索人性的边界
纳撒尼尔霍桑文学家探索人性的边界纳撒尼尔·霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne）是19世纪美国文学史上一位重要的作家，他以深入探索人性的边界而闻名。
他的作品中融入了浓厚的哲学和道德思考，独特的叙述风格以及幽默和讽刺等元素，给读者带来了独特的阅读体验。
本文将重点介绍霍桑的文学创作特点以及他对人性边界的探索。
首先，霍桑的作品通过细腻的描写，深入探索了人性中的黑暗面和罪恶感。
他多次展现了人们内心的痛苦和挣扎，如《红字》中主人公海瑟·普林斯（Hester Prynne）的婚外情和被迫承受的社会谴责。
通过描写人性的复杂性和罪恶感的存在，霍桑引发了读者对人性的思考。
其次，霍桑对人性的探索还体现在对道德与社会规范的独立思考上。
他揭示了社会规范对个体自由的束缚和限制，如《人群中的浪子》中的主人公罗宾逊·克鲁索（Robinson Crusoe）通过生活在荒岛上重新思考了社会规范的意义。
霍桑通过这种对社会规范的思考，呼吁读者对自己内心真实需要的思考与发现。
此外，霍桑的作品中还体现了对人性欲望的探讨。
他通过对人性欲望的揭示，展现了人性的复杂性和欲望的力量，如《白纸扇》中主人公何福罗（Wakefield）离开家庭，隐藏在社会的边缘，并观察着他所离开的生活。
通过对人性欲望的揭露，霍桑引导读者思考欲望对于人性的影响与局限。
最后，霍桑通过对人性的边界的探索，让读者思考人性的复杂性和不确定性。
他通过深入刻画人物内心活动和情感状况，以及他们在复杂环境中表现出的行为，展示了人性的多面性。
他的作品中没有明确的英雄或恶棍，而是通过塑造错综复杂的人物角色，让读者对人性产生深思。
总之，纳撒尼尔·霍桑是一位以文学探索人性边界著名的作家。
他的作品通过揭示人性中的黑暗面、对道德与社会规范的独立思考、对人性欲望的探讨以及展示人性的复杂性和不确定性等方面，引导读者深入思考人性的本质。
通过他的作品，我们可以更好地理解和审视人类的内心世界，并对人性的边界有更深入的认识。
Hawthorne霍桑
Hawthorne 霍桑Hawthorne was born on the fourth of July, 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts.霍桑1804年7月4日出生于马萨诸塞州塞勒姆镇。
Some of his ancestors were men of prominence in the Puritan theocracy of seventeenth-century New England.他的先辈在17世纪新英格兰清教徒神权政治时期很有名。
One of them was colonial magistrate, notorious for his part in the persecution of the Quakers, and another was a judge at the Salem Witchcraft Trail in 1692.先辈中有一个是殖民地的地方执法官，曾因迫害贵格会教徒而声名狼藉；另一个是1692年塞勒姆驱巫案的法官。
Gradually the family fortune declined.渐渐地，他的家族开始衰落了。
His father, a sea captain, died in Dutch Guiana, leaving the widow and the child behind to shift for themselves.他的父亲，是船长，死于荷兰的圭亚那，留下了孀居的妻子和年幼的孩子只能自食其力。
In 1821 Hawthorne went to Bowdoin College, where he had Henry wadsworth Longfellow as a classmate.1821年，霍桑在缅因州的博多因学院学习，和亨利•沃兹沃斯•朗费罗是同学。
He also developed a friendship with Franklin Pierce, who was to become the fourteenth president of the United States.此外，他和日后成为美国第十四任总统的富兰克林•皮尔斯也成为了朋友。
红字美国作家纳撒尼尔霍桑的作品揭示社会对道德的束缚
红字美国作家纳撒尼尔霍桑的作品揭示社会对道德的束缚纳撒尼尔·霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne）是19世纪美国最重要的作家之一。
他的作品以其深刻揭示社会对道德的束缚而闻名。
通过对社会和人性的观察，霍桑用红字（Scarlet Letter）来象征着道德的束缚和社会规则的影响。
本文将探讨霍桑的作品以及他如何揭示社会对道德的束缚。
霍桑是一个独特的作家，他以圣经故事和宗教信仰为主题，通过深入分析人性的弱点和道德的限制，展示了人们内心的痛苦和社会道德规范的不公正。
他的作品《红字》正是其中的代表之一。
《红字》讲述了一个女人哈嘉·毕晓普（Hester Prynne）因出轨被判处戴上代表她罪恶的红字“A”，并受到社会的唾弃。
这个红字成为了对社会道德束缚的象征，哈嘉的身份也因此被限制和定义。
她被迫与罪恶相伴，承受着自责和社会压力。
通过这个故事，霍桑揭示了社会如何通过道德规范来束缚个体。
在哈嘉被判罪的过程中，可以看到社会对于道德的严苛要求和对罪恶的惩罚。
这种束缚不仅体现在个人的心理上，还反映在社会对哈嘉的监视和排斥上。
这种社会道德的影响让人们沉浸在自我审判和内疚之中，无法自由地追求自己的幸福。
除了展示道德束缚对个人的影响外，霍桑还通过哈嘉和她的爱人艾瑞（Arthur Dimmesdale）之间的关系，揭示了社会对于性与爱的约束。
艾瑞是哈嘉的情人，他隐藏了他们之间的关系，并在社会中维持着高尚的形象。
艾瑞内心的痛苦和对道德束缚的恐惧，使他在作品中成为一个充满矛盾的角色。
霍桑揭示了社会对性欲和爱情的约束，使得人们无法真实地表达自己的感情。
社会对道德的过度关注，使得个体的情感被压抑和扭曲。
这种道德束缚对个体的生活造成了巨大的影响，使得他们陷入痛苦和迷茫之中。
霍桑的作品通过红字的象征意义，揭示了社会对道德的束缚。
他通过对人性和社会现实的刻画，表达了对过度道德束缚的担忧和批判。
他的作品以其深刻的洞察力和对人性的真实描绘，成为了对当时社会道德观念的有力批判。
霍桑
霍桑百科名片纳撒尼尔·霍桑是美国19世纪影响最大的浪漫主义小说家、美国文学史上第一个写作短篇小说的作家，也是美国文学浪漫主义文学中的心理分析小说的开创者。
爱伦·坡称他的小说“属于艺术的最高层次，一种服从于非常崇高级别的天才的艺术。
”另外霍桑是中国侦探小说家程小青笔下的一个侦探。
中文名： 纳撒尼尔·霍桑 外文名： Nathaniel·Hawthorne国籍： 美国出生日期： 1804年7月4日逝世日期： 1864年5月19日职业： 学者、小说家主要成就： 浪漫主义作家 代表作品： 长篇小说《红字》;《带有七个尖角楼的房子》目录[隐藏] 人物简介 人物生平 职业生涯 成就及荣誉 经典语录 主要作品相关影视 小说人物 人物简介 人物生平职业生涯成就及荣誉 经典语录主要作品相关影视 小说人物地名[编辑本段]人物简介纳撒尼尔·霍桑生平简介介绍：纳撒尼尔·霍桑，（Nathaniel Hawthorne 1804～1864）美国小说家，是美国19世纪影响最大的浪漫主义小说家和心理小说家。
1804年7月4日出生于马萨诸塞州塞勒姆镇一个没落的世家。
他的祖辈之中有人曾参与清教徒迫害异端的事件，为著名的1692年“塞勒姆驱巫案”的3 名法官之一。
这段历史对霍桑的思想产生了深刻的影响。
霍桑的父亲是一名船长,在他4岁时去世。
1821年霍桑在亲戚资助下进入博多因学院，同学中有诗人朗费罗与后来当选为总统的皮尔斯等。
1825年大学毕业，回到塞勒姆镇，从事写作。
他曾匿名发表长篇小说《范肖》(1828)和几十个短篇作品，陆续出版短篇小说集《古宅青苔》(1843)、《雪影》(1851)等，逐渐得到重视和好评。
1836年和1846年霍桑曾两度在海关任职，1841年曾参加超验主义者创办的布鲁克农场。
他于1842年结婚，在康科德村居住，结识了作家爱默生、梭罗等人。
18 48年由于政见与当局不同,失去海关的职务,便致力于创作活动，写出了他最重要的长篇小说《红字》(1850)。
从《胎记》看霍桑的人性观
从《胎记》看霍桑的人性观1. 引言1.1 背景介绍《胎记》是美国作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne）所著的一篇短篇小说，被认为是霍桑最具代表性的作品之一。
小说讲述了一个男人与他贫困但心地善良的妻子之间的故事，男人因为妻子脸上的一处胎记而感到不满，并试图用一种神秘的方法将其消灭。
这部作品展现了霍桑对人性的深刻思考，揭示了人性的复杂性和脆弱性。
胎记在文学史上具有重要地位，它不仅是一部优秀的文学作品，更是对人性的深刻解读。
通过胎记中的人物形象和情节安排，霍桑展现了他对人性的独特见解，引发了人们对自身内心深处的反思。
胎记所蕴含的道德警示和思想启示也使其成为一部永不过时的经典之作。
在接下来的正文中，我们将对《胎记》中的人性描写、人性的多样性、人性的脆弱性、人性的复杂性以及胎记中的道德观进行深入分析，以揭示霍桑人性观的独特特点，探讨《胎记》对人性的启示，以及这部作品在当今社会中的现实意义。
