傣族日历泼水节_20131101102_蔡明明

中国传统文化之傣族泼水节蔡明明（计算机科学与工程学院，大连民族学院，大连，116600，中国）【摘要】泼水节是傣族最隆重的节日，也是云南少数民族中影响面最大，参加人数最多的节日。

泼水节是傣族的新年，相当于公历的四月中旬，一般持续3至7天。

第一天傣语叫“麦日”，与农历的除夕相似；第二天傣语叫“恼日”（空日）；第三天是新年，叫“叭网玛”，意为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥，最欢乐的日子。

【关键字】泼水节；云南；傣族Dai Songkran of Chinese traditional cultureCai Mingming(School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Dalian Nationalities,Dalian, 116600, China)Abstract: Songkran is the most important festival of the Dai ,and its also f the greatest impact on ethnic minorities and maximum number of participants in the festival of Yunnan. Songkran is the Dai’s New Year, the equivalent of the Gregorian calendar in mid-April, usually lasts 3-7 days. The first day Dai called "Jimmy Day", similar to the Lunar New Year's Eve; next Dai called "mad day" (empty days); The third day is New Year that is called "A pair of network Ma", meaning beginning of the year, people think this day is the most beautiful, the most auspicious, most joyous day.Key Words: Songkran; Yunnan; DaiI.IntroductionSongkran, also known as Songkran Festival, April 13 - April 16, more than 700 years of history, is Dai, De'ang biggest traditional festivals. Day, Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, Cambodia and other countries as well as China, Yunnan and other places, the people will rise up early, bathe Buddha, began after several days of festivities. During this period, we splashed each other with pure water, to wash away the past year to pray flow, and the new year with good intentions to start again. Songkran is the most important festival of the Dai, Yunnan Ethnic festivals also face the greatest impact, maximum number of participants in the festival. Songkran is the Dai New Year, usually last 3-7 days. The first day Dai called "Jimmy Day", similar to the Lunar New Year's Eve; next Dai called "mad day" (empty days); New Year's Day is called "A pair of network Ma", meaning stay up, people this day as the most beautiful, the most auspicious day.During Songkran, Dai Young likes to do glade loss game. Package with a pretty floral fabric made of cotton interior, cottonseed, etc., decorated with five corners and center of the spikes, is a token of love, young men and women through the loss, then package, to get to know each other. And so consciously let the girl pick vain young man lost after the young man put the girl ready for gift, both left the crowd went to a quiet place romance.But also for the dragon boat race during Songkran, the game was held on the Lancang River. Phi Hung Gualv bundle of dragon boat in the "dignified Church" gong neutral "Haihai Hai" cries and whistles, and the waves, courageously forward, hundreds of thousands of foreign tourists attracted to the Lancang River, is festival adds a lot of tension and convivial atmosphere.II.OriginDai Songkran aka "Buddha Day", Dai called "than the step" (meaning New Year), and the Dehong Dai Xishuangbanna region, also known as the festival is "still rare" and "still key", both names are derived from Sanskrit, meaning turnover, change and transfer of the sun has begun to transition to the new year zodiac running week. Achang, Deang, Brown, Wa tribe over the festival. Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, Laos and other countries over Songkran.Songkran comes from India, is an ancient ritual Brahmanism, Buddhism absorbed after about three in the late 12th century AD to the 13th century with the introduction of Buddhism to China through Burma, Yunnan Dai region. With the influence of Buddhism in the Dai region deepened, Songkran has become a national customs handed down, has been for hundreds of years. Songkran spread in the process, the Dai people gradually with their national myths and legends combine Songkran more amazing given the implication and national colors.III.significance"Let rise" and put lanterns are also unique to the region Dai activities. People in pre-holiday on setting up an overhead rack, will be from Rocket ignition system of the soil, it wailing skies. Overhead flying higher and farther stockade, the more people feel glory, good luck. Winners will be awarded. The night, people will be candle lit space in the square, put homemade big "balloon", the use of hot air buoyancy, put alamp "lanterns" Flying to heaven, in order to commemorate the ancient sages Ming, that is Zhuge Liang.Also, put a riverboat, jump like a foot inspire and Peacock, cock fighting, etc., but also during Songkran activities. In recent years, also increased the folklore expedition, trade talks and so on. Songkran activities to make more colorful. Songkran Festival held annually at the same time in Xishuangbanna and Dehong. Both can be reached directly by plane from Kunming. April 13, 1961, Premier Zhou Enlai had participated Songkran Xishuangbanna. Since then, more and more large-scale Songkran, every year tens of thousands of foreign tourists regarded as life's most memorable experiences.IV.ProcessSongkran comes, Dai people have busy butcher , chickens , wine , but also do a lot of "cents诺索" ( rice cake ) and a variety of Baba made with glutinous rice , eaten in the festival .Songkran lasted three days. The first day , dragon boat racing , let rise , theatrical performances ; next day splashing ; On the third day , young men and women in a packet loss and material exchanges.Songkran is generally held in the beautiful scenery of the Lancang River. When dawn red " City of Dawn " when people of all nationalities will be dressed in costumes, gathered here from all directions . Gave the orders , a branch soaring into the sky , straight through the clouds , a dragon boat an arrow , straight across . At this point , do only golden bamboo "(the bamboo will ) ," playing together , Mang gong , foot drums sounded together , Lancang River