英语中将来完成进行时以及

英语中将来完成进行时以及
过去将来完成进行时解析
将来完成进行时，是英语中的一种基本时态，其动词架构为，shall/will+助动词have+been+动词的现在分词。

其表达的意思为：表示某种情况下一直持续到说话人所提及的时间，往往与将来的时间连用
构成
主语+ shall/will have been doing
如:
I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.
到今年年底，我将在这个工厂工作20年了
The play is coming off in August. By then the play will have been running for three months.
这个剧将于8月停演。

到那时为止，这个剧将连演三个月了。

By Friday midday, they will have been working on it for seven days.
到星期五中午，他们就在这个工程上干了7天了。

将来完成进行时连用的时间状语
与将来完成进行时连用最多的时间状语时是“by+将来时间”，见上面的例子。

当然除“by+将来时间”外，连用其他的时间状语也是可能的。

如：
He will have been working all day.
他整天将都在工作。

She will have been having treatment all her life.
她将终生受到治疗。

I’ll have been teaching for thirty years this winter.
到今年冬天我就已任教三十年了。

将来完成进行时的情态意义
“will / shall have been+现在分词”结构除表示将来完成进行时外，有时其中的 will 也可能是情态动词，具有情态意义，比较表示推测或猜想等。

如：
They will have been having a holiday yesterday.
他们昨天大概是在度假。

You’ll have been wondering all this time how my invention works.
我想你这些时候一直想知道我的发明怎样会行得通的。

将来完成进行时用于状语从句的变体
正如我们通常要在条件状语从句和时时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时以及用现在完成时代替将来完成时等一样，如果因语义的需要，我们需要在条件状语从句和时时间状语从句中使用将来完成进行时，那么我们通常要用现在完成进行时代替将来完成进行时。

如：
I’ll have finished in the bathroom in a few minutes.
我一会儿就用完浴室了。

As soon as I have finished I’ll give you a call.
我一完事儿，就给你打电话。

将来完成进行时与将来完成时的关系和现在完成进行时与现在完成时的关系一样。

即在以下情况下可以用将来完成进行时而不用将来完成时：
1.动作本身就是连续的：
By the end of the month he will have been living / working / studying here for ten years.
到了月底他在这里居住 / 工作 / 学习就满十年了。

2.一种经常进行的动作被表示为连续的动作：
By the end of this month he will have been training horses / climbing mountains for twenty years.
到了这个月底他驯马 / 登山就满 20年了。

但是如果提到所驯马匹或所攀登的山峰的数目，或用任何方式把动作分割为一次又一次的动作，就必须用将来完成时：
By the end of the month he will have trained 600 horses / climbed 50 mountains.
到本月底，他驯服的马就有600匹 / 攀登的山峰就有50座了。

过去将来完成进行时
表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到对于过去来说的将来某一时间，动作是否继续下去，由上下文决定。

过去完成进行时由“would have been+现在分词”构成。

如：
He said that by the end of the spring term he would have been studying English for three years.
他说到了春季学期末，他就学了三年英语了。

I knew by that time he would have been working there for
30 years.
我知道到那时他他就在那儿工作满30年了。

She told me she’d have been teaching in that university for 20 years by that summer.
她告诉我到年年夏天她在那所大学教书就满20年了
间接引语与过去将来完成进行时
在间接引语中，若主句为过去时态，则用于宾语从句中的间接引语则要把将来完成进行时改为过去将来完成进行时。

如：
I know by this time next week you’ll have been working here for 30 years.
→I knew by that time he would have been working there for 30 years.
She will have been teaching in this university for 20 years by this summer.
→She told me she’d have been teaching in that university for 20 years by that summer.
过去将来完成进行时与虚拟语气
在特定的语境中，有时过去将来完成进行时可用虚拟语气。

如：
At the time of the accident I was sitting in the back of the car，because Tom’s little boy was sitting beside him in front. If Tom’s boy had not been there I would have been sitting in front.
事故发生的时候，我坐在车子的后座，因为汤姆的小儿子坐在前边他的身旁。

要是汤姆的孩子没坐在那里的话，我就会坐在前面了。

过去将来完成进行时的情态意义
“would have been+现在分词”结构除用于表示过去将来完成进行时外，有时其中的would 也可能是情态动词，具有情态意义，比较表示推测或猜想等。

如：
“What interesting job have you found?”Helen asked him; he knew she would have been thinking about it.“
你找到什么有趣的工作啦?”海伦向他问道。

他知道海伦一定会一直想这件事的。

过去将来完成进行时补充例句
过去将来完成进行时不是一个常用时态，一般语法书也讲得到很少，所以能找到的权威例句也很少。

为满足部分高级读者朋友的需要，特从“英国国家语料库”中查了部分例句，供大家参考：
◇Latterly, they would have been reading Virgin books, watching Virgin videos and Virgin films.
◇New York was swathed in sunlight and the heat would have been stifling had it not been for a gentle easterly breeze blowing in from the Atlantic.
◇Maybe we, it may well be that you were with other people, I wonder what sort of things if you were in a condition of speaking, what sort of things you would have been saying to them.
◇Obviously no expense was being spared to make the night a success, and in different circumstances she would have been looking forward to it, but now, as silence settled over the car, she could feel herself growing tense.。