通过对霍桑的作品进行深入探讨，我们或许能更好地理解人性的奥秘，以及如何在现实生活中应对各种复杂的人性问题。
1.2 作者简介霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne）是19世纪美国著名作家，被认为是美国文学的奠基人之一。
他生于1804年，逝世于1864年，其一生大部分时间都在马萨诸塞州度过。
霍桑是一位深受浪漫主义和象征主义影响的作家，他的作品充满了对人性、罪恶和道德的探讨。
霍桑的作品常常揭示人性的复杂性和多样性。
他深刻地描绘了人类内心深处的黑暗和矛盾，对人性进行了深刻而丰富的揭示。
在他的作品中，人性往往被描绘成脆弱而复杂的存在，充满着各种矛盾和挣扎。
霍桑的作品《胎记》也是对人性的一次深刻探讨。
通过主人公乔治和艾琳娜的故事，霍桑揭示了人性的多样性和复杂性。
他通过描写人物的内心世界和行为举止，深刻地展示了人性的脆弱性和不完美性。
他还通过故事中的道德观念，探讨了人性与道德之间的关系，引发了人们对人性和道德的深刻思考。
霍桑英文简介
霍桑英文简介纳撒尼尔霍桑简介Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864), the pioneer of American psychoanalytic novels, is also the firstwriter in the history of American literature to write short stories, known as the 19th century American greatest romantic novelist.Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts, childhood father died, with widowed mother lived inthe town of Salems grandfather, his childhood self-esteem, suspicious, childhood misfortune and life atmosphere to make him a heart Kind of painful loneliness, he was not interested in social reform,the rapid development of capitalist economy can not understand. The grandfather believed in Christian Puritanism and Hawthorne was influenced by Puritanism.In 1825, Hawthorne graduated from the Universityof Borden University, returned to Salem, created and published dozens of stories and short stories. In 1839,Hawthorne worked at the Boston Customs for more than two years, then entered the Brook Farm, touching transcendentalism, and met the representative of transcendentalism thought Emerson and Thoreau and others.Since then, Hawthorne went to Salem Customs office, Salem customs life for his creation of Scarlet Letter has a direct impact, The Scarlet Letter published his solid position in the American literary world, butalso to the future with a huge influences.Hawthorne was evaluated as a bystander of life,and this attitude of life determines his interest and insight in his inner and psychological activities. He was deeply influenced by the original sin thought, and the original sin was passed on from generation to generation, and the people were guided by good deedsto purify the evil and purify the mind.His masterpieces include the novel The Scarlet Letter, Hexagon Building, short story collectionrepeat the story again, ancient moss, snow shadow and so on. The Scarlet Letter has become the worldsliterary classics, Henry James, Ellen Poe, Herman Melville and other literary masters are deeply affected.纳撒尼尔霍桑人物经历HeresyThe direct influence on Hawthornes creativethinking is his understanding of family history and religion. Hawthornes ancestors from the England region of the family, generations are devout Calvin believers. The two generations of ancestors were the dignitaries of the Massachusetts political and religious unity. One is the first speaker of the Massachusetts Colonial Parliament, named William Hassan, notorious for participating in the persecution of the Whigs. The other is his uncle, named John Hassan, served as alocal judge. In 1692, in the town of Salem, Massachusetts took place in the history of the famous deceit. At that time the town of Salem popular with a similar epilepsy infectious diseases, it was falsely accused of this Department of witch trouble. In some Western countries there is a traditional idea that thewitch is the companion of the devil Satan, who have received a supernatural power from Satan, who specializes in the spread of diseases and the killing of babies and so on. The town of Salem is the place where the Calvinist forces are strong, and the Calvin sects have struggled with the Whigs to compete for religious power in order to eliminate the heresy. The case involved a wide range, more than 200 people were arrested, 150 people were imprisoned, more than 10 people were hanged, in fact, this is a religious persecution, many of the victims were innocent residents. Hawthornes uncle, John, acted as a judge in the event and was known for his religious fanaticalness and cruelty.Hawthornes understanding of the history of the whole family, especially his study of