——将来时的六种表达法

将来时的六种表达法

1.will/ shall do (will可用于第一、二、三人称，shall只用于第一人称)

(1) 这种将来意义常常夹杂着情态意义，即带有说话人的主观态度和看法。

You will fail the test if you don’t work hard.

(2) 有时既表示将来，也含有“意愿”或“意图”。e.g. I will meet you at 6 o’clock.

(3) 在疑问句中will/ shall还可用来征询听话人的“意图”。e.g. Will you be at home at seven this evening?

e.g. --- Will you marry me? --- Yes, I will.

特别提示:1).will 可表示根据当时的情况，临时所做的打算。

e.g.-----Mr. Wang is ill in hospital. ----Oh, I’ll go and see him.

e.g.-----Did you tell Julia about the result?----- Oh,no,I forget.I_____ her now

A.will be calling

B. will call

C. call

D. am to call

2.)表单纯将来的will通常不用于时间，条件，让步状语从句，而是用一般现在时代替。If 引导的条件状语从句中使用will不表将来，而表意愿。e.g.I’ll tell him the truth if I see him tomorrow.

e.g.1.If you will listen to me, I’ll tell you the truth. 2. If you __ for another ten minutes,Mr Brown will be here.

A.will wait

B.are going to wait

C.are about to wait

D.are waiting

3) won’t 可表示拒绝做某事，用于物时，好像无生命的物体有了意志力。The door won’t shut.

The car won’t start.（这辆车开不动。）

2.be going to do (1) 表示“意图”，即打算在将来做某事。e.g. I’m going to play basketball after school.

They are going to marry next month. I’m going to be a doctor.

(2) 表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明要发生某种情况。 e.g. The sky is so dark. It’s going to rain.

△ will/ shall do和be going to do

(1) 两者都可表示“意图”，有时两者可以互换使用。

e.g. I won’t tell him about it. = I’m not going to tell him about it.

(2) 表示“意图”时，be going to do表示的“意图”通常是事先经过考虑的，而will/ shall do所表示的“意图”则是说话时临时想到的，因此在某些特定的语境中，两者不可互换使用。

e.g. --- I’m going to play basketball after school. --- Really? I will go with you.

3.be doing 现在进行时的基本用法：a. 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。

We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。

b. 表示现阶段暂时的情况，说话时动作未必正在进行。What are you doing recently?

Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写, 只处于写作的状态。)

c. 表示发展中的或正在改变的情况，如：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。

The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。It’s getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。

d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩（赞成、讨厌、生气等情绪）。You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。

△这一结构的主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于表示位置转移的动词，如：go, come, leave, start, arrive等，也可用于其它动态动词1) come, go, stay, arrive, leave 等词的现在进行时经常用于表示将来确切的计划。

2) 表示交通方式、行程安排的动词，例如fly, walk, ride, drive, take (a bus, a taxi)等的现在进行时也经常用于表示将来。

e.g. The plane is taking off at 5:30. How are you going there ------ by air or by train?

△ be going to do和be doing

(1) be going to do和be doing都可表示决定要做某事，两者在某些语境中可以互换使用。

e.g. We are having fish for supper. = We are going to have fish for supper.

We are leaving soon. = We are going to leave soon.

I’m taking my stude nts to the park on next Sunday. = I’m going to take my studen ts to the park on next Sunday.

(2) 如果动词为come或go，在表示将来时，常用be doing结构。

e.g. We’re going to Shanghai next week. (to是介词)

4. be to do( 常用于通知，规定，正式的命令或指示)

(1) 表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常见于报纸和广播，用以宣布官方的计划或决定。

e.g. The Queen is to visit Vietnam next month.

(2) 表示命令、禁止（否定式）,吩咐，约定,必然等。e.g. Since you’ve done something w rong, you are to stand here. If you are late, you are to stand outside the door. Tell her that she is not to be back late. These pills are not to be taken with any other form of medicine.

特别提示: 此结构常用于if 从句中，表示只有主句的行为发生后，if 条件句中的情况才能成为可能。

If a man is to succeed , he must work very hard.

If British tennis is to reach world standard again, both more money and more commitment will be necessary.

△ be doing和be to do都可以表示按计划、安排将要发生的事态，两者常常可互换，但be to do较常用于正式语体。

5.be about to do

刚要做某事，正要做某事。表示非常近的将来，不与表将来的时间副词连用。e.g. He is about to leave.

注意：不可以说He is about to leave tomorrow.

△ be about to d o…when…：正要做……，这时……e.g. He was about to start when it rained.

I was about to lock the door when the telephone rang.

6.一般现在时

(1) 用一般现在时表将来时间，常见于条件状语从句和时间状语从句中。e.g. I’ll tell her about it if she comes.

I’ll gi ve it to you after I return. I’ll call you as soon as I arrive.

(2) 在主句中用一般现在时表示将来时间通常指按照时间表或既定日程一定会发生的将来事态,常出现在时间表，日程表，或节目单中，go, come, leave, start, stay, return, begin, take off 等。The train leaves at 8 o’clock.

e.g. Tomorrow is Sunday. She retires next year. When do you take your next exam?

△一般现在时表将来时间所暗示的计划比较客观，因而更具有不可变易性，而且一般现在时表将来时间在口气上也比较正式

练习：1. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane_____.

A. takes off

B. is taking off

C. has taken off

D. took off

2. —Are you still busy? —Yes, I______ my work, and it won’t take long.

A. just finish

B. am just finishing

C. have just finished

D. am just going to finish

3. －What would you do if it _____ tomorrow? －We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready. A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining

4. --- Did you tell Julia about the result? ---Oh, no, I forgot. I her now.

A. will be calling

B. will call

C. call

D. am to call

5. I will visit you if Father ______ me. A. let B. lets C. is letting D. will let

6. Look out! That tree _____ fall down. A. is going to B. will be C. shall D. would

7. My uncle _____ to see me. He'll be here soon. A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came