专业外语复习资料.doc

专业外语复习资料

1、I n radiation, thermal energy is transformed into radiant energy, similar in nature

to light.热能在辐射时转换成性质与光相似的辐射能

2、T he force upward equals the force downward so that the balloon stays at the same height.向上的力与向下的力相等，所以气球就保持在这一高度。

3、Apart from providing people with timber, forests help regulate climate, conserve water and soil, wa11 off wind, fix sands, improve water quality, keep away smoke and dust, steri1izer(purify) the air, reduce noice, beautify surroundings, maintain and improve ecological balance.

would not be able to exist without green plants producing oxygen and absorbing harmful gases al 1 the time. Man' s heal th is closely related to the quality of the air, which in turn is decided by the size (extent) of forests.

Many kinds of trees can absorb poisonous and cancer-causing substances in the air・

The arnount of bacteria in a forest area make up but 1% of that in a deforested area・While the air in a department store contains more than 4 million bacteria per cubic meter.

A tree-covered area may reduce noise by a quarter. Moisture content in the air above or around a forest is 10-20% more than that of the places devoid of forest. General 1y, the rainfal1 in a forestry area is 17% more than that of non-afforested area. Thevolume of water held by a 50000-mu forest is equal to a reservoir of 1 million cubic meters< The green trees are pleasant to the eye. It helps to ease the tension of mind, and enhance

the sense of beauty・

森林给人们提供木材，还能调节气候、保持水土、防风固沙、改善水质、防烟防尘、消毒杀菌、

减少噪音、美化坏境、维持及改善生态平衡。

如果没有绿色植物不断制造氧气和吸收有害的气体，人类就无法生存。人们的健康与空气的优劣

有关，二空气的优劣又与森林的多少有关。

许多树木都能吸收空气小的有害物质和致癌物质。林区空气屮的细菌数量只有无林区的 1%O二百货商店内每立方米空气屮则含令400多力个细菌。绿化区可以使噪音减弱四分之一•左右。森林上空和附近的空气的含水量比无林地区多10%—20%；林区降用量一般比非林区多17%, 5力亩森林所涵养的

水相当于100力立方米容量的水库。树木的绿使人看了舒适，有利于缓和紧张心情，给人以美的享受。

4、转基因动物生物安全研究与评价

摘要：随着转基因动物在新品种培育、异种器官移植、生物反丿应器和疾病模型等方面的研究与

发展，转基因动物的生物安全性引起了人们的广泛关注。目前，各国政府与机构已制定了相应的法律法规来规范转基因动物的研究与应川。文屮介绍了转基因动物生物安全

研究的内容、评价原则、评价政策与程序、上市或有望上市的转基因动物产品。最后，对转基因动

物及其产品的硏究与应用进行了展望。

关键词：转基因动物，生物安全，异种器官移植，生物反应器，基因水平转移，木马基因效应，非预期性效应

Biosafety assessment（）『genetical 1y engineered animals: a review Abstract: Wi th the research and development of genetical1y engineered animals （GEAs） in breeding of new variety, xenotransplantation, bioreactor and disease model, biosafety issues of GEAs have attracted widespread attentions worldwide. So far, governments and agencies have established corresponding 1aws and regulations to regulate research and application of GEAs or their derived products. We reviewed research contents, evaluated principles, policies and procedures for biosafety of GEAs, also enumerated upcoming approved products of GEAs. Finally, we suggested perspectives of research and applicat ion of GEAs or their derived products.

Keywords: genetical 1y engineered animals, biosafety, xenotransplanlation, bioreactor, horizontal gene transfer, trojan gene effect, unintentional effect5、 Engineering and screening of artificial riboswitch as a novel gene control element

Abstract: Various artificial riboswitches have been constructed by utilization of designed aptamers or by modification of natural riboswitch systems, because they can regulate gene expression in a highly efficient, precise and fast way, and promise to supply simple cis-acting, modular, and non-immunogenic system for use in future gene therapy applications. In this review, we present an overview of currently available technologies to design and select engineered riboswitches, and discuss some possible techn（）l（）百ies that would allow them highly responsive to non-natural ligands, and dynamic control of gene expression in mammalian cells・ Though how to bring custom- designed riboswitches as a novel and versatile tool box to gene control system is still a great challenge, the combination of structure-activity relationship information, computer based molecular design, in vitro selection, and high- through screening will serve as powerful tools for further development, of riboswitch based gene regulatory systems.

新型基因表达调控元件一一人工核糖开关的构建及筛选

核糖开关作为一种新发现的RNA元件，可以高效、准确、快速地执行基因调控任务，且免疫原性低，有可能在将來以顺式模块的方式应用于未來的基因治疗。近年來U经成功构建了多种人造核糖

开关，构建方法主要是利用人工适体元件与基因表达调控元件组装，或者是在天然核糖开关基础上

进行改造。文屮全血•综述了涉及人工核糖开关设计及筛选的技术，讨论了可以川于哺乳细胞、响

丿应非天然配体信号、调控特征为热力学和动力学控制的核糖开关的设计新策略，并对核糖开关的

筛选构建策略及其在基因治疗及新型药物开发领