the ancestors of the 17th century from England to the North American colonial continent and later fortune research and research made him a more comprehensive understanding of the familys development history and Social status of the New England region in the 19th century. At thattime the society was at the beginning of the rapid development of the capitalist economy, and the social structure had undergone major changes and adjustments. In his view, the progress of technology and the use of the machine not only can not improve the moral character of society, but people into a deeper sin whirlpool, a evil wizard. For which he was in front of what happened to be more do not understand. He had come into contact with transcendentalism and had participated in the brooks of the transgressors, but he looked at the activities of Emerson and others with indifference, and even opposed it. Hawthorne was not interested in any social reform program, and even cautious about the major problems of American society at that time. His conservative attitude and the lack of understanding of society are reflected in his deep-rooted Puritan religious consciousness. The intense religious factional struggle in the society and the moral values involved in this struggle had had a significant impact on Hawthornes work. And in many of his works, Hawthorne directly or indirectly attackedthe Galvin religion against the religious fanaticism and the destruction of human religious precepts. Butin the depths of his thought still with a strong religious concept of good and evil to see the world,he can not understand, due to the development of capitalism caused by the new social contradictions united into an abstract evil.In his view, all social problems, thecontradictions between people, the phenomenon of crime and so on are not the root of social material life,but because of the worlds inherent evil caused. Thisis the influence of the idea of original sin and the inner fall in the doctrine of Calvinism on Hawthornes thought. According to Hawthornes point of view, if you want to solve all social problems need to start from the evil, must be from the internal mining. Therefore, in his view, all abstract, mysterious evil are theroot cause of social problems.Family influenceIn Hawthornes family, two ancestors are important administrative officials in the Massachusetts colonies.Nathaniel Hawthornes first generation of ancestors William Hawthorne came from England in 1963 to Massachusetts, in this early colony, William Hawthorne is a prominent figure.Hawthorne disagreed with the behavior of his ancestors, the atrocities committed by his ancestors, was so ashamed of Hawthornes understanding of religion than the average person, and he hated his ancestral practice. The second generation of ancestors John Hawthorne was involved in the trial of the 1692 statement of the messy Salem deceit, which is one of the three judges, Hawthorne that the behavior of ancestors is a sin, a shame , This event to the young Hawthorne left a deep scars, Hawthorne on his ancestral behavior felt deep self-blame, this remorse so that he in his last name Hawthorne added a w To become FHawthorne to show that he is different from the sinful ancestors.Humanistic influence1825 - 1837, spent 12 years in his hometown had a significant impact on Hawthorne becoming a writer. Inhis hometown, Hawthorne was keen to explore thehistory of his hometown. He had read every book in the local library, and he was familiar with the ancient history of the town of Salem, especially the witchcraft. He studied the historical literature about England and engaged in novel creation. Most of his works are based on the brutal religious domination of the colonial period as the background, describing the peoples spiritual world, ideological contradictions and religious oppression under the tragic experience.Hawthorne saw the religious fanaticism and religious doctrine to bring the impact of people, he saw the religious destruction of human nature. In this area of Massachusetts, religion is very closely