定语从句表格
定语从句图表
物
whose /of which the+n. /the +n.+of which
名词定语
1.介词后2.非限3.不重复
物
which
主语、宾语、表语
非限1.非感官2.非句首3.非被动4.否定句
事
which
主语、宾语
1.数词2.不定代词3.最高级4.人和物5.the only/very6.不重复
状语
时间
when/介词+which
时间状语
地点
where/介词+which
地点状语
the reason
原因
why/for which
原因状语
定语从句
设计：李宗烈审核：鹿晓庆时间：2017-3-29
先行词
关系词
关系词在从句中充当的成分=从句中缺词2.those3.-one/-body 4.非限5.不重复
人
who
主语、宾语、表语
人
whom
宾语
人
whose /of whom the+n. /the +n.+of whom
人或物
that
主语、宾语、表语
人或物
省略
宾语
such/so/as/the same
人或物
as
主语、宾语、表语
非限1.感官2.位置灵活3.被动语态4.成语
事
as
主语、宾语
way
物
that/which
主语
that/which/不填
宾语
方式
that/in which/不填
状语
time次数
次数
that/省略
定语从句 表格
非限定性定语从句
对先行词起补充说明作用的定语从句，可省略
例如：My brother, who is a doctor, often volunteers at the local hospital.
定语从句表格
以下是一个定语从句的表格，包含了定语从句的相关概念和常见形式：
概念
说明
常见形式
定语从句
修饰名词或代词的从句，充当定语
名词/代词+关系代词+句子
关系代词
引导定语从句的代词，代替被修饰的名词或代词
who、whom、which、that、whose
限定性定语从句
对先行词起修饰和限定作用的定语从句，不可省略
先行词
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词
例如：The book (that/which) I borrowed from the library is very interesting. (先行词是“the book”)
特殊情况
在一些特殊情况下，关系代词可以省略或不使用
例如：(1)在表示地点或时间的名词后面，如：The city where I live is beautiful. (2)在表示方式或原因的介词短语中，如：The plane on which he traveled was delayed. (3)在表示目的的介词短语中，如：The money for which he sold the painting was needed to pay off the mortgage.
定语从句语法知识点总结(表格版)
2、当先行词被the only，the very，any，few，little，no，all修饰时。
例：All the books that you offered has been given out.
3、当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词的最高级修饰时。
属格词
Whose/of whom不可省
Whose/of which不可省
Whose不可省
4、when where可以用于非限制定语从句中。
一、关系代词用法
That
（限制定语从句中必须用的几种情况）
1、当先行词是不定代词all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one时。
1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人
例：He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study
As（即可以引导限制定语从句又可以引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语）
2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。
例：
⑵当as在从句中做主语时，后面常接动词的被动语态。（be know,be said）
例：
⑶当非限制性定语从句的谓语动词是一个复合结构时，只能用which。
例：
⑶as常用在as（it）same likely, as（it）often happens, as（it）was point out
As（it）was said earlier, as I remember（it）,as I understand（it）,as（it）
定语从句总结表格
定语从句总结表格定语从句总结表格，一起来看看吧。
定语从句关系代词指代例句who指人,宠物,This is the man who helped me.whose所有格,指人,物This is the boss whose name is Michael.whom宾语, 指人The doctor whom you are looking foris in the room.that人,物,主语或动宾This is the boy that broke the window.which人,物,The building which is in front of you主语或介宾 is our school.I am going to drop out school, （非限）which makes my parents worried.关系副词when从句时间Do you remember the daywhen he came to see you?难点Is Sheba the dog who was killed last year? (指代动物)This is the boss in whose company my farther is working now. (复杂结构)whose = the…of which (P314)There was no one to whom I can turn for help.(复杂结构)of whom (其中) most of whom, none of whom…He is the only person that I want to talk to. (不用which) (P315)作表语: He is no longer the man that he used to be.of which (其中) most of which, none of whichin which case / during which time / at which time引导从句It was in 1979 that he was elected Chairman.It was 1979 when he was elected Chairman of our club.I bought the book 2 years ago, since when I have used no others.Cases are introduced to youwhere从句地点why特殊as限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句You have reached the point where a change is needed.Tell me the reason why you are late.the same…as (P320)such…as They use such simple words as can be understood by us.as…as (P320)(正如) as is mentioned above as has been reported beforeas is often the case as is known to all where you can employ this law.(condition, circumstances, system, example…)I am going to Shanghai where lives my aunt. (从句倒装)I climbed to the top of the mountain, from where I could see thewhole city.先行词只有reasonCan you repeat the reason that you gave yesterday?They use such simple words that we can understand them.(状语从句中，that不担任成分,不可以省略)可以位于句首, 与主语从句区分It is known to all that… (形式主语)As is known to all, (定语从句)What is known to all is that (主语从句)。