suddenly turned into a sea of joy . When splashing beginning, courteous Dai girl spoke words of blessing , while bamboo leaves , twigs dipped in bowl of water spilled over to the other side . " Water release , Dai mad" , to the climax , people with copper bowl , basin , or even a bucket filled with water , in the streets, playing chase , only to find , head of water behind the water , enjoy throwing to a a wet, but people elated , full of laughter. After some water baptism , people in a circle , like in Mang gong and drum accompaniment feet , regardless of nationality, regardless of age, regardless of their occupation , dancing. When excited, it is also a burst of "Water, water, water," cheers. Some men dancing and drinking, mesmerized, through the night, where " loss " the most romantic , often unmarried youth Dai special game. "Package " is a symbol of love token , the Dai girls with elaborate fabric , interior corners cottonseed , embroidered with multicolored spikes package . When packet loss on the green grass lawn stations for men and women in a row, first by Dai girls to throw the bag boy, young man and then throw to the girl, and to pass feelings. So , flying flower package , and finally emotional communication to a certain extent , both sides quietly quit dropping games , find a quiet place in accordance with shoulder whisper went.The first day is " Jimmy Day" , similar to the Lunar New Year's Eve , Dai called " multi- Wan is still rare ," meaning to send old . Now People want to clean up thehouse , cleaning , preparing a festive dinner and a variety of activities between sections . The next day called " angry ," and " angry " means " empty" , according to the custom of the day a year ago neither is , nor is a year later, it was "empty days" ; third is called "麦帕雅late Mary " , the late Mary allegedly麦帕雅souls return to earth with a new calendar for the day , people used to this day as" the day of the arrival of the king "is the Dai Li 's new Year's Day .To the festival , Dai men and women put on their holiday best , lug water, first Buddha temple , and then began splashing each other , you splash me, I pour you a blossoming bloom spray in the air , it symbolizes good luck and happiness , healthy, young hands bright crystal drops , but also a symbol of sweet love . We splashed each other ah splashing water everywhere baptism of water blessing of water song . Blossoming spray string of laughter , Songkran has become a sea of joy .Dai country , Achang , Deang , Brown , Wa and other ethnic traditional festivals. Dai said the New Year as "Beijing than step" , Songkran is " thick south ." So Songkran is the Dai Li in transition from the old logo.Songkran usually mid-April in the Gregorian calendar , Dai Li Jun , a period of three to five days . The first day is called " wristDuo Sangli", which means New Year's Eve , the last day is called " A pair of wrist wrist Ma " , meaning " day of the date of the arrival of the king " for the New Year's Day . Middle called " wrist brain" , meaning " empty day ." Festive , should be splashing , packet loss , dragon boat racing , let rise , Buddha , catch swing and other activities.Early in the morning the first day of the festival , people picking flowers and greenery to the temple to worship and build sand tower four , five in the monastery , worldly beings surrounded the tower and sit and listen to Buddha chanting , and then carried to the hospital in turn statues , Quanzhai women bear to Bicheng water to Buddha welcome home . Buddhist Libi , young men and women quit splashing each other for the show , so the mass of water activities began. People with a copper bowl , washbasin and even a bucket filled with water , owned the streets, playing chase , telling everyone throwing . People think this is an auspicious water, blessed water, you can ward off Chubing , so enjoy splashing , pouring enjoy , regardless of who was splashed or spilled who , though drenched from head to toe , but still happy exception. A blossoming spray of laughter in the crowd bloom in the sun's radiation reflects the brilliant light .In addition to splashing water, as well as mass dance activities. Up to seven or eight years old, under the seven -year-old baby , wearing festive costumes , copolymerizing the village square, a circle of men and women , and the elephant-foot Mount gong drum dancing. Some jump " Peacock " ; Some jump " Oh Jade Prince " ; some improvisation , singing and dancing ; graceful movements , singing and moving ; rhythmic , passionate lovers . Jump elated when , or an outbreak of "Water ! Water ! Water ! " Cheer , or "Jade Prince Oh, uh, Jade Prince " song at the end. Some men dancing and drinking, such as drunk like crazy , all night long , and even passed out in the dance floor .During the festival, in the wide Lancang , hold dragon boat race. Wooden bar with colored flowers, dress Jackie Chan, peacock , fish and other images from dozens ofyoung men and women struggling to paddle forward, both sides of the audience clouds, gongs and drums , resounding cheers . After the game, the winner came to the podium to accept the award and drink wine celebration .Night, each village discharge soaring . This is the Dai people homemade fireworks , with a long bamboo Shu Zhang , the roots filled with gunpowder and other ingredients, placed on elevated arrowroot barricaded . Ignition lead , gunpowder burning bamboo that is launched into the sky like a rocket in the air jet emitted brilliant fireworks , like flowers, stars shine , dazzling, decorate the festival was particularly beautiful night sky . The highest placed soaring by people who appreciated and rewarded .During Songkran , packet loss and other activities were also held . Young men and women seek partners through loss , expressing affection.In the first day of