linked to peoples lives, and religion permeates all aspects of life, and religion is even equivalent to law, with supreme authority and effect, but on the other hand, the harsh rule of Puritanism and fanatical Religious worship is to some extent a cruel trampling of human dignity.Salem is a place where the Calvin Puritan atmosphere is very strong, because here is relatively backward, science is not developed, so the local peoples ignorance, this place has a lot of magical folklore and fairy tales, while people advocate Hypnosis, witchcraft activities spread here, the introduction of Calvin Puritanism in North America had a great impact on Hawthorne, it greatly affected the way Hawthorne recognized the world.Hawthornes era of life Although the Puritan thought is no longer the leading force of New England, but Puritanism on the American life and ideological influence is far-reaching, Hawthornes character and Puritanism thought milk blend, puritanism thought His way of thinking and the attitude of the problem, inevitably make Hawthorne from the perspective of Puritanism to observe people and the world, Hawthorne has a deep thinking and understanding of Puritanism, he was some active in Puritan Of the factors are positive attitude, such as the early American Puritans who have the pioneering spirit, perseverance of thespirit, which is in the body of Hester Prynne is reflected. But on the other hand, the asceticism in Puritanism and the oppression of Puritanism against humanity are what the authors do not agree with and criticize. From the historical understanding of the United States, Hawthorne can profoundly grasp the Puritanisms history of the United States , But therule and norms of Yan Xun can in some way make people lose their original nature, and Hawthorne is well versed in the influence of Puritanism on people, and The Puritanism has a clear understanding and thinking, although the Puritan rule is no longer strict, but some eternal topics such as the relationship between man and God and the relationship between man and religion, human nature in the good and evil andpeoples morality Criteria are the subject of concern and concern.Hawthornes life is the American Renaissance, the19th century European romantic thoughts across the sea, came to North America this land, coupled with theNorth American colonial puritanism thought strong,romantic and local clear The combination ofdoctrinalism creates a transcendentalist philosophythat has had a significant impact on the later US. Transcendentalism is an important ideological movement in the United States. The period of Americanliterature in the transcendentalism is called the American Renaissance. Transcendentalism is an ideological and cultural liberation movement with religious colors. Literature and culture have had a significant impact, with profound philosophicalthinking as the background, emphasizing the supreme spirit of the spirit and the absolute perception ofthe traditional religion to refute, the representative of Ralph Waldo Emerson (Ralph FWaldo FEmerson), Henry Davav Thoreau.Before and after 1841, the wave of transcendentalism swept through Boston and its neighboring areas, and Hawthorne was influenced by transcendentalism. Transcendentalism believed that there was an ideal transcendentalist entity in the universe, Experience, people can be intuition to grasp,people can understand the truth through intuition, within a certain range of people is God, they are a new round of religious reflection and criticism, they abandon the Calvin sect God as the center Point of view, against rationality, advocating intuition, to promote the humanistic spirit, advocate individual liberation, emphasizing the value of individuals, this trend on the society at that time had a great impact, especially for Europes dominant theological ideas, transcendentalism The liberation of American ideology and culture, but also affected the American literature, an indispensable part of American literature.Although Hawthorne is not transcendentalist fanatical followers, but his