定语从句关系词的用法表格
定语从句关系词的用法表格
|关系词|意义|例句|。
|------|----|----|。
| that/which | 引导限制性定语从句，它指代先行词 | He is reading the book that/which I gave him. |。
| who/whom | 引导限制性定语从句，它指代人 | She is the girl who/whom I love. |。
| whose | 引导限制性定语从句，它指代人或物 | He is a man whose parents are too busy to take care of him. |。
| as/that | 引导非限制性定语从句，它等于“正如” | He is wise, as/that is what I think. |。
| which | 引导非限制性定语从句，它指代物 | I'm going to buy a car, which will cost me a lot of money. |。
| when | 引导定语从句，表示时间 | I remember the day when I got my first job. |。
| where | 引导定语从句，表示地点 | I will never forget the place where I spent my childhood. |。
| why | 引导定语从句，表示原因 | I know the reason why she left so suddenly. |。
(完整版)定语从句表格
I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。
被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分.II. that与which, who, whom的用法区别：1.The place ____interested me most was the Children's Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2.Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3.This is the hotel _______last month.A. which they stayedB. at that they stayedC. where they stayed atD. where they stayed4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A.which B. that C.when D on which5.That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.A. whereB. to whichC. whichD. in which7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory___we are working.A. where B. that C.which D. there8.This is one of the best films _______.A. that have been shown this yearB. that have shownC. that has been shown this yearD. that you talked9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?A. about which you talkedB. which you talkedC. about that you talkedD. that you talked10.The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ___sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whomB. on whomC. with whichD. with whom13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose14.I'm interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as17.He is good at English, ______we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went withB. with whom I wentC. with who I wentD.I went with him20.He talked a lot about things and persons __they remembered in the school.A which B. that C. whom D. what21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of thatst summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.A. for whichB. for thatC. in whichD. what26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.A. when; whichB. which; whenC. what; thatD. on which; when28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have lookedB. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked afterD. I have looked after31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.A. why; that B .that; why C. for that; that D.for which;what。
定语从句关系词表格
as做宾语一般不省略关来自副词when时间
时间
状语
I will never forget the day when we met there.
可用on which
where
地点
地点
状语
This is the house where I was born.
物
主语
宾语
The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
The picturewhich was about the accidentwas terrible.
as
人，物
主语
宾语
He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
可用in which
why
原因
原因
状语
I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.
可用for which
whom
人
宾语
Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
whose
人，物
定语
I like those books whose topics are about history.
