初中英语知识点归纳巧用构词法记住初中英语全部单词

初中英语知识点归纳巧用构词法记住初中英语全部单词

英语中的构词法主要有三种，即转化法、合成法和派生法。

一. 转化法

在英语中，一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。

1. 动词转化为名词

Let me have a try.

让我试试。

They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school.

在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。

2. 名词转化为动词

He shouldered his way through the crowd.

他用肩膀推开人群前进。

The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water.

从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。

3. 形容词转化为动词

We will try our best to better our living conditions.

我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。

They tried to perfect the working conditions.

他们努力改善工作条件。

4. 形容词转化为名词

He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong.

他不辨是非。

The old in our village are living a happy life.

我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。

5. 形容词转化为副词

How long have you lived there?

你在那儿住多久了？

6. 个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词

Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.

穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。

Life is full of ups and downs.

人生有得意时也有失意时。

His argument contains too many ifs and buts.

。

他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”

二. 合成法

由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词，这种

构词法叫做合成法，合成的词叫做合成词。合成词一般看其

词，知其意。

1. 合成名词

名词/代词+名词newspaper blood-test she-wolf

动词+名词typewriter pickpocket daybreak

形容词+名词greenhouse highway

副词+名词overcoat outside

名词+v.-ing/v.-ing +名词handwriting reading-room freezing-point

动词+副词/ 副词+ 动词breakthrough get-together outbreak outcome

名词+介词+名词sister-in-law editor-in-chief

2. 合成形容词

名词+形容词/形容词+名词world-famous duty-free large-scale long- term

副词+形容词over-anxious evergreen

名词+过去分词man-made sun-burnt

名词+现在分词peace-loving English-speaking

形容词+现在分词good-looking easy-going

副词+过去分词well-informed widespread

副词+现在分词hardworking far-reaching

形容词+名词+ed warm-hearted absent-minded

数词+名词+ed three-legged ten-storied

数词+名词one-way five–star

数词+名词+形容词ten-year-old 800-meter-long

名词+to+名词face –to-face door - to -door

3. 合成动词

名词+动词baby-sit sleepwalk

副词+动词outnumber underestimate overwork 形容词+动词whitewash

4. 合成副词

形容词＋名词meanwhile anyway

形容词＋副词everywhere anyhow

副词＋副词however

介词＋名词beforehand overhead

介词＋副词forever

5. 合成代词

代词宾格＋self/selves herself themselves

物主代词＋self/selves myself yourselves

形容词＋名词anything nothing

6. 合成介词

副词＋名词inside outside

介词＋副词without within

副词＋介词into

三. 派生法

由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近

或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。

1. 前缀

除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，但不改变单

词的词性。

（1）表示否定意义的前缀

un- unhappy unfinished undress

dis- disagree disbelieve

in- [il-(在字母l前)，im- (在字母m,b,p前)，ir- (在字母r 前)] inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular mis- misbehave mislead mistake

non- nonstop nonsmoker

（2）表示其他意义的前缀

en- “使……”e nrich enlarge encourage

inter- “相互”i nternational intercontinental

re- “再，又，重”rethink retell recycle

tele- “远程的”t elescope telephone telegraph

auto- “自动的”a utomatic automobile

co- “共同”c oworker cooperate coexist

anti- “反对，抵抗”antiwar antifreeze antinuclear

multistory multicultural multicolor multi- “多”

bi- “双，二”bicycle bilingual bilateral

micro- “极小的，微小的”microwave microcomputer over- “太多，过分”overwork overdo overestimate self- “自己，本身”self-centered self-confident