relationship with Emerson and Thoreau are very close, in their daily lives,their contacts are pleasant.Creation periodIn 1837, Hawthornes first short story collection repeat the story again to bring him some fame.After 1845, Hawthorne entered the creation of the mature period, in 1846 launched the second short storyancient house moss, but the book only to bring him a modest income. Hawthorne once again seek the help of political friends, get a government office, any Salem customs inspector, served for three years to give up the work. In 1848 the presidential general, different political parties came to power, then replaced a large number of government officials, Hawthorne is also one of them. He experienced a heart and body suffering,and finally calm down, began to create his most famous novel Scarlet Letter.In 1850, the Scarlet Letter made him famous. The Scarlet Letter is the first symbolist novel in the history of American literature. Since the novelfocuses on Hawthornes creative personality and experience, he was immediately criticized by thecritics as the greatest writer born in this century. Scarlet income so that he out of poverty, Hawthornebid farewell to his hometown, his family moved to Massachusetts, West Burke County Lennox. In the Lennox, Hawthornes creation began to peak, masterpiece gush.1851 completed the seven sharp angle of the house is the description of the family history of the decline of the novel. In 1851 also published a short story collection Snow Shadow.In 1852, for the classmate Franklin Pierce campaign president, launched biography: Franklin Pierce Biography, the works received by Pierce appreciation. Franklin Pierce was elected president, appointed Hawthorne as US Consul General in Liverpool, England.1853 published fairy tale chaotic grove story, the two fairy tale has become the classic American childrens literature.Hawthorne during his tenure (1853-1857), he fully understood the British customs, the road impression into the British notes (Hawthorne after the death of the notes published by his wife), and essays our home (Published in 1863). In 1858, he traveled to France and Italy, written as French and Italian notes, the novel jade statue (published in 1860). Jade statue toItaly as the background, is Hawthorne created the last complete novel.。
霍桑 红字作者及作品简介
of self-cause, or societal cause, or a combination of both.
Other themes include individual vs. society, self-
fulfillment vs. frustration, hypocrisy vs. integrity, love vs. hate, and fate vs. free will, etc.
Comments and Criticizes
Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote that "Nathaniel Hawthorne's reputation as a writer is a very pleasing fact, because his writing is not good for anything, and this is a tribute to the man” Henry James praised Hawthorne, saying, "The fine thing in Hawthorne is that he cared for the deeper psychology, and that, in his way, he tried to become familiar with it".
The symbol serves as a weapon to attack reality. It can be found everywhere in his writing
to keep the reader in the world of uncertainty – multiple point of view
霍桑_红字作者及作品简介
The symbol serves as a weapon to attack reality. It can be found everywhere in his writing
to keep the reader in the world of uncertainty – multiple point of view
纳撒尼尔〃霍桑(1804—1864）是美国19世纪影响最大的浪 漫主义小说家和心理小说家。霍桑对当时美国社会道德论 丧和资产阶级的伪善不满，但是他又不想从根本上改变不 合理的社会制度，只谋求社会道德的改进，宣扬上帝，主 张道德的自我完善。 霍桑由于社会、家庭及自身的因素，形成了既为清教主义等 旧观念所萦绕，又抱有人道主义等美好理想的复杂的世界 观。他一方面摆脱不掉“原罪”、“赎罪”、“内省”、 “命定”之类的宗教迷信，但又从家族的负罪感出发，反 过来对清教的专制统治痛心疾首；他一方面接受了超验主 义哲学观，相信客观的物质世界只是某种隐蔽的神秘力量 的象征，又对当时风靡的“招魂”之类的巫术活动和科学 技术的新发明同样感到不可思议；他一方面对新生的合众 国满怀希望，但对社会上形形色色的腐化堕落及不平不公 的原因又十分费解，便只好到人性的爱与恨、善与恶中去 寻找答案。
Comments and Criticizes
Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote that "Nathaniel Hawthorne's reputation as a writer is a very pleasing fact, because his writing is not good for anything, and this is a tribute to the man” Henry James praised Hawthorne, saying, "The fine thing in Hawthorne is that he cared for the deeper psychology, and that, in his way, he tried to become familiar with it".