定语从句关系词表格(总2页)
定语从句关系词
关系词
先行词
从句
成分
例句
备注
关系代词
定语从句关系代词表格
定语从句关系代词表格1. 哇塞，定语从句关系代词表格，就像一把神奇的钥匙，能打开英语语法的神秘大门！比如“She is the girl who I met yesterday.”，这里的“who”就是关键的那把钥匙呀！2. 嘿，定语从句关系代词表格可重要啦，它就如同指引方向的灯塔！像“He is the man that I saw in the park.”，“that”不就是那盏明灯嘛！3. 哎呀呀，定语从句关系代词表格，简直是英语学习的宝藏图！瞧瞧“This is the book which I bought last week.”，“which”多关键呀！4. 哇哦，定语从句关系代词表格，那可是超级有用的工具呀！就像“ The man whose car was stolen called the police.”里的“whose”，作用大大的呢！5. 嘿哟，定语从句关系代词表格，不就是我们英语之路上的得力助手嘛！比如说“ The woman whom I gave the book is very happy.”，“whom”很重要吧！6. 哇，定语从句关系代词表格，这可是英语语法的精华所在呀！像“ The house where I lived is very beautiful.”，“where”可不能少呀！7. 哎呀，定语从句关系代词表格，绝对是英语学习的秘密武器！看看“ The day when I met him was sunny.”，“when”多厉害呀！8. 哇哈哈，定语从句关系代词表格，就像是解开语法难题的密码本！例如“ The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.”，“why”就是那个关键密码呀！9. 嘿呀嘿呀，定语从句关系代词表格，那可是英语世界里的魔法阵呢！就像“ The person with whom I went to the concert is my friend.”里的“with whom”，多神奇呀！10. 哇塞哇塞，定语从句关系代词表格，真的是太重要啦！比如“ The place which I want to visit is Beijing.”，“which”不可或缺呀！结论：定语从句关系代词表格真的是学习英语语法不可或缺的重要部分呀，一定要好好掌握！。
定语从句语法知识点总结(表格版)
Whose/of whom不可省
Whose/of which不可省
Whose不可省
4、when where可以用于非限制定语从句中。
一、关系代词用法
That
（限制定语从句中必须用的几种情况）
1、当先行词是不定代词all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one时。
例：
⑵当as在从句中做主语时，后面常接动词的被动语态。（be know,be said）
例：
⑶当非限制性定语从句的谓语动词是一个复合结构时，只能用which。
例：
⑶as常用在as（it）same likely, as（it）often happens, as（it）was point out
As（it）was said earlier, as I remember（it）,as I understand（it）,as（it）
用于限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句关系代词与关系副词的用法：
指人
指物
既指人又指物
1、关系代词和关系代词在任何条件下都不能省略。
主格词
Who不可省
Which
That不可省
2、Who whom which不能用that代替也不能相互替换。
宾格词
Who(m)可省
3、在“介词+Which/Whom”从句的结构中介词不能移到从句后面。
例：This is the bestbookthat I have ever read.
4、当先行词是序数词或前面有序数词修饰时。
例：We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
定语从句表格(可编辑修改word版)
I.定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。
被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分.II.that 与which, who, whom 的用法区别：1.The place interested me most was the Children's Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2.Do you know the man ? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3.T his is the hotel last month.A. which they stayedB. at that they stayedC. where they stayed atD. where they stayed4.Do you know the year the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A.which B. that C.when D on which5.That is the day I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6.T he factory we'll visit next week is not far from here.A. whereB. to whichC. whichD. in which7.G reat changes have taken place since then in the factory we are working.A. where B. that C.which D. there8.T his is one of the best films .A. that have been shown this yearB. that have shownC. that has been shown this yearD. that you talked9.Can you lend me the book the other day?A. about which you talkedB. which you talkedC. about that you talkedD. that you talked10.The pen he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that12.The engineer my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whomB. on whomC. with whichD. with whom13.It there anyone in your class family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose14.I'm interested in you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which15.I want to use the same dictionary was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as16.He isn't such a man he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as17.He is good at English, we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what18.Li Ming, to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went withB. with whom I wentC. with who I wentD.I went with him20.He talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school.A which B. that C. whom D. what21.The letter is from my sister, is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who23.You're the only person I've ever met could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24.I lost a book, I can't remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of thatst summer we visited the West Lake, Hangzhou is famous in the world.A. for whichB. for thatC. in whichD. what26.I have bought such a watch was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it27.I can never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together.A. when; whichB. which; whenC. what; thatD. on which; when28.The way he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./29.This is the reason he didn't come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which30.This machine, for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have lookedB. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked afterD. I have looked after31.The reason he didn't come was he was ill.A. why; that B .that; why C. for that; that D.for which;what。
(完整版)定语从句关系词表格
关系词
先行词
从句
成分
例句
备注
关系代词
who
人
主语
Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?
whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that
whom
人
宾语
Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working
as
人，物
主语
宾语
He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
as做宾语一般不省略
关系副词
when
时间
时间
状语
I will never forget the day when we met there.