Songkran , when not only dragon boat racing , put lanterns , water, light , eat barbecue ( local specialties ) , as well as even more important is the - side of the intersection . Intersection is a small businessman from Thailand over the trading side of the local specialties , snacks, in order to increase the friendship between the two countries , is of great significance . Intersection usually lasts three days , three days before the Songkran there .V.Cultural HeritageSongkran is a fully integrated stage show Dai water culture, music and dance culture, food culture, costumes and other traditional culture and folk culture of respect, is to study the history of an important window Dai has high academic value. Songkran chapter shows Kazakhstan, white elephant dance and performing arts to give people the enjoyment of the arts, help to understand the nature Dai sentiment, love the water Jingfo, gentle quiet of the national identity. Songkran is important to strengthen ties while Xishuangbanna statewide great unity of the peoples of Xishuangbanna exchanges and friendly cooperation with Southeast Asian countries, the promotion of social, economic and cultural development of the state played a positive role.Country attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage, May 20, 2006, the State Council approved the inclusion of folk first batch of national intangible cultural heritage.VI.Historical recordsAbout the Dai New Year activities , " car ", a book has a section reads: " New Year's Day morning , all the nobility of civilians , both a bath , Yi temple danfo women fetch water each generation is a challenge , as the Buddha welcome home by . top to heel , vividly , a few mud Buddha whom坍倒after Buddha people have with each other in the water phase pouring , splashing it can play sensationalism . " This story , though not its Xiang , but has told people splashing water is an activity must beheld when the Dai New Year .The above mentioned " New Year " is not the Gregorian calendar on January 1 , New Year 's Day but Dai Li . King on the day of the Dai legend , was a kind, courageous, heroic and the public weal and woe . June Dai New Year , splashing water , let rise and other activities, have a close relationship with the king of the day . Folklore, in ancient times , where Dai lived suffer a disaster . Summer , no rain , no wind in spring and autumn without sun, Yin Yu full winter . Mostly sunny do not need , do not need rain rain seasons with confusion , unable to seed crops , fields and wasteland Wu , drinking was epidemic , mankind faces extinction. That is known as the Paya night person, to see such circumstances , determined to heaven understand why, King of England to announce his Da Tila . He made four wooden wings into the sky , into heaven , the earth experienced a disaster King of England Da Tila reported . Item Dati smell like a check valve , that is in charge of wind, thunder , electricity, rain , sunny, cloudy god holding Mary Mary holding the point of ignoring Dara Chad Chad develop drought , rain, cold quarters of regulation , with the majority of supernatural deliberate rebellion . And this point Dara Mary holding first glance , magic clever, angels are helpless against him . To punish this mess facilities despotic power of the gods , disguised as a handsome British Dati La Guy, holding Mary points to go home first glance Dara string girl. Mary was holding a long-term confinement in point Dara Chad palace in seven daughters of the handsome guys, love at first sight . Ma Ying Da Tila holding point put Dallas Chad plagues earth, mankind faces extinction facts say so, seven weekdays feeling resentful father has for goodness girl , determined severing save humanity . Every day around their father around like a baby , his life and death probe tips. Jiaonv face , holding Mary -point Dallas Chad finally confided a secret : He is not afraid knifed , shot , is not afraid of fire flooding , for fear that with her hair made " bow season slaughter" ( " bow" to bow , " race " for the string " slaughter" of the heart , meaning " heartstrings bow" ) . After the girls discover the secrets to filling his father was drunk , he took the opportunity to cut a handful of hair , produced a " bow season slaughter" ( literally translated as hearts bow, jackets will bow string ) , they had just Mary holding the bowstring aligned point Dara Chad 's neck , he suddenly thrust his head and fell . However, holding the head of Mary point Dallas is only at first glance devil , floor nozzle, fire sky . 7 girls seeing , regardless of safety toward the head to hold in his arms, magic fire Dayton off. To extinguish the fire magic , seven girls had to be the devil in his arms , and continuously rotate until head rot. Sisters once they splashed each other once every rotation of the body of water wash stains , eliminate left smelly. After the death of Mary holding point Dara first glance , the tree holding Yoruba Ma Ha rebuilt calendar , in charge of the storm, so that human good weather , people live and work .Legend , the revised calendar is Paya later than June Dai Li Tuomeng his father announced . Thus , he gave the announcement of the new calendar Dai June as a New Year 's festivals . When people celebrate the New Year , splashing each other , in order to discipline forget that seven girls severing good , and evil decontamination apartment , seeking good luck has spread.VII.Our view for SongkranThe water splashing festival with a stable social customs and practices,And it has connection with the national emotion and social psychological .With the increasing Chinese's status in the world.China traditional culture is more and more important.So we should respect their cultural heritage,With their own practical action to make a contribution to our motherland.。