纳撒尼尔霍桑
A man already in decay, having given my best
years to feed the hungry dream of knowledge. --- Nathaniel Hawthorne
1
8 9
Howe’s Masquerade
《豪的面具》 《海德格医生的实 《利己主义》or 《美的艺术家》 《雪影》
Dr. Hidegger’s Experiment 验》 10 The Bosom Serpent 《胸中的蛇》 11 The Artist of the Beautiful 12 The Snow Image
文字 —— 在字典里的时候如此无辜且无力，一旦到了 知道如何使用他的人手中就变得多么有力，无论行善 还是作恶。
works
(1850) 《红字》 The House of Seven Gables (1851)《有七 个尖角阁的房子》 The Blithedale Romance (1852) 《福谷 传奇》 The Marble Faun (1860)《玉石雕像》
The Scarlet Letter
The Scarlet Letter
The Scarlet Letter
《红字》
出生英国破落贵族家庭的海丝特.白兰,不幸嫁给了一个畸
形年老的学者齐灵渥斯，两人决定移居波士顿，途经荷兰 的阿姆斯特丹时，丈夫有事留下，白兰先行来到波士顿， 两年中，丈夫杳无音讯，据传被印第安人俘虏 ，生死不 明，在独居中，白兰与当地牧师丁梅斯代尔相爱，生下了 他们的孩子珠儿。白兰犯下了当时基督教十戒中的通奸罪， 为清教的教义所不容。被罚在刑台上示众三个小时并终生 佩戴红字（即A, 英语：Adultery，通奸）。 《红字》的四个主要人物：海丝特.白兰，丁梅斯代尔， 齐灵渥斯，珠儿，分别以赎罪，忏悔，复仇，朝气，围绕 红字，展开了探索灵魂的故事情节。
霍桑Nathaniel Hawthorne 个人简介
故事》 Wonder Book for Girls and Boys 1851 《奇异的
书》 Tanglewood Tales for Girls and Boys 1853《丛林
传说》
Collection of short stories
He was hired in 1839 as a weigher and gauger at the Boston Custom House.
He joined the transcendentalist utopian community at Brook Farm in 1841.
While on a tour of the White Mountains, Hawthorne died in his sleep on May 19, 1864, in Plymouth, New Hampshire.
NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE
(1804-1864)
纳撒尼尔·霍桑
Nathaniel Hawthorne
A 19th century American novelist and short story writer.
One of the founder of the American romantic novels and psychoanalytic novel.
Masterpiece The Scarlet Letter 1850 《红字》
Novel The House of the Seven Gables 1851
的房子》
《带有七个尖角阁
Hawthorne的个人简介
Literature Styles and Themes
Hawthorne's works belong to romanticism ,cautionary tales that suggest that guilt, sin, and evil are the most inherent natural qualities of humanity Many of his works are inspired by Puritan New England, combining historical romance loaded with symbolism and deep psychological themes, bordering on surrealism His later writings also reflect his negative view of the Transcendentalism movement Hawthorne defined a romance as being radically different from a novel by not being concerned with the possible or probable course of ordinary experience
Biograghical Introduction
Features of Works
Main Opus Personal Comments and Feelings
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱhapter 1 Biograghical Introduction
WHO HE IS WHAT HE DID
?