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
whose
人，物
定语
I like those books whose topics are about history.
The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate.
可用on which
where
地点
地点
状语
This is the house where I was born.
可用in which
wห้องสมุดไป่ตู้y
原因
原因
定语从句关系词的用法表格
定语从句关系词的用法表格
关系词，用法
---，---
关系代词: who/whom/whose ，用于指人的先行词，相当于定语从句
中的主语、宾语或所有格。
关系代词: which ，用于指物的先行词，相当于定语从句中的主语、宾语或介词宾语。
关系代词: that ，用于指人或物的先行词，相当于定语从句中的主语、宾语或介词宾语。
通常用于非限制性定语从句、定语从句中代替关系
代词who或which，或者在口语中代替who或which。
关系副词: when/where/why ，分别用于表示时间、地点和原因的先
行词，引导定语从句中的时间、地点和原因状语。
关系副词: that ，用于修饰先行词整个句子的情况，引导定语从句
中的一个完整句子作状语。
定语从句表格
定语从句关系词的用法表格如下：
关系词分关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词主要有that, who, whom, whose, which, as等，其中who和whom只用于指人，which和as 只用于指事物。
whose和that既可于指人也可用于指物,它们在定语从句可用作主语、宾语、表语或定语;关系副词主要有when, where和why，其中when表示时间，where表地点，why表原因，它们在定语从句中均用作状语。
A plane is a machine that can fly.
飞机是一种能飞行的机器。
(that指物，在从句中用作主语)。
l have forgotten everything that l learnt at school.
我把学校学的所有东西都给忘了。
(that指物，在从句中句作宾语)。
The man who lives in that house is my uncle.
住在那座房子里的人是我叔叔。
(who指人，在从句中作主语)。
The house whose windows are broken is empty.
破了窗户的那座房子是空的。
(whose指物，在从句中作定语)。
There are some students whose questions l can’t answer.
有些学生提出的问题我回答不了。
(whose指人，在从句中作定语)。
He is not such a fool as he looks.
不像他看起来那么傻。
(as指人，在从句作表语)。
定语从句表格
定语从句：
构成：
只
用
That
先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时
He told me everything that he knows.
先行被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few,the only, the very等修饰时
All the books that you offered has been given out.
先行词既指人又指物时
We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰
This is the best film that I have ever read.
of which/whom
时间
时间
when
关系
副
词
I will never forget the day when we met there.
介词（on）which
地点
地点
where
This is the house where I was born.
介词（in）which
原因
原因
why
I can’t imagine the reason why he turned d
2．在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。
He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.
