牛津译林八年级下现在完成时学案

牛津译林八年级下现在完成时学案

知识点一（现在完成时）

现在完成时

【知识梳理】

概念

◇表示一个过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。

Eddie has eaten my food.

(Eddie ate the food and now Hobo has nothing to eat.)

◇表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并有可能继续延续下去的动作或状态。

Eddie has lived with Mille since he was born.

Eddie has lived with Mille for four years.

构成

助动词has/have +动词的过去分词

肯定形式

They have finished their homework.

He has finished his homework.

否定形式

They haven’t finished their homework.

He hasn’t finished his homework.

疑问形式

Have they finished their homework?

Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.

关键词

already(用于肯定句), yet(用于否定句和疑问句), since+一点时间, for+一段时间, never, ever, three times(其它表示频率的词, once, twice等)

before, recently, in the past/last few years, so far, this month, today, now

【例题精讲】

1.（）Julia isn’t going to the cinema with us because she ______ the film.

A. sees

B. saw

C. will see

D. has seen

解析：考查现在完成时对目前造成影响的用法。

Key：D

2.（）-- Look at these stamps. I _______ them for five years

-- Wow, they are wonderful.

A. kept

B. have kept

C. have bought

D.bought

解析：for是现在完成时的标志词，for+一段时间，动词具有延续性。

Key：B

【知识梳理】

already与yet用法区别

already 用于肯定句，一般放在助动词与过去分词之间。

yet用于否定句和疑问句，一般置于句末。

【例题精讲】

I have already worked out this math problem? (改为否定句)

I worked out the math problem .

解析：already与yet的转换.

Key ： have not; yet

【知识梳理】

since 和for用法区别

(1)since的用法①since 后面加点时间，如since nearly three years ago或since2008。

②since引导时间状语从句时，后面的时间状语从句动词用一般过去时。

(2)for的用法：for后加一段时间。

since/for 可以通过ago进行同义句转换。

since+时间+ago=for +时间

【例题精讲】

1.They have worked in the factory since ten months ago.= They have worked in the factory for ten years

2.We have learned English for nearly three years. =We have learned English since three years ago.

【巩固练习】

I have had a cold _______ last Saturday, I have had a cold ______ 5 days.= I have

had a cold ______ 5 days ago.

Key ：since，for, since

I haven’t seen you _____ last Friday.

A. for

B. since

C. from

D. on

解析：后面的last Friday 是具体时间点，所以应该用since,选B。

这里需要提醒学生虽然此题后面的last是一般过去时的时间标志，但是跟since 连用之后要用现在完成时。

Key ：B

【知识梳理】

动词的过去分词的用法

Regular verbs Irregular verbs

Base form Past participle Base form Past participle

visit visited hit hit

repair repaired put put

live lived meet met

move moved make made

try tried sell sold

study studied give given

fit fitted write written

规则动词的过去分词的构成

1.大多数的动词的过去分词是规则的，只需在动词后加-ed；例如：

work→worked listen→listened jump→jumped visit→visited

2.在以-e结尾的动词后只加-d；例如：

close→closed like→liked agree→agreed move→moved

3.在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加ed；例如：

study→studied carry→carried try→tried worry→worried

4.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed；例如：

stop→stopped drop→dropped