Who He Is
OpusesCharacteristics
Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔 霍桑
剧情
故事发生在两百多年 前的波士顿。 海丝特·白兰因犯了通 奸罪受到加尔文教派权力 机构的惩罚， 胸 前佩戴 着标志通奸的红色“A” 字站在古老的枷刑台上示 众。她的手中抱着这个罪 孽的证据：一个出生仅数 月的婴儿。在人们无情的 注视下，她拒绝了年轻牧 师阿瑟·丁梅斯代尔提出 的忏悔并供出同犯的要求。 受过惩罚后，海丝特在 城外 远离人群的一间小 茅屋里住了下来。她以作 针线活维生，并细心地照 料着她的女儿——珠儿。 这时，海斯特的丈夫来到 了美国。他满怀仇恨地改 名为罗杰·奇林沃思，以 医生的身份暗中察访与海 丝特通奸的同犯。
剧情
很快七年过去了。珠儿已 成长为一个美丽可爱的小 姑娘。而海丝特因为不断 热心接济和帮助别人，最 终赢得了人们的尊敬，使 胸前那本来代表耻辱的红 字变成了美好善良德行的 象征。 而经过多年的窥探， 罗杰也认定了“道德伟大” 的丁梅斯代尔牧师就是那 个隐藏的同犯。于是他千 方百计地接近牧师， 旁敲 侧击，冷嘲热讽，不停地 在精神上对牧师进行折磨。 海丝特为了使丁梅斯尔 逃离丈夫的阴影，决心带 着女 儿和他一起逃走，但 却被罗杰发现，计划失败 了。而对罗杰的恐惧和自 己隐瞒罪责的煎熬使丁梅 斯代尔的健康每况愈下。 终于在离开尘世前夕，在 全体教众的面前，他挽着 海丝特和他们的女儿珠儿 登上了枷刑台，用以生命 为代价的深切忏悔换取了 道德上的新生。
Themes of his writing
1、Explore the relationship between the past and the present. 2、Explore the hidden motivations of his characters. 3、 Examine the effect of hidden sin and secret guilt. 4、 Moral or immoral,right or wrong is the question Hawthorne always talks about in his works.
霍桑作品鉴赏读后感
霍桑作品鉴赏读后感霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne）是美国文学史上备受赞誉的作家之一，他以独特的写作风格和深刻的思想触动了许多读者的心灵。
在阅读了霍桑的作品之后，我深受震撼和思考。
本文将围绕着霍桑作品的主题、风格和情感表达进行鉴赏，并分享我的个人读后感受。
霍桑作品的主题多样而深刻，他的作品经常探讨人性的黑暗面以及罪恶的内在矛盾。
《红字》作为霍桑最重要的作品之一，给我留下了深刻的印象。
故事描述了一个与众不同的女子被迫佩戴一个鲜红的字母“A”，承受着社会的指责和压力。
通过这个形象的象征，霍桑揭示了人性中婚外情、罪恶和内疚的存在。
他通过角色的刻画和情节的发展，深入揭示了社会对个体的压迫，以及人性自身的复杂性。
这种主题的揭示使我对人性的探讨和内心世界的思考更加深入。
此外，霍桑的作品也充满了浓厚的哲学和道德思考。
在《无赖之徒的坟墓》中，他描绘了一个人频繁变化身份的男子，遭受着自我认同和道德纠葛的折磨。
这个故事引发了我对“自我”和“真实”的思考。
霍桑在作品中巧妙地运用反转和暗示，让读者反思自身认知和道德观念。
他的作品常常令我感到困惑和思考，思考人性的本质和真实的定义。
除了主题的深度，霍桑作品的文学风格也独具特色。
他善于运用象征手法，通过物象的转化来展示故事中深层的意义。
例如在《黑带》中，他将一条黑带作为主线，通过黑带的象征意义来传达出世俗压力和矛盾的观念。
这种象征主义的表达方式，使作品更加丰富和引人入胜。
此外，霍桑的作品也充满了细腻的情感表达。
他善于通过细腻的描写和情绪的把握来传达角色的情感和心理状态。
在《约翰•哈桑的传记》中，他通过对主人公内心世界的细腻描写，使读者更加真实地感受到主人公的痛苦和挣扎。
这种情感的表达令人感受到深深的共鸣和共情，使作品充满了温情和力量。
总的来说，霍桑的作品给我留下了深刻的印象。
他通过对人性的探索和罪恶的揭示，引发了我对生活和道德的思考。
他的作品风格独特，文笔流畅，情感真挚。
霍桑的著名词句
纳撒尼尔·霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne）是19世纪美国文学的重要代表之一，他的作品充满了浪漫主义和黑暗的象征主义。
以下是一些霍桑的著名词句：1. "时间是一个非常奇怪的事物，一会儿感觉很慢，一会儿又感觉很快。
"2. "人类之所以愿意欺骗自己，是因为他们不愿面对真相。
"3. "每个人的心中都有一把烙有自己名字的火炉。
"4. "短暂的一生里，每一个人都是自己的监狱长。
"5. "爱情是生活的调味品，让一切变得更加美好。
"6. "世界是一个巨大的书，不去旅行的人只能读到其中的一页。
"7. "人们往往在最不经意的时候，做出了最重要的决定。
"8. "心中的恐惧比外在的威胁更为可怕。
"9. "黑夜不是终结，而是新的开始。
"10. "真实的幸福只存在于对自己的真实了解之中。
"11. "我们的灵魂是一片森林，遍布着谜一样的路。
"12. "每个人都是自己命运的雕刻师。
"13. "真正的友谊是一种心灵的交流，而非言语的表达。
"14. "时间会治愈一切创伤，但过程却很漫长。
"15. "梦境是心灵的旅行，是无法被束缚的冒险。
"这些词句反映了霍桑对人性、时间、爱情以及心灵深处的思考和观察。
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6. What has Nature been called? 7. And what has The American Scholar been rightly regarded? 8. Is American Romanticism the formative period of indigenous American literature? 9. Among the American Romantics, who drew from Emerson’s doctrine? And who reacted against his doctrine?
10. Who were “New England poets”? 11. Who was for a long time perhaps the most controversial and the most misunderstood of American writers?
Nathaniel Hawthorne
(1804 - 1864)
霍桑
What do you know about Nathaniel Hawthorne ?
Nathaniel Hawthorne 霍桑
(1804 - 1864) 1. American novelist and short story writer, most famous for his novel The Scarlet Letter. bined the American romanticism with puritan moralism 3.Pioneering psychological novelist (早期心理小说家
Short stories Twice-Told Tales 《故事新编》（1837） Mosses from an Old Manse 《古屋青苔》(1846) Earth’s Holocaust 《大地的燔祭》 Young Goodman Brown 《年青的布朗先生》 The Minister’s Black Veil 《教长的黑面纱》 The Birthmark 《胎记》 Rappaccini’s Daughter 《拉伯西尼医生的女儿》
His life
(2)
4 Worked as the Custom Officer in Boston for a while; later survey of the port of Salem; （1839-1849） 5. 1841-42，took part in the Transcendental community experiment in Brook Farm--distasteful 5 Gathered his materials by observing and listening to others and wrote his immortal works: Mosses from an Old Manse in 1846; The Scarlet Letter in 1850; The House of the Seven Gables in 1851; The Blithedale Romance in 1852; The Marble Faun in 1860. 6 Consul in Liverpool, England from 1853—1857; 7 Later traveled in Italy 8 Died in 1864;
Major works
Fiction Fanshawe 《范肖》(1828) The Blithedale Romance 《福谷传奇》 (1852) The House of Seven Gables《带有七个尖 角阁的房子》(1851) The Marble Faun 《大理石雕像》 (1860) The Scarlet Letter (1850)
Hawthorne’s art
(1) He is good at exploring of the complexity of human psychology. He was anatomist of "the interior of the heart". (2) One salient feature of his art is his ambiguity. （复 义性） The use of the supernatural (神秘力量) can be seen as a hallmark of his art. (4) He is a master of symbolism. (5) Literary historian A. H. Quinn perceptively states that Hawthorne is at his best when dealing with sin, the supernatural, and New England past
His life
(1)
1 Born in Salem, Mass. in 1804; 2 Went to Bowdoin College (鲍登学院 ), being friends of Longfellow and Franklin Pierce in 1821; 3 Lived in solitude and seclusion from 1825 to 1837 (read widely, acquainted with local history, and practice writing: 1st tale in 1828; Twice-Told Tales in 1837)
Questions
1. When does American Romanticism begin to flourish? 2. Who is the first important American writer? And what is his representative work? 3. Is he a real American writer? 4. Who is the first American novelist? 5. When did American Romanticism culminate?
4.He didn’t agree with the optimism held by Transcendentalists towards human nature. He wrote lots of works on everlasting evil side in human nature. 5.Anti-transcendental works from Melville, Hawthorne, and Poe all comprise the Dark Romanticism （阴郁浪漫主义、黑色浪漫主义) of literature popular during this time.
(3)
Hawthorne’s influence
He was a major American writer now and the greatest writer living in the 19th century. He was regarded as a pioneer of psychological novel and a master of symbolism. With the publication of The Scarlet Letter, he secured his position in the literary history forever, and he influenced many writers in his time and later generations, such as Herman Melville, Henry James, William Dean Howells and William Faulkner etc.
b. To Hawthorne sin will get punished. c. He believed that sin and evil educate.
d. One source of evil that Hawthorne was concerned most is overreaching intellect. His intellectual characters are usually villains, dreadful because devoid of fellow feeling.
Assignment
Read The Minister’s Black Veil and discuss the questions on it.
Hawthorne's points of view and subject (1)
a. He seemed to be haunted by his sense of sin and evil all his life. He had a "black" vision of life and human beings. In almost every book he wrote, he discussed sin and evil.