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定语从句一、概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫“先行词”。
定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词分为：关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词有：who, that,whom, whose, which等；在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等；常见的关系副词有：where,when,why 等；在从句中作状语。
三、关系代词的用法所作成分：先行词：人；先行词：物主语：Who,that ；Which,that宾语：Who,that.whom ；Which,that定语：whose ；whose总结：1.当先行词是人时：关系代词who和that既可以作主语，又可以作宾语，而且作宾语时可以省略；2.其中whom只作宾语；3.当先行词是物时：关系代词which和that既可以作主语，又可以作宾语，而且作宾语时可以省略；4.whose既可以指人，也可以指物；that 既可以指人，也可以指物。
Eg：01.Do you know the girl who/that often comes here?（作主语）02.The girl who/that/whom I spoke to is my daughter.（作宾语）03.The building which/that stands near the train station is a supermarket.（作主语）04.The book which/that you bought for me is very interesting.（作宾语）05.whose既可以指人，也可以指物；在从句中作定语，形式为“whose+名词”表所属关系，即谁的、、、、、、。
Do you know the singer whose name is Wang feng?I live in a house whose windows face south.四、介词+which /whom引导的定语从句（1）当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用which/that（指物）；who/that/whom（指人）作从句中介词的宾语，关系代词可以省略。
01.Dad is a person ___________I can easily talk to.02.Is this the play___________you were talking about just now ?（2）当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词只能用Whom（指人）或which（指物），且关系代词不能省略。
The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor.I can’t find the pen with which I was writing.五、只能用关系代词that不能用which的几种情况：a.当先行词是everything/nothing,something/anything,all/none,few/little，much/some等代词时。
Is there anything that you don’t need?有没有你们不需要的东西？b. 当先行词被every/no,some/any,few/little，all/much等修饰时。
I want to watch all the movies that were acted by Zhou Xingchi.我想看周星驰演的所有电影。
c. 当先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last,just等修饰时。
This is the only book that I can find.这是我能找到的唯一的一本书。
d. 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词或形容词最高级时。
He was the first person that passed the exam.This is the most beautiful place that I have been to.e.当先行词既有人又有物时。
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.f.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时，为避免重复，只能用that。
Who is the girl that is crying ?Which is the hotel that you like best ?g.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that。
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.六、只用which不用that的情况：（1）which引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能。
He had failed in the maths exam,which made his father very angry.（2）在介词提前的定语从句中，只用which不用that。
This is the place in which Lu Xun used to live.先行词本身是that时，只能用which。
What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?七、关系副词的用法所作成分：先行词；关系副词时间状语：时间名词；When地点状语：地点名词；where原因状语：原因名词；why（关系副词所代替的先行词是表示：时间、地点、原因的名词，关系副词在句中作状语。
关系副词where，when，why相当于“介词+which”结构。
）Eg:（1）where 指地点，其先行词表示地点，在从句中作地点状语。
例如：01.That is the house where（=in which）my father used to live.那个是我爸爸曾经居住的房子。
st year my parents went to the farm where(=on which )they worked 30 years ago again.去年我父母又去了那个他们30年前劳动过的农场。
03.My father was born in the place where(=in which) World War II broke out.（2）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在从句中作时间状语。
例如：01.This was the time when （=at which）he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
02.I still remember the day when (=on which) I first came to Beijing.03.My father was born in the year when(=in which) World War II broke out.（3）why指原因，其先行词表示原因，在从句中作原因状语。
例如：01.Is this the reason Why（=for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？02.There are several reasons why(=for which)the boys should be punished.03.Tom couldn’t give the teacher the reason why (=for which) he was late for school.（温馨提示：how不能用作关系副词，不用来引导定语从句。
修饰表示方式的way的定语从句用in which，也可用that或省略。
Eg：This is the way how I did it.<错>This is the way in which/that I did it.<正>）八、介词的选用原则：根据定语从句中谓语动词，形容词的习惯搭配来决定。
01.This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars.02.This is the book for which I spent 8 dollars03.Physics is the subject in our school in which every student is interested.根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。
I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing.I still remember the days during which I lived there.I ‘ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.根据所表达的意思来确定。
The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen.九、关系代词与关系副词的选用根据定语从句中所缺少的成分：作状语用关系副词；作主语、宾语、定语等用关系代词.十、定语从句的分类（1）限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用“逗号”与主句隔开用“逗号”与主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或疑似表达不完整。
只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。
译法上译成先行词的定语：“、、、的”通常译成主句的并列句。
Eg：01.People who take physical exercise live longer.（若把从句去掉句子就失去意义）02.His daughter,who is in Boston now,is coming home next week.若把从句去掉句子意义仍然完整）（2）关系词那点事01.无论如何，关系词都不可省略；02.指代整个主句时，用which;Eg:China won the championship,whichi mada us thrilled to death!03.that和why双下岗，不能用来引导非限制性定语从句；04.其他的，和限制性定语从句一样；05.可以用as来引导非限制性定语从句,可以作主语，也可以做宾语。
（常见的搭配;as is often the case这是常有的事；as is reported正如报道的那样as is expected 正如所预料的；as we all know众所周知；as the saying goes正如俗语所说；as is said above